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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Deep sea ecosystem exploration and ‘health check’: sampling strategy and methods applied during the iAtlantic_BR10_Petrobras cruise in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic
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Perez, Jose Angel A.

; Barros Neto, Halésio M.C. de

; Arantes, Renata C.M.

; Gaurisas, Daniela Y.

; Silva, Camila F.

; Alves, Fernanda Maria M.

; Costa, Júlia A.

; Eloi, Paula D.C.

; Fonseca, Thayse S.

; Gavazzoni, Lucas

; Lonskis, Isabella da S.

; Nardi, Ricardo U.

; Nascimento, Pedro O.

; Rodrigues, João Vitor M.

; Santos, Ana Lara F. dos

; Santos, Edson C. dos

; Schroeder, Rafael

; Silva, Luis Carlos da

; Souza, Fernanda dos S.S. de

; Bernardino, Ângelo F.

; Cavalcanti, Guarani H.

; Lindner, Alberto

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

; Millo, Christian

; Reis, Priscila

; Sweetman, Andrew K.

; Roberts, J. Murray

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23046

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The iAtlantic Project has established an international collaborative strategy to improve mapping and characterization of deep and open ocean ecosystems in understudied regions of the Atlantic and evaluate their health. In December 2022, the first iAtlantic expedition in the South Atlantic set off to map and explore seafloor ecosystems in the Santos Basin slope (200-1,000 m depths) in collaboration with the Petrobras ‘Santos Basin - Regional Characterization Project.’ The 17-day ‘iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras’ cruise was conducted on board the research vessel NPqHOc Vital de Oliveira (Brazilian Navy) and performed (a) water column structure characterization, (b) seafloor morphology mapping, (c) description of benthic habitats and communities by seafloor imagery and biological/ geological sampling, and (d) ex-situ experiments to assess the functioning of sedimentary ecosystems and their responses to climate-related environmental changes. This study describes the rationale behind the iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras cruise science plan, reports its sampling strategy and methods, and summarizes its collected data and preliminary results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23069jaap

Variability of individuals from a population Varronia curassavica Jacq. considering volatile compounds
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Fernandes, Thaíse Ohana Moura

; Araújo, Emanuelle Oliveira

; Santos, Adson Pereira dos

; Silva, Júlio Cesar Rodrigues Lopes

; Fonseca, Francine Souza Alves da

; Azevedo, Alcinei Místico

; Martins, Ernane Ronie

Ciência Rural

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2022, Volume 52 N. 8 elocation 20210040

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Varronia curassavica é uma espécie medicinal nativa no Brasil e sua propriedade anti-inflamatória é atribuída aos compostos α-humuleno e β-cariofileno. O objetivo foi estudar a variabilidade de população de V. curassavica. Foram coletadas folhas de 40 indivíduos de população natural, sendo estas transferidas para frascos de vidro (2 mL). Os voláteis foram extraídos e analisados por headspace estático, associado à cromatografia gasosa, acoplada à espectrometria de massas (HS-CG-EM). Detectou-se 17 compostos: monoterpenos (1,6% - 68%) e sesquiterpenos (25,7% - 79,0%), incluindo o α-humuleno e o β-cariofileno. A análise multivariada foi realizada para estimar a dissimilaridade dos indivíduos, a qual separou quatro grupos. O grupo I foi caracterizado pela presença do α-pineno, os grupos II e IV do β-cariofileno e o grupo III do β-pineno. O teor do α-humuleno apresentou pequenas variações, enquanto o do β-cariofileno contribuiu mais para a variabilidade da população. É o primeiro relato de análise da composição química de compostos voláteis de V. curassavica utilizando a técnica HS-GC-MS.

ABSTRACT: Varronia curassavica is a medicinal species native to Brazil; its anti-inflammatory properties are attributed to α-humulene and β-caryophyllene. This study to investigated the population variability of V. curassavica. Leaves were collected from 40 individuals of a natural population and transferred to glass flasks (2 mL). The volatiles were extracted and analyzed using static headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). A total of 17 compounds were detected: monoterpenes (1.6% - 68%) and sesquiterpenes (25.7% - 79.0%), including α-humulene and β-caryophyllene. Multivariate analysis was performed to estimate the dissimilarity of individuals separated the compounds into four groups. Group I was characterized by the content of α-pinene, groups II and IV by β-caryophyllene, and group III by β-pinene. The abundance of α-humulene showed small variations; while β-caryophyllene showed larger variations that contributed to the population variability. This is the first report on the chemical composition analysis of volatile compounds in V. curassavica using the HS-GC-MS technique.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210040

Riboflavin did not provide anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects in an experimental model of sepsis
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Vale, A.H.F.

