RESUMEN Introducción: La Pandemia COVID-19, ha tenido impactos negativos en la salud física y mental de las personas, así como las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos, para prevenir el contagio masivo de la población como el confinamiento, el aislamiento social, el trabajo y educación virtual. Dentro de los afectados por estos cambios, se encontrarían los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, que además de estudiar en estas condiciones de pandemia, no han podido hacer sus prácticas de los servicios de salud. Esta situación de exposición al aislamiento, podría afectar la salud mental de los jóvenes estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y las características del aislamiento social durante la Pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 818 estudiantes universitarios de facultades de ciencias de la salud, mediante el cuestionario autoadministrado DASS-21. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron: una mayor prevalencia en niveles altos (severos y extremadamente severos) en la ansiedad, alcanzado casi a 4 de cada 10 de los evaluados; por otro lado, en depresión y el estrés, 2 de cada 10 de los evaluados, se encontraron en los niveles mencionados. En relación con las variables sociodemográficas, las relacionadas con el COVID-19 y aislamiento social, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el género (mujeres > varones), el haber tenido COVID-19 (Sí > No) y vivir con familiares como antes de la pandemia (Sí > No) obtuvieron en promedio mayores puntajes en depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que presentaron mayor depresión, ansiedad y estrés con una diferencia significativa fueron de género femenino, con antecedentes de haber tenido Covid-19, menor contacto con familiares y haber cumplido con aislamiento social total.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic has had negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people, as well as the measures adopted by governments to prevent the massive contagion of the population, such as confinement, social isolation, virtual work, and virtual education. Among those affected by these changes would be university students in the health area who, in addition to studying in these pandemic conditions, have been unable to do their health service practices. This situation of exposure to isolation could affect the mental health of young university students. Objective: To determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students, their relationship with sociodemographic variables, and the characteristics of social isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 818 university students from health sciences faculties using the DASS-21 self-administered questionnaire. Results: The main findings were a higher prevalence of high levels (severe and highly severe) in anxiety, reaching almost 4 out of 10 of those evaluated; On the other hand, in depression and stress, 2 out of 10 of those evaluated were found at the mentioned levels. Concerning the sociodemographic variables, those related to COVID-19 and social isolation, statistically significant differences were found with gender (women > men), having had COVID-19 (Yes > No), and living with relatives as before. On average, the pandemic (Yes > No) obtained higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The students who presented greater depression, anxiety, and stress with a significant difference were female, with a history of having had Covid-19, less contact with family members, and having complied with total social isolation

Abstract The gladiolus is one of the most commercially important cut flowers in Mexico. It was traditionally considered a funeral flower, but its uses have now diversified to many other decorative floral arrangements due to its variety of colors and forms. All the new varieties on the market in Mexico are of foreign origin, such that the generation of new genotypes is needed. In a previous study, flowers originating from irradiated Blanca Borrega variety corms expressed different floral characteristics, shape and size; however, it is unknown whether these characters are fixed in subsequent generations. The objective of the current work was therefore to evaluate the fixed characteristics in the ornamental quality of outstanding cultivars of Blanca Borrega variety gladiolus descended from irradiation with60Co. During the fall-winter (2020-2021) period, corms of outstanding cultivars generated by distinct irradiation doses were planted in sterilized substrate to evaluate corm germination (%), plant height, number of leaves per stem, spike length (cm), combined stem and spike length (cm), number of flowers per spike, flower size (cm), number of leaves, and survival, and to categorize cut flower quality under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) criteria. Our results indicated that the outstanding cultivar derived from the 80 Gy dose presented a Class I classification (Second quality) of the UN/ECE parameters due to its stem height and number of buds, followed by the cultivars descended from irradiation at 10, 30 and 50 Gy and the control, which were placed in Class II (Third quality). Thus, in the third generation the favorable esthetic characteristics of the outstanding cultivars remain fixed.

