Abstract In the present study, the antimutagenic activity of methanolic (MP) and hexanic (HP) phase from hexane-soluble extract of Paraoctopus vulgaris was evaluated. The HP showed significant concentration-dependent antimutagenic activity (p < 0.05) in the Ames assay against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 tester strains. Seven fractions (F1-F7) were obtained from HP by silica gel-column chromatography and the antimutagenic activity of F6 and F7 caused significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the number of AFB1-induced revertants in both strains. However, high antimutagenic activity was exhibited in TA98 strain (85-97% reversion inhibition) and remained at a fraction-concentration of 3 μg/mL. F6 and F7 composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array, both fractions shared one peak at 9.42 min suggesting presence of the same compound. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis results indicate that the bioactive compound is bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Based on of these results bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exhibit antimutagenic activity, which allows to consider it for further investigation as a potential chemopreventive compound.

Abstract The potential of cantabrian anchovy (Engraulis encrarischolus) viscera as a source of bioactive compounds is of interest for both, pharmaceutical and food industries. Cantabrian anchovy guts and heads were freeze-dried, extracted with methanol and subjected to fractionation by solvent partitioning using hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Fractions were tested for antimutagenic, antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial activity using the Ames test; DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays; the radial grown inhibition assay; and the microbroth dilution method, respectively. Five fractions were obtained from the anchovy gut methanolic extract, in addition to the hexane- (HF), ethyl acetate- (EAF), and butanol-soluble (BF) fractions, an aqueous-soluble fraction (ALF) and precipitated crystals (ACF) in this were also obtained. HF and EAF resulted to be antimutagenic, HF and ALF showed antifungal activity, BF and ACF showed the highest antioxidant potential, and HF and BF were antibacterial against several strains. Anchovy gut, which to the present study had not been reported for any bioactivity, has antimutagenic, antifungal, antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds, which need to be isolated for full characterization and study.

Abstract The search for chemopreventive/chemoprotective compounds in marine organism has been extensively reported; however, the presence of these compounds in octopus has been incipiently explored. In this research, the antimutagenic, antiproliferative, and antioxidant potential of three crude extracts (methanolic, acetonic, and hexanic) from Paroctopus limaculatus was investigated. Antimutagenic activity against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was evaluated through the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and 100. Antiproliferative activity was assessed using the standard MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay on M12.C3.F6 murine cell line. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods. Hexanic extract showed the highest antimutagenic and antiproliverative activities inhibiting 80 and 43% of mutagenicity induced by AFB1 for TA98 and TA100, respectively, and showing a high antiproliferative activity at 200 and 100 µg/mL. However, when the antioxidant activity was evaluated at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, the methanolic fraction exerted inhibition of 98 and 96 % ABTS and DPPH radicals, respectively. RP-HPLC and 1H-RMN analyses suggested the presence of double bonds with extended conjugation and oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, esters, ethers or ketones. These results suggested that hexanic and methanolic extract form octopus contained compounds with chemoprotective and antioxidant properties.