; Nascimento, D.C.

; Pineros, A.R.

; Ferreira, R.G.

; Santos, J.D.

; Aragon, D.C.

; Cunha, F.Q.

; Ramalho, F.S.

; Alves-Filho, J.C.

; Carlotti, A.P.C.P.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e12107

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

We aimed to evaluate whether the administration of riboflavin to septic animals reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, and mortality. C57BL/6 mice, 6-8 weeks old, were allocated to the study group (polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) + antibiotic + iv riboflavin), control (CLP + antibiotic + iv saline), or naïve (non-operated controls). Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), urea, and creatinine, and markers of inflammation [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2)], and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured 12 h after the experiment. Animal survival rates were calculated after 7 days. Means between groups were compared using linear regression models adjusted under the Bayesian approach. No significant difference was observed between control and study groups in serum concentrations of IL-6 (95% credible interval) (-0.35 to 0.44), TNF-α (-15.7 to 99.1), KC (-0.13 to 0.05), MIP-2 (-0.84 to 0.06), MDA (-1.25 to 2.53), or ALT (-6.6 to 11.5). Serum concentrations of CK-MB (-145.1 to -30.1), urea (-114.7 to -15.1), and creatinine (-1.14 to -0.01) were higher in the study group. Survival was similar in both groups (P=0.8). Therefore, the use of riboflavin in mice undergoing sepsis induced by CLP did not reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, or mortality compared with placebo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2022e12107

Use of Fertiactyl Pos® for Protection of Eucalyptus Plants Subjected to Herbicide Drift
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SANTOS JR., A.

; FREITAS, F.C.L.

; SANTOS, I.T.

; SILVA, D.C.

; ALCÁNTARA-DE LA CRUZ, R.

; FERREIRA, L.R.

Planta Daninha

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2020, Volume 38 elocation e020176980

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A deriva de herbicida, por falhas de aplicação, pode causar intoxicação em plantas de eucalipto, comprometendo o crescimento destas. Entretanto, a adição de produtos protetores como Fertiactyl Pós® à calda tem se mostrado eficiente na redução da intoxicação de plantas de eucalipto expostas à deriva de herbicidas. Em face do exposto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito protetor do Fertiactyl Pós® sobre a redução de danos causados pela deriva dos herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-D e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D em plantas de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 + 1, correspondendo a três herbicidas: glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (680 g ha-1) e mistura em tanque de glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.440 g ha-1 + 680 g ha-1); duas doses de Fertiactyl Pós® (0 e 3,0 L ha-1); e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Antes da aplicação, a parte superior da copa do eucalipto foi protegida com sacos de polietileno, de modo a permitir que a calda atingisse apenas o terço inferior do dossel. A adição do Fertiactyl Pós® à calda com os herbicidas glyphosate e 2,4-D reduziu a intoxicação das plantas de eucalipto em 21,9% e 15,2%, respectivamente, aos 40 dias após a aplicação (DAA), em relação à aplicação dos respectivos herbicidas sem adição de Fertiactyl Pós®. A deriva da mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D potencializou a intoxicação das plantas do eucalipto em relação à aplicação isolada dos respectivos herbicidas e não houve resposta da adição do Fertiactyl Pós® na redução da intoxicação das plantas quando se aplicaram os herbicidas em mistura.

ABSTRACT: Herbicide drift, due to application failures, can cause intoxication in eucalyptus plants, compromising their growth. However, the addition of protective products such as Fertiactyl Pós® to the syrup has been shown to be efficient in reducing intoxication of eucalyptus plants exposed to herbicide drift. Given this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Fertiactyl Pós® on the reduction of damage caused by the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and the glyphosate + 2.4-D mixture in eucalyptus plants. The experiment was conducted in a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, corresponding to three herbicides: glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (680 g ha-1), glyphosate + 2.4- D (1,440 g ha-1 + 680 g ha-1); two doses of Fertiactyl Pós® (0 and 3.0 L ha-1) and one control without application. Prior to application, the top of the eucalyptus was covered with polyethylene bags to ensure the syrup only reached the lower third of the canopy. The addition of Fertiactyl Pós® to the syrup with glyphosate and 2.4 D herbicides reduced the intoxication of eucalyptus plants by 21.9 and 15.2%, respectively, at 40 days after application (DAA) when compared with the application of the respective herbicides without the addition of Fertiactyl Pós®. The glyphosate + 2.4-D mixture drift intensified the intoxication of the eucalyptus plants in comparison with the application of the respective herbicides in isolation. Besides, the addition of Fertiactyl Pós® to the glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture did not prevent plant intoxication.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100035 976 downloads