Resumo O gladíolo é uma das flores de corte mais importantes comercialmente no México. Era tradicionalmente considerada uma flor funerária, mas seus usos agora se diversificaram para muitos outros arranjos florais decorativos devido à sua variedade de cores e formas. Todas as novas variedades no mercado mexicano são de origem estrangeira, de modo que é necessária a geração de novos genótipos. Em estudo anterior, flores provenientes de rebentos irradiados da variedade Blanca Borrega expressaram diferentes características florais, forma e tamanho; no entanto, não se sabe se esses caracteres são corrigidos nas gerações subsequentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, portanto, avaliar as características fixas na qualidade ornamental de cultivares destacadas de gladíolo da variedade Blanca Borrega descendentes da irradiação com 60Co. Durante o período de outono-inverno (2020-2021), rebentos de cultivares excepcionais gerados por diferentes doses de irradiação foram plantados em substrato esterilizado para avaliar a germinação do rebento (%), altura da planta, número de folhas por haste, comprimento do espigão (cm), combinado comprimento do caule e espiga (cm), número de flores por espiga, tamanho da flor (cm), número de folhas e sobrevivência, e para categorizar a qualidade da flor cortada sob os critérios da Comissão Econômica das Nações Unidas para a Europa (UN/ECE). Nossos resultados indicaram que a cultivar de destaque derivada da dose de 80 Gy apresentou classificação Classe I (Segunda qualidade) dos parâmetros UN/ECE devido à altura do caule e número de gemas, seguida pelas cultivares descendentes da irradiação aos 10, 30 e 50 Gy e o controle, que foram colocados na Classe II (Terceira qualidade). Assim, na terceira geração, as características estéticas favoráveis das cultivares de destaque permanecem fixas.

Resumen Introducción: La confiabilidad de la presión sistólica arterial pulmonar por ecocardiografía transtorácica se encuentra limitada por su variabilidad para definir la hipertensión pulmonar. Objetivo: Conocer la variabilidad en la presión sistólica arterial pulmonar estimada por ecocardiografía en la hipertensión pulmonar. Métodos: En el periodo 2016-2020 se captaron sujetos con hipertensión pulmonar que tuvieron estimada la presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar por ecocardiografía transtorácica y por cateterismo cardiaco derecho. Se obtuvieron sus variables demográficas. Los datos se analizaron con el estadístico descriptivo de Bland-Altman y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (intervalo de confianza al 95%). Resultados: Se estudiaron 152 sujetos, edad 60 ± 12 años. Índice de masa corporal 27.64 ± 4.69 kg/m2. La presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar por ecocardiografía transtorácica 58.99 ± 18.62 vs. cateterismo cardiaco 55.43 ± 16.79. Diferencia media (sesgo) –3.6 (29.1, –36.2) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase 0.717 (0.610, 0.794). Conclusiones: La variabilidad es amplia y el acuerdo es sustancial con la presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar. Se aconseja estimarla solo como tamizaje de la hipertensión pulmonar.

Abstract Introduction: The reliability of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure by transthoracic echocardiography is limited by its variability to define pulmonary hypertension. Objective: To know the variability of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure estimated by echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension. Their demographic variables were obtained. Methods: From 2016-2020 subjects with pulmonary hypertension were recruited, with pulmonary artery systolic pressure estimated by transthoracic echocardiography and by right heart catheterization. Data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman descriptive statistic and the intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval). Results: 152 subjects, age 60 ± 12 years, were studied. Body mass index 27.64 ± 4.69 kg/m2. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure estimated by transthoracic echocardiography 58.99 ± 18.62 vs. cardiac catheterization 55.43 ± 16.79 mmHg. Mean difference (bias) –3.6 (29.1, –36.2) and intraclass correlation coefficient 0.717 (0.610, 0.794). Conclusions: Variability is wide, and agreement is substantial for pulmonary artery systolic pressure. It is recommended to estimate only as screening for pulmonary hypertension.

