Resumen Antecedentes: Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) es endémica y tiene amplia distribución en México. Su apariencia morfológica y la evidencia molecular sugieren tres variedades (L. moziniana var. margaretiana, L. moziniana var. moziniana y L. moziniana var. oaxacana). Hipótesis: Lycianthes moziniana se integra por linajes independientes que corresponden a las tres variedades. Especie de estudio: Lycianthes moziniana (Dunal) Bitter. Sitio de estudio y fechas: México desde 2017 hasta 2021. Métodos: Medimos 11 caracteres de 207 especímenes de herbario. Las diferencias se evaluaron con Análisis Canónico Discriminante (ACD), Distancia al Cuadrado de Mahalanobis (DM) y Análisis Clasificatorio Canónico (ACC). Para las preferencias y divergencias geográficas y climáticas, utilizamos 288 registros y cuatro capas. Resultados: Dos funciones canónicas explicaron el 100 % de la variación morfológica y siete caracteres mostraron poder discriminatorio. Los valores de DM fueron estadísticamente significativos. En tanto, el ACC recuperó tres grupos por encima del 77 %. La evidencia morfológica demostró la distinción de L. moziniana var. moziniana. En contraste, L. moziniana var. margaretiana y L. moziniana var. oaxacana fueron morfológicamente similares. La prueba de identidad mostró diferencias significativas entre los Modelos de Nicho Ecológico (MNE). La evidencia reveló el aislamiento geográfico y climático. Lycianthes moziniana var. moziniana está muy extendida y tiene superposición intermedia con las otras dos variedades. En tanto, Lycianthes moziniana var. margaretiana y L. moziniana var. oaxacana mostraron el menor traslape. Conclusiones: Los datos morfológicos y geográficos sugieren que el proceso de especiación en Lycianthes moziniana es incipiente.

Abstract Background: Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an endemic and widespread species in Mexico. Morphological and molecular evidence suggested three varieties (L. moziniana var. margaretiana, L. moziniana var. moziniana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana). Hypotheses: Lycianthes moziniana is integrated by differentiated lineages corresponding to the three varieties identified. Studied species: Lycianthes moziniana (Dunal) Bitter. Study sites and dates: Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Methods: We measured 11 morphological characters based on 207 herbarium specimens. Discriminant Canonical Analysis (DCA), Mahalanobis Square Distance (MD) and Canonical Classificatory Analysis (CCA) were used to uncover the differences among varieties. For geographic and climatic preferences and divergence, we used 288 records and four climatic layers. Results: Two canonical functions explained 100 % of the morphological variation and seven characters had the highest discriminatory power. In addition, MD was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the CCA recovered three groups at 77 %. The morphological evidence demonstrated the distinctiveness of L. moziniana var. moziniana. In contrast, L. moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were morphologically similar. The identity test showed significant differences among Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). The evidence indicates geographic and climatic isolation among the varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. moziniana is widespread and has intermediate overlap with the other two varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were isolated in different biogeographical provinces and showed the lowest overlap. Conclusions: Morphological and geographic data indicate that incipient speciation is occurring.

Abstract The gladiolus is one of the most commercially important cut flowers in Mexico. It was traditionally considered a funeral flower, but its uses have now diversified to many other decorative floral arrangements due to its variety of colors and forms. All the new varieties on the market in Mexico are of foreign origin, such that the generation of new genotypes is needed. In a previous study, flowers originating from irradiated Blanca Borrega variety corms expressed different floral characteristics, shape and size; however, it is unknown whether these characters are fixed in subsequent generations. The objective of the current work was therefore to evaluate the fixed characteristics in the ornamental quality of outstanding cultivars of Blanca Borrega variety gladiolus descended from irradiation with60Co. During the fall-winter (2020-2021) period, corms of outstanding cultivars generated by distinct irradiation doses were planted in sterilized substrate to evaluate corm germination (%), plant height, number of leaves per stem, spike length (cm), combined stem and spike length (cm), number of flowers per spike, flower size (cm), number of leaves, and survival, and to categorize cut flower quality under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) criteria. Our results indicated that the outstanding cultivar derived from the 80 Gy dose presented a Class I classification (Second quality) of the UN/ECE parameters due to its stem height and number of buds, followed by the cultivars descended from irradiation at 10, 30 and 50 Gy and the control, which were placed in Class II (Third quality). Thus, in the third generation the favorable esthetic characteristics of the outstanding cultivars remain fixed.

