RESUMO A produção artesanal de queijos envolve uma tradição secular no estado de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, exercendo importante papel histórico e social. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar as características de queijos minas artesanal de sete regiões certificadas para sua produção em relação à sua composição físico-química e centesimal, a fim de se identificarem parâmetros que sejam úteis para diferenciá-los. A composição físico-química e centesimal revelou diferença entre os queijos das diferentes regiões para as variáveis nitrogênio solúvel, índices de extensão e profundidade de maturação, cinzas, oxidação, gordura e pH. Os maiores valores para os índices de extensão e profundidade de maturação foram observados na região do Cerrado. Os queijos da região da Canastra se mostraram diferentes daqueles das demais regiões em razão do maior teor de umidade, assim como os queijos de Campo das Vertentes, que apresentaram maiores valores de pH e compostos nitrogenados. Apesar das semelhanças entre os queijos em cada região, esses apresentaram posicionamentos dispersos na análise de componentes principais. Existem diferenças na composição físico-química e centesimal entre os queijos minas artesanais oriundos das distintas regiões em Minas Gerais, e os parâmetros analisados podem ser utilizados para diferenciá-los. Os teores de cinzas, gordura, índice de oxidação, teores de nitrogênio solúvel e pH foram os parâmetros que estiveram associados a maiores diferenças dos queijos conforme sua região de origem. Gerais Brasil social Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, Objetivou-se estudo físicoquímica físico química diferenciálos. diferenciálos diferenciá los. los diferenciá-los cinzas oxidação Cerrado umidade Vertentes nitrogenados principais origem

ABSTRACT Artisanal cheese production involves a centuries-old tradition in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, playing an important historical and social role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of artisanal Minas cheeses from seven regions certified for their production in relation to their physical-chemical and centesimal composition to identify parameters that are useful to differentiate them. There were differences among the cheeses from different regions for the soluble nitrogen variables, extension and depth of ripening indexes, ash, oxidation, fat and pH. The highest values for the ripening length and depth index were observed in the Cerrado region. The cheeses from the Canastra region were different due to the higher moisture content, and the cheeses from Campo das Vertentes presented higher pH and nitrogen compound values. Despite the similarities among cheeses in each region, they had dispersed positions in the principal components analysis. There are differences in the physicochemical and centesimal composition among the artisanal Minas cheeses from the distinct regions in Minas Gerais, and the analyzed parameters can be used to differentiate them. The contents of ash, fat, oxidation index, soluble nitrogen and pH were the parameters that were associated with greater differences in cheeses. centuriesold centuries old Brazil role physicalchemical physical chemical them variables indexes ash content analysis

Islet transplantation represents a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term viability of transplanted islets requires improvement. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as adjuvants for islet transplantation facilitating grafting and functionality. Stem cell aggregation provides physiological interactions between cells and enhances the in situ concentration of modulators of inflammation and immunity. We established a hanging-drop culture of adult human skin fibroblast-like cells as spheroids, and skin spheroid-derived cells (SphCs) were characterized. We assessed the potential of SphCs in improving islet functionality by cotransplantation with a marginal mass of allogeneic islets in an experimental diabetic mouse model and characterized the secretome of SphCs by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. SphCs were characterized as multipotent progenitors and their coculture with anti-CD3 stimulated mouse splenocytes decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation with skewed cytokine secretion through an increase in the Th2/Th1 ratio profile. SphCs-conditioned media attenuated apoptosis of islets induced by cytokine challenge in vitro and importantly, intratesticular SphCs administration did not show tumorigenicity in immune-deficient mice. Moreover, SphCs improved glycemic control when cotransplanted with a marginal mass of allogeneic islets in a diabetic mouse model without pharmacological immunosuppression. SphCs' protein secretome differed from its paired skin fibroblast-like counterpart in containing 70% of up- and downregulated proteins and biological processes that overall positively influenced islets such as cytoprotection, cellular stress, metabolism, and survival. In summary, SphCs improved the performance of transplanted allogeneic islets in an experimental T1D model, without pharmacological immunosuppression. Future research is warranted to identify SphCs-secreted factors responsible for islets' endurance.