Resumen El modelo dimensional alternativo para los trastornos de personalidad incluye 25 facetas (rasgos patológicos) organizadas en cinco dominios de orden superior (Desapego, Afectividad Negativa, Psicoticismo, Antagonismo y Desinhibición). Para evaluar este modelo, se desarrolló el Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), que posee dos versiones: una extensa (220 ítems) que evalúa dominios y facetas, y una breve (25 ítems) que evalúa solo los dominios. En un trabajo anterior, se brindó evidencia favorable para una versión breve (31 ítems) adaptada para ser utilizada en población argentina. En el presente trabajo se estudian las propiedades psicométricas de una versión reducida y modificada del PID-5 que permite evaluar ambos componentes por medio de una cantidad de ítems (108). La validez convergente se evaluó a través de la relación con una medida de rasgos de personalidad normal del Modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores. Se trabajó con una muestra de tipo no probabilística de n = 525 sujetos de población general, que respondieron la versión adaptada del PID-5 y el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar la Personalidad. Los resultados brindaron evidencia de validez y confiabilidad para el instrumento. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio sugirió un buen ajuste de la estructura pentafactorial. La consistencia interna resultó adecuada y los ítems presentaron buenos índices de discriminación. Se observaron diferencias de género y edad, y correlaciones con los factores correspondientes de los cinco grandes. Esta versión puede ser utilizada para evaluar el modelo, con fines tanto clínicos como de investigación, y con ventajas respecto al tiempo de administración respecto a la versión extensa original.

Abstract The official classification of personality disorders in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains categorical. However, a dimensional alternative for personality disorders is presented as an emerging model. The model is organized in five higher order domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism), with relationships with the Big Five Model of Personality, strongly established within the Personality Psychology. The proposal also includes 25 facets or second-order traits, included within the main domains. Domains and facets represent psychopathological traits with clinical relevance. To assess this model, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed. PID-5 has two forms: extensive (220 items) that assesses domains and facets, and brief (25 items) that assesses only the domains. In a previous study, evidence for a short version (31 items) adapted to the Argentine population was provided, that overcomes some of the limitations of the original one. In this work, the psychometric properties of a reduced and modified version of the PID-5 are studied, which allows evaluating five domains and 25 facets, through a reduced number of items (108). We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of n = 525 subjects from the general population, who answered the adapted version of the PID-5 and the Adjectives Checklist to Assess the Big Five Personality Factors (AEP), a Big Five Model measure. The following data analyses were performed: (1) Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to evaluate the internal structure of PID-5; (2) reliability analysis to assess the internal consistency of the PID-5 scales; (3) item analysis to assess discriminating power; (4) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine significant differences due to gender and age; and (5) bivariate correlation analysis to analyze PID-5 convergent validity. The results provided evidence of validity and reliability. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested a five-factor structure. The facets presented factor loadings in the domain theoretically expected, with some exceptions: Suspiciousness (loaded in Psychoticism), Hostility (loaded in Disinhibition), Depressivity (loaded in Detachment) and Insensitivity (loaded in Detachment). CFA also suggested a good model fit (CFI = .98; RMSEA = .04; SRMR = 0.083). Psychoticism, Detachment, and Disinhibition facets had their higher factor loadings in the expected domain. Negative affectivity showed higher correlations with the rest of the scales. Internal consistency was satisfactory, especially at the domain level, and the items had good discrimination indices. Correlations with the corresponding of the Big Five factors were observed, similar to previous studies. The five PID-5 domains were also found positively correlated. Additionally, gender and age differences were found. In line with previous literature, results suggest that some facets scales are “pure” markers of these domains (e. g., Psychoticism and Antagonism facets), whereas others (e. g., Negative Affectivity facets such as Depressiveness, Suspicion, Hostility), are located “in between” domains since they share features of more than one domain. Psychoticism facets presented higher loadings in their domains and lower in the rest. This is not surprising; although most of psychopathology cannot be understood as categories, schizophyte and Schizotypal Personality Disorder are exceptions, and Psychoticism would be the representation of these categories in the APA model. Findings also provide evidence of convergent validity for the instrument, as well as theorical evidence regarding the relationship between normal and pathological personality traits. This version can be used to evaluate the model, both in research and clinical practice. It has advantages over the original longer version, in terms of administration time and participants' fatigue, while maintaining its psychometric properties. The results are also expected to contribute to the recent literature on the dimensional approach to personality psychopathology. However, complementary studies, particularly with a clinical population, are needed.

Objective: To perform a clinical-epidemiological characterization of choledochal cyst in the pediatric population attended at the Hospital Materno Infantil. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study. The study population consisted of records with a diagnosis of choledochal cyst (CC) in the pediatric surgery service. Inclusion criteria: from birth to 18 years of age, operated in this hospital, clinical and imaging diagnosis. Statistical analysis: Epi Info.12.0 database, using frequency measures, such as mean and variance. Results: A total of 12 patients, female to male ratio was 3:1, with female predominance. The age group with the highest frequency was preschool with 41.7%. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain with 83.3%, the most frequent type of CC was type I with 75%, all of them were resected and the most frequent reconstruction was Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) with 83.3%. Discussion: The age group, sex and type of CC in this study coincides with the literature cited. Ultrasound may be sufficient for the diagnosis of CC, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography allows identification of the subtype of cyst and planning of surgical intervention. Conclusion: In our hospital there is little experience in performing hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) and no experience in performing laparoscopic HD and HJ, therefore, there is a need to improve the therapeutic options according to international standards. Furthermore, taking this study as a basis, further research with greater methodological complexity should be carried out.

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar caracterización clínica-epidemiológica de quiste de colédoco en la población infantil atendida en el Hospital Materno Infantil. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, descriptivo. La población del estudio consistió en los expedientes con diagnóstico de quiste de colédoco (QC) en el servicio de cirugía pediátrica. Criterios de inclusión: desde el nacimiento hasta los 18 años, operados en este hospital, diagnóstico clínico e imagenológico. Análisis estadístico: base de datos Epi Info.12.0, usando medidas de frecuencia, como la media y varianza. Resultados: Un total de 12 pacientes, la relación entre mujer hombre fue de 3:1, con predominio en mujeres. El grupo etario con mayor frecuencia fue el preescolar con 41,7%. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal con 83,3%; el tipo de QC más frecuente fue el tipo I con 75%, todos fueron resecados y la reconstitución de tránsito más utilizada fue la hepaticoyeyuno anastomosis en Y de Roux (HYYR) con 83,3%. Discusión: El grupo etario, el sexo y el tipo de QC en este estudio, coincide con la literatura citada. El ultrasonido puede ser suficiente para el diagnóstico de QC, la colangiopancreatografia por resonancia magnética permite identificar el subtipo de quiste y planificar la intervención quirúrgica. Conclusión: en nuestro hospital hay poca experiencia en la realización de hepaticoduodeno anastomosis (HD) y ninguna experiencia en la realización de HD y HYYR laparoscópicas, por lo cual, se plantea la necesidad de mejorar las opciones terapéuticas según estándares internaciones. Además, tomando este estudio como base, se deben realizar investigaciones posteriores con mayor complejidad metodológica.

ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access.

Resumen La reproducción sexual en animales es un proceso complejo que va más allá de la unión entre espermatozoide y óvulo. De hecho, la generación exitosa de la progenie depende, en gran medida, de una serie de conductas pre copulatorias específicas de la especie y el sexo, así como de interacciones físicas y moleculares que ocurren durante y después del apareamiento. Dichas señales e interacciones facilitan la localización, el reconocimiento y la atracción de la pareja, y aseguran la fertilización exitosa del huevo. Esta revisión se centró en los procesos comportamentales y fisiológicos necesarios para la reproducción en mosquitos vectores de enfermedades, Aedes y Anopheles. Se destacan trabajos recientes que han dilucidado los comportamientos pre-apareamiento de machos y hembras que conducen a una cópula exitosa y se describen los cambios fisiológicos y de comportamiento posteriores al apareamiento observados en las hembras, que facilitan, principalmente, la producción de progenie. Así mismo, se discute el papel de las moléculas específicas del sexo en la mediación de los cambios posteriores al apareamiento observados en las hembras apareadas de Aedes y Anopheles. Finalmente, se da una descripción general de cómo los factores ambientales (por ejemplo, la temperatura, el estado nutricional o la composición del microbioma) pueden influir en la fertilidad de los adultos.