Resumo O gladíolo é uma das flores de corte mais importantes comercialmente no México. Era tradicionalmente considerada uma flor funerária, mas seus usos agora se diversificaram para muitos outros arranjos florais decorativos devido à sua variedade de cores e formas. Todas as novas variedades no mercado mexicano são de origem estrangeira, de modo que é necessária a geração de novos genótipos. Em estudo anterior, flores provenientes de rebentos irradiados da variedade Blanca Borrega expressaram diferentes características florais, forma e tamanho; no entanto, não se sabe se esses caracteres são corrigidos nas gerações subsequentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, portanto, avaliar as características fixas na qualidade ornamental de cultivares destacadas de gladíolo da variedade Blanca Borrega descendentes da irradiação com 60Co. Durante o período de outono-inverno (2020-2021), rebentos de cultivares excepcionais gerados por diferentes doses de irradiação foram plantados em substrato esterilizado para avaliar a germinação do rebento (%), altura da planta, número de folhas por haste, comprimento do espigão (cm), combinado comprimento do caule e espiga (cm), número de flores por espiga, tamanho da flor (cm), número de folhas e sobrevivência, e para categorizar a qualidade da flor cortada sob os critérios da Comissão Econômica das Nações Unidas para a Europa (UN/ECE). Nossos resultados indicaram que a cultivar de destaque derivada da dose de 80 Gy apresentou classificação Classe I (Segunda qualidade) dos parâmetros UN/ECE devido à altura do caule e número de gemas, seguida pelas cultivares descendentes da irradiação aos 10, 30 e 50 Gy e o controle, que foram colocados na Classe II (Terceira qualidade). Assim, na terceira geração, as características estéticas favoráveis das cultivares de destaque permanecem fixas.

Resumen El modelo dimensional alternativo para los trastornos de personalidad incluye 25 facetas (rasgos patológicos) organizadas en cinco dominios de orden superior (Desapego, Afectividad Negativa, Psicoticismo, Antagonismo y Desinhibición). Para evaluar este modelo, se desarrolló el Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), que posee dos versiones: una extensa (220 ítems) que evalúa dominios y facetas, y una breve (25 ítems) que evalúa solo los dominios. En un trabajo anterior, se brindó evidencia favorable para una versión breve (31 ítems) adaptada para ser utilizada en población argentina. En el presente trabajo se estudian las propiedades psicométricas de una versión reducida y modificada del PID-5 que permite evaluar ambos componentes por medio de una cantidad de ítems (108). La validez convergente se evaluó a través de la relación con una medida de rasgos de personalidad normal del Modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores. Se trabajó con una muestra de tipo no probabilística de n = 525 sujetos de población general, que respondieron la versión adaptada del PID-5 y el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar la Personalidad. Los resultados brindaron evidencia de validez y confiabilidad para el instrumento. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio sugirió un buen ajuste de la estructura pentafactorial. La consistencia interna resultó adecuada y los ítems presentaron buenos índices de discriminación. Se observaron diferencias de género y edad, y correlaciones con los factores correspondientes de los cinco grandes. Esta versión puede ser utilizada para evaluar el modelo, con fines tanto clínicos como de investigación, y con ventajas respecto al tiempo de administración respecto a la versión extensa original.

