ABSTRACT: Rootstocks influence certain characteristics of the scion, such as vigor, fruit yield and quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors. In conventional citrus breeding programs, hybridization is the main method used for obtaining rootstock varieties. Between Sept and Oct 2006, controlled pollinations were carried out resulting in nine progenies, totaling 461 hybrid seedlings. The female parents were the ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime (SCRL) and the ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (SFM), while the male parents, in addition to this mandarin, were the ‘Indio’ and ‘Riverside’ citrandarins, the ‘Thomasville’ citrangequat (THOM), the ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, the ‘Argentina’ citrange (AGC) and the ‘Benecke’ trifoliate orange (BKTO). Fruit setting rates of these crosses were measured and the hybrids generated were planted in the field in 2008 and evaluated from 2010 to 2014, for the variables of plant mortality, visual vigor, plant height and trunk diameter. The descriptive statistics mean, variation range, coefficient of variation and Pearson skewness coefficient were calculated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means of the treatments were grouped by the Scott-Knott test, both at 5 % significance. The progenies, having the ‘Sunki’ mandarin as the female parent, presented higher fruit setting rates and lower plant mortality rates than those obtained from the female parent ‘Rangpur’ lime, while zero plant mortality was observed in the SFM × BKTO cross. The crosses SCRL × SFM, SFM × BKTO, SFM × AGC and SFM × THOM have the potential to generate vigorous hybrids, resulting in rootstock varieties adapted to the landscape unit of Coastal Tableland.

A ocorrência de poliembrionia, elevada heterozigosidade e longo período pré-reprodutivo são os principais obstáculos à geração de variedades híbridas de citros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção de indivíduos com potencial de uso como porta-enxertos através de cruzamentos entre diversas variedades. Observou-se que as hibridações envolvendo a tangerineira 'Sunki da Flórida' (TSKFL) como parental feminino possibilitaram a geração de maiores quantidades de híbridos, dando-se o contrário em relação àquelas em que os parentais femininos foram as tangerineiras 'Cleópatra', 'Sunki Maravilha', 'Sunki Tropical' e 'Dancy', assim como o limeiro 'Rugoso da Flórida', ocupando posições intermediárias os limoeiros 'Cravo Santa Cruz' e 'Rugoso CNPMF-001'. Confrontando essas observações com as relativas ao grau de poliembrionia dos parentais femininos utilizados, constatou-se, de modo geral, uma relação inversa entre o grau de poliembrionia e o número de híbridos gerados. Os cruzamentos TSKFL x (limoeiro 'Cravo x Poncirus trifolata), TSKFL x citrange 'Yuma', TSKFL x citrangequat 'Thomasville', TSKFL x Citrus webberi, TSKFL x citrange 'Argentina' e TSKFL x citrange 'Coleman', notadamente os quatro primeiros, permitiram a obtenção de elevadas quantidades de híbridos.

Polyembryony, heterozygosity and long pre-reproductive period are the main obstacles for developing citrus hybrid varieties. This study was based on crosses between several varieties, when crossed with 'Sunki of Florida' mandarin (TSKFL) as the female parent generated greater amounts of hybrids, contrary to the results obtained when 'Cleopatra', 'Sunki Maravilha' and 'Sunki Tropical' mandarins, as well as 'Dancy' tangerine and 'Florida' rough lemon, were used as the female parent, whereas the 'Rangpur Santa Cruz' lime and the 'CNPMF-001' rough lemon occupied intermediary positions. Confronting these observations in regard to the level of polyembryony of the female parents used, in general, an inverse relationship was observed between the level of polyembryony and the number of hybrids generated. The crosses TSKFL x ('Rangpur' lime x Poncirus trifoliata), TSKFL x 'Yuma' citrange, TSKFL x 'Thomasville' citrangequat, TSKFL x Citrus webberi, TSKFL x 'Argentina' citrange and TSKFL x 'Coleman' citrange, notably the first four, produced very high amounts of hybrids.