RESUMO Os dados genealógicos compreenderam 45.711 animais nascidos entre 1901 e 2016, com 48.127 animais no arquivo de pedigree. A estrutura populacional foi analisada em termos de completude de pedigree, coeficiente de endogamia individual (F), intervalo de geração (L), taxa de endogamia (ΔF), tamanho efetivo da população (Ne), número efetivo de fundadores (ff) e número efetivo de ancestrais (fa). O rebanho consistia inicialmente de 13 touros e 14 vacas, e houve variações no número de touros e vacas selecionados ao longo do período analisado, com 2.575 touros, 13.691 vacas e 45.711 nascimentos registrados no final de 2016. No total, 48,81% das vacas tiveram apenas uma progênie. A maioria das barragens (47,59%) tinha entre três e sete anos, com média de L na população de 7,9 anos. De acordo com os resultados, 52,75% das vacas, 44,92% dos touros e 63,71% dos bezerros da raça Guzerá na região Norte do Brasil apresentaram algum grau de endogamia, com coeficientes de pequena magnitude (0,56, 0,83 e 0,71% para vacas, touros e bezerros, respectivamente). Essa flutuação não impediu a evolução genética do rebanho na região. O tamanho efetivo da população não parece comprometer a manutenção da variabilidade genética na raça.

ABSTRACT Genealogical data comprised 45,711 animals born between 1901 and 2016, with 48,127 animals in the pedigree file. Population structure was analyzed in terms of pedigree completeness, individual inbreeding coefficient (F), generation interval (L), rate of inbreeding (ΔF), effective population size (Ne), effective number of founders (ff), and effective number of ancestors (fa). The herd initially consisted of 13 bulls and 14 cows, and there were variations in the number of selected bulls and cows throughout the analyzed period, with 2,575 bulls, 13,691 cows, and 45,711 births recorded at the end of 2016. In total, 48.81% of the cows had only one progeny. Most dams (47.59%) were between three and seven years old, with a mean L in the population of 7.9 years. According to the results, 52.75% of the cows, 44.92% of the bulls, and 63.71% of the calves of the Guzerat breed in the northern region of Brazil showed some degree of inbreeding, with small-magnitude coefficients (0.56, 0.83, and 0.71% for cows, bulls, and calves, respectively). This fluctuation did not hinder the genetic evolution of the herd in the region. The effective population size does not seem to compromise the maintenance of genetic variability in the breed.

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a prevalência e os principais fatores de risco relacionados com a transmissão da cisticercose bovina em animais enviados para abate e provenientes de propriedades localizadas na microrregião de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As propriedades foram previamente avaliadas quanto à ocorrência de cisticercose durante a inspeção post mortem nos 12 meses antecedentes ao início da pesquisa; aquelas que revelaram animais com cisticercose bovina pelo menos uma vez durante esse período foram consideradas positivas. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal em 87 propriedades, onde foram coletadas 1024 amostras de soro bovino. O diagnóstico sorológico foi realizado por triagem pelo teste ELISA indireto, e os soros positivos foram confirmados pelo Immunoblot. A prevalência identificada neste estudo foi de 5,1% (IC 95%= 3,74-6,42). Os fatores de risco identificados foram: a origem dos bovinos (RC=4,9), o pastejo (RC=6,4) e o destino do esgoto da propriedade (RC=3,6). Esses fatores ambientais encontrados sugerem que medidas de controle do saneamento e restrição a pastagens além do limite da propriedade possam auxiliar na prevenção da doença na área de estudo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and the main risk factors related to the transmission of bovine cysticercosis based on tracking animals sent for slaughter and coming from properties located in the micro-region of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The properties were previously evaluated for the occurrence of cysticercosis during post-mortem inspection in the 12 months prior to the beginning of the research, and those with animals with bovine cysticercosis found at least once during this period were considered positive. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 87 properties, from which 1024 bovine serum samples were collected. Indirect ELISA performed serological diagnosis and Immunoblot confirmed positive sera. The prevalence found in this study was 5.1% (95% CI = 3.74-6.42). The risk factors identified were cattle origin (RC = 4.9), grazing (RC = 6.4) and sewage destination on the property (RC = 3.6). These environmental factors suggest that sanitation control measures and the restriction of pastures beyond the property boundary can help prevent disease in the study area. A control system based on risk analysis was discussed and proposed as a strategy to control bovine cysticercosis in the Triângulo Mineiro region and other regions of the country.

The association between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases is well known. This study aimed to identify the association between this exposure and hospitalizations for COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, SP, a medium-sized city, between April 2020 and April 2021. Hospitalization data, concerning code B34.2, was supplied by DATASUS, and data concerning pollutants and climate variables were supplied by CETESB. Cases were quantified by sex, age, length of hospital stay in days, and type of discharge, whether hospital discharge or death. The negative binomial regression model was chosen. Estimates were produced for the relative risk (RR) of significant exposure to pollutants (P≤0.05) with a 10 µg/m3 increase of pollutant, as well as for excess hospitalizations. There were 1873 hospitalizations, with a daily average of 4.7 (±3.8), ranging from zero to 21: 716 deaths (38.2%) were recorded, 1065 admissions were men, and women were less susceptible (OR=0.82). The average age of women was higher than that of men; in cases of death, men were older than women; discharged patients were younger. All the above variables were significant. The risk of ozone exposure was higher and more significant in Lag 2, and the risk of nitrogen dioxide exposure was high in Lag 3, which was the period of the highest increase in hospitalizations, at 11.3%. The findings of this study, the first conducted in Brazil, corroborate the results of studies conducted in other centers.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the statistical efficiency of six sampling estimators to propose an optimal sampling strategy in terms of precision and time that allows conducting operational timber inventories that support decision-making aimed at improving the technical management of commercial forest teak plantations (Tectona grandis) established in Campeche, Mexico. Data used were from 8 830 sampling sites of a planted area of 2 207.5 hectares. Each sampling site was rectangular of seventy-two m2 included nine stocks, the number of living trees was counted and their diameter at breast height was measured. The total height and volume of each tree were estimated with Chapman-Richards and Schumacher-Hall models, respectively. Basimetric area and total volume per site were obtained and extrapolated at hectare. Plantations were stratified by age classes; the basimetric area and the age of the plantation were used as auxiliary variables. The sampling strategy to estimate the mean volume was formed by associating simple random sampling as the sampling design with the specific ratio estimator in stratified sampling, with a stratification by age classes of one year and basimetric area as auxiliary variable; this gave the accuracy of 0.21 %. The sample size in stratified sampling could be reduced to 68.3 % with an accuracy of 2.5 % of the original sample. This means less sampling effort and economies by reducing the time for forest inventory.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia estadística de seis estimadores de muestreo para plantear una estrategia de muestreo óptima en términos de precisión y tiempo que permita realizar inventarios maderables operativos que apoyen la toma de decisiones orientadas a mejorar el manejo técnico de plantaciones forestales comerciales de Tectona grandis (teca), establecidas en Campeche, México. Para ello, se evaluaron 8 830 sitios de muestreo ubicados en 2 207.5 hectáreas. Cada sitio rectangular de 72 m2 incluyó nueve cepas, se contabilizó el número de árboles vivos y se midió el diámetro normal. La altura total y volumen por árbol se estimaron con modelos tipo Chapman-Richards y Schumacher-Hall, respectivamente. El área basal y el volumen total por sitio se proyectó a nivel de hectárea. Se estratificó por clase de edad; el área basal y la edad de la plantación se utilizaron como variables auxiliares. La estrategia de muestreo para estimar el volumen medio se conformó al asociar como diseño de muestreo al muestreo simple al azar con el estimador de razón específica en muestreo estratificado, con una estratificación por clases de edad de un año y el área basal como variable auxiliar, esto dio la precisión de 0.21 %. El tamaño de muestra en el muestreo estratificado se redujo 68.3 %, con precisión de 2.5 % del muestreo original, lo cual implica que el esfuerzo de muestreo y el tiempo de ejecución para realizar el inventario operativo puede reducirse, con la consecuente disminución de los costos implícitos.

RESUMO Teca (Tectona grandis) é uma espécie florestal cultivada em regiões tropicais do mundo, devido às características de sua madeira e seu grande valor econômico no mercado. No Brasil, as plantações originais estão sendo substituídas por florestas clonais selecionadas, o que gera a necessidade e o interesse de proteger esse material genético com base na legislação vigente. Os requisitos legais para proteção de cultivares são que o genótipo seja resultante de melhoramento genético e apresentar distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade (DHE). Este trabalho identifica descritores morfológicos em mudas de teca para auxiliar no processo de proteção dos clones da espécie. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com avaliação de 7 clones e 15 mudas por clone, avaliados com 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade. As informações foram organizadas com base nas matrizes de presença e ausência das variações para cada clone, por 21 características morfológicas. Posteriormente, