RESUMO O número de transplantes de órgãos e tecidos em humanos e animais tem crescido significativamente nos últimos anos, principalmente após o advento de técnicas modernas e mais seguras indutoras de imunossupressão. Objetiva-se com o presente estudo avaliar macro e microscopicamente o alotransplante parcial de bexiga a fresco em coelhos, utilizando como agente imunomodulador células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSC) alogênicas. Foram utilizados 25 coelhos, sendo um deles macho e doador das ADSCs, e os outros 24 eram fêmeas, submetidas a alotransplante parcial de bexiga, tratadas com ciclosporina (GCi) ou células-tronco mesenquimais (GCe). Conclui-se que o GCe teve melhor aceitação histológica do implante em relação ao GCi aos 30 dias de avaliação.

ABSTRACT The number of organ and tissue transplantation in humans and animals has grown significantly recently, especially after the advent of modern and safer techniques of immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to evaluate macro and microscopically partial urinary bladder fresh allograft in rabbits, using as immunomodulatory agent cyclosporine or allogenic adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). For this purpose, 25 rabbits were used. One male was the donor of ADSCs; 24 females received a partial urinary bladder allograft and were treated with cyclosporine (GCi) or mesenchymal stem cells (GCe). We conclude that the GCe group had better histological acceptance of the implant than GCi group at 30 days evaluation.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência produtiva de vacas ao desmame de acordo com seu tamanho (peso) e estimar correlação fenotípica entre as características peso do bezerro ao desmame (PBD), peso da vaca ao desmame do bezerro (PVD) e relação desmame (RD = PBD/ PVD) de animais da raça Nelore criados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram utilizadas 706 observações para pares de dados de pesos de vacas e de bezerros da raça Nelore ao desmame criados em regime de pastejo. Foram formados seis grupos com base no peso de vaca ao desmame (GPVD) a partir dos desvios (40,73kg) de peso em relação à média geral do rebanho (420,56kg). Os grupos de vacas com menores pesos obtiveram maiores RD. As correlações fenotípicas entre PVD e PBD variaram de 0,05 a 0,26, enquanto para PVD e RD as correlações foram negativas e com variação de 0,11 a 0,25. As correlações fenotípicas entre PBD e RD apresentaram-se positivas e de alta magnitude (0,91 a 0,98). As maiores eficiências produtivas foram determinadas para vacas de pequeno a médio porte (327,20 a 438,62kg), além de estas serem menos exigentes quanto a nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). A seleção de vacas de tamanho médio (379, 83 a 461,29kg) apresenta-se mais vantajosa por gerar menor custo de mantença que as vacas maiores e produzir bezerros mais pesados que as vacas menores.

The study aimed to evaluate the productive efficiency of cow at weaning according to their size (weight) and estimated phenotypic correlation between the characteristics of weaning weight of calf and cow and weaning ratio of Nellore cattle raised in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. 706 observations were used to weight data pairs of cow and calves at weaning. Six groups were formed based on the weight of cow at weaning from deviations (40.73kg) of weight in relation to the overall mean of the herd (420.56kg). The groups of cows with lower weaning weight have the highest weaning ratio. Phenotypic correlations of cow weight at weaning and weaning of calf weight ranged from 0.05 to 0.26, cow weight at weaning and weaning ratio were negative correlations ranging from -0.11 to -0.25. Phenotypic correlations between weaning of calf and weaning ratio were positive and of high magnitude (0.91 to 0.98). The highest efficiencies were determined for cows between 327.20 and 438.62kg, and are less demanding on total digestible nutrients (TDN). A selection of medium sized cows (379, 83 to 461.29kg) appears more interesting because it has lower maintenance costs than larger cows, and produces heavier calves than the smaller cows.

A Vancomicina (VCM) é indicada no combate à infecções por Gram-positivas, porém não é considerada um agente de primeira escolha por causa dos seus efeitos adversos. Acredita-se que o estresse oxidativo é o principal mecanismo responsável pela lesão endotelial e consequente toxicidade da VCM, que varia desde flebites à nefrotoxicidade. Ademais, as recomendações de doses, diluições, taxas e tipos de infusão ainda são controversos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de diferentes diluições de VCM na lesão endotelial, hepática e renal utilizando parâmetros bioquímicos e análise histopatológica. Ratos Wistar foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos e submetidos à canulação da veia femoral para a administração de medicamentos. Os grupos controle receberam 0,9 ml de salina e os outros receberam VCM (10mg/Kg/dia) nas diluições de 5.0 e 10.0 mg/ml durante 3 e 7 dias. Homocisteína, PCR-us, AST, ALT, GGT, ureia, creatinina, licopeno, alfa-tocoferol, beta-caroteno e retinol foram analisados. Fragmentos de rins, fígado e veia femoral canulada foram coletados. Este estudo mostrou alterações na ALT, caracterizando hepatotoxicidade. Entretanto, as diluições dos medicamentos não foram capazes de evidenciar alterações nos outros parâmetros bioquímicos. Por outro lado, alterações histopatológicas foram observadas nos rins e endotélio. Mais estudos são necessários para a caracterização do efeito da VCM quanto à toxicidade nos rins e endotélio e ainda na busca de marcadores bioquímicos capazes de evidenciar tais alterações morfológicas.

Vancomycin (VCM) is indicated in combat against Gram-positive infections, but it is not considered a first-choice drug because of its adverse effects. It is believed that oxidative stress is the primary mechanism of endothelial injury and the consequent VCM toxicity, which varies from phlebitis to nephrotoxicity. Moreover, dose recommendations, dilution, rates and types of infusion are still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different VCM dilutions in endothelial, liver and kidney injuries by biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis. Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and subjected to femoral vein cannulation for drug administration. Control groups received 0.9 ml of saline and the others received VCM (10mg/Kg/day) at dilutions of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL for 3 and 7 days. Homocysteine, hs-CRP, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol were analyzed. Kidney, liver and cannulated femoral vein fragments were collected.This study showed alterations in ALT which featured hepatotoxicity. However, drug dilutions were not able to show changes in other biochemical parameters. In contrast, kidney and endothelium pathological changes were observed. More studies are needed to characterize VCM induced kidney and endothelium toxicity and biochemical markers able to show such morphological modifications.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been evaluated in breast cancer patients to identify those most likely to benefit from herceptin-targeted therapy. HER2 amplification, detected in 20-30% of invasive breast tumors, is associated with reduced survival and metastasis. The most frequently used technique for evaluating HER2 protein status as a routine procedure is immunohistochemistry (IHC). HER2 copy number alterations have also been evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in moderate immunoexpression (IHC 2+) cases. An alternative procedure to evaluate gene amplification is chromogenic in situhybridization (CISH), which has some advantages over FISH, including the correlation between HER2 status and morphological features. Other methodologies have also been used, such as silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, to determine the number of HER2 gene copies and expression, respectively. Here we will present a short and comprehensive review of the current advances concerning HER2 evaluation in human breast cancer.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência dos reguladores vegetais BAP e GA3 como tratamentos pré-germinativos no processo de germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Dendrobium nobile, espécie importante pelas propriedades farmacológicas como anti-oxidante, vasodilatadora e até mesmo anti-cancerígena, além do valor ornamental. Os tratamentos pré-germinativos consistiram de BAP e GA3, separadamente, nas concentrações de 0,0; 1,0; 2,0 e 5,0 mg L-1. Após seis meses da semeadura in vitro e manutenção em câmara de germinação e de crescimento com temperatura e foto-período controlados (12 horas e 23ºC ± 2), foram avaliados os parâmetros número de sementes germinadas, porcentagem de germinação, massa fresca e altura das plântulas, diâmetro e número de pseudobulbos, número de folhas, número de raízes, e o comprimento da maior raiz. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Todas as variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância e de regressão, quando significativas. As sementes de D. nobile germinaram melhor na ausência de reguladores vegetais e os tratamentos com BAP ou GA3 na embebição das sementes pouco beneficiaram o desenvolvimento in vitro de D. nobile.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of plant growth regulators BAP and GA3 as pre-germinative treatment in the process of germination and initial development of seedlings of Dendrobium nobile, a species important for its pharmacological properties like antioxidant, vasodilator and even anticancer, besides its ornamental value. Pre-germinative treatments consisted of BAP and GA3, separately, at the concentrations of 0.0; 1.0; 2.0 and 5.0 mg L-1. At six months after in vitro sowing and maintenance in a germination and growth chamber with controlled temperature and photoperiod (12 hours and 23ºC ± 2), the following parameters were evaluated: number of germinated seeds, percentage of germination, fresh mass and height of seedlings, number and diameter of pseudo-bulbs, number of leaves, number of roots, and length of the largest root. The experimental design was completely randomized. All variables underwent analysis of variance and regression analysis when significant. D. nobile seeds presented better germination in the absence of plant growth regulators and the treatments with BAP or GA3 in seed imbibition little benefited D. nobile in vitro development.

