Abstract Feeding is a determining factor in the various characteristics of sheep meat and animal performance, the objectives were to evaluate the effect of supplementation of ewe lambs finished in different nutritional planes on the gene expression of CASP3, CAPN1, CAPN2 and CAST and its possible association with meat quality. Samples of the Longissimus lumborum muscle of 24 ewe lambs were used, distributed in 3 groups (n=8): P (pasture), PS (pasture and supplement) and F (feedlot). Physicochemical analyses were performed for centesimal analysis, pH, lipid oxidation, Warner-Bratzler shear force and RT-qPCR for the analysis of relative gene expression of the following genes: CASP3, CAPN1, CAPN2 and CAST. There is an increase in daily weight gain and ethereal extract values in the meat of confined animals, due to the greater energy intake in the nutrition of these animals. Animals kept only on pasture have lower lipid oxidation in meat than other treatments because of the lower percentage of lipids. The Warner-Bratzler shear force is considerably higher in the meat of animals kept only on pasture but is still considered tender. The different nutritional systems do not interfere with the gene expression of CASP3, CAPN1, CAPN2 and CAST in ewe lambs.

RESUMO Toxoplasmose é uma zoonose determinada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii de ampla distribuição geográfica, que acomete animais homeotérmicos, sendo os felídeos os seus hospedeiros definitivos, e outros mamíferos e aves os seus hospedeiros intermediários. Em relação à espécie de ave latino-americana Cairina moschata, há poucos relatos no Brasil da exposição desses animais a esse protozoário. Mediante o exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo relatar pela primeira vez a exposição de C. moschata à infecção por esse parasito no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, determinando a frequência sorológica de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em aves dessa espécie. Foram capturados, nos arredores do Zoológico do Rio de Janeiro, 67 espécimes de C. moschata, sendo esses animais, no momento da captura, triados pelo gênero e pelo tipo de pena. Amostras de sangue desses animais foram obtidas por venopunção para obtenção do soro. As amostras de soro foram submetidas à RIFI para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii. De forma geral, a frequência de positividade evidenciada foi de 58,21% (n=39), sendo observada associação estatística significativa (P<0,05) entre animais com plumagem de adultos e soropositividade. A exposição dos patos a T. gondii nos arredores do zoológico pode indicar a contaminação dessa área com oocistos do protozoário.

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis determined by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii with wide geographic distribution, which affects homeothermic animals, with felids being their definitive hosts and other mammals and birds being their intermediate hosts. Regarding the Latin American bird species Cairina moschata, there are few reports in Brazil of the exposure of these animals to this protozoan. Based on the above, this study aimed to report for the first time the exposure of C. moschata to infection by this parasite in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, determining the serological frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies in birds of this species. Sixty-seven specimens of C. moschata were captured in the vicinity of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo, and these animals at the time of capture were sorted by gender and type of feather. Blood samples from these animals were obtained by venipuncture to obtain the serum. The serum samples were subjected to IFAT for anti-T. gondii IgG. In general, the frequency of positive results was 58.21% (n=39), with a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the animals with adult plumage and seropositivity. The exposure of ducks to T. gondii in the vicinity of the Zoo may indicate contamination of this area with protozoan oocysts.

