Abstract Objective: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. Method: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. Results: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. Conclusion: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de tuberculosis, coronavirus, condiciones crónicas y vulnerabilidades en inmigrantes y refugiados en Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, del tipo encuesta electrónica, realizado con migrantes internacionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para el análisis se aplicó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de posición y dispersión. En cuanto a las variables categóricas, se estimaron las frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: participaron del estudio 553 inmigrantes y refugiados, la prevalencia de tuberculosis era del 3,07%, de COVID-19 del 7,2% y de condiciones crónicas del 27,3%. Entre las vulnerabilidades, el 32% reportó desempleo, el 37,6% emigró a Brasil por la situación social de su país y el 33,6% vivía en un asilo o albergue. Conclusión: la tuberculosis, las enfermedades crónicas y el COVID-19 fueron más prevalentes en inmigrantes y refugiados que en la población general. Por tratarse de una población que aún tiene grandes dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y sistemas de protección social, el estudio contribuirá, con base en la evidencia, a las políticas públicas, la atención de enfermería y la incorporación de nuevas rutinas en el servicio.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de tuberculose, coronavírus, condições crônicas e vulnerabilidades entre migrantes e refugiados no Brasil. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito eletrônico, realizado com migrantes internacionais durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para a análise, aplicou-se estatística descritiva, com cálculo de medidas de posição e de dispersão. Quanto às variáveis categóricas, estimaram-se as frequências relativas e absolutas. Resultados: participaram do estudo 553 migrantes e refugiados, verificando-se prevalência de 3,07% de tuberculose, 7,2% de COVID-19 e 27,3% de condições crônicas. Entre as vulnerabilidades, 32% referiram desemprego, 37,6% mudaram para o Brasil em decorrência da situação social do seu país e 33,6% residiam em asilo e ou abrigo. Conclusão: a tuberculose, as doenças crônicas e a COVID-19 apresentaram maior prevalência em migrantes e refugiados que na população em geral. Por tratar-se de uma população ainda com grande dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde e aos sistemas de proteção social, o estudo subsidiará, com base em evidências, as políticas públicas, o atendimento do enfermeiro e a incorporação de novas rotinas no serviço.

Abstract Objective: To compare population characteristics and placental findings associated with stillbirth, in women with asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at the time of delivery. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study women with a diagnosis of stillbirth and with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with gynecological pathology and those with more than one RT-PCR test were excluded. Results: There is no statistically significant difference between patients with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to patients without infection for population characteristics such as maternal age, obstetric history, gestational age, education, marital status, smoking habit, chronic-degenerative diseases. There was no difference in placental findings of chorioamnionitis, vasculitis, deciduitis, thrombosis, acute atherosis, and fibrinoid necrosis. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference in the population and placental characteristics, in pregnant women diagnosed with stillbirth with and without confirmed asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. For the moment, we have insufficient data to affirm any population characteristic associated with stillbirth in patients with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar características poblacionales y hallazgos placentarios asociados a óbito, en mujeres con infección asintomática por coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2) al momento de la resolución del embarazo. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, mujeres con diagnóstico de óbito e infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2. Se excluyeron pacientes con patología ginecológica y aquellas con más de una prueba RT-PCR. Resultados: No hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las pacientes con infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 comparadas con pacientes sin infección para las características poblacionales como edad materna, antecedentes obstétricos, edad gestacional, escolaridad, estado civil, hábito tabáquico y enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Tampoco hubo diferencia en los hallazgos placentarios de corioamnionitis, vasculitis, deciduitis, trombosis, aterosis aguda y necrosis fibrinoide. Conclusiones: No hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las características poblacionales y placentarias en embarazadas con diagnóstico de óbito, con y sin infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2. Tenemos datos insuficientes para afirmar alguna característica asociada a óbito en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 asintomática.