Correlação entre a deflexão intrinsecoide, classificação clínica e parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães com degeneração mixomatosa valvar mitral
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Veiga, D.C.

; Santos, G.C.

; Sousa, M.G.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2019, Volume 71 N. 5 Pages 1506 - 1512

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A degeneração mixomatosa valvar mitral (DMVM) costuma ser diagnosticada pelo ecocardiograma, porém o eletrocardiograma (ECG) pode sugerir alterações específicas e auxiliar no diagnóstico e no tratamento. A deflexão intrinsecóide (DI) é uma medida simples do ECG, que representa o início da despolarização ventricular e pode indicar a presença de sobrecargas e hipertrofia no ventrículo esquerdo. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar dados prévios sobre condição clínica e ecocardiograma de cães com endocardiose de mitral e o valor da deflexão intrinsecóide do ECG, para buscar uma relação de concordância. Foram selecionados os arquivos de 45 cães anteriormente atendidos na rotina clínica do HV-UPFR. A estatística mostrou diferença relevante nos grupos B1, B2 e C nas derivações D2, D3, aVF, rV, V2 e V4 (P<0,05), o que permitiu classificá-los de acordo com o tamanho da DI, e esse resultado correspondeu à classificação do consenso de endocardiose de mitral em cães nesses estágios. Concluiu-se que há um aumento gradativo no valor da DI à medida que a DMVM avança, principalmente nos estágios B1, B2 e C, associado à sobrecarga e à hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, portanto esse parâmetro pode ser usado na classificação da doença.

ABSTRACT The mitral valve myxomatous degeneration (DMVM) is usually diagnosed by echocardiography, however, electrocardiogram (ECG) may suggest specific alterations and aid diagnosis and treatment. Intrinsicoid deflection (DI) is a simple ECG measure that represents the onset of ventricular depolarization and may indicate the presence of overload and hypertrophy in the left ventricle. The objective of this study is to compare previous data on clinical condition and echocardiogram of dogs with mitral endocardiosis and the value of the intrinsicoid deflection from ECG to obtain a concordance relation. The archives of 45 previously examined dogs in the clinical routine of HV-UFPR were selected. The statistic showed a significant difference in groups B1, B2 and C in leads D2, D3, aVF, rV, V2 and V4 (P< 0,05), which allowed to classify them according to the DI size, and this result corresponded to the consensus classification of mitral endocardiosis in dogs at these stages. It was concluded that there is a gradual increase in the value of DI as DMVM progresses, especially in stages B1, B2 and C, associated with left ventricular overload and hypertrophy, so this parameter can be used to classify the disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10489 1543 downloads

Correção de medida ultrassonográfica de carcaça em coelhos usando modelo linear misto com covariáveis
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Santos, N.P.S.

; Guerra, L.O.

; Biagiotti, D.

; Santos, G.V.

; Sousa, D.C.

; Santos, D.C.E.

; Sousa, C.A.

; Sarmento, J.L.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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apr 2019, Volume 71 N. 2 Pages 473 - 480