RESUMO A ingestão de S. planicaulis (Sin. S. carpinifolia) tem sido responsabilizada por doença do armazenamento lisossomal em ovinos. O principal composto tóxico dessa planta, a swainsonina, inibe atividade enzimática da α-manosidase I e II, que redunda no armazenamento de glicoproteínas no interior de lisossomos. Descreveu-se um caso de intoxicação espontânea por S. planicaulis no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O exame físico dos animais afetados revelou déficit proprioceptivo, incoordenação motora, cambaleio à movimentação e tremores de intenção e na cabeça. A avaliação histopatológica evidenciou severa tumefação/vacuolização citoplasmática em neurônios de Purkinje, com aspecto espumoso e eventual cariólise ou cariopicnose e intensa vacuolização de células acinares do pâncreas e, menos marcadamente, foliculares da tireoide. O exame lectino-histoquímico positivo para as lectinas Con A, WGA e sWGA foi capaz de caracterizar a enfermidade como uma glicoproteinose. A avaliação ultraestrutural revelou numerosos vacúolos de até 2,5μm de diâmetro, delimitados por membranas de até 20nm de espessura em células acinares do pâncreas. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por S. planicaulis foi estabelecido com base nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados clínico-patológicos e confirmado pelas avaliações lectino-histoquímica e ultraestrutural. Esta é segunda descrição da intoxicação natural por S. planicaulis em ovinos no Brasil e a primeira na região Sudeste do país.

ABSTRACT Ingestion of S. planicaulis (Sin. S. carpinifolia) causes lysosomal storage disease in sheep. The main toxic compound of this plant, swainsonine, inhibits the enzymatic activity of α-mannosidase I and II, resulting in lysosomal storage of glycoproteins. We describe a case of spontaneous poisoning by S. planucaulis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Physical examination of affected animals revealed proprioceptive deficit, motor incoordination, staggering movement, and head tremors. Histopathological evaluation showed severe swelling/cytoplasmic vacuolization in Purkinje neurons, with a foamy appearance and occasional karyolysis or karyopyknosis, and intense vacuolization of acinar cells of the pancreas and, less markedly, thyroid follicular cells. The positive lectin-histochemistry labeling for Con A, WGA and sWGA lectins characterized the disease as a glycoproteinosis. The ultrastructural evaluation revealed numerous vacuoles up to 2.5μm in diameter bounded by membranes up to 20nm thick in pancreatic acinar cells. The diagnosis of S. planicaulis toxicity was established based on epidemiological data, clinicopathological, lectino-histochemical, and ultrastructural findings. This is the second report of spontaneous poisoning of sheep by S. planicaulis in Brazil, but the first in the Southeastern Brazil.

This work investigates the synergistic use of Theobroma cacao (Cocoa), and Elaeis guineensis (Palm oil) as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 0.5 mol.L-1 hydrochloric acid solution, in the absence and presence of different mixture concentrations of the studied compounds. The efficiency of corrosion inhibitors was studied by gravimetric tests and the corrosion resistance by electrochemical tests, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. The chemical composition of the cocoa bark powder and palm kernel cake powder was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the gravimetric tests showed an inhibition efficiency of 79% for the cocoa bark powder and 76% for palm kernel cake powder, however, the mixture of the compounds presented an inhibition superior to 94%, showing the great synergism between the studied species. These results corroborate the values obtained from EIS.

Abstract Aiming to compare and update the sand fly fauna of São José farm, Carmo District, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and considering the environmental changes occurred, the biology and ecology of the local sandfly species were examined twelve years later as a complementary study carried. Captures were made in the intra, peridomicile and in the woods, from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. 1210 sandflies of fifteen species of the Lutzomyia were captured: L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. lenti, L. aragaoi, L. cortelezzii, L. quinquefer, L. carrerai carrerai, L. davisi, L. lanei, L. fischeri, L. monticola, L. ayrozai, L. sordellii, L. lutziana, L. sp and two species of the Brumptomyia Kind: B. brumpti and B. cardosoi. In 1994 and 1995 were collected 4603 samples from six species of the former genus and three of the second. Lutzomyia intermedia was predominant, in the intra and in the peridomicile, in both periods. B. bumpti, collected only in the recent prevailed i n the woods. Six species implicated as vector of Leishmania: L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. ayrozai, L. fischeri, L. davisi, L. carrerai carrerai and L. migonei have been collected in the area, however, this last only in the previous study.