Abstract Sexual reproduction in animals is more than the union of sperm and eggs, as the successful generation of progeny requires a series of interactions, e.g., behavioral, physical, and molecular, between males and females to ensure that a spermatozoon will ultimately fertilize an egg. Thus, reproduction is a complex process in which species- and sex-specific behavioral cues are required for the localization, recognition, and attraction of a sexual partner, and post-insemination interactions between male and female molecules mediate physiological and behavioral changes in females necessary for optimal reproductive output. In this review, we have focused on the behavioral and physiological processes required for reproduction in Aedes and Anopheles vector mosquitoes. We highlight recent work that has elucidated the pre-mating behaviors of males and females that lead to a successful copulation, describe the post-mating behavioral and physiological changes observed in females, which primarily serve to facilitate the production of progeny, and discuss the role of sex-specific molecules in mediating the post-mating changes observed in mated Aedes and Anopheles females. Finally, we give an overview of how environmental factors (e.g., temperature, nutritional status, or the composition of the microbiome) can influence adult fertility.

Abstract This paper examines the effect of Board independence on the profitability- of non-financial companies listed in Mexico and Chile from 2009 to 2016. It examines the impact on financial performance of the percentage of independent Board members and their tenure, which is evaluated considering ownership concentration. Based on dynamic panel models, the study concludes that the degree of independence does not favor business results, regardless of the concentration of ownership. However, the tenure of independent directors does have a negative impact on the performance of these firms. The results obtained question the legal requirements related to corporate governance tor the companies listed in Latin America and suggest empirical lines of research that encourage identifying effective checks and balances for these companies.

Resumen Este artículo indaga sobre el efecto de la independencia de los Consejos de Administración (juntas directivas) en la rentabilidad de las empresas no financieras listadas en México y Chile durante 2009-2016. Se estudia el impacto sobre el desempeño financiero tanto del porcentaje de miembros independientes como de la antigüedad de estos en el cargo. Lo anterior se evalúa tomando en cuenta la concentración de la propiedad accionaria. Se concluye, mediante un análisis de panel dinámico, que el grado de independencia no favorece los resultados empresariales, independientemente de la concentración de la propiedad. No obstante, la antigüedad de los directores independientes sí repercute negativamente sobre la rentabilidad de estas firmas. Lo anterior pone bajo debate los requerimientos legales en materia de gobierno corporativo para las empresas listadas en América Latina y sugiere líneas de investigación empíricas que favorezcan la identificación de pesos y contrapesos efectivos para estas firmas. JEL Classification: G32, G34

Abstract Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as the drugs that have changed the man agement of the antithrombotic treatment in the last 15 years. Their advantages, like a more friendly way of anticoagulation and their lower risk of bleeding, especially in the brain, have positioned these new anticoagu lants as the first drug of choice in the two most frequent indications of anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, and the venous thromboembolic disease. However, not all the patients can receive these agents, not all the direct oral anticoagulants have the same characteristics, and most importantly, not all the diseases with an indication of an anticoagulant drug can be treated with them. Therefore, it is mandatory that all the faculties involved in the management of these drugs must know them in depth, to decide the best treatment for the patient. This position paper, from a group of experts in anticoagulation in Argentina, can help the general practitioner in the daily use of direct oral anticoagulants based on the new evidence and the experience of a wide group of professionals. The way we relate to the anticoagulant treatment has changed in the last years. The doctors who work with them must also do so.