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a correção da medida ultrassonográfica da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi, em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, pela análise de covariância usando modelos mistos. Foram realizadas análises em delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (operadores) e seis blocos (animais), considerando na análise: a inexistência de covariáveis; a covariável comprimento de olho de lombo; a covariável profundidade de olho de lombo; e as duas covariáveis juntas. Como os animais são uma amostra aleatória, o efeito de bloco foi considerado como aleatório. Consideraram-se as covariáveis como medidas com efeito fixo sem erro, independentemente do tratamento e do comportamento linear. As estatísticas de critério de decisão CV%, R ² e R ¯ ² evidenciaram relação direta entre si e podem ser consideradas para avaliar a precisão experimental em ensaios com avaliação de carcaças. Os valores das estatísticas AIC, BIC e AICC apresentam coerência com a interpretação dos critérios de decisão e indicam que o modelo com duas covariáveis proporciona resultados acurados. A inclusão das covariáveis complementa o controle de local com melhoria na precisão do experimento. A utilização das medidas ultrassonográficas de profundidade e comprimento corrige a média da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi avaliado por diferentes operadores.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the correction ultrasonographic measurement of area the Longissimus dorsi muscle in New Zealand rabbits by covariance analysis using mixed linear models. The analyzes were performed in randomized block design with 5 treatments (operators) and 6 blocks (animals), considering in the analysis: absence of covariates; rib eye length as covariate; rib eye depth as covariate; the two covariates together. As the animals are a random sample, the block effect was considered to be random. The covariates were considered as measures of fixed effect without error, independent of treatment and linear comportment. The decision criterion statistics CV%, R², and R ¯ ²showed a direct relationship between them and can be taken into consideration to evaluate the experimental accuracy in tests with carcass evaluation. The AIC, BIC, and AICC statistics are consistent with the interpretation of the decision criteria and indicate that the two covariates in model provides accurate results. The inclusion of covariates complements the local control to improve the accuracy of the experiment. The use of ultrasound measurements of depth and length corrects the mean area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle evaluated by different operators.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10416 1075 downloads

Management Of Commelina benghalensis with Saflufenacil in Shaded Environments
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SANTOS JUNIOR, A.

; FREITAS, F.C.L.

; SANTOS, I.T.

; SILVA, D.C.

; PAIXÃO, G.P.

; SEDIYAMA, C.S.

Planta Daninha

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2019, Volume 37 elocation e019178088

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O uso repetitivo de glyphosate no controle de plantas daninhas em plantios de eucalipto tem selecionado espécies tolerantes a esse herbicida, como a Commelina benghalensis. Diante disso, torna-se necessária a aplicação de herbicidas de outros mecanismos de ação, como o saflufenacil, em rotação ou em mistura com o glyphosate, para reduzir os danos causados por C. benghalensis, cuja sensibilidade aos herbicidas pode ser influenciada pelo sombreamento imposto pela cultura do eucalipto. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a eficiência do saflufenacil no manejo de C. benghalensis em diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Foram realizados três ensaios, sendo cada um referente a determinado nível de sombreamento (ambiente de cultivo com 0, 40 e 55% de sombra), seguindo o mesmo delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com cinco doses de herbicida (0; 24,5; 49; 73,5; e 98 g ha-1 de saflufenacil) e quatro repetições. Aos 28 dias após a aplicação do herbicida, avaliou-se a porcentagem de controle e a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea, bem como a alocação de biomassa para folhas, caules e raízes das plantas de C. benghalensis. Plantas cultivadas a 0% de sombra obtiveram maior acúmulo de matéria seca e melhor distribuição de biomassa em folhas, caule e raízes, contribuindo com o aumento da tolerância ao saflufenacil, não sendo controladas com eficácia nas doses avaliadas. À medida que se aumentou o sombreamento, plantas de C. benghalensis alocaram a maior parte de sua biomassa para a parte aérea, em especial para as folhas, reduzindo suas estruturas de reserva e elevando a área de contato com o herbicida, tornando-as mais suscetíveis ao saflufenacil.

ABSTRACT: The repetitive use of glyphosate in the control of weeds in eucalyptus plantations has selected tolerant species such as Commelina benghalensis. Therefore, the use of herbicides of other mechanisms of action, such as saflufenacil, in rotation or combination with glyphosate, is necessary to reduce damages caused by C. benghalensis, whose sensitivity to herbicides can be influenced by the shading caused by the eucalyptus crop. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of saflufenacil in the management of C. benghalensis at different shading levels. Three experiments were carried out regarding a certain shading level (cultivation environment with 0, 40, and 55% shade). The experimental design was a randomized block design with five herbicide doses (0, 24.5, 49, 73.5, and 98 g ha-1 of saflufenacil) and four replications. At 28 days after herbicide application, the percentage of control and shoot dry matter were assessed, as well as the biomass allocation to leaves, stems, and roots of C. benghalensis. Plants cultivated at 0% shade presented a higher dry matter accumulation and a better distribution of biomass in leaves, stem, and roots, contributing with the increased tolerance to saflufenacil and not being controlled with effectiveness under the assessed doses. As shading was increased, plants of C. benghalensis allocated most of their biomass to the shoot, especially leaves, reducing their reserve structures and increasing the contact area with the herbicide, making them more susceptible to saflufenacil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100051 1031 downloads

Association between type of feeding at discharge from the hospital and nutritional status of very low birth weight preterm infants
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Martins-Celini, F.P.

