Abstract In this paper, we study the p-Laplacian problems in the case where p depends on the solution itself. We consider two situations, when p is a local and nonlocal quantity. By using a singular perturbation technique, we prove the existence of weak solutions for the problem associated to the following equation and also for its nonlocal version. The main goal of this paper is to extend the results established by M. Chipot and H. B. de Oliveira (Math. Ann., 2019, 375, 283-306).

Resumen En este artículo, estudiamos los problemas p-Laplacianos en el caso donde p depende de la solución misma. Consideramos dos situaciones, cuando p es una cantidad local y no-local. Usando una técnica de perturbación singular, demostramos la existencia de soluciones débiles para el problema asociado a la siguiente ecuación y también para su versión no-local. El principal objetivo de este artículo es extender los resultados establecidos por M. Chipot y H. B. de Oliveira (Math. Ann., 2019, 375, 283-306).

BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies are vital biomarkers for the diagnosis, assessment and prognostic determination of various autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the two AtheNA Multi-Lyte® systems for the detection of various autoantibodies. METHODS: A total of 105 systemic lupus erythematosus patients, 35 patients with other autoimmune diseases (diseased controls), and 30 healthy volunteers (healthy controls) at Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig city, Al Sharqia governorate were tested for anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and the AtheNA Multi-Lyte® anti-nuclear antibodies-II system between May 2020 and April 2022. Seventy-five patients with clinically suspected autoimmune vasculitis (AIV) and 25 healthy volunteers were also tested for anti-myeloperoxidase and anti-proteinase 3 antibodies using IIF, the AtheNA Multi-Lyte® AIV system, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The AtheNA anti-dsDNA test (98.5%) was more specific than IIF (96.9%) for diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus, but both tests had the same sensitivity (38.1%). Combining both methods increased sensitivity to 47.6%, while increasing the cut-off of the AtheNA anti-dsDNA test to 134 international units/mL increased specificity to 100%. The AtheNA Multi-Lyte AIV system exhibited substantial agreement with IIF regarding anti-myeloperoxidase testing (κ = 0.65) and almost perfect agreement with ELISA (κ = 0.85). The AtheNA Multi-Lyte® AIV system exhibited perfect agreement with IIF (κ = 1) and substantial agreement with ELISA for anti-proteinase 3 testing (κ = 0.63). CONCLUSION: AtheNA Multi-Lyte® systems appear to be reliable for anti-dsDNA, anti-myeloperoxidase, and anti-proteinase 3 screening and may be an optimal choice for monitoring anti-dsDNA levels. What this study adds: It is necessary to evaluate various autoantibodies detection assays to increase both sensitivity and specificity of autoimmune diseases diagnostic approaches. AtheNA Multi-Lyte® systems appear to be reliable for anti-dsDNA, anti-myeloperoxidase, and anti-proteinase 3 screening and may be an optimal choice for monitoring anti-dsDNA levels.

Coal is mined by both surface and underground methods and its extraction is normally characterized by numerous hazards that can lead to catastrophic accidents, which result in devastating effects such as injuries or fatalities, damage to mining assets, and destruction of mineral resources. These hazards exist due to the ability of coal to support combustion and its association with toxic, flammable, and explosive gases. Underground coal mining entails higher safety risks than opencast coal mining, chiefly because of issues relating to mine ventilation and mine collapse. Furthermore, coal mine collapses mostly occur due to crumbling of mining supports, especially in room and pillar mining systems. To avoid such adverse occurrences, safety management systems need to be in place. This study reviews the various technological safety systems and principles that are used for safe-rescue and self-escape of miners in underground coal fires, particularly in South Africa, using data obtained from Mines Rescue Services in Carltonville, South Africa. The outcome of the review shows that practising safety culture has been given priority across many South African underground coal mines through setting up safety management systems and encouraging workers to stay committed to safety principles.

