Abstract Recovery of spores and crystals from the fermentation broth of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was studied using the membrane separation technology. Four types of polymeric membranes, with different characteristics, in the range of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were used for evaluating their permeate flux and spore-crystal recovery capacity. Results indicated that both MF and UF membranes are effective for spore-crystal recovery. The hydrophobic MF membrane made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) achieved a better performance compared to the one made with hydrophilic cellulose acetate (CA). Both had a 0.22 µm pore size, under the condition of an upper range of feed pressure. Also, with the increase of the feed flow rate, a higher flux was achieved for the PVDF membrane. A UF membrane made of polyethersulfone (PES) polymer was also used effectively for spore/crystal recovery from the broth, but under a higher operating pressure. In the entire experiment, a 99.9% rejection factor was measured with the applied membranes for the spore/crystal in the fermentation broth.

A label-free optical immunosensor was developed based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method for rapid and selective detection of Brucella melitensis. This immunosensor was constructed by immobilizing capture antibody on 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid modified gold disk. This fabricated immunosensor detected B. melitensis at a concentration range from 103 to 107 cell mL-1 (R2 = 0.998) and a detection limit of 100 cell mL-1. Additionally, the kinetic equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for assessment of the interaction affinity was calculated as 1.1 × 10-9 mol L-1 that can be considered as high affinity interaction. This SPR immunosensor provided advantages in term of fast response, label free and accurate detection of B. melitensis in analytical systems.