Resumen Los anticoagulantes orales directos han surgido como una de las herramientas que ha cambiado el manejo de la enfermedad trombótica en los últimos 15 años. Sus ventajas, desde el punto de vista de la facilidad de uso y menor riesgo de sangrado, especialmente de sangrado cerebral, han posicionado a estos nuevos anticoagulantes como la primera alternativa de tratamiento en las dos indicaciones más frecuentes en que necesitamos estas drogas, la fibrilación auricular y la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. Sin embargo, no todos los pacientes pueden recibir estos agentes, no todos los anticoagulantes directos tienen las mismas pro piedades y fundamentalmente, no todas las enfermedades con indicación de un anticoagulante pueden tratarse con ellos;con lo cual es necesario que todos los profesionales que están involucrados en el manejo de estos medicamentos estén obligados a conocerlos en profundidad, para poder decidir el mejor tratamiento en cada caso particular. Este documento de posición de expertos de diferentes especialidades de Argentina, presenta lineamientos para el uso correcto de los anticoagulantes directos en base a nueva evidencia y a la experiencia de uso de un amplio grupo de profesionales. La forma de relacionarnos con el tratamiento anticoagulante ha cambiado. Los médicos que trabajamos con ellos también debemos hacerlo.

Resumen Objetivo: El proyecto CoVIDA es una colaboración público-privada liderada por la Universidad de los Andes que contribuyó a la vigilancia epidemiológica del SARS-CoV-2 en Bogotá y municipios cercanos. Nuestro objetivo fue describir el desarrollo y rendimiento de la estrategia de tamizaje gratuito con RT-PCR mediante un modelo Drive/Walk through para SARS-CoV-2 implementado por CoVIDA. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos un análisis descriptivo de las características y desempeño de los centros de tamizaje Drive/Walk through de CoVIDA. El modelo y los indicadores de proceso para evaluar el desempeño del modelo se basaron en experiencias internacionales y la literatura científica. Se implementaron dos cen tros de tamizaje en centros comerciales del norte y sur de Bogotá. Se reportó la cantidad de pruebas tomadas, pruebas positivas y de participantes que utilizaron el modelo de acuerdo con el tipo de ocupaciones. Resultados : En total, se realizaron 36,689 pruebas RT-PCR nasofaríngeas para SARS-CoV-2 con una positividad acumulada del 5,75%. Los indicadores de proceso mostraron un excelente desempeño y una contribución importante en la reducción de las barreras de acceso a las pruebas. Conclusiones: los centros de tamizaje con modelo Drive/Walk through de CoVIDA apoyaron la vigilancia epidemiológica en población asintomática o con síntomas leves en Bogotá. Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos pueden utilizar este modelo como una estrategia innovadora y rentable para aumentar la realización de las pruebas y ayudar a mitigar la pandemia.

