ABSTRACT Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions.

RESUMO Leptospirose e toxoplasmose são zoonoses de caráter ocupacional disseminadas mundialmente, principalmente em áreas tropicais e socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. Ambas as doenças têm hospedeiros vertebrados, que espalham o agente infeccioso para o meio ambiente e são potencialmente infecciosos para o homem, as quais podem evoluir para casos fatais. O presente estudo reforça a importância da saúde única para o controle e a profilaxia da leptospirose e da toxoplasmose, mediante a utilização de animais sentinela em áreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com base em estudo sorológico. Um total de 336 amostras de sangue foi obtido da população canina de um distrito urbano que apresenta altos índices de pobreza e ausência de saneamento básico. Os resultados foram analisados com base em animais sororreagentes e georreferenciados por mapeamento espacial de Kernel. Um total de 43,3% (52/120) dos animais foi sororreagente para anti-Leptospira spp., com predominância de Canicola (35/52 = 67,3%) e Pirogenes (5/52 = 9,6%), enquanto 52,97% (178/336) dos cães foram sororreagentes para anti-Toxoplasma gondii. A presença de cães sororreagentes para ambas as doenças alerta para as condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas da região estudada e evidencia a importância de um levantamento da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental para identificar fatores relacionados aos elos da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão do patógeno e ações corretivas necessárias.

The present quantitative study shows the singularities of the university audience in Mexico in 2017, measured according to their civic participation, how they assess national institutions, and how they interact with the media regarding social and political issues. The surveyed population consisted of 1,195 young adults of 23 years of average age and who are part of private universities located in Jalisco, Mexico City and Aguascalientes. The results indicate that the offline participation in social capital is more significant than online participation of this university audience. The only institutions that have an approval index for this audience are religious institutions, universities, and the media. Finally, the university audience in Mexico has features of being passive and conservative regarding its consumption of information and its political participation in media. This population reflects apathy in expressing their opinion in media regarding social and political issues in the country.

Esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo muestra las singularidades de una audiencia universitaria en México en 2017, medida según su participación cívica, la valoración que da a las instituciones y la actuación interactiva que tiene con los medios respecto a temas sociales y políticos. La población encuestada estuvo formada por 1,195 jóvenes adultos de 23 años de edad promedio y que forma parte de la comunidad universitaria situada en Jalisco, Ciudad de México y Aguascalientes. Los resultados muestran que la participación offline de capital social fue más significativa que la online. Las instituciones que tuvieron índice aprobatorio fueron las religiosas, las universidades y los medios de comunicación. En este ámbito, existieron diferencias significativas al evaluarlas entre grupos de edad y según el sexo. Esta audiencia tuvo rasgos de ser pasiva y conservadora respecto a su consumo informativo y reflejó apatía para manifestar su opinión en los medios de comunicación del país.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a contagem de células somáticas, a prevalência e a etiologia da mastite bubalina nas estações seca e chuvosa em um rebanho de bubalinos do município de Analândia, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Adicionalmente, verificou-se o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana dos micro-organismos isolados nas amostras de leite das búfalas. Foram avaliadas 1.042 amostras de leite de búfalas da raça Murrah pertencentes a uma propriedade rural localizada no município de Analândia-SP, obtidas no período de maio de 2011 e novembro de 2012. Após o exame físico da glândula mamária, foram realizados o teste da caneca de fundo escuro e o California Mastits Test (CMT); em seguida, foram colhidas, de forma asséptica, amostras de 50mL de leite de cada quarto mamário, para a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em aparelho automático e exame microbiológico. Também, foi avaliado o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana a ampicilina, cefoperazona, ceftiofur, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina, oxacilina, penicilina e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim, pelo método de difusão em disco. A temperatura média e o índice pluviométrico mensais foram obtidos no Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas (CIIAGRO) do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). Notou-se que as amostras de leite com resultado positivo no exame microbiológico apresentaram CCS média de 137.720 células/mL, no período seco, e 190.309 células/mL, no período chuvoso. Embora tenha se constatado maior índice de isolamentos de micro-organismos nas amostras de leite obtidas no período chuvoso (69/600) do que no período seco (50/442), a frequência de isolamentos não foi influenciada significativamente pela estação do ano. Os principais gêneros de micro-organismos isolados durante o período seco foram Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (38,4%), Streptococcus agalactiae (28,8%) e Bacillus spp. (7,56%), e no período chuvoso Corynebacterium sp. (23,5%), Streptococcusspp. (32,3%) e Streptococcus agalactiae (9,24%). Verificou-se resistência a três ou mais antimicrobianos em 30,1% dos micro-organismos isolados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC), prevalence and etiology of mastitis in a dairy buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the dry and rainy seasons. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of microorganisms isolated from milk samples was also evaluated. 1,042 milk samples from female Murrah buffaloes in a dairy farm located in Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil, collected between May 2011 and November 2012 were analyzed. After the mammary gland physical examination, strip cup test and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were performed. Afterwards, 50mL of milk samples from each mammary quarter were collected aseptically for SCC in automatic equipment and microbiological examination. The antimicrobial sensitivity profile to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The monthly average temperature and pluviometric index were obtained from "Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas" (CIIAGRO) of "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" (IAC). Milk samples with positive results in the microbiological test showed average SCC of 137,720 cells/mL in the dry period and 190,309 cells/mL in the rainy period. Although a higher number of isolated microorganisms was observed in buffalo milk samples during the rainy period (69/600) compared to the dry period (50/442), the season had no significant effect on the frequency of isolation of microorganisms. The main genera of microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (38.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae(28.8%), and Bacillus spp. (7.56%) during the dry season and Corynebacterium sp. (23.5%), Streptococcus spp. (32.3%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (9.24%) during the rainy period. Multidrug resistance was observed in 30.1% of the isolated microorganisms.