Abstract Pure titanium and various alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, are widely used as biomaterials. In this application, surface finish conditions, topography, and surface reactivity determine excellent cellular adhesion and osseointegration characteristics. The study evaluated the influence of four surface finishing treatments (sanding #120, 600, 1200, and polished with 3 µm alumina paste) and three shapes (concave, convex, and flat) on the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V at 37 °C in simulated body fluid (SBF) through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The SBF's ionic composition allowed the formation of a stable passive layer with a low presence of pores on the surface. In addition, the combination of polished surface and convex shape showed the best electrochemical passive behavior.

Chia gel is known for its functional properties such as high water and oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity, and as a stabilizer for foams and emulsions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of chia gel as a substitute for pork fat in formulations of fishburgers made with Nile tilapia. Five formulations, one control and four with increasing levels of substitution of chia gel (12.50, 25.00, 37.50 and 50.00%) were evaluated. The fishburgers were characterized regarding their physicochemical composition, their technological characteristics, and microbiological viability. With the incorporation of the gel, there was a significant reduction in lipid component and the caloric value of the formulations, in addition to an increase in the percentage of dietary fibre. In addition, no negative effects were observed regarding yield and the main texture parameters studied. However, the formulations with the highest percentage replacement of pork fat by chia gel were darker when compared to the control treatment. Chia gel may be considered as a novel substitute for pork fat; however, it is recommended that techniques be employed to produce lighter gels, thus avoiding possible rejection by the consumer.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of clinoptilolite zeolite to enhance performance in broiler chickens. Nine hundred male broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design to four treatments with nine repetitions. Treatments included clinoptilolite zeolite in the diet at 0, 2500, 5000 and 10000 grams/ton. Inclusion of zeolite caused a linear increase in ammonia released by the litter after 21 days, with greater effects at 42 days. The digestibility coefficient for dry matter increased, whereas the digestibility coefficients for crude protein, gross energy, and ash were not affected. Zeolite affected the digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and ash, with digestible gross energy and digestible ash showing a quadratic effect. The same effect was shown in the percentage of abdominal fat and the relative weight of the pancreas. Zeolite did not change the performance, serum levels and quality of the litter at 42 days old. It improved the percentage of digestible nutrients and increased pancreas weight.

Resumo A tolerância à baixa disponibilidade hídrica é fator decisivo para o crescimento e sobrevivência das orquídeas em seu ambiente natural. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os atributos fotoquímicos de duas orquídeas epífitas (Cattleya warneri e Miltonia spectabilis) sob déficit hídrico (WD). A fluorescência da clorofila a foi registrada em folhas jovens e totalmente expandidas de 5 plantas/espécie adaptadas ao escuro por 60 minutos, entre 6 e 9 h da manhã, a 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de WD, usando um fluorômetro Handy-PEA (Hansatech, Reino Unido). Aumentos nas fases O-J e J-I, bandas L e K e diminuição da fase I-P foram observados após 30 dias de DW, principalmente em C. warneri. A diminuição da capacidade de redução da quinona A (QA) e das propriedades cinéticas requeridas para reações redox do pool de plastoquinona, a perda de conectividade energética entre unidades de fotossistema II (FSII), a inativação do complexo de evolução do oxigênio e a manutenção da taxa global de redução do pool aceptores de elétrons do fotossistema I foram observadas em M. spectabilis, espécie evidentemente mais tolerante. A maior habilidade dessa espécie em manter o conteúdo relativo de água nos tecidos fotossintéticos permite maior atividade fotoquímica.

