Abstract Colleters are glandular structures related to young shoots protection. In several Angiosperm families, as in Rubiaceae colleters are taxonomically important. This study reports presence, location, morpho-anatomical structure, ontogeny and histochemistry of colleters in vegetative and reproductive organs in 6 species of Cephalanthus and 20 species representatives of the tribe Naucleeae. Primarily based on their color and their secretion color, they were classified into light (LC) and dark (DC) colleters. The LC are exclusive to the inner side of the stipule, while the DC are found in several vegetative and reproductive organs. Histochemical studies revealed that higher mucilage and phenol content in DC could explain the dark color secretion. Results were analyzed at genus, tribe and subtribe levels, evidencing the taxonomic relevance in the family. Finally, the presence of corolline colleters in angiosperm flowers was reviewed. It was confirmed that, besides Cephalanthus, they are only present in Adenoa (Passifloraceae) and Chamaecrista (Fabaceae). Therefore, structures described as colleters in Nerium (Apocynaceae) and Cuscuta (Cuscutaceae) corollas do not correspond to colleters. This proves that corolline colleter is a rare character in Angiosperms. To conclude we provide a record of presence/absence, type and distribution of corolline colleters in an Angiosperm phylogenetic tree.

Resumo Rubiaceae é uma das cinco famílias mais ricas em espécies de Angiospermas, suas flores são caracterizadas por um disco nectarífero ao redor do estilete. No entanto, quase não há estudos sobre a anatomia destas estruturas na família. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever pela primeira vez a anatomia dos nectários na tribo Gardenieae (Rubiaceae). Flores de Cordiera concolor, Genipa americana, Randia calycina, Randia ferox, Randia heteromera, Randia micracantha e Tocoyena formosa foram coletadas, fotografadas e fixadas. Os nectários foram processados utilizando técnicas convencionais de observação em microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Em todas as flores o nectário é histologicamente diferenciado em epiderme, parênquima nectarífero, parênquima subnectarífero e traços vasculares. O néctar é exsudado através de estômatos. Os nectários tem função reprodutiva e são estruturados e mesenquimais na fase floral. Após a queda da corola são nectários persistentes com secreção pós-floral e função extranupcial. Também foram registados os visitantes florais que apareceram em flores abertas e após a queda da corola.

Abstract Rubiaceae is one of the five most species-rich families of Angiosperm, its flowers are characterized by a nectariferous disc surrounding the base of the style; however, there are almost no studies on anatomy of these structures in the family. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time the anatomy of the floral nectaries in the tribe Gardenieae (Rubiaceae). Flowers from Cordiera concolor, Genipa americana, Randia calycina, Randia ferox, Randia heteromera, Randia micracantha, and Tocoyena formosawere collected, photographed, and processed using conventional techniques for observation with optical and scanning electron microscopies. In all species the nectary is differentiated histologically into epidermis, nectary and sub-nectary parenchyma, and vascular bundles. Nectar is exuded via nectarostomata. The nectaries have reproductive function, and are structural and mesenchymal during the floral stage. Whereas after corolla has fallen they are persistent nectaries, with post-floral secretion and extranuptial function. In addition, floral visitors that appeared on open flowers and after corolla fall were recorded.

Resumo O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu representa o maior fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Interior do estado do Paraná. Sua vegetação é predominantemente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, nas áreas de Foz do Iguaçu e Capanema e uma transição desta com Floresta Ombrófila Mista, na Área de Céu Azul. Este trabalho teve por objetivo reconhecer os gêneros e espécies de Rubiaceae com ocorrência no Parque, através de coletas mensais de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2014, complementadas com coletas esporádicas de maio de 2018 a abril 2019. Foram encontradas 35 espécies, pertencentes a 19 gêneros. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Palicourea e Psychotria com cinco espécies, Galianthe, Manettia, Borreria com três, Geophila e Coccocypselum com duas e os demais gêneros com apenas uma espécie cada. As áreas com maiores riquezas de espécies foram Foz do Iguaçu, com 24, sendo quatro exclusivas desta área, seguidas de Céu Azul com 22 espécies, das quais oito são exclusivas. Das 35 espécies encontradas sete ocorrem em todas as áreas e em ambas as formações florestais, sete ocorrem só na área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista e 20 ocorrem somente na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Destacam-se ainda Borreria orientalis por ter uma distribuição restrita no Brasil, apenas no Paraná e Manettia tweedieana por ser considerada “Em Perigo” de extinção.