; Gonçalves-Ferri, W.A.

; Aragon, D.C.

; Bernichi, J.P.

; Calixto, C.

; Sacramento, E.M.F.

; Santos, M.A.

; Martinez, F.E.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2018, Volume 51 N. 3 elocation e6540

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The ideal feeding for premature babies has been the source of extensive debate. The aim of this study was to assess the association between type of feeding at discharge and the nutritional status of very low birth weight infants. This was a retrospective cohort of preterm babies with birth weight ≤1500 g, born between January 2006 and December 2013. The infants were divided into 3 groups according to type of feeding at discharge: exclusive breast milk (group 1), mixed feeding (group 2) and exclusive artificial formula (group 3). Frequencies of each group were calculated, as well as mean Z-score differences in weight, length and head circumference. Six hundred and forty-nine newborns were included. The mean weight of groups 1, 2, and 3 was 1338.7, 1104.0, and 1254.7 g, respectively, and their mean gestational age was 31.9, 30, and 31.2 weeks, respectively. The Z-score differences (means±SD) for groups 1, 2, and 3 were: −0.84±0.68, −1.02±0.75, and −0.86±0.71 for weight, −0.21±1.23, −0.52±1.64 and −0.08±1.34 for head circumference, and −1.10±1.18, −1.54±1.37, and −0.97±1.21 for length. A significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 in the adjusted Z-score model for length, with no significant differences in anthropometric measurements for the other comparative analyses. Because of its many advantages, breastfeeding should be stimulated within neonatal units since nutritional status was not influenced by the different types of feeding.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20176540 1902 downloads

10.

STRUCTURE OF 15 HECTARES PERMANENT PLOTS OF TERRA FIRME DENSE FOREST IN CENTRAL AMAZON
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Silva, Katia Emidio da

; Martins, Sebastião Venâncio

; Ribeiro, Carlos Antônio Alvares Soares

; Santos, Nerilson Terra

; Azevedo, Celso Paulo de

Revista Árvore

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aug 2016, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 603 - 615

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A floresta densa de terra firme ocorre em 65% da região Amazônica e é caracterizada por possuir alta diversidade de espécies vegetais e elevada ocorrência de espécies raras. Este trabalho analisou a estrutura horizontal de 15 ha de parcelas aleatoriamente selecionadas de um conjunto de 400 ha de parcelas permanentes, localizadas no Campo Experimental da Embrapa em Manaus, AM.Todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm foram identificados em nível de espécie em 2005. Os valores de VI (Valor de Importância) foram separados em classes de amplitude de um (01) desvio padrão e os indivíduos distribuídos segundo classes de DAP de amplitude de 10 cm. Ao todo foram identificados 8771 indivíduos, distribuídos em 264 espécies e 53 famílias. Um maior número de indivíduos concentra-se em poucas espécies, tais como Protium hebetatum D.C.Daly, Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A. Mori e Licania oblongifolia Standl. que somaram21% do número total de indivíduos e 12% do VI. Há elevada ocorrência de espécies raras (36%). As famílias Sapotaceae, Lecythidaceae e Burseraceae somaram 39% do número total de indivíduos. A estrutura diamétrica em forma de J-invertido mostra que80% dos indivíduos estão concentrados nas classes de 10-30 cm de DAP. Os resultados chamam a atenção para a elevada ocorrência de espécies raras e daquelas com baixa densidade, e com distribuição restrita a algumas parcelas, principalmente aquelas pertencentes às menores classes de VI, as quais devem merecer atenção especial nas ações de conservação da biodiversidade e manejo florestal.