Resumen: Introducción: existe poca información sobre la cantidad de anticuerpos anti-spike IgG para COVID-19 que se pasan al recién nacido mediante la vacunación a madres embarazadas. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico realizado en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Angeles Pedregal en el que se recolectaron recién nacidos de madres que cumplieran esquema de vacunación durante noviembre de 2021 a mayo de 2022. Resultados: fueron incluidos 106 recién nacidos. De las embarazadas 75.5% (80/106) tenían vacuna con mecanismo de ARNm. Presentaron el siguiente promedio de anticuerpos por vacuna: Moderna: 15,324.4, Sputnik: 13,498, Pfizer-BioNTech: 11,635 y AstraZeneca: 4,831.9. De acuerdo con el trimestre de gestación, fueron las siguientes cifras: primero: 6,395-15,020, segundo: 9,302-25,131 y tercero: 4,843-9,440. Recibir una dosis adicional de vacunación presenta los siguientes valores en comparación a los que no recibieron refuerzo: 18,235 vs 7,311, respectivamente. Conclusiones: es de vital importancia la vacunación de las embarazadas durante la gestación con cualquier tipo de vacuna. Se puede comprobar que el trimestre de gestación que mayor cantidad de anticuerpos pasa al recién nacido es el segundo trimestre. Recibir una dosis adicional de vacunación otorga un incremento importante en la cantidad de anticuerpos presentes al momento del nacimiento.

Abstract: Introduction: there is little information on the amount of anti-spike IgG antibodies for COVID-19 that are passed to the newborn through vaccination of pregnant mothers. Material and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out in the Neonatology Service of Hospital Angeles Pedregal, where newborns of mothers who complied with the vaccination schedule were collected from November 2021 to May 2022. Results: there were 106 patients where it was found that 75.5% (80/106) had a vaccine with an mRNA mechanism. They presented the following average number of antibodies per vaccine: Moderna (15,324.4), Sputnik (13,498), Pfizer-BioNTech (11,635), and AstraZeneca (4,831.9). According to trimester of pregnancy the following numbers were: first (6,395-15,020), second (9,302-25,131) and third (4,843-9,440). Receiving an additional dose of vaccination presents the following values compared to those who did not receive a booster (18,235 vs 7,311). Conclusions: it is vitally important to vaccinate pregnant women during pregnancy with any type of vaccine. It can be verified that the gestation trimester in which the greatest number of antibodies passes to the newborn is the second trimester. Receiving an additional dose of vaccination provides a significant increase in the number of antibodies present at birth.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o processo e as implicações epidemiológicas do georreferenciamento nas amostras do EpiFloripa Idoso (2009–2019). MÉTODO O estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso buscou investigar e acompanhar as condições de vida e saúde da população idosa (≥ 60) de Florianópolis em três ondas de estudo (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). Com uma ferramenta de geocodificação automática, os endereços residenciais foram espacializados, permitindo a investigação do efeito das perdas amostrais do georreferenciamento em relação a 19 variáveis, avaliadas nas três ondas. A influência de diferentes definições de vizinhança (setores censitários, buffers euclidianos e buffers pela rede de ruas) foi examinada nos resultados de sete variáveis: área, renda, densidade residencial, uso misto do solo, conectividade, contagem de unidades de saúde, e contagem de espaços livres públicos. Coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados para avaliar as diferenças entre as definições de vizinhança de acordo com três variáveis: renda contextual, densidade residencial e diversidade de uso do solo. RESULTADO As perdas impostas pela geocodificação (6%, n = 240) não ocasionaram diferença estatística significativa entre a amostra total e a georreferenciada. A análise das variáveis do estudo sugere que o processo de geocodificação pode ter incluído uma maior proporção de participantes com melhor nível de renda, escolaridade e condições de vida. Os coeficientes de correlação evidenciaram pouca correspondência entre medidas calculadas pelas três definições de vizinhança (r = 0,37–0,54). A diferença estatística entre as variáveis calculadas por buffers e setores censitários ressalta limitações no uso destes na descrição dos atributos geoespaciais. CONCLUSÃO Apesar dos desafios relacionados à geocodificação, como inconsistências nos endereços, adequados mecanismos de correção e verificação propiciaram elevada taxa de atribuição de coordenadas geográficas. Os achados sugerem que a adoção de buffers, favorecida pela geocodificação, representa uma potencialidade para análises epidemiológicas espaciais ao aprimorar a representação dos atributos do ambiente e a compreensão dos desfechos de saúde.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the process and epidemiological implications of georeferencing in EpiFloripa Aging samples (2009–2019). METHOD The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study sought to investigate and monitor the living and health conditions of the older adult population (≥ 60) of Florianópolis in three study waves (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). With an automatic geocoding tool, the residential addresses were spatialized, allowing to investigate the effect of the georeferencing sample losses regarding 19 variables, evaluated in the three waves. The influence of different neighborhood definitions (census tracts, Euclidean buffers, and buffers across the street network) was examined in the results of seven variables: area, income, residential density, mixed land use, connectivity, health unit count, and public open space count. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the differences between neighborhood definitions according to three variables: contextual income, residential density, and land use diversity. RESULT The losses imposed by geocoding (6%, n = 240) caused no statistically significant difference between the total sample and the geocoded sample. The analysis of the study variables suggests that the geocoding process may have included a higher proportion of participants with better income, education, and living conditions. The correlation coefficients showed little correspondence between measures calculated by the three neighborhood definitions (r = 0.37–0.54). The statistical difference between the variables calculated by buffers and census tracts highlights limitations in their use in the description of geospatial attributes. CONCLUSION Despite the challenges related to geocoding, such as inconsistencies in addresses, adequate correction and verification mechanisms provided a high rate of assignment of geographic coordinates, the findings suggest that adopting buffers, favored by geocoding, represents a potential for spatial epidemiological analyses by improving the representation of environmental attributes and the understanding of health outcomes.