A aroeira-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) é espécie arbórea que apresenta grande valor econômico devido às propriedades químicas da casca com elevado teor de taninos. Em decorrência da exploração predatória encontra-se inserida na lista oficial de espécies da flora brasileira ameaçadas de extinção na categoria vulnerável. A micropropagação vem sendo colocada como importante forma de multiplicação dessa espécie, na busca de alternativa para a exploração sustentável. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de induzir calos a partir de segmentos foliares usando 2,4-D e caracterizá-los quanto aos aspectos morfológicos e bioquímicos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que é possível induzir calos a partir de segmentos foliares de aroeira-do-sertão utilizando-se 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D). Os calos obtidos foram compactos e não-embriogênicos, apresentando valores médios de 43,32 mg g-1 de açúcares solúveis totais; 23,62 mg g-1 de açúcares redutores; 3,157 mg g-1 de proteína total; 3,147 mg g-1 de aminoácidos livres e 0,914 mg g-1 de compostos fenólicos totais na matéria fresca.

"Aroeira-do-sertão" (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) is a tree species that has great economic value due to the chemical properties of its bark, which has high tannin content. On account of the predatory exploitation it has been placed in the official list of threatened species of the Brazilian flora, in the vulnerable category. Micropropagation has been considered an important form of multiplication of this species in the search for an alternative for its sustainable exploitation. This study was conducted with the aim of inducing callus from leaf segments using 2,4-D and characterizing them according to their morphological and biochemical aspects. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to induce callus from leaf segments of M. urundeuva using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D). The obtained calluses were compact and non-embryogenic, with average values of 43.32 mg g-1 total soluble sugars, 23.62 mg g-1 reducing sugars, 3.157 mg g-1 total protein, 3.147 mg g-1 free-form amino acids and 0.914 mg g-1 phenolic compounds in the fresh matter.

Sleep disorders are not uncommon and have been widely reported throughout the world. They have a profound impact on industrialized 24-h societies. Consequences of these problems include impaired social and recreational activities, increased human errors, loss of productivity, and elevated risk of accidents. Conditions such as acute and chronic insomnia, sleep loss, excessive sleepiness, shift-work, jet lag, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea warrant public health attention, since residual sleepiness during the day may affect performance of daily activities such as driving a car. Benzodiazepine hypnotics and zopiclone promote sleep, both having residual effects the following day including sleepiness and reduced alertness. In contrast, the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zaleplon have no significant next-day residual effects when taken as recommended. Research on the effects of wakefulness-promoting drugs on driving ability is limited. Countermeasures for excessive daytime sleepiness have a limited effect. There is a need for a social awareness program to educate the public about the potential consequences of various sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, shift-work-related sleep loss, and excessive daytime sleepiness in order to reduce the number of sleep-related traffic accidents.

Sleep-related complaints have become a highlight for physicians as well as public health administrators. Studies of sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints of shift workers have been useful in minimizing reduction in the quality of life due to the warping of the sleep-wake cycle. The objective of the present study was to assess patterns of sleep, sleep-related complaints as well as physical activity and scoring rates for depression and anxiety in interstate bus drivers. Data were obtained with a sleep questionnaire, with the Beck inventory for depression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A total of 400 interstate bus drivers from the northern, southern, central-western and south-eastern regions of Brazil were interviewed. Sixty percent of the subjects interviewed presented at least one sleep-related complaint, 16% admitted to have dozed at the wheel while on duty, and 41% stated that they exercised on a regular basis. Other sleep disturbance complaints reported were: sleep latency 29'17"; physical fatigue, 59.8%; mental fatigue, 45.4%; sleepiness, 25.8%; irritability, 20.6%; insomnia, 37.5%, respiratory disturbances, 19.25% and snoring, 20.75%. Scores for anxiety and depression were not in the pathological range. The present data reinforce the view that bus drivers are generally discontent with shift work and its effects on sleep. Consequently, it is very important to establish an appropriate work schedule for drivers, besides implementing photo-therapy and physical activities in order to minimize sleepiness when driving.