ABSTRACT Terra Firme dense forest occurs in 65% of the Amazonian region and is characterized by the high diversity of plant species and high occurrence of rare plant species. The objective of this work was to analyze the horizontal structure of 15 hectares of plots, randomly chosen from a set of 400 ha of permanent plots situated at the Experimental Site of Embrapa, Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. All individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm were identified at the level of species in 2005. The VI values (Values of importance) were separated in classes of range with one (01) standard deviation and the individuals distributed according to DBH classes of 10 cm in amplitude. In total, 8771 individuals were identified, distributed into 264 species and 53 families. A larger number of individuals is concentrated in a few number of species, such as Protium hebetatum D.C. Daly, Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A. Mori and Licania oblongifolia Standl, which sum up 21% of the total number of individuals and 12% of the VI. There is a high occurrence of rare species (36%). The families Sapotaceae, Lecythidaceae and Burseraceae together accounted for 39% of the total number of individuals. The diametric structure in an inverse-J shape shows that 80% of the individuals are concentrated in the DBH classes ranging from 10 to 30 cm. The results highlight the high occurrence of rare species and those with low density, and with distribution restricted to some plots, particularly those belonging to the lowest classes of VI, which deserve special attention in actions for biodiversity conservation and forest management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000400004 1668 downloads

11.

Microglia and neurons in the hippocampus of migratory sandpipers
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Diniz, C.G.

; Magalhães, N.G.M.

; Sousa, A.A.

; Santos Filho, C.

; Diniz, D.G.

; Lima, C.M.

; Oliveira, M.A.

; Paulo, D.C.

; Pereira, P.D.C.

; Sherry, D.F.

; Picanço-Diniz, C.W.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 N. 1 elocation e5005

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla and the spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia are long- and short-distance migrants, respectively. C. pusilla breeds in the sub-arctic and mid-arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska and winters on the north and east coasts of South America. A. macularia breeds in a broad distribution across most of North America from the treeline to the southern United States. It winters in the southern United States, and Central and South America. The autumn migration route of C. pusilla includes a non-stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean, whereas autumn route of A. macularia is largely over land. Because of this difference in their migratory paths and the visuo-spatial recognition tasks involved, we hypothesized that hippocampal volume and neuronal and glial numbers would differ between these two species. A. macularia did not differ from C. pusilla in the total number of hippocampal neurons, but the species had a larger hippocampal formation and more hippocampal microglia. It remains to be investigated whether these differences indicate interspecies differences or neural specializations associated with different strategies of orientation and navigation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20155005 2987 downloads

12.

High prevalence of methicillin resistance and PVL genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the nares and skin lesions of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis
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Cavalcante, F.S.

; Abad, E.D.

; Lyra, Y.C.

; Saintive, S.B.

; Ribeiro, M.

; Ferreira, D.C.

; Santos, K.R.N. dos

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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jul 2015, Volume 48 N. 7 Pages 588 - 594

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Staphylococcus aureus is highly prevalent among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and this pathogen may trigger and aggravate AD lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in the nares of pediatric subjects and verify the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the isolates in pediatric patients with AD. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, SCCmec typing, and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) genes. Lineages were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). AD severity was assessed with the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Among 106 patients, 90 (85%) presented S. aureus isolates in their nares, and 8 also presented the pathogen in their skin infections. Two patients had two positive lesions, making a total of 10 S. aureus isolates from skin infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 24 (26.6%) patients, and PVL genes were identified in 21 (23.3%), including 6 (75%) of the 8 patients with skin lesions but mainly in patients with severe and moderate SCORAD values (P=0.0095). All 24 MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while 8 isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to mupirocin >1024 μg/mL. High lineage diversity was found among the isolates including USA1100/ST30, USA400/ST1, USA800/ST5, ST83, ST188, ST718, ST1635, and ST2791. There was a high prevalence of MRSA and PVL genes among the isolates recovered in this study. PVL genes were found mostly among patients with severe and moderate SCORAD values. These findings can help clinicians improve the therapies and strategies for the management of pediatric patients with AD.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20154221 1842 downloads

13.

Ocorrência de Chlamydophila psittaci em pombos (Columba livia) na cidade de Salvador, Bahia
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Leal, D.C.

; Negrão, V.B.

; Santos, F.

; Raso, T.F.

; Barrouin-Melo, S.M.