Abstract Bioinvasions are one of the main causes of the decline of native biodiversity. Indothais lacera (Born, 1778) is a carnivorous gastropod, native to the Indo-Pacific. We present the first records of I. lacera on the Brazilian coast and the first record of this invasive species in the Western Atlantic. The specimens were found in two locations in the Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia state, northeast of Brazil. Live specimens were collected in the Itapagipe Peninsula, in Ribeira, Salvador, and dry samples (empty shells) were collected in the extreme north of Itaparica Island. Molecular analyses indicate that there was more than one event of introduction of I. lacera in the bay and alert to the potential impacts that this species can have on the benthic community in the region. We suspect that this exotic species is affecting a native population of Thaisella, which was previously locally abundant but has since become rare.

Abstract Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of mobile applications developed for intervention in suicide risk in adults. Method Searches for articles were carried out in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsychINFO). For the meta-analyses, we used fixed effect modelling to assess the primary outcome. The PROSPERO register is CRD42020163876. Results After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies remained in the systematic review, of which four were eligible to the meta-analysis. There was no difference, or a little tendency in favor of control condition (usual treatment) comparing with applications. Conclusion Applications can be as effective as standard treatments in reducing suicide ideation. The results should be interpreted with caution once all studies presented at least one bias in their study design.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia dos aplicativos desenvolvidos para intervenção no risco de suicídio em adultos. Método As buscas por artigos foram realizadas em quatro bancos de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e PsychINFO). Para a meta-análise, utilizamos modelagem de efeito fixo para avaliar o desfecho primário. O registro no PROSPERO é CRD42020163876. Resultados Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, seis estudos permaneceram na revisão sistemática, dos quais quatro foram elegíveis para a meta-análise. Não houve diferença, ou uma pequena tendência a favor da condição de controle (tratamento usual) em comparação com aplicativos. Conclusão Os aplicativos parecem ser tão eficazes quanto os tratamentos padrões na redução de ideação suicida. Os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela, pois todos os estudos apresentaram viés em seu desenho.

ABSTRACT: Methods in cognitive neuroscience can assist educational planning of teachers in the context of Special Education, as they favor personalized practices that value individual students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Intellectual Deficiency (ID). Therefore, this study aimed to verify the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in clinical naturalistic situation with children and young people with ASD and/or ID during teaching tasks. In addition, the study sought to identify training strategies so that children and young people use the equipment during the activity. Seven students diagnosed with ASD and/or ID were trained with mathematics, reading and emotional expressiveness, according to their respective previous educational curricula. Each participant was exposed to two tasks in each activity, one in which he/she already had a domain and one that needed support to issue an independent response. The results indicated the feasibility of using fNIRS in this natural context of the child and the young student and provided implicit measures beyond the observational arrangement measures and task error. This is an important demonstration of the feasibility of using fNIRS in experiments in the context of Special Education.