Resumo Para o bom crescimento dos peixes, é necessário alimentá-los com uma alimentação adequada e balanceada. Um estudo foi realizado para descobrir o efeito de diferentes dietas à base de proteínas em alevinos de Tor putitora (mahseer). Foi preparado um alimento com níveis de proteína dietética de 35%, 40%, 45% e 50%. O efeito de diferentes alimentos à base de proteína no ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento padrão (SGR), taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR), ganho de peso percentual, eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) e taxa de eficiência proteica (PER) foi estudado. Foi observado um aumento na taxa de crescimento com um aumento na concentração de proteína de até 45%. Os alevinos alimentados com dieta de 45% de proteína apresentaram o maior crescimento, seguidos de 50%, 40% e 35%. O valor de SGR foi maior para dieta com 45% de proteína (8,56), seguido de 50% e 40%, enquanto os menores valores foram observados para ração com 35% de proteína (1,57). A mesma tendência foi observada para FCE. Os maiores valores de PER foram observados em peixes alimentados com 45% de ração à base de proteína (0,65), seguido por 50% (0,56), 40% (0,38) e 35% (0,17). A taxa de conversão alimentar foi menor para a dieta com 45% de proteína (3,41), enquanto a maior para a dieta com 35% de proteína (16,85). Concluiu-se que a dieta à base de proteína de 45% foi a melhor formulação alimentar para maior produção de Tor putitora. No entanto, a pesquisa sobre a mesma porcentagem de dieta proteica é recomendada para animais de um ano.

Abstract For the proper growth of fish, it is necessary to feed the fish with a proper and balanced diet. A study was conducted to find out the effect of different protein-based diets on fingerlings of Tor putitora (mahseer). A feed with dietary protein levels of 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% were prepared. The effect of different protein-based feed on weight gain, standard growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), percent weight gain, food conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) was studied. An increase was observed in the growth rate with an increase in protein concentration up to 45%. The fingerlings fed a 45% protein diet shown the highest growth, followed by 50%, 40%, and 35%. The SGR value was greatest for 45% protein diet (8.56) followed by 50% and 40%, while the least values were observed for 35% protein feed (1.57). The same trend was observed for FCE. The highest PER values was observed in fishes fed 45% protein-based feed (0.65) followed by 50% (0.56), 40% (0.38) and35% (0.17). The food conversion ratio was lowest for 45% protein diet (3.41), while the greatest for 35% protein feed (16.85). It was concluded that a 45% protein-based diet was the best feed formulation for higher production of Tor putitora. However, research on the same percentage of protein diet is recommended for yearlings.

Abstract Introduction Varying public views on cannabis use across countries may explain the variation in the prevalence of use, policies, and research in individual countries, and global regulation of cannabis. This paper aims to describe the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2020. Searches were conducted using the relevant country of interest as a search term (e.g., “Iran”), as well as relevant predefined keywords such as “cannabis,” “marijuana,” “hashish,” “bhang “dual diagnosis,” “use,” “addiction,” “prevalence,” “co-morbidity,” “substance use disorder,” “legalization” or “policy” (in English and non-English languages). These keywords were used in multiple combinations to create the search string for studies’ titles and abstracts. Official websites of respective governments and international organizations were also searched in English and non-English languages (using countries national languages) to identify the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research in each of those countries. Results The main findings were inconsistent and heterogeneous reporting of cannabis use, variation in policies (e.g., legalization), and variation in intervention strategies across the countries reviewed. European countries dominate the cannabis research output indexed on PubMed, in contrast to Asian countries (Thailand, Malaysia, India, Iran, and Nepal). Conclusions Although global cannabis regulation is ongoing, the existing heterogeneities across countries in terms of policies and epidemiology can increase the burden of cannabis use disorders disproportionately and unpredictably. There is an urgent need to develop global strategies to address these cross-country barriers to improve early detection, prevention, and interventions for cannabis use and related disorders.

Resumen La radioterapia es parte del tratamiento multidisciplinario del cáncer de mama y recientemente se han expandido sus indicaciones. Existe una asociación entre radioterapia posmastectomía y malos resultados reconstructivos, ya que aumenta la tasa de complicaciones. El tiempo idóneo para dar radioterapia posmastectomía sigue sin estar definido y existen tres algoritmos generales para indicar esta adyuvancia: 1) directamente al implante; 2) al expansor tisular después del primer tiempo, o 3) al implante definitivo después del segundo tiempo. En el contexto reconstructivo se debe considerar que la radioterapia es una parte integral del tratamiento y hasta el momento no existe una recomendación definitiva.

Abstract Radiation therapy is part of the multidisciplinary plan for breast cancer care and recently, its indications have expanded. There is an association between postmastectomy radiotherapy and poor reconstructive outcomes given the increased risk for complications. The optimal timing for postmastectomy radiotherapy remains unclear and there are three general algorithms for this adjuvant therapy. 1) Direct to implant. 2) To tissue expander after first stage of reconstruction or 3) To implant after second stage of reconstruction. In the context of reconstructive surgery, it should be considered that radiotherapy is part of the global treatment and that there is no definitive recommendation at the moment.

Abstract Immediate breast reconstruction procedures are performed when allowed by oncological criteria and patient characteristics, in order to obtain results with adequate volume, shape, projection and conservation of the nipple areola complex. This paper presents a case report and the description of a multiplanar surgical technique (skin, muscle, acellular dermal matrix, dermal flap and fat), which provides a better post-mastectomy skin coverage without compromising the oncologic outcome.

Resumen Los procedimientos de reconstrucción inmediata se realizan cuando el criterio oncológico y las características de la paciente lo permiten, con el objetivo de obtener un resultado con un adecuado volumen, forma, proyección y conservación del complejo areola pezón. Se realiza la descripción de un caso clínico y una técnica quirúrgica multiplanar (piel, músculo, dermis acelular, colgajo autólogo de dermis y grasa) que confiere un mejor contorno de la cubierta cutánea posmastectomía sin comprometer el resultado oncológico.

Abstract In this work, we present some results on the existence of attractive solutions of fractional differential equations of the ѱ-Hilfer hybrid type. The results on the existence of solutions are a consequence of the Schauder fixed point theorem. Next, we prove that all solutions are uniformly locally attractive.

Resumen En este trabajo, presentamos algunos resultados sobre la existencia de soluciones atractivas de ecuaciones diferenciales fraccionarias de tipo ѱ-Hilfer híbridas. Los resultados de existencia de soluciones son consecuencia del teorema de punto fijo de Schauder. A continuación, probamos que todas las soluciones son uniformemente localmente atractivas.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory illness. The World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020 and called for collaborative efforts, such as contact tracing and promoting the public awareness about COVID-19, and recommended prevention and control measuresAIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of telephone counselling on the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) of contacts of COVID-19 confirmed cases towards COVID-19 epidemiology and infection prevention and control measuresSETTING: Ten areas in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt divided into six rural and four urban areasMETHODS: A non-randomised controlled trial was conducted in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from 26 March 2020 to 12 April 2020 on 208 contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, divided equally into two groups: an experiment group that was exposed to telephone counselling by the researchers and a control group that was exposed to routine surveillance by local health authority. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the KAP of both groups towards COVID-19 before and after interventionRESULTS: After intervention the percent of contacts who achieved good knowledge, positive attitudes and better practice scores in the experimental group was 91.3%, 57.8% and 71.2%, respectively, compared with 13.5%, 7.8% and 16.3%, respectively, in the control group. Male gender and working group were significantly associated with bad practice score. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between differences in knowledge, attitudes and practices of the experimental group before and after the interventionCONCLUSION: This study proved the effectiveness of telephone counselling in improving COVID-19-related KAP scores of contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases

RESUMO O crescimento de um plantio de eucalipto deve ser monitorado, para identificar fatores que influenciam o seu desenvolvimento, auxiliando na tomada de decisões para reduzir perdas de produtividade. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a influência da época de realização de replantios sobre a produtividade e o crescimento de povoamentos de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área da CENIBRA S.A. e implantado em um plantio comercial em agosto de 2011. A aplicação de herbicida e o controle de formigas, em área total, foram realizados antes do plantio, com mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis no espaçamento 3,0 × 2,5 m. A calagem (1.500 kg ha-1) foi realizada em área total antes do plantio e 100 g planta-1 de fertilizante NPK (06-30-06), aplicado imediatamente após o plantio. Quatro meses após a instalação do experimento, 300 kg ha-1 de NPK (06-10-29) foi aplicado. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro datas de replantio de mudas (0, 20, 40 e 80 dias após plantio) sem adubação complementar, e dois tratamentos (replantio com 40 e 80 dias do plantio) com adubação complementar de plantio (100 g planta-1 de NPK 06-30-06) O volume individual das árvores replantadas foi 46,6% inferior ao das não replantadas. Os tratamentos com adubação complementar de plantio não diferiram (p > 0,05) pelo teste t. Conclui-se que quanto maior o intervalo de tempo entre o plantio e o replantio, menor é o volume individual da árvore replantada e que a realização de adubação complementar em mudas de replantio não favorece o crescimento dessas.

ABSTRACT The growth of an eucalypt plantation should be monitored to identify factors that influence its development, helping in the decision-making process, aiming to reduce productivity losses. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the age of replanting on the yield and growth of eucalypt stands. The experiment was conducted in an area of CENIBRA S.A. Company, and established in a commercial plantation in August 2011. The application of herbicide and the ant control were performed in total area before planting. Seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis clones in 3.0 × 2.5 m spacing were used. Limestone (1,500 kg ha-1) was applied in total area before planting and 100 g plant-1 of NPK fertilizer (06-30-06) was applied immediately after planting. Four months after the installation of the experiment, 300 kg ha-1 of NPK (06-10-29) was applied. Treatments consisted of four dates of seedling replanting (0, 20, 40 and 80 days after planting) without complementary fertilization, and two treatments (replanting 40 and 80 days after planting) with supplementary fertilization (100g plant-1 NPK 06-30-06). The individual volume of replanting trees was 46.6% lower than of non-replanted ones. Treatments with complementary planting fertilization did not differ (p > 0.05) by the T-test. It is concluded that the longer the time between planting and replanting, the smaller the individual volume of the replanting trees and that the complementary fertilization in seedlings replanted does not favor their growth.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de aleloquímicos como sustitutos baratos y amigables con el ambiente para el manejo de hierbas en plantaciones es un tema central actualmente. Objetivo: En el presente estudio se midió la actividad alelopática de 73 hierbas en Pakistán a través de los métodos “sandwich” y “dish pack”, con el fin de investigar los compuestos aleloquímicos más importantes en las hierbas analizadas. Métodos: A través del método “sandwich” se determinaron los efectos alelopáticos de los lixiviados de hojas en las hierbas analizadas, mientras que el efecto alelopático volátil a través de la técnica “dish pack”. Para investigar el potencial aleloquímico de Melilotus indicus se aplicaron técnicas fitoquímicas tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas. El análisis estadístico de los datos describió el efecto alelopático de 73 especies de hierbas sobre el crecimiento radicular y del hipocótilo en plántulas de lechuga. Resultados: El porcentaje de elongación radicular y del hipocotilo varió entre 0-74 % hasta 0-148 % y 0-75 % hasta 0-84 % respectivamente, con una concentración de 10 mg de polvo de planta seca con el método “sandwich”. Además, fue entre 2-234 % y 7-150 % con el método “dish pack”. Entre las plantas analizadas para actividad fitotóxica, M. indicus presentó los aleloquímicos más fuertes. Los análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos de M. indicus mostraron la presencia de flavonoides y compuestos fenólicos, junto con otros aleloquímicos. Conclusiones: Las hierbas seleccionadas pueden tener un potencial aleloquímico fuerte que ayude al desarrollo de compuestos bioactivos de plantas, para usar como hierbicidas y pesticidas naturales en el manejo sostenible de plagas y malas hierbas.

Abstract Introduction: Use of allelochemicals as inexpensive, biodegradable and eco-friendly substitutes for the management of weeds in crops is a central topic nowadays. Objective: The current study represented the comprehensive screening of allelopathic activity of 73 weeds in Pakistan by the Sandwich method and dish pack method. To investigate the allelochemical compound in top most allelopathic weed. Methods: Allelopathic effects of selected weeds leaves leachate were determined through sandwich technique, while volatile allelopathic effects through dish pack techniques. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical techniques were applied to investigate allelochemical potential of Melilotus indicus. The statistical analysis of the data described the allelopathic effect of 73 weed plants on lettuce seedling growth in terms of radicle and hypocotyl elongation. Results: Elongation percentage of radicle and hypocotyl ranged 0-74 % to 0-148 % and 0-75 % to 0-84 % respectively at 10 mg concentration of dry plant powder in sandwich method while it was 2-234 % and 7-150 % at in Dish Pack method. Among the plants screened for phytotoxic activity, M. indicus contained the strongest allelochemicals. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of M. indicus showed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compound along with other allelochemical. Conclusions: Selected weeds may have strong allelochemical potential that can help in the development of bioactive compounds from plant species to be used as natural herbicides and pesticides for sustainable management of weeds and pest.