Abstract The tolerance to low water availability is a decisive factor for growth and survival of orchids in their natural environment. The objective of this study was to characterize the photochemical traits of two epiphytic orchids (Cattleya warneri and Miltonia spectabilis) under water deficit (WD). Chlorophyll a fluorescence signals were recorded from young and fully expanded leaves of 5 plants/species after dark-adaption for 60 minutes, between 6-9 a.m. after 0, 30, 60, and 90 days of WD, using a Handy-PEA fluorometer (Hansatech, UK). Increases of O-J and J-I phases and L and K-bands and decreases of I-P phase were observed after 30 days of WD, especially in C. warneri. Decreases in the capacity to photochemically reduce quinone A (QA) and the kinetic properties required for redox reactions of the plastoquinone pool, the loss of energetic connectivity between units of PSII, inactivation of the oxygen evolution complex, and decrease of the overall rate of reducing the electron acceptor pool of photosystem I were observed in M. spectabilis, a more tolerant species. The greater ability of this species to maintain higher relative water content (RWC) in photosynthetic tissues allows greater photochemical activity.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de Dicephalus Iniodymus Monauchenos em um neonato da raça Nelore de produção in vitro. Foi atendida uma fêmea bovina, de três dias de idade, com duplicação das cabeças e histórico de nascimento por meio de cesariana. No exame físico, observou-se a dicefalia, Iniodymus e Monauchenos, apresentando quatro olhos e quatro orelhas. Na tomografia computadorizada, constatou-se a presença de dois crânios fundidos com um forame occipital comum, duas nasofaringes, orofaringes com presença de lábio leporino e fenda palatina na cabeça direita, que continuavam em um único esôfago e em uma única traqueia. Na necropsia, observou-se a presença de duplicação do encéfalo e cerebelo, com união das partes na região do corpo trapezoide do tronco encefálico, que continuavam como uma única medula espinhal. Este estudo caracteriza os achados clínicos, tomográficos e de necropsia de um neonato Nelore dicefálico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of dicephalus iniodymus monauchenos in a Nellore newborn. A three-days old calf, from in vitro production, with duplication of the head and a history of cesarean birth was attended. On physical examination, the dicephalus, iniodymus and monauchenos, which were almost the same size and shape, had four eyes and four ears. Computed tomography showed the presence of two skulls fused with a common occipital foramen, two nasopharynxes, oropharynxes with the presence of a cleft lip and a cleft palate in the right head, which continued in a single esophagus and a single trachea. At necropsy, the presence of duplication of the cerebrum and cerebellum was observed, with union of the parts in the region of the trapezoid body of the brainstem and continued as a single spinal cord. This study characterizes the clinical, tomographic, and necropsy findings of a dicephalus Nelore neonate.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia in cellular death and proliferation in the harderian gland of female mice. METHODS: Twenty female mice were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and treated: 0.2 mL of saline solution (controls, Ctr) and 200 µg of metoclopramide (experimental, hyperprolactinemia), both for 50 consecutive days and at 12:00 a.m. On the 50th day, the female were euthanized, and the harderian glands were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry for detected ki67 and TUNEL method. Data were statistically analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The harderian gland of the hyperprolactinemia group showed increase in the immunoexpression of Ki67 and TUNEL compared to the Ctr group (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the amount of porphyrin in the HPrl group compared to the Ctr group. CONCLUSION: The hyperprolactinemia led to increased cell death in the acini the harderian gland and cell proliferation in the stroma glandular, fact that suggesting a reduction process of cellular activity and fibrosis, which suggests impairment in the functioning of the lacrimal harderian.

RESUMO A metaplasia escamosa da rete ovarii é uma patologia ovariana caracterizada pela substituição do epitélio simples cuboidal normal da rete ovarii por um epitélio estratificado escamoso queratinizado. Útero e ovários de uma vaca mestiça gestante, proveniente de abatedouro, foram avaliados por ultrassonografia, macroscopia e histologia. Verificaram-se vários cistos em ambos os ovários, histologicamente caracterizados como cistos de rete ovarii com metaplasia escamosa, com acúmulo intraluminal de material queratinizado. Metaplasia escamosa da rete ovarii foi relatada anteriormente em vacas, porém este é o primeiro relato em que essa alteração ovariana é compatível com manutenção da ciclicidde ovariana e gestação na vaca.