; Franke, C.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2015, Volume 67 N. 3 Pages 771 - 776

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A existência de populações numerosas de pombos (Columba livia) em centros urbanos, em quase todo o mundo, tem se tornado um risco à saúde pública em vista das zoonoses que podem transmitir. A infecção por Chlamydophila psittaci foi avaliada em pombos que frequentam áreas públicas, como praças, ruas e pontos turísticos na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, por meio da PCR em amostras de fezes frescas, suabes cloacais e orofaríngeos. O estudo revelou uma frequência de infecção por C. psittaci de 11,7% (16/137) dos pombos, e oito dos 10 locais pesquisados apresentavam aves infectadas. A detecção de C. psittaci em amostras de cloaca e orofaringe foi maior (15,8% - 3/19) que em amostras de fezes frescas (11% - 13/118). Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência de infecção por C. psittaci em pombos que habitam as áreas públicas da cidade de Salvador e apontam para a necessária elaboração de medidas de controle e monitoramento das populações de pombos urbanos, bem como de ações voltadas à conscientização da sociedade sobre os riscos à saúde pública.

The existence of numerous pigeon (Columba livia) populations in urban centers, in most of the world, has become a public-health risk given the zoonoses they can transmit. Infection with Chlamydophila psittaci was evaluated in pigeons that frequent public areas, such as squares, streets and tourist sites in the city of Salvador, through PCR from fresh feces samples, cloacal swabs and oropharyngeals. The study revealed a frequency of infection with C. psittaci of 11.7% (16/137) in pigeons, and infected birds were found in eight of the ten locales researched. The detection of C. psittaci in samples of cloaca and oropharyngs was greater (15.8% - 3/19) than in the samples of fresh feces (11% - 13/118). The results show the occurrence of infection with C. psittaciem in pigeons that live in public areas in the city of Salvador and points to the necessity of elaborating control and monitoring measures for the populations of urban pigeons as well as developing actions that will raise society´s awareness of these risks to public health.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7919 2881 downloads

14.

Double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement provided with interconection channels in rabbits after enucleation: A potential implant for the anophthalmic socket
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Gomes Junior, D.C.

; Oriá, A.P.

; Dórea Neto, F.A.

; Santos, L.A. dos

; Estrela-Lima, A.

; Barbosa, V.F.

; Costa Neto, J.M.

; Laus, J.L.

; Daleck, C.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2015, Volume 67 N. 1 Pages 119 - 124

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Avaliaram-se a macroscopia e a microestrutura de esferas compostas por cimento ósseo de alfa-fosfato tricálcico de dupla pega munido de canais de interconexão (alfa-TCP-i) e a integração do implante ao tecido orbital de coelhos através de análise macroscópica e histopatológica. A superfície interna e externa do alfa-TCP-i foi avaliada macroscopicamente e por microscopia eletrônica. Após enucleação do bulbo ocular esquerdo, 12 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia receberam implantes do alfa-TCP-i com 12mm de diâmetro. A avaliação clínica foi realizada diariamente nos primeiros 15 dias e depois a cada quinze dias até o fim do período de estudo. Para análise morfológica, seguiu-se a exenteração de três animais por período experimental (15, 45, 90 e 180 dias). As superfícies externa e interna do implante mostraram-se compactas, sólidas e lisas, com seis canais que se interconectavam centralmente. A microarquitetura caracterizou-se pela formação de colunas de cristais hexagonais. Sinais de infecção, exposição, deiscência de sutura ou extrusão não foram notados em nenhum dos animais durante o período de estudo. A análise morfológica revelou a presença de fina cápsula ao redor do implante de onde surgiram projeções fibrovasculares que o penetraram através dos canais de interconexão. Nos primeiros dias após a inserção das esferas, notou-se intensa reação inflamatória que se mostrou ausente aos 180 dias. O implante do cimento de alfa-fosfato tricálcico foi bem tolerado em coelhos, mostrou-se relativamente inerte e permitiu a infiltração de tecido fibrovascular através dos canais de interconexão.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macroscopy and microstructure of a double setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate bone cement sphere provided with interconnection channels (alpha-TCP-i), as well as the integration of the implant with the rabbits' orbital tissue, through macroscopic analysis and histopathology. The external and internal surfaces of the alpha-TCP-i were evaluated macroscopically and by electron microscopy. Twelve New Zealand rabbits received 12mm implants of alpha-TCP-i following enucleation of the left eye. The clinical assessment was undertaken daily during the first 15 days, followed by fortnightly assessment until the end of the study period. For the morphological analysis, exenteration was performed in 3 animals per experimental period (15, 45, 90 and 180 days). The external and internal surfaces of the implant appeared solid, smooth and compact, with six channels which interconnected centrally. The micro-architecture was characterized by the formation of columns of hexagonal crystals. No signs of infection, exposure, dehiscence of sutures or extrusion of the implant were noted in any of the animals during the entire period of the study. The morphological evaluation demonstrated the presence of a thin capsule around the implant, from whence appeared fibro-vascular projections, which penetrated it through the interconnecting channels. In the first days after the insertion of the implant, an intense inflammatory reaction was noted. At 180 days, however, there were no signs of inflammation. The alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement implant was well tolerated in this rabbit model and appeared to be relatively inert with some fibrovascular ingrowth through the large channels.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7163 1778 downloads