South Africa remains challenged with a high tuberculosis burden accompanied by an increase in drug resistant cases. We assessed the use of the Illumina MiSeq, a next-generation sequencing platform for whole genome sequencing, followed by bioinformatic analysis using a commercial software package to determine resistance to selected drugs used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment in our setting. Whole genome sequencing shows potential as a diagnostic platform for the detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the provision of information for several drugs simultaneously.

Resumo Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência, fatores associados, achados laboratoriais (com e sem coinfecção com retrovírus) em gatos naturalmente infectados por hemoplasmas no Nordeste do Brasil. Selecionou-se, por conveniência, 200 gatos domiciliados, hígidos, sendo colhidas amostras de sangue para realização do hemograma, bioquímica sérica, imunocromatografia e nested-PCR para FIV e FeLV, e PCR para identificação dos hemoplasmas. Uma entrevista foi realizada para determinação dos fatores associados aos hemoplasmas. A frequência de positividade foi de 35,5% (71/200). Infecções isoladas foram observadas em 12,5% dos animais para 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 12% para Mycoplasma haemofelis e 3% para 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Quanto a co-positividades, 2% dos animais foram positivos para M. haemofelis e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 1,5% foram positivos para M. haemofelis e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis', e 4,5% foram positivos para 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Não foram observadas alterações clínicas ou laboratoriais nos animais positivos para retrovírus e hemoplasmas, concomitantemente. A região periurbana foi identificada como fator de risco associado a M. haemofelis. Enquanto o contato com outros gatos e a infecção por 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' foi associado à 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. Este estudo indica que a presença dos agentes da micoplasmose hemotrópica felina é comum no Nordeste brasileiro.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence, factors associated, laboratory findings (with and without coinfection by retroviruses) among naturally infected cats by hemoplasmas in northeastern Brazil. For convenience, 200 domesticated and healthy cats were selected. Blood samples were taken to perform complete blood counts, serum biochemical, immunochromatography tests and nPCR for FIV and FeLV, and PCR for hemoplasma recognition. An interview was conducted to determine the factors associated with hemoplasmas. A total of 71/200 (35.5%) cats were positive for at least one hemoplasma species. Isolated infections were observed in 12,5% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 12% for Mycoplasma haemofelis and 3% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Regarding copositivity, 2% of the animals were positive for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 1.5% for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis', and 4.5% for ' Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. No clinical and laboratory changes were observed in the animals that were concomitantly positive for retroviruses and hemoplasmas. Periurban region cats were more likely to be infected by M. haemofelis, while contact with other cats and infection by ' Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' were associated with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. This study indicates that infection by hemoplasmas is a common find in cats from northeastern Brazil.

Some simple reactions using commercially available chemicals were used in the preparation of new biologically remarkable quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives. Several steps performed on 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline resulted in a quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivative, which reacted with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) to produce an enamine. Transamination of this enamine with anilines gave the fused 1,2-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]quinoxaline 5,10-dioxide derivatives via an addition-elimination mechanism. Basic condensation reaction of quinoxaline active methyl afforded unexpected decarboxylated arylidene derivatives by using different aromatic aldehydes. Bridged oxadiazol-2-yl derivatives were obtained from the reaction of a hydrazide derivative with carbon disulfide and p-nitrobenzoic acid respectively. Whereas, acidic condensation of that hydrazide with aromatic aldehydes afforded the arylidene hydrazides.

The chemical composition of Jatropha curcas seeds oil was determined using chromatography gas (GC/MS) analysis after the esterification of fatty acids to methyl ester (FAME). The obtained results show that the average yield of Jatropha curcas seeds oil reached a maximum value of 50%. The seeds oil fatty acids carbon chain was composed of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acids reached a value of 77%.The new developed formulation containing Jatropha curcas seeds oil (labeled as JAC) was tested as a friendly iron corrosion inhibitor in an acidic medium by potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The surface analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical measurements show that the JAC formulation is a mixed type inhibitor. The obtained inhibition efficiency results increase with higher inhibitor concentrations, to attain a maximum value of 97% at 250 ppm. Furthermore, the protective effect is reinforced by increasing the immersion time and the rotation speed of the working electrode.