Abstract The official classification of personality disorders in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains categorical. However, a dimensional alternative for personality disorders is presented as an emerging model. The model is organized in five higher order domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism), with relationships with the Big Five Model of Personality, strongly established within the Personality Psychology. The proposal also includes 25 facets or second-order traits, included within the main domains. Domains and facets represent psychopathological traits with clinical relevance. To assess this model, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed. PID-5 has two forms: extensive (220 items) that assesses domains and facets, and brief (25 items) that assesses only the domains. In a previous study, evidence for a short version (31 items) adapted to the Argentine population was provided, that overcomes some of the limitations of the original one. In this work, the psychometric properties of a reduced and modified version of the PID-5 are studied, which allows evaluating five domains and 25 facets, through a reduced number of items (108). We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of n = 525 subjects from the general population, who answered the adapted version of the PID-5 and the Adjectives Checklist to Assess the Big Five Personality Factors (AEP), a Big Five Model measure. The following data analyses were performed: (1) Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to evaluate the internal structure of PID-5; (2) reliability analysis to assess the internal consistency of the PID-5 scales; (3) item analysis to assess discriminating power; (4) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine significant differences due to gender and age; and (5) bivariate correlation analysis to analyze PID-5 convergent validity. The results provided evidence of validity and reliability. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested a five-factor structure. The facets presented factor loadings in the domain theoretically expected, with some exceptions: Suspiciousness (loaded in Psychoticism), Hostility (loaded in Disinhibition), Depressivity (loaded in Detachment) and Insensitivity (loaded in Detachment). CFA also suggested a good model fit (CFI = .98; RMSEA = .04; SRMR = 0.083). Psychoticism, Detachment, and Disinhibition facets had their higher factor loadings in the expected domain. Negative affectivity showed higher correlations with the rest of the scales. Internal consistency was satisfactory, especially at the domain level, and the items had good discrimination indices. Correlations with the corresponding of the Big Five factors were observed, similar to previous studies. The five PID-5 domains were also found positively correlated. Additionally, gender and age differences were found. In line with previous literature, results suggest that some facets scales are “pure” markers of these domains (e. g., Psychoticism and Antagonism facets), whereas others (e. g., Negative Affectivity facets such as Depressiveness, Suspicion, Hostility), are located “in between” domains since they share features of more than one domain. Psychoticism facets presented higher loadings in their domains and lower in the rest. This is not surprising; although most of psychopathology cannot be understood as categories, schizophyte and Schizotypal Personality Disorder are exceptions, and Psychoticism would be the representation of these categories in the APA model. Findings also provide evidence of convergent validity for the instrument, as well as theorical evidence regarding the relationship between normal and pathological personality traits. This version can be used to evaluate the model, both in research and clinical practice. It has advantages over the original longer version, in terms of administration time and participants' fatigue, while maintaining its psychometric properties. The results are also expected to contribute to the recent literature on the dimensional approach to personality psychopathology. However, complementary studies, particularly with a clinical population, are needed.

Resumen Las comunidades de anuros y los componentes bióticos asociados, así como el hábitat físico circundante varían entre regiones. El éxito de las investigaciones sobre biodiversidad de anfibios dependerá entonces de conocer la eficiencia de las diferentes técnicas de muestreo que se aplican en cada ambiente particular que es analizado. En este contexto, evaluamos la efectividad relativa de registro (ERR) de cuatro técnicas diferentes en un humedal lacustre localizado en la Reserva Juan Bautista Alberdi (RJBA), en el centro-este de Argentina. Se efectuaron los relevamientos de diciembre de 2021 a marzo de 2022 (temporada de verano), sumándose un muestreo de otoño (mayo/2022). Se emplearon a) trampas de caída, b) muestreos de larvas con red, c) transectas de prospección auditiva y d) transectas de prospección visual. En cada caso, se calculó la ERR estandarizando los registros de acuerdo al esfuerzo de muestreo medido en minutos. Para estudiar el efecto de la técnica de muestreo sobre la ERR se realizó un modelo lineal randomizado mediante un test de permutación, aplicando 1,000 iteraciones. Se registraron un total de 11 especies, siendo Boana pulchella, Scinax nasicus y Rhinella dorbignyi las detectadas con mayor frecuencia. La técnica de muestreo influyó en la ERR (P = 0.001). El transecto de prospección auditiva resultó la técnica más exitosa, con una ERR del 24.44%, seguida por la búsqueda de larvas con red (3.70%) y el transecto de prospección visual (3.38%). No obstante, estas dos últimas permitieron encontrar especies no detectadas con la primera. Consecuentemente, un diseño integrando diferentes técnicas es necesario para estudiar adecuadamente las comunidades de anfibios de la RJBA. Mejorar la efectividad de los muestreos permite fortalecer nuestra comprensión sobre la biodiversidad de este grupo taxonómico, tan necesario en el contexto de declinación global actual.