Abstract Objective: The CoVIDA project is a public-private collaboration led by Universidad de los Andes that contributed to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance in Bogotá and nearby municipalities. We aimed to describe the development and performance of the Drive/Walk-through free RT- PCR for SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy implemented by CoVIDA. Material and method: We performed a descriptive analysis of the characteristics and performance of the CoVIDA Drive/Walk-through testing centers. The model and the process indicators to assess the model’s performance were based on international experiences and scientific literature. Two screening centers were imple mented in shopping centers in the north and south of Bogotá. We reported the number of tests taken, the number of positive tests, and the number of participants that used the model by the type of occupations. Results: In total, 36,689 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed with a 5.75% cumulative positivity. Process indicators showed an excellent performance and an important contribution in reducing barriers to access to testing. Conclusions: the CoVIDA Drive/Walk-through testing centers supported the epidemiological surveillance in asymptomatic or mild-symptomatic population in Bo gotá. Low and middle-income countries can use this model as a cost-effective and innovative solution strategy to intensify testing and help mitigate the pandemic.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The intensity of the thromboprophylaxis needed as a potential factor for preventing inpatient mortality due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between anticoagulation intensity and COVID-19 survival. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective observational study in a tertiary-level hospital in Spain. METHODS: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) status was ascertained based on prescription at admission. To control for immortal time bias, anticoagulant use was analyzed as a time-dependent variable. RESULTS: 690 patients were included (median age, 72 years). LMWH was administered to 615 patients, starting from hospital admission (89.1%). 410 (66.7%) received prophylactic-dose LMWH; 120 (19.5%), therapeutic-dose LMWH; and another 85 (13.8%) who presented respiratory failure, high D-dimer levels (> 3 mg/l) and non-worsening of inflammation markers received prophylaxis of intermediate-dose LMWH. The overall inpatient-mortality rate was 38.5%. The anticoagulant nonuser group presented higher mortality risk than each of the following groups: any LMWH users (HR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.40-3.15); the prophylactic-dose heparin group (HR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.57-3.64); and the users of heparin dose according to biomarkers (HR 6.52; 95% CI, 2.95-14.41). 3.4% of the patients experienced major hemorrhage. 2.8% of the patients developed an episode of thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: This observational study showed that LMWH administered at the time of admission was associated with lower mortality among unselected adult COVID-19 inpatients. The magnitude of the benefit may have been greatest for the intermediate-dose subgroup. Randomized controlled trials to assess the benefit of heparin within different therapeutic regimes for COVID-19 patients are required.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Resumir los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en Costa Rica en las que se aplicaron métodos matemáticos y estadísticos para estudiar la dinámica de transmisión de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos. Métodos. Se seleccionaron y analizaron tres artículos con análisis matemáticos y estadísticos sobre enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en Costa Rica. En estos artículos se muestra el valor y la pertinencia de emplear diferentes métodos cuantitativos para comprender la dinámica de la enfermedad y brindar apoyo a la toma de decisiones. Resultados. Los resultados de estas investigaciones: 1) muestran la repercusión en los informes de casos de dengue cuando surge un segundo agente patógeno, como el chikunguña; 2) recuperan parámetros clave en la dinámica del Zika mediante la inferencia bayesiana; y 3) muestran el uso de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y las variables climáticas para pronosticar el riesgo relativo de dengue en cinco lugares diferentes. Conclusiones. Los modelos matemáticos y estadísticos permiten describir la dinámica de transmisión de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos, mediante la provisión de información cuantitativa para brindar apoyo a los métodos de prevención y control y a la planificación de la asignación de recursos.

ABSTRACT Objective. To summarize the results of research conducted in Costa Rica in which mathematical and statistical methods were implemented to study the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods. Three articles with mathematical and statistical analysis on vector-borne diseases in Costa Rica were selected and reviewed. These papers show the value and relevance of using different quantitative methods to understand disease dynamics and support decision-making. Results. The results of these investigations: 1) show the impact on dengue case reports when a second pathogen emerges, such as chikungunya; 2) recover key parameters in Zika dynamics using Bayesian inference; and 3) show the use of machine learning algorithms and climatic variables to forecast the dengue relative risk in five different locations. Conclusions. Mathematical and statistical modeling enables the description of mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics, providing quantitative information to support prevention/control methods and resource allocation planning.

RESUMO Objetivo. Resumir os resultados de estudos realizados na Costa Rica em que foram aplicados métodos matemáticos e estatísticos para estudar a dinâmica de transmissão de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos. Métodos. Foram selecionados e revisados três artigos com análises matemáticas e estatísticas sobre doenças transmitidas por vetores na Costa Rica. Esses artigos mostram o valor e a pertinência do uso de diferentes métodos quantitativos para compreender a dinâmica das doenças e apoiar a tomada de decisões. Resultados. Os resultados dessas investigações: 1) mostram o impacto nas notificações de casos de dengue quando surge um segundo patógeno, como o chikungunya; 2) recuperam parâmetros-chave na dinâmica do zika, usando a inferência bayesiana; e 3) mostram o uso de algoritmos de aprendizagem por máquina e variáveis climáticas para prever o risco relativo da dengue em cinco locais diferentes. Conclusões. A modelagem matemática e estatística permite a descrição da dinâmica de transmissão de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos ao oferecer informações quantitativas para apoiar métodos de prevenção e/ou controle e o planejamento da alocação de recursos.