ABSTRACT Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii is an ovarian pathologic change characterized by replacement of the normal single layered cuboidal epithelium of the rete ovarii by a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Uterus and ovaries from a local slaughterhouse pregnant crossbreed cow were evaluated through ultrasound, macroscopically and histologically. Grossly, there were multiple cysts in both ovaries, which were histologically characterized as rete ovarii cysts with squamous metaplasia and intraluminal accumulation of keratinized material. Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii has been previously reported in cows, however this is the first report of this condition in a pregnant animal, demonstrating that this ovarian change is compatible with pregnancy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of body image dissatisfaction on symptoms of depressive disorder in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study that included 2,162 adolescents ages 18-19 born in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, which was part of the joint RPS cohort (Brazilian birth cohorts of Ribeirão Preto-SP, Pelotas-RS, and São Luís-MA). Socioeconomic characteristics, nutritional status, mental health, and body image characteristics were evaluated. Body image was assessed by Stunkard’s silhouettes scale. The presence of symptoms indicative of depressive disorder was investigated through a diagnostic interview MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). A theoretical model was built in a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) in order to investigate the relationship between the variables of the study. The relationship was estimated weighting the inverse probability of selection for the variables of adjustment: sex and nutritional status. Among the dissatisfied adolescents due to overweight, 66.54% were girls, 32.85% were overweight, and 11.99% were obese (P<0.01). There was a significant association between dissatisfaction due to overweight and symptoms of depressive disorder (P=0.01), and there was no evidence of the same association with dissatisfaction due to thinness. Therefore, only dissatisfaction due to overweight was associated with the symptoms of depressive disorder in the evaluated adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Strategic planning for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) care has dominated the agenda of medical services, which have been further restricted by the need for minimizing viral transmission. Risk is particularly relevant in relation to endoscopy procedures. This study aimed to describe a contingency plan for a tertiary academic cancer center, define a strategy to prioritize and postpone examinations, and evaluate the infection rate among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the endoscopy unit of the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP). METHODS: We created a strategy to balance the risk of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to mitigate the effects of postponing endoscopic procedures in oncological patients. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on all endoscopies between March and June 2020 compared with those during the same period in 2019 was carried out. All HCWs were interviewed to obtain clinical data and SARS-CoV-2 test results. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 outbreak, there was a reduction of 55% in endoscopy cases in total. Colonoscopy was the most affected modality. The total infection rate among all HCWs was 38%. None of the senior digestive endoscopists had COVID-19. However, all bronchoscopists had been infected. One of three fellows had a serological diagnosis of COVID-19. Two-thirds of all nurses were infected, whereas half of all technicians were infected. CONCLUSIONS: In this pandemic scenario, all endoscopy services must prioritize the procedures that will be performed. It was possible to maintain some endoscopic procedures, including those meant to provide nutritional access, tissue diagnosis, and endoscopic resection. Personal protective equipment (PPE) seems effective in preventing transmission of COVID-19 from patients to digestive endoscopists. These measures can be useful in planning, even for pandemics in the future.

Abstract In this work blends based on calcium aluminate cement (CAC) containing bioactive glass (BG) (5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) and strontium oxide (1 wt%) were produced aiming improve their bioactivity and the capacity to stimulate the bone regeneration. In the first part, the blends containing only BG were characterized as theoretical density, microhardness, uniaxial cold crush strength after SBF and apparent porosity and pore size distribution before and after SBF treatment. In the second part, bioactivity and cell culture tests were also conducted in the blends containing BG and strontium oxide. The addition of 7.5 wt% of BG in homogeneous calcium aluminate cement (CH) improved its mechanical properties as microhardness and uniaxial cold crushing strength. The blends were more bioactive due to the presence of a highly soluble amorphous phase as confirmed by means of SEM/EDX mainly for 7.5 wt% BG without and with Sr from 1 day in SBF. FTIR analyses indicated the formation the apatite-like phase by means of increase of intensity of the PO43- peaks after SBF treatment. All blends allowed the development of the osteoblastic phenotype and the formation of mineralized matrix increased due to the inclusion of BG and Sr promoting the osteogenesis process.