Abstract Anuran communities and their associated biotic components, as well as the surrounding physical habitat, vary between regions. The success of research on amphibian biodiversity will then depend on knowing the efficiency of the different sampling techniques that are applied in each particular environment analyzed. In this context, we evaluated the relative registration effectiveness (RRE) of four different techniques in a lacustrine wetland located in the Juan Bautista Alberdi Reserve (JBAR), in east -central Argentina. Research was carried out from December 2021 to March 2022 (summer season), adding an autumn sampling (May/2022). Techniques used were: A) pitfall traps, b) larval sampling, c) acoustic survey transects and d) visual survey transects. In each case, the RRE was calculated by standardizing the records according to the sampling effort measured in minutes. To study the effect of the sampling technique on RRE, a randomized linear model was created using a permutation test, applying 1,000 iterations. A total of 11 species were recorded, with Boana pulchella, Scinax nasicus and Rhinella dorbignyi being the most frequently detected. The sampling technique was found to influence RRE (P = 0.001). The acoustic survey transect was the most successful technique, with an RRE of 24.44%, followed by the search for larvae with a net (3.70%) and the visual survey transect (3.38%). However, these last two allowed us to find species not detected by the first technique. Consequently, a design integrating different techniques is necessary to adequately study the amphibian communities of the JBAR. Improving the effectiveness of sampling allows us to strengthen our understanding of the biodiversity of this taxonomic group, which is so necessary in the context of current global decline.

ABSTRACT: Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of the maxilla presenting with oroantral communication is very rare, herein we report the first case of this condition in association with myiasis. A 50-year-old man reported chronic sinusopathy and a non-healing maxillary lesion, with 30 years of evolution, presenting occasional nasal and intraoral purulent discharge, with foul smell, and recurrent episodes of larvae presence. Cone beam computed tomography showed a large hyperdense image inside the left maxillary sinus, with focal areas with soft tissue density, and extensive discontinuity of the maxillary sinus floor, confirming the oroantral fistula. The necrotic tissue curetted during surgery presented hard consistency, and dark greenish color, and was submitted for histopathological analysis. Microscopically, necrotic bone, masses of filamentous bacteria colonie s, compatible with actinomycosis, and large rhomboidal structures surrounded by eosinophilic capsule - suggestive of larvae, were observed. The diagnosis of actinomycotic osteomyelitis with presence of structures compatible with larvae was established.

RESUMEN: La osteomielitis actinomicótica del maxilar que se presenta con comunicación oroantral es poco frequente. En este trabajo reportamos el primer caso de esta condición en asociación con miasis. Un hombre de 50 años que refiere sinusopatía crónica y lesión maxilar que no cicatriza, de 30 años de evolución, presenta secreción ocasional purulenta nasal e intraoral, con mal olor y episodios recurrentes de presencia de larvas. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico mostró una gran imagen hiperdensa en el interior del seno maxilar izquierdo, con áreas focales con densidad de partes blandas y una extensa discontinuidad del piso del seno maxilar, lo que confirma la fístula oroantral. El tejido necrótico legrado durante la cirugía presentó consistencia dura, coloración verdosa oscura, y fue remitido para análisis histopatológico. Microscópicamente se observó hueso necrótico, masas de colonias de bacterias filamentosas compatibles con actinomicosis y grandes estructuras romboidales rodeadas de cápsula eosinofílica sugestiva de larvas. Se estableció el diagnóstico de osteomielitis actinomicótica con presencia de estructuras compatibles con larvas.

Resumen En este trabajo se simularon imágenes SPECT cerebrales utilizando el código SIMIND Montecarlo. El objetivo específico fue la detección de lesiones características de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y Depresión Mayor (DM) en imágenes simuladas de cerebro, modelando la adquisición de datos de una fuente de 99mTc con una cámara gamma Picker Prism 2000XP. Se configuró un fantoma antropomórfico con lesiones cerebrales compatibles con EA y DM. Los escenarios operacionales se configuraron en base a los parámetros recomendados por las sistemáticas así como en condiciones de trabajo frecuentes en los centros de salud locales. Las simulaciones realizadas verificaron que con la cámara gamma configurada las lesiones patognomónicas de la EA y la DM sólo pueden ser visualizadas si se utilizan colimadores LEHR, distancias paciente/ detector de 16 cm y tiempos de espera post- administración de 45 minutos.