Abstract The Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) is a brief measure of the general tendency to be attentive and aware of experiences in the present moment during daily life. The MAAS-5 has been used in different countries; however, an assessment of its cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) has not been conducted. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the MAAS-5 in university students from two countries: Peru and Mexico. A total of 1144 university students from Peru (N = 822) and Mexico (N = 322) responded online to the Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Measurement invariance tests the hypothesis that the model behind a set of scores is comparable between groups. The results showed that the unidimensional structure of the MAAS-5 is the same between Peruvian and Mexican university students. Therefore, it is suggested that university students from both countries conceptualize the mindfulness in a similar way. As a result, the MAAS-5 can be used to compare differences between countries. No significant differences were observed in the MAAS-5 score between Peruvian and Mexican university students. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the psychometric properties of the MAAS-5 by presenting MI results in two Latin American countries. Implications of the findings are discussed, which will facilitate a more solid and reliable use of the MAAS-5 in future cross-cultural studies.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación e interacción de los parámetros de laboratorio, SAPSII, MSI y MPI con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: Nosotros realizamos un estudio de casos y controles de pacientes adultos con sepsis abdominal desde mayo 2015 a mayo 2020. Recolectamos las características basales, parámetros de laboratorio, SAPSII, MSI y MPI al ingreso. Se aplicó un Análisis de Componentes Principales. El riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria se determinó mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: Identificamos 127 pacientes, 60 de los cuales se incluyeron. Los no supervivientes (48,4%) tuvieron mayor frecuencia de HAS, lactato y MPI, y menores niveles de EB y EB aláctico. Se obtuvieron ocho Componentes Principales (PC), siendo PC1 una combinación lineal de pH, AG, cAG, EB aláctico, bicarbonato y EB. MPI (OR = 9.87, IC95%: 3.07-36.61, p = 0.0002), SAPSII (OR = 1.07, IC95%: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.01) y PC1 (OR = 2.13, IC95%: 1.12-4.76, p = 0.04) se asociaron significativamente con la mortalidad en el análisis univariado, mientras que MPI (OR = 10.1, IC95%: 3.03-40.06, p = 0.0003) y SAPSII (OR = 1.07, IC 95%: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.02) permanecieron significativos después del ajuste por edad y sexo. Conclusiones: MPI y SAPSII se asociaron con mortalidad, aunque la interacción de los parámetros de laboratorio no lo hizo.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association and interaction of laboratory parameters, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII), Modified Shock Index (MSI), and Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) with in-hospital mortality. Material and methods: We conducted a single-center case–control study. Adult patients with abdominal sepsis were included from May 2015 to May 2020. Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, SAPSII, MSI, and MPI scores at admission were collected. A principal component (PC) analysis was applied to evaluate variable interactions. In-hospital mortality risk was determined through logistic regression models. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were identified, 60 of which were included for analyses. Non-survivors (48.4%) had a higher frequency of hypertension, lactate and MPI, and lower BE and alactic BE levels. Eight PCs were obtained, PC1 being a linear combination of pH, AG, cAG, alactic BE, bicarbonate, and BE. MPI (OR = 9.87, 95% CI: 3.07-36.61, p = 0.0002), SAPSII (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.01), and PC1 (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.12-4.76, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with mortality in univariate analysis, while MPI (OR = 10.1, 95% CI: 3.03-40.06, p = 0.0003) and SAPSII (OR = 1.07, CI95%: 1.01–1.14, p = 0.02) remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusion: MPI and SAPSII were associated with mortality, although the interaction of laboratory parameters was not.