RESUMO: Métodos em neurociência cognitiva podem auxiliar o planejamento educacional de docentes no contexto da Educação Especial, por favorecerem práticas personalizadas que valorizem a velocidade individual de aprendizagem de estudantes com transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) e/ou deficiência intelectual (DI). Assim sendo, este estudo objetivou verificar a viabilidade de uso da Espectroscopia Funcional de Infravermelho Próximo (fNIRS) em situação naturalística clínica com crianças e jovens com TEA e/ou DI durante tarefas de ensino. Ademais, o estudo buscou identificar as estratégias de treino para que as crianças e os jovens utilizassem o equipamento durante a realização da atividade. Sete estudantes com diagnóstico de TEA e/ou DI foram treinados com atividades de matemática, leitura e expressividade emocional, de acordo com seus respectivos currículos educacionais prévios. Cada participante foi exposto a duas tarefas em cada atividade, uma na qual já apresentava domínio e outra que necessitava de apoio para emitir uma resposta independente. Os resultados indicaram a viabilidade de uso do fNIRS nesse contexto natural da criança e do jovem e forneceram medidas implícitas para além das medidas observacionais de acerto e erro na tarefa. Esta é uma importante demonstração da viabilidade do uso do fNIRS em experimentos no contexto da Educação Especial.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the process and epidemiological implications of georeferencing in EpiFloripa Aging samples (2009–2019). METHOD The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study sought to investigate and monitor the living and health conditions of the older adult population (≥ 60) of Florianópolis in three study waves (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). With an automatic geocoding tool, the residential addresses were spatialized, allowing to investigate the effect of the georeferencing sample losses regarding 19 variables, evaluated in the three waves. The influence of different neighborhood definitions (census tracts, Euclidean buffers, and buffers across the street network) was examined in the results of seven variables: area, income, residential density, mixed land use, connectivity, health unit count, and public open space count. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the differences between neighborhood definitions according to three variables: contextual income, residential density, and land use diversity. RESULT The losses imposed by geocoding (6%, n = 240) caused no statistically significant difference between the total sample and the geocoded sample. The analysis of the study variables suggests that the geocoding process may have included a higher proportion of participants with better income, education, and living conditions. The correlation coefficients showed little correspondence between measures calculated by the three neighborhood definitions (r = 0.37–0.54). The statistical difference between the variables calculated by buffers and census tracts highlights limitations in their use in the description of geospatial attributes. CONCLUSION Despite the challenges related to geocoding, such as inconsistencies in addresses, adequate correction and verification mechanisms provided a high rate of assignment of geographic coordinates, the findings suggest that adopting buffers, favored by geocoding, represents a potential for spatial epidemiological analyses by improving the representation of environmental attributes and the understanding of health outcomes.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o processo e as implicações epidemiológicas do georreferenciamento nas amostras do EpiFloripa Idoso (2009–2019). MÉTODO O estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso buscou investigar e acompanhar as condições de vida e saúde da população idosa (≥ 60) de Florianópolis em três ondas de estudo (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). Com uma ferramenta de geocodificação automática, os endereços residenciais foram espacializados, permitindo a investigação do efeito das perdas amostrais do georreferenciamento em relação a 19 variáveis, avaliadas nas três ondas. A influência de diferentes definições de vizinhança (setores censitários, buffers euclidianos e buffers pela rede de ruas) foi examinada nos resultados de sete variáveis: área, renda, densidade residencial, uso misto do solo, conectividade, contagem de unidades de saúde, e contagem de espaços livres públicos. Coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados para avaliar as diferenças entre as definições de vizinhança de acordo com três variáveis: renda contextual, densidade residencial e diversidade de uso do solo. RESULTADO As perdas impostas pela geocodificação (6%, n = 240) não ocasionaram diferença estatística significativa entre a amostra total e a georreferenciada. A análise das variáveis do estudo sugere que o processo de geocodificação pode ter incluído uma maior proporção de participantes com melhor nível de renda, escolaridade e condições de vida. Os coeficientes de correlação evidenciaram pouca correspondência entre medidas calculadas pelas três definições de vizinhança (r = 0,37–0,54). A diferença estatística entre as variáveis calculadas por buffers e setores censitários ressalta limitações no uso destes na descrição dos atributos geoespaciais. CONCLUSÃO Apesar dos desafios relacionados à geocodificação, como inconsistências nos endereços, adequados mecanismos de correção e verificação propiciaram elevada taxa de atribuição de coordenadas geográficas. Os achados sugerem que a adoção de buffers, favorecida pela geocodificação, representa uma potencialidade para análises epidemiológicas espaciais ao aprimorar a representação dos atributos do ambiente e a compreensão dos desfechos de saúde.