Abstract In this work cerebral SPECT images were simulated using the SIMIND Monte Carlo code. The specific purpose was the detection of characteristic Alzheimer’s disease (EA) and Major Depression (DM) lesions in simulated brain images, modeling the data acquisition from a source of 99mTc with a gamma camera Picker Prism 2000XP. An anthropomorphic phantom with brain lesions compatible with EA and DM were configured. The operational scenarios were configured on the basis of the frequent parameters recommended by the protocols as well as in working conditions in local health centers. The simulations performed verified that with the setup of the camera gamma, the pathognomonic lesions of EA and DM can only be visualized if LEHR collimators, patient/detector distance of 16 cm and post-administration waiting time of 45 minutes are used.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common oncologic disease among men. Radical treatment with curative intent provides good oncological results for PCa survivors, although definitive therapy is associated with significant number of serious side-effects. In modern-era of medicine tissue-sparing techniques, such as focal HIFU, have been proposed for PCa patients in order to provide cancer control equivalent to the standard-of-care procedures while reducing morbidities and complications. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the available evidence about focal HIFU therapy as a primary treatment for localized PCa. Material and methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of focal HIFU therapy in the MEDLINE database (PROSPERO: CRD42021235581). Articles published in the English language between 2010 and 2020 with more than 50 patients were included. Results: Clinically significant in-field recurrence and out-of-field progression were detected to 22% and 29% PCa patients, respectively. Higher ISUP grade group, more positive cores at biopsy and bilateral disease were identified as the main risk factors for disease recurrence. The most common strategy for recurrence management was definitive therapy. Six months after focal HIFU therapy 98% of patients were totally continent and 80% of patients retained sufficient erections for sexual intercourse. The majority of complications presented in the early postoperative period and were classified as low-grade. Conclusions: This review highlights that focal HIFU therapy appears to be a safe procedure, while short-term cancer control rate is encouraging. Though, second-line treatment or active surveillance seems to be necessary in a significant number of patients.

Abstract This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Lippia graveolens and Lippia alba extracts and essential oils against nine strains of Aeromonas spp., isolated from Oreochromis niloticus. The crude extracts were obtained by percolation technique and CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, while the essential oils by applying hydro-distillation technique using a Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity for each extract and essential oils was verified through the disc diffusion method at 24 hours. The essential oil of L. graveolens showed higher effectiveness to inhibit fish bacterial pathogens (100%) than the extracts, revealing an inhibition zone diameter that ranged from 25.20 - 36.94 mm. The extracts from supercritical fluid and from the percolation technique with ethyl acetate and cyclohexane presented the same effectiveness (77.78%). The crude extract obtained with ethanol 95% showed limited antimicrobial effect (22.22%), presenting the smallest inhibition zone (ranged from 8.34 to 9.57 mm). On the other hand, L. alba displayed a lower antibacterial activity, being the essential oil 66.67% effective, presenting an inhibition zone ranging between 10.68 to 16.29 mm. The result of this study indicates that essential oils from both L. graveolens and L. alba offer a promising alternative for the control of Aeromonas spp. growth.