Abstract Iguaçu National Park represents the largest fragment of Inland Atlantic Rainforest of Paraná state. The vegetation is predominantly seasonal semideciduous forest, in the areas of Foz do Iguaçu and Capanema and a transition of this with Araucaria forest, in the Céu Azul area. This work aimed to recognize the genera and species of Rubiaceae occurring in the Park, through monthly collections from August 2013 to July 2014, supplemented with sporadic collections from May 2018 to April 2019. Thirty-five species were recorded, belonging to 19 genera. The most representative genera were Palicourea and Psychotria with five species, Galianthe, Manettia, Borreria with three, Geophila and Coccocypselum with two, and the other genera with only one species each. The areas with the major species richness were Foz do Iguaçu, with 24, of which four are exclusive to this area, followed by Céu Azul with 22 species, of which eight are exclusive. Of the 35 species recorded, seven occur in all areas and in both forest formations, seven occur only in the Araucaria forest area, and 20 occur only in the seasonal semideciduous forest. Borreria orientalis is highlighted due to its restricted distribution in Brazil, occurring only in Paraná, and Manettia tweedieana is considered endangered.

Resumo Cephalanthus glabratus é uma espécie imperfeitamente conhecida da família Rubiaceae. Esta é uma planta medicinal muito utilizada pelos habitantes locais em sua área de distribuição, porém até agora tem recebido escassa atenção da comunidade científica, o qual é evidenciado na escassa literatura que trata do táxon. A espécie é um arbusto muito ramificado, com folhas verticiladas, inflorescências em glomérulos, fruto esquizocárpico, uma semente por mericarpo, e sementes com um estrofiolo proeminente e esponjoso. A espécie cresce somente em vegetação de áreas baixas alagáveis e está sempre relacionada às bacias dos principais rios da região, Paraguai, Paraná, Uruguai e Rio da Prata, e, portanto, é fortemente ameaçada pelas atividades humanas ao longo delas (hidrelétricas, desmatamento, avanços das áreas urbanas, redução das zonas úmidas etc.). Seguindo as diretrizes da IUCN e baseado em todos os dados disponíveis de distribuição, classificamos como NT (Near Threatened, quase ameaçada). Apesar de que gênero foi taxonomicamente revisado, a nomenclatura do tipo de Cephalanthus glabratus não foi por enquanto corretamente estudada, portanto, é revisada aqui. Uma descrição detalhada, dados ecológicos e de distribuição são adicionalmente fornecidos.

Abstract Cephalanthus glabratus is an imperfectly known species of the family Rubiaceae. It is a medicinal plant widely used by the locals in its area of distribution, however until now it has received little attention from the scientific community, which is evidenced in the few articles treating the species. The species is a much-branched shrub, with whorled leaves, glomeriform inflorescences, schizocarpic fruits with 1-seeded mericarps, and seeds with a large spongy strophiole. It grows only in the vegetation of the lowlands and is always related to the basins of the main rivers of the region, Paraguay, Paraná, Uruguay and Río de la Plata, and therefore is strongly threatened by the human activities along them (hydroelectric dams, deforestation, advances of urban areas, reduction of the wetlands, etc.). Following IUCN guidelines and all available distributional data, we rated it NT (Near Threatened). Despite the fact that the genus was taxonomically revised, the nomenclatural type of Cephalanthus glabratus was not correctly clarified, so we have done so here. A detailed description, ecological and distributional data are provided.

Abstract Background: Currently, a double-J catheter is placed in 70% of patients that undergo ureteroscopy because it is believed to decrease obstruction secondary to ureteral edema or stone fragments. However, catheter placement is not innocuous, given that it can result in a variety of side effects, such as urinary frequency, urgency, hematuria, dysuria, and tenesmus, as well as increase costs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate current double-J catheter management in patients after ureteroscopy and the associated postoperative symptoms. Materials and methods: A retrospective study analyzing ureteroscopies performed at the Hospital Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez throughout 2017 on patients above 18 years of age was conducted. Urology service re-admission frequency during the first postoperative week, the symptoms associated with double-J catheter use, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 105 ureteroscopies were registered. Male sex was predominant (55%) and semirigid ureteroscopies were the most prevalent procedures (71%). A double-J catheter was preoperatively placed in 69 patients and postoperatively placed in 41 patients. During follow-up, the patients with double-J catheter placement presented with associated symptoms warranting an emergency room visit. Pollakiuria was the only significant association found (p=0.001). Ninety-five patients were stone-free, 61 (64.2%) of whom had double-J catheter placement. Two patients with no catheter presented with residual stones. Conclusions: Of the 61 patients with double-J catheter, 57 (82%) presented with at least one symptom related to catheter placement. A total of 64.2% patients with a double-J catheter had uncomplicated ureteroscopy. Therefore, we believe it is necessary to conduct a randomized, prospective study with a larger number of patients to confirm the previously reported results and more clearly and objectively establish the indications for double-J catheter use at our hospital.

Resumen Antecedentes: Actualmente el 70% de los pacientes operados de ureteroscopia reciben colocación de catéter doble J debido a que se cree que disminuye la obstrucción secundaria a edema ureteral o a fragmentos de lito, pero la colocación no es inocua, ya que conlleva una gran variedad de efectos secundarios como frecuencia, urgencia, hematuria, disuria y tenesmo, así como un impacto económico. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el manejo actual del catéter doble J en pacientes posoperados de ureteroscopia y los síntomas posquirúrgicos asociados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de ureteroscopias realizadas en el Hospital Dr. Manuel Gea González durante el 2017 en pacientes mayores a 18 años. Se analizaron las frecuencias en readmisiones al servicio de urgencias durante la primera semana posoperatoria y los síntomas asociados al uso de catéter doble J, así como complicaciones posoperatorias. Resultados: Se registraron 105 ureteroscopias. El sexo masculino fue el predominante en hasta 55%; las ureteroscopias semirrígidas fueron las más prevalentes con un 71%. Se colocó preoperatoriamente catéter doble J en 69 pacientes y posoperatoriamente se colocaron en 41 pacientes. Durante el seguimiento los pacientes con colocación de catéter JJ refirieron síntomas asociados a la colocación del catéter, lo cual ameritó visita a urgencias, encontrando únicamente asociación significativa para polaquiuria (p=0.001). Se obtuvo un total de 95 pacientes libre de litiasis, de los cuales a 61 (64.2%) se les colocó catéter doble J y 2 quedaron con litiasis residual y sin catéter. Conclusiones: De los 61 pacientes que se les colocó catéter doble J, 57 (82%) presentaron al menos un síntoma relacionado con el catéter; el 64.2% fueron ureteroscopias no complicadas a las cuales se les colocaron catéter doble J, por lo que creemos necesario realizar un estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado con un mayor número de pacientes para confirmar los resultados previamente reportados y establecer de manera más clara y objetiva las indicaciones para el uso del catéter doble J en nuestro hospital.

Abstract Background: Cancer of the penis accounts for less than 1% of all cancers affecting males. Nevertheless, it has a huge impact on the patients that present with it. Objective: To report on the quality of life, erectile function, and perception of self-esteem in patients that underwent partial phallectomy due to cancer of the penis. Materials and methods: An analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted that included 10 postoperative partial phallectomy patients. They were evaluated through the EORTC-QLQ-30 questionnaire (validated for the Mexican population), the International Index of Erectile Function-Short Form (IIEF-5), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES). Results: The quality of life results, evaluated through the EORTC-QLQ-30 questionnaire, were lower than those for the general population in all 10 patients. In the IIEF-5 sexual activity evaluations, 5 of the 10 patients were sexually inactive, one patient had no deterioration of sexual activity, one patient had mild deterioration, and 3 patients had mild-to-moderate deterioration. Self-esteem, evaluated by the SES, was above average in 8 of the 10 patients, average in one patient, and below average in one patient. Conclusions: The results of the present study, determined through different scales, indicated that partial phallectomy as treatment for cancer of the penis affected patient quality of life and had repercussions on sexual function. Nevertheless, the self-esteem of the patients, despite their condition, was not affected and was even above average.

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer de pene representa menos del 1% del total de cánceres que afectan al género masculino; sin embargo, implica un gran impacto para el paciente por lo que esto representa. Objetivo: Reportar la calidad de vida, función eréctil y percepción de autoestima de los pacientes sometidos a falectomía parcial por cáncer de pene. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico de cohorte transversal. A 10 pacientes posoperados se les aplicó el cuestionario EORTC-QLQ-30 (validado para población mexicana), Índice Internacional de Función Eréctil 5 y SES (Cuestionario de Autoestima de Rosenberg). Resultados: De los 10 pacientes, la calidad de vida, evaluada con el cuestionario EORTC-QLQ-30, fue menor que los resultados de la población general; la actividad sexual, evaluada por la Escala IIEF-5, 5 de 10 pacientes eran sexualmente inactivos, 1 no tuvo deterioro, 1 tuvo un deterioro leve y 3 un deterioro leve-moderado; el autoestima, evaluada por la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, 8 de 10 pacientes presentaron un autoestima arriba del promedio, 1 dentro del promedio y 1 baja autoestima. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos, evaluados según las distintas escalas, indican que la Falectomía Parcial como tratamiento de Cáncer de Pene, afecta la calidad de vida y puede tener repercusiones respecto a la función sexual, sin embargo, la autoestima, pese a la condición de los pacientes, se muestra sin afección, incluso, mejor que el promedio.

Abstract The state of Zacatecas is one of the most important onion producing regions in Mexico. The yellow iris spot virus (IYSV) was detected in this area affecting commercial plots of this vegetable. The onion seedlings are produced in seedlings with low technology that could allow the infestation of thrips and consequently viral infection. The objective of this work was to detect the presence of the yellow spot virus in onion seedlings in Zacatecas, Mexico and to determine the correlation between the absorbance readings and the detection frequency of the IYSV. Samples of onion seedlings were obtained from 30 seedlings and a tissue sample from each seedling was analyzed by DAS-ELISA to detect the presence of the virus. No lesions were found caused by the IYSV, however, at least one seedling was positive to the virus in 90% of the seedlings sampled. The incidence of IYSV within seedlings varied between 8.3 and 100%. No clear correlation was found between the absorbance values of DAS-ELISA and the incidence of the virus.

Resumen El estado de Zacatecas es una de las más importantes regiones productoras de cebolla en México. El virus de la mancha amarilla del iris (IYSV) fue detectado en ésta área afectando parcelas comerciales de ésta hortaliza. Las plántulas de cebolla son producidas en almácigos con baja tecnología que podría permitir la infestación de trips y por consiguiente la infección viral. El propósito de éste trabajo fue detectar la presencia del virus de la mancha amarilla del iris en almácigos de cebolla en Zacatecas, México así como determinar la correlación entre las lecturas de absorbancia y la frecuencia de detección del IYSV. Muestras de plántulas de cebolla fueron obtenidas de 30 almácigos y una muestra de tejido de cada plántula fue analizado por DAS-ELISA para detectar la presencia del virus. No se encontraron lesiones provocadas por el IYSV, sin embargo, por lo menos una plántula fue positiva al virus en el 90% de los almácigos muestreados. La incidencia del IYSV dentro de los almácigos varió entre 8.3 y 100%. No se encontró una clara correlación entre los valores de absorbancia de DAS-ELISA y la incidencia del virus.

This work deals with a taxonomic study of the genus Borreria (Rubiaceae) for the state of Bahia, 29 species are recorded. Most of these species are distributed in the cerrado and Atlantic forest biomes. Two new species are described and illustrated, Borreria catolensis E.L. Cabral & L.M. Miguel and Borreria diamantinae R.M. Salas & E.L. Cabral. Th e new combination Borreria schumannii (Standl. ex Bacigalupo) E.L. Cabral & Sobrado is proposed. Neotype is designated for B. virgata. Epitype is designated for B. scabiosoides and lectotypes are designated for B. eryngioides and B. humifusa. A key for identification, comments on geographic distribution and habitats are provided, maps and a table with the species distribution for biomes are also included. Borreria crispata, B. cupularis, B. humifusa, B. virgata and B. wunschmannii are illustrated for the first time. The identities of B. ocymoides and B. prostrata are discussed; the fi rst species is also illustrated. Borreria virgata and B. spinosa are reinstated. Two figures with representative photographs of 20 species are included.

El presente trabajo trata del estudio taxonómico del género Borreria (Rubiaceae) para el estado de Bahia, siendo registradas 29 especies. La mayor parte de estas especies habitan en los biomas del cerrado y la mata atlántica. Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas, Borreria catolensis E.L. Cabral & L.M. Miguel y B. diamantinae R.M. Salas & E.L. Cabral. Se realiza la nueva combinación, Borreria schumannii (Standl. ex Bacigalupo) E.L. Cabral & Sobrado. Se selecciona neotipo para B. virgata. Se elige epitipo para B. scabiosoides y se designa lectotipos para B. eryngioides y B. humifusa. Se presenta clave de identificación, comentarios sobre distribución geográfica y hábitat, se incluyen mapas y un cuadro de distribución de las especies por bioma. Se presenta por primera vez ilustraciones de B. crispata, B. cupularis, B. humifusa, B. virgata y B. wunschmannii. Se discute las identidades de B. ocymoides y B. prostrata, la primera de las cuales es también ilustrada. Se rehabilitan a B. virgata y B. spinosa. Se incluye además dos figuras con 20 especies.