15.

Associação de palma forrageira com feno de maniçoba ou silagem de sorgo e duas proporções de concentrado na dieta de vacas em lactação
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Ramos, A.O.

; Ferreira, M.A.

; Santos, D.C.

; Véras, A.S.C.

; Conceição, M.G.

; Silva, E.C.

; Souza, A.R.D.L.

; Salla, L.E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2015, Volume 67 N. 1 Pages 189 - 197

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização da silagem de sorgo, feno de maniçoba e duas proporções de concentrado (10 e 15% na MS) em dietas à base de palma forrageira na alimentação de vacas em lactação. Foram utilizadas oito vacas da raça Girolando, com peso vivo médio e produção inicial de 463 e 9,65kg, respectivamente, com 95 dias de lactação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4x4 em esquema fatorial 2x2 (feno de maniçoba e silagem de sorgo x 10% e 15% de concentrado), sendo utilizados dois quadrados simultâneos. Cada período experimental teve duração de 21 dias, sendo 14 de adaptação e sete para coleta de dados e amostras. Não houve interação entre volumosos e proporções de concentrado para nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas. Assim, os fatores foram analisados e discutidos separadamente. Os consumos de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e nutrientes digestíveis totais diferiram em função dos volumosos utilizados, com menores consumos para o feno de maniçoba (1,50; 4,10; 6,17kg/dia, respectivamente). A digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro diferiram de acordo com os volumosos, verificando menores valores para o feno de maniçoba (51,70; 53,91; 62,30 e 20,74%, respectivamente). A produção de leite com ou sem correção para 4% de gordura (9,65 e 9,1kg/dia, respectivamente) e composição do leite não diferiram entre os volumosos, nem entre os níveis de concentrados. A eficiência de síntese de proteína microbiana diferiu entre os volumosos, sendo menor no tratamento com silagem de sorgo (99,46g/kg de NDT). A concentração de ureia no plasma diferiu entre as proporções de concentrado, com menores valores na dieta com 15% de concentrado (31,41mg/dL). Para o atendimento das exigências nutricionais e redução dos custos com suplementação, sugere-se o fornecimento de silagem de sorgo como volumoso e a proporção de 10% de concentrado na dieta de vacas em lactação.

The trial was conducted to evaluate the use of sorghum silage, maniçoba hay, and two concentrate levels (10.0% and 15.0% DM) in diets based on spineless cactus of dairy cows. Eight Girolando cows were used with average body weight and milk yield of 463 and 9.65kg, respectively, with 95 days of lactation. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin Square in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (maniçoba hay and sorghum silage x 10.0% and 15.0% of concentrate), two simultaneous Latin Square were used. Each experimental period lasted 21 days; 14 days for adaptation and seven for data and sample collection. There was no interaction between roughage and concentrate level for any of the variables. Thereby the factors were analyzed and discussed separately. The intake of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients differ according to roughage used with lower intake for maniçoba hay (1.50; 4.10; 6.17kg/day, respectively). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber differed according to the roughage, and lower values were found for maniçoba hay (51.70; 53.91 and 20.74%, respectively). The milk yield with and without adjustment to 4.0% of fat (9.65 and 9.1kg/day, respectively) and the milk composition did not differ between roughages or between concentrate levels. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis differs between roughages and was lower in the treatment with sorghum (99.46g/kg TDN). The concentration of plasma urea differed between the ratios of concentrate with lower amounts in the diet with 15.0% concentrate (1.41mg/dL). To meet the nutritional requirements and cost reduction with supplementation a supply with sorghum silage as roughage and 100% of concentrate for diet of lactation cows is suggested.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6537 3016 downloads

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