Resumen El presente estudio evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos y aceites esenciales de Lippia graveolens y Lippia alba, frente a nueve cepas de Aeromonas spp., aisladas de Oreochromis niloticus. Los extractos crudos se obtuvieron por la técnica de percolación y a través de la extracción de CO2 supercrítico, mientras que los aceites esenciales se realizaron mediante la técnica de hidrodestilación empleando un equipo Clevenger. La actividad antimicrobiana para cada extracto y aceite esencial se verificó mediante el método de difusión en disco a las 24 horas. El aceite esencial de L. graveolens mostró mayor efectividad para inhibir patógenos bacterianos de peces (100%), en comparación con los extractos. Se obtuvo un diámetro de inhibición que osciló entre 25,20 a 36,94 mm. Los extractos de fluido supercrítico y de la técnica de percolación con acetato de etilo y ciclohexano presentaron la misma efectividad (77,78%). El extracto crudo obtenido con etanol al 95% mostró efecto antimicrobiano limitado (22,22%), presentando el menor halo de inhibición (8,34 y 9,57 mm). Por otro parte, L. alba mostró menor actividad antibacteriana. El aceite esencial inhibió únicamente el 66,67% de las bacterias patógenas, presentando un halo de inhibición que oscila entre 10,68 a 16,29 mm. El resultado de este estudio indica que los aceites esenciales de L. graveolens y L. alba son una alternativa prometedora para el control del crecimiento de Aeromonas spp.

Resumo Neste estudo avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos e óleos essenciais de Lippia graveolens e Lippia alba, contra nove cepas de Aeromonas spp., isoladas de Oreochromis niloticus. Os extratos brutos foram obtidos pela técnica de percolação e por extração supercrítica com CO2, enquanto os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger. A atividade antimicrobiana para cada extrato e óleo essencial foi verificada pelo método de disco-difusão em 24 horas. O óleo essencial de L. graveolens apresentou maior eficácia na inibição de patógenos bacterianos em peixes (100%), comparado aos extratos. Obteve-se um diâmetro de halo de inibição que variou entre 25,20 e 36,94 mm. Os extratos do fluido supercrítico e da percolação com acetato de etila e ciclohexano apresentaram a mesma eficácia (77,78%). O extrato bruto obtido com etanol 95% apresentou efeito antimicrobiano limitado (22,22%), apresentando o menor diámetro de halo de inibição (8,34 e 9,57 mm). Por outro lado, L. alba apresentou menor atividade antibacteriana. O óleo essencial inibiu apenas 66,67% das bactérias patogênicas, apresentando um halo de inibição que varia de 10,68 a 16,29 mm de diámetro. Os resultados deste estudo indica que os óleos essenciais de L. graveolens e L. alba são uma alternativa promissora para o controle do crescimento de Aeromonas spp.

Introduction: It has been postulated the relationship between presence of cardiometabolic diseases with mental health problems, particularly depression. Objectives: To determine the association between cardiometabolic diseases and presence of depressive symptoms, evaluated by PHQ-9 questionnaire, in patients attended at the outpatient clinic of internal medicine service at Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue. Methods: Observational analytical cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic disease was defined as the presence of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and/or obesity. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to evaluate the presence of symptoms suggestive of depression. The association was evaluated crude and adjusted for possible confounders. For the multivariate analysis, a Poisson regression model was used to find prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 252 patients were included, of which 205 (81,4%) presented cardiometabolic diseases and 181 (71,9%) presented symptoms consistent with some grade of depression. The presence of cardiometabolic diseases was associated with depressive symptoms both in the crude analysis (PRc 1.43; CI 95% 1.08-1.89; p=0.012) and in the adjusted one (PRa 1.31; CI 95% 1.00-1.71; p=0.048). Additionally, an association was found between female sex and depressive symptoms (PRa 1,35; CI 95% 1,11-1,63; p=0,002). Conclusions: The presence of cardiometabolic diseases was associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in patients seen at the outpatient clinic of internal medicine. The mental health approach should be an integral part of the multidisciplinary management for the patient with cardiometabolic disease.