Ageratina glabrata (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob., Asteraceae (syn. Eupatorium glabratum Kunth) is widely distributed throughout Mexico and popularly known as "chamizo blanco" and "hierba del golpe" for its traditional use as external analgesic remedy. Though glabrata species has been chemically studied, there are no experimentally asserted reports about possible analgesic effects which can be inferred from its genus Ageratina. To fill the gap, we evaluated A. glabrata extracts in an animal model of nociception exploiting thermal stimuli. NMR and mass analyses identified a new thymol derivative, 10-benzoiloxy-6,8,9-trihydroxy-thymol isobutyrate (1), which was computationally converted into a ring-closed structure to explain interaction with the COX-2 enzyme in a ligand-receptor docking study. The resulting docked pose is in line with reported crystal complexes of COX-2 with chromene ligands. Based on the present results of dichloromethane extracts from its dried leaves, it is safe to utter that the plant possesses analgesic effects in animal tests which are mediated through inhibition of COX-2 enzyme.

O manejo de plantas daninhas em canteiros de floríferas é um dos principais aspectos que interferem na manutenção dos jardins. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a possibilidade de veiculação do oxyfluorfen à palha de arroz e a seletividade da sálvia (Salvia splendens), uma das principais floríferas produzidas e comercializadas no Brasil, ao herbicida. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro quantidades de palha de arroz (0, 4, 6 e 8 t ha-1) combinadas com três doses do herbicida oxyfluorfen (0, 1 e 2 L ha-1). Observou-se que os tratamentos que levaram à veiculação do herbicida (nas duas doses testadas e nas três quantidades de palha) apresentaram controle de plantas daninhas sem que efeitos fitotóxicos severos fossem observados nas plantas de sálvia. A pulverização direta do herbicida sobre o solo e as plantas de sálvia não se mostrou viável. O tratamento que proporcionou controle satisfatório de plantas daninhas sem causar danos às plantas de sálvia e que, por isso, pode ser recomendado foi o que recebeu o herbicida na dose de 2 L ha-1, veiculado a 4 t ha-1 de palha de arroz.

Weed control is one of the main constrains to flower garden maintenance. This work aimed to study the possibility of translocating oxyfluorfen to rice straw and of selectivity of Salvia splendens, one of the main ornamental species produced and commercialized in Brazil, to the herbicide. A randomized block design was used in the factorial scheme 4 x 3, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of four amounts of rice straw (0, 4, 6 and 8 t ha-1) combined with three doses of oxyfluorfen (0, 1 and 2 L ha-1). The results showed that the treatments that led to translocation of the herbicide to rice straw showed great weed control, without any high phytotoxicty damage to the salvia plants. The treatment receiving g 4 L ha-1 of herbicide in 2 t ha-1 of rice straw provided satisfactory results, without causing any phytotoxicity damage to the salvia plants and thus can be recommended for weed control.

The pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds indicates that they can be used as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, neuroprotectors, anti-tumor and anti-infectious agents, and immunomodulators. In this review, we focus on the effects of diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) in various biological model organisms. DPDS possesses antioxidant activity, confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo systems, and thus has a protective effect against hepatic, renal and gastric injuries, in addition to its neuroprotective activity. The activity of the compound on the central nervous system has been studied since DPDS has lipophilic characteristics, increasing adenylyl cyclase activity and inhibiting glutamate and MK-801 binding to rat synaptic membranes. Systemic administration facilitates the formation of long-term object recognition memory in mice and has a protective effect against brain ischemia and on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. On the other hand, DPDS may be toxic, mainly because of its interaction with thiol groups. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the molecule acts as a pro-oxidant by depleting free glutathione. Administration to mice during cadmium intoxication has the opposite effect, reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. DPDS is a potent inhibitor of d-aminolevulinate dehydratase and chronic exposure to high doses of this compound has central effects on mouse brain, as well as liver and renal toxicity. Genotoxicity of this compound has been assessed in bacteria, haploid and diploid yeast and in a tumor cell line.

The purposes of this study were to determine: a) the incorporation of labeled <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.2.gif" WIDTH=36 HEIGHT=21>arachidonic acid on the intestinal mucosa, the liver and plasma, after 1, 3 and 5 hours of administration, b)preferential incorporation by different tissues, c) and the effects on experimental rats with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis, after four weeks of a dietary supplementation with nucleotides and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. 209 female Wistar rats were divided into two groups (control and TAA group). The TAA group was given 300 mg of thioacetamide/L, in their drinking water for four months. After this period, a sample of 6 rats were taken from each group and examined, to evaluate the biochemical and histological changes of the experimental model, and 36 rats were taken to determine the incorporation of radioactivity by the groups. The rest of the animals were divided into four subgroups. Each group, receiving a supplementary diet with only long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or nucleotides or neither, for 4 weeks. After four months of thioacetamide, the incorporation of the <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.3.gif" WIDTH=36 HEIGHT=21> arachidonic acid showed: a) an increased within 3 h in the intestinal mucosa, b) a decreased in the liver after 3 lo 5 h c) and a drastic decrease in the plasma after 3 to 5 h. With a dietary supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides combined, there was a decrease of accumulate <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.4.gif" WIDTH=287 HEIGHT=96> arachidonic acid in the intestine and a increase in the liver and plasma. The simultaneous supply of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides was beneficial in the reversal of abnormalities of the lipid metabolism, in this experimental model of liver cirrhosis.

Influência dos nucleotídeos dietéticos e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados na incorporação de <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.5.gif" WIDTH=36 HEIGHT=21>ácido araquidônico na cirrose hepática experimental. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar: a) a incorporação de <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.6.gif" WIDTH=36 HEIGHT=21>ácido araquidônico na mucosa intestinal, fígado e plasma, após 1, 3 e 5 horas de administração da emulsão radioativa, b) a incorporação preferencial em diferentes tecidos e c) os efeitos do tratamento dietético, por quatro semanas, com nucleotídeos e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, em ratos com cirrose hepática induzida por tioacetamida. 209 ratas da raça Wistar, foram divididas em dois grupos (controle e TAA). O grupo TAA recebeu a tioacetamida na concentração de 300 mg/L, dissolvido na água de bebida, por quatro meses. Após este período, uma amostra de 6 animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados para confirmação das mudanças bioquímicas e histológicas, características do modelo experimental e trinta e seis animais foram utilizados para determinar a incorporação do radioisótopo. O restante dos animais foram divididos emquatro subgrupos. Cada grupo recebeu uma dieta suplementada com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e nucleotídeos, isoladamente ou combinados. Após quatro meses de tioacetamida, a incorporação do <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.7.gif" WIDTH=36 HEIGHT=21> ácido araquidônico resultou em: a) aumentada retenção na mucosa intestinal após 3 h, b) reduzida retenção no fígado após 3 e 5 horas, c) uma importante redução no plasma após 3 e 5 horas. O tratamento dietético com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e nucleotídeos combinados promoveu uma redução do <IMG SRC="http:/img/fbpe/alan/v50n3/art07for1.8.gif" WIDTH=36 HEIGHT=21> ácido araquidônico acumulado na mucosa intestinal e num aumento da incorporação no fígado e plasma. A suplementação simultânea de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e nucleotídeos dietéticos foi benéfica para reverter anormalidades do metabolismo lipídico existentes, neste modelo experimental de cirrose hepática.