Abstract Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc.) is a shrub that grows in the arid zones of northern Mexico. This species is harvested for the purpose of extracting a wax that it produces in response to water stress. In order to authorize the harvesting of plants, it is necessary to estimate their biomass indirectly through predictive equations. The objective of this study was to generate allometric equations to estimate the biomass of candelilla based on morphometric variables. The work was carried out in the region of Aldama and Coyame del Sotol in northeastern Chihuahua, Mexico. A selective and destructive sampling of 198 individuals of candelilla was applied, which were obtained in ejidos with forest management programs in force. Four models and different combinations of biomass predictor variables were tested to fit the best equation. Variables were transformed to logarithmic scale. The Schumacher and Hall model was selected in the logarithmic form determined by the crown diameter and base diameter of the plant, since it exhibited the best statistical adjustments (R 2 adj =0.83), as well as by the root mean square of the error (RMSE=0.042), and the model parameters were significant (p<0.0001) in their correction of the regression assumptions. The equation thus obtained is reliable for estimating the biomass of candelilla in the northeastern state of Chihuahua, Mexico.

Resumen La candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) es un arbusto que crece en las zonas áridas del norte de México. Esta especie se cosecha para extraer una cera que produce como respuesta al estrés hídrico. Para autorizar la recolección de las plantas, es necesario realizar estimaciones indirectas mediante ecuaciones predictivas de su biomasa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue generar ecuaciones alométricas para estimar biomasa de candelilla a partir de variables morfométricas. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en la región de Aldama y Coyame del Sotol en el noreste de Chihuahua, México. Se aplicó un muestro selectivo y destructivo de 198 individuos de candelilla, los cuales se obtuvieron en ejidos con programas de manejo forestal vigente. Para ajustar la mejor ecuación se probaron cuatro modelos y diferentes combinaciones de variables predictoras de biomasa. Las variables se transformaron a escala logarítmica. Se seleccionó el modelo de Schumacher y Hall en la forma logarítmica con el uso del diámetro de copa y diámetro de la base de la planta, ya que fue el que presentó los mejores ajustes estadísticos (R 2 adj =0.83), la raíz del cuadrado medio del error (RCME=0.042), y los parámetros del modelo fueron significativos (p<0.0001) en su corrección de los supuestos de regresión. La ecuación obtenida es confiable para estimar biomasa de candelilla en el noreste del estado de Chihuahua, México.

RESUMEN Perú ha sido uno de los países más afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Luego de haber sufrido dos olas epidémicas devastadoras, el departamento de emergencia del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins mantuvo como reto la preparación, de forma constante y dinámica, para afrontar una tercera ola que ya azotó a muchos países del mundo. Para esto, el departamento se preparó en todos los ámbitos para contribuir a la reducción del impacto de la enfermedad, garantizando no solo la calidad en la atención, sino también la seguridad del personal de salud, modulando la carga laboral y mental generada por la sobredemanda de la pandemia. De esta manera, el departamento estuvo mejor preparado cuando ocurrió la tercera ola. En conclusión, la preparación constante y dinámica es fundamental para afrontar el aumento de casos; así como también, garantizar la seguridad y bienestar del personal de salud.