Resumen Introducción: Se ha postulado la relación entre la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas con problemas de salud mental, en particular la depresión. Objetivos: Determinar la asociación entre la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y la presencia de sintomatología depresiva evaluada mediante el cuestionario PHQ-9 en pacientes atendidos en consultorios externos de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue. Metodología: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. Se definió enfermedad cardiometabólica como la presencia de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, y/u obesidad. Se utilizó el cuestionario PHQ-9 para evaluar la presencia de síntomas sugerentes de depresión. Se evaluó la asociación cruda y ajustada a posibles confusores. Para el análisis multivariado se utilizó un modelo de regresión de Poisson para hallar razones de prevalencia con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se consideró un p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 252 pacientes, de los que 205 (81,4%) presentaron enfermedades cardiometabólicas y 181 (71,9%) presentaron síntomas consistentes con algún grado de depresión. La presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas se asoció a síntomas depresivos tanto en el análisis crudo (RPc 1,43; IC 95% 1,08-1,89; p=0,012) como en el ajustado (RPa 1,31; IC 95% 1,00-1,71; p=0,048). Adicionalmente se encontró asociación entre el sexo femenino y sintomatología depresiva (RPa 1,35; IC 95% 1,11-1,63; p=0,002). Conclusiones: La presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas se asoció con la presencia de síntomas depresivos en pacientes atendidos en la consulta externa de medicina interna. El abordaje de la salud mental debe ser parte integral del manejo multidisciplinario del paciente con enfermedad cardiometabólica.

This work describes the synthesis of new 1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one sulfonamides and evaluation of their ability to inhibit some in vitro (coagulant, proteolytic and hemolytic) and in vivo (hemorrhagic, edematogenic and lethality) toxic activities of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu venoms. Compounds have been synthesized from the coupling of intermediate 5-amino-6 methoxybenzo[d][1,3]oxathiol-2-one 4 with benzenesulfonyl chlorides. Characterization of the products was achieved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) techniques. Biological assay results have shown that most of compounds inhibited the main toxic activities of the venom of the two snake species. Compound 5b (N-(6 methoxy-2 oxobenzo[d][1,3]oxathiol-5-yl)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide) was the most efficient in inhibiting hemolysis of B. jararaca, and coagulation and proteolysis induced by both venoms. For in vivo activities, all compounds inhibited the edema, from 35 to 72%, and most of them exhibited antihemorrhagic and antilethality activities. Thus, the results pointed to the biological potential of these compounds, being promising molecules to treat envenomation by these snakes as well as to aid the current antivenom serum therapy.

Abstract: This work analyzes the reliability of the radiochemical purity control method of 99mTc-MIBI used in nuclear medicine services and the influence of the greater presence of radiochemical impurities in the diagnostic quality of the obtained images.

Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza la confiabilidad del método de control de pureza radioquímica del 99mTc-MIBI utilizado en los servicios de medicina nuclear y se discute la influencia de la mayor existencia de impurezas radioquímicas en la calidad diagnóstica de las imágenes obtenidas.

Abstract Objective Allergic sensitization is one of the key components for the development of allergies. Polysensitization seems to be related to the persistence and severity of allergic diseases. Furthermore, allergic sensitization has a predictive role in the development of allergies. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern of sensitization of atopic patients treated at different pediatric allergy referral centers in Brazil. Methods A nation-wide transversal multicenter study collected data on patients attended in Brazil. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of allergen-specific IgE. If allergen-specific IgE was higher than 0.1 kUA/L, the following specific components were quantified. Results A total of 470 individuals were enrolled in the study. Mite sensitization was the most frequent kind in all participants. A high frequency of sensitization to furry animals and grasses featured in the respiratory allergies. Regarding components, there was a predominance of sensitization to Der p 1 and Der p 2. It has been verified that having a food allergy, atopic dermatitis, or multimorbidity are risk factors for the development of more severe allergic disease. Conclusion Studies on the pattern of allergic sensitization to a specific population offer tools for the more effectual prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic diseases. Sensitization to dust mites house was the most prevalent in the evaluated sample. High rates of sensitization to furry animals also stand out. Patients with food allergy, atopic dermatitis, or multimorbidity appear to be at greater risk for developing more severe allergic diseases.

Abstract Mangroves, along with seagrasses and saltmarshes, are among the coastal ecosystems known as blue carbon ecosystems. These ecosystems are natural carbon sinks, relevant to mitigate global warming because they are able to sequester significant amounts of CO2 for biomass production, and to store organic matter in sediments for a very long time. We present the temporal evaluation of fluxes (g m-2 year-1) and inventories (Mg ha-1) of organic carbon (Corg) from sediment cores collected in mangroves areas associated with the coastal lagoon Estero de Urías, in Mazatlán, Sinaloa. The work strategy included the geochemical characterization of sediments by elemental composition analysis through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to evaluate changes in sediment origin (terrestrial or marine); the determination of the grain size distribution to evaluate changes in the hydrodynamics of the study sites; and the quantification of Corg concentrations with an elemental analyzer. Finally, we estimated the economic cost of the impacts of CO2 emissions caused by the oxidation of Corg due to potential perturbations of the study sites. This information is an additional component of the economic benefits of the preservation of mangrove ecosystems, relevant in coastal wetland management plans, since mangrove conservation contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and could be used as part of an ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change strategy in tropical and subtropical zones around the world.

Resumen Los manglares, junto con los pastizales marinos y las marismas, se encuentran entre los ecosistemas costeros conocidos como ecosistemas de carbono azul. Estos ecosistemas son sumideros naturales de carbono, relevantes para la mitigación del calentamiento global debido a que son capaces de secuestrar importantes cantidades de CO2 para producción de biomasa, así como de almacenar materia orgánica en sus sedimentos durante muy largo plazo. Se presentan los resultados de la evaluación temporal de los flujos (g m-2 año-1) e inventarios (Mg ha-1) de carbono orgánico (Corg) en núcleos sedimentarios recolectados en áreas de manglar asociados a la laguna costera Estero de Urías (Mazatlán, Sinaloa). La estrategia de trabajo incluyó la caracterización geoquímica de los sedimentos mediante el análisis de composición elemental por espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos-X para evaluar cambios en el origen de los sedimentos (terrígeno o marino); la determinación de la distribución de tamaño de grano para evaluar cambios en la hidrodinámica de los sitios de estudio; y la cuantificación de las concentraciones de Corg mediante un analizador elemental. Por último, se presenta una estimación del costo económico de los impactos de las emisiones potenciales de CO2 como consecuencia de la oxidación del Corg, debido a las potenciales perturbaciones de los sitios de estudio. La información generada representa una componente más de los beneficios económicos de la preservación de los ecosistemas de manglar, relevante en los planes de manejo de humedales costeros, cuya conservación contribuye a la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, y podría ser aprovechada como parte de una estrategia de adaptación al cambio climático basada en ecosistemas, en zonas tropicales y subtropicales alrededor del mundo.

BACKGROUND Dogs are the main peridomiciliary reservoir of Leishmania infantum thus the correct diagnosis of infection is essential for the control of the transmission and treatment as well. However, the diagnosis is based on serological assays that are not fully effective. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish an effective serological assay for the diagnosis of L. infantum infected dogs using Leishmania-derived recombinant antigens. METHODS Leishmania derived rK39-, rK28-, rKR95-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized using symptomatic and asymptomatic L. infantum-infected dogs. Then 2,530 samples from inquiry in endemic areas for VL were evaluated and the results compared with recommended assays by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH algorithm). Further samples from a cohort of 30 dogs were searched. FINDINGS For rK39-, rK28- and rKR95-ELISA the sensitivity was around 97% and specificity 100%. The positivity of these three ELISA in the inquiry samples was 27-28%, around 10% higher than the assays currently in use. When cohort samples were searched, we observed likely false-negative results (> 65%) with supposedly negative samples that turned positive six months later with the assays in use (MH algorithm). MAIN CONCLUSIONS For the diagnosis of L. infantum-infected dogs, rK39-based ELISA showed better diagnostic performance than other assays in use in Brazil and worldwide.

Abstract For human/SARS-CoV-2 interactome genes ACE2, TMPRSS2 and BSG, there is a convincing evidence of association in Asians with influenza-induced SARS for TMPRSS2-rs2070788, tag-SNP of the eQTL rs383510. This case illustrates the importance of population genetics and of sequencing data in the design of genetic association studies in different human populations: the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) between rs2070788 and rs383510 is Asian-specific. Leveraging on a combination of genotyping and sequencing data for Native Americans (neglected in genetic studies), we show that while their frequencies of the Asian tag-SNP rs2070788 is, surprisingly, the highest worldwide, it is not in LD with the eQTL rs383510, that therefore, should be directly genotyped in genetic association studies of SARS in populations with Native American ancestry.