ABSTRACT Peru has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. After having suffered two devastating epidemic waves, the emergency department of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital maintained the challenge of constantly and dynamically preparing to face a third wave that has already hit many countries around the world. For this, the department prepared itself in all areas, to contribute to reducing the impact of the disease, guaranteeing not only the quality of care, but also the safety of health personnel, modulating the work and mental load generated by the pandemic over-demand. In this way, the department was better prepared when the third wave occurred. In conclusion, constant and dynamic preparation is essential to face the increase in cases; as well as to guarantee the safety and well- being of health personnel.

Abstract To preserve natural resources, reforestation with useful native species has been proposed. An example of the above is Myrtillocactus geometrizans, commonly known as garambullo. This cactus grows in arid areas of Mexico and its fruit is considered a nutraceutical food due to its high content of phytochemical compounds. Therefore, the purpose of the project here described was to assess two reforestation direct systems: with cuttings and with cuttings developed at a nursery. Specimens were selected according to the characteristics of the fruits and health conditions of the plant; as a result, 1 000 cuttings were obtained to use in direct reforestation and 1 000 cuttings to be developed in the nursery. There were five rustic nurseries under the same management conditions to produce garambullo plants, recording new structures (such as roots) and vigor of the cutting. Reforestation was carried out in the El Garabatillo community, Dolores Hidalgo municipality, state of Guanajuato, where the species grows naturally. In the case of direct reforestation, the survival of the plant was 70.3 % with good plant development, while the survival of the plant at the nursery was 90.6 % with good root growth at the time of planting in the field. It was determined that both systems (direct planting and nursery development) are reliable for reforesting lands with garambullo, especially in regions where the species naturally exists.

Resumen Para conservar los recursos naturales se ha propuesto la reforestación con especies nativas que tengan una utilidad. Ejemplo de lo anterior es Myrtillocactus geometrizans, conocido comúnmente como garambullo; esta cactácea crece en zonas áridas de México y su fruto se considera como un alimento nutraceútico por su alto contenido de compuestos fitoquímicos. Por ello, la finalidad del proyecto aquí descrito consistió en evaluar dos sistemas de reforestación directa, con esquejes y con esquejes desarrollados en vivero. Se seleccionaron ejemplares de acuerdo con las características de los frutos y condiciones de sanidad de la planta; como resultado se obtuvieron 1 000 esquejes para usarlos en reforestación directa y 1 000 esquejes para cultivarlos en vivero. Fueron cinco viveros rústicos bajo las mismas condiciones de manejo para producir planta de garambullo; se registró el desarrollo de estructuras nuevas (como raíces) y vigor del esqueje. La reforestación se realizó en la comunidad de El Garabatillo, municipio Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, donde crece la especie de forma natural. En el caso de la reforestación directa, la supervivencia de la planta fue de 70.3 % con una buena evolución de los ejemplares, mientras que la supervivencia de la planta en vivero fue de 90.6 % con un buen desarrollo radicular al momento de la plantación en campo. Se determinó que ambos sistemas (plantación directa y desarrollo en vivero) son confiables para reforestar predios con garambullo, sobre todo en regiones donde la especie existe en forma natural.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article summarizes the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis in the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). Objective: To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the management of patients with cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis in EsSalud. Methods: a guideline task force (GTF) was formed with internists, general surgeons, gastroenterologists, and methodologists. The group proposed 10 clinical questions to be answered in this Clinical practice guideline (CPG). Systematic searches of preview reviews were performed and when it was necessary, primary studies from PubMed and CENTRAL during 2017 were reviewed. The evidence was selected aiming to answer each proposed question. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodical work sessions, the group used GRADE methodology for reviewing the evidence and formulating recommendations, good clinical practice items and three flowcharts for diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the CPG was approved by Resolution Nº 046-IETSI-ESSALUD-2017. Results: This CPG approached 10 clinical questions divided into two topics: diagnosis and management. Based on these questions; one strong recommendation, five weak recommendations, and 17 good clinical practice items and three flowcharts were formulated. Conclusion: This paper abstracts the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis in EsSalud.

RESUMEN Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de los pacientes con colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para la evaluación y el manejo de pacientes con colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis en EsSalud. Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas en gastroenterología, cirujanos generales y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 10 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. En septiembre del 2017 se realizaron búsquedas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en PubMed. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder 10 preguntas clínicas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y el flujograma de evaluación y manejo. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 021-IETSIESSALUD-2018. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 10 preguntas clínicas sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 6 recomendaciones (5 recomendaciones condicionales y 1 recomendación fuerte), 17 puntos de buena práctica clínica y 3 flujogramas. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones de la GPC basadas en evidencias para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis de EsSalud.

Abstract Few studies have screened fresh orange juice for the presence of foodborne pathogens. This study therefore evaluated the microbiological quality and occurrence of Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (DEP) in fresh-squeezed orange juice purchased from street vendors in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. The general hygienic practices of street vendors were poor. All 100 samples analyzed were positive for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, with concentrations ranging from 2.41 to 6.03 log CFU/mL. A total of 90 (90%), 35 (35%), and 14 (14%) samples were positive for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli, respectively, present with concentrations ranging from < 1 to 4.84 log CFU/mL, < 3 to > 1,100 MPN/mL, and < 3 to 210 MPN/mL, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples, whereas Shigella sonnei was isolated from one sample. Two samples were positive for DEP; one harbored ETEC strains and the other STEC strains. Our results highlight the elevated risk for consumer health associated with the ingestion of fresh-squeezed orange juice.

Resumo Apresentamos o primeiro relato de infecção por Sarcoptes scabiei (Linnaeus, 1758) em uma raposa-do-deserto-Peruana Lycalopex sechurae. Sarcoptes scabiei é um ácaro que produz sarna sarcóptica, que pode levar à morte do animal hospedeiro e causar episódios epidêmicos em comunidades de vida selvagem. A raposa-do-deserto-Peruana foi recolhida pela polícia ambiental de um cidadão que denunciou o animal. O animal foi enviado para a Clinica Mansion Mascota em Guayaquil, Equador, para ser examinado por um veterinário especializado em vida selvagem. O exame físico imediato mostrou crostas na pele, e amostras de pele e sangue foram coletadas e analisadas. As amostras de pele foram examinadas na clínica usando um microscópio com aumento de 40x. Além disso, amostras de pele e sangue foram enviadas para um laboratório privado para análises posteriores. Ambas as análises foram positivas para infecção por S. scabiei. Este é o segundo relato de S. scabiei em um novo hospedeiro selvagem na província de Guayas, no Equador, em menos de um ano. Isto indica que existe transmissão comunitária biológica. Uma vez que animais domésticos e feroses são considerados disseminadores habituais dessa doença, recomenda-se o manejo por meio de procedimentos éticos, como adoção, tratamento médico e campanhas de castração, e projetos de conscientização com abordagem empática.

Abstract We present the first report of parasitism by Sarcoptes scabiei (Linnaeus, 1758), in a sechuran fox “Lycalopex sechurae”. Sarcoptes scabiei is a mite that produces sarcoptic mange, which can lead to the death of the animal host and can cause epidemic episodes in wildlife communities. The sechuran fox was collected by the environmental police from a citizen who reported the animal. It was sent to a veterinarian specializing in wildlife, “Clinica Mansion Mascota”, in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Immediate physical examination showed crusts on its skin, and samples of skin and blood were collected and analyzed. The skin samples were analyzed using a microscope at 40x magnification in the clinic. In addition, skin and blood samples were sent to a private laboratory for further analyses. Both analyses were positive for S. scabiei infection. It is the second report of S. scabiei in a new wildlife species in the Guayas province of Ecuador within less than a year. These events cause concern due the possibility of biological community transmission. Since domestic and feral animals are considered habitual spreaders of this disease, management through ethical procedures such as adoption, medical treatment and neutering campaigns, and awareness-raising projects with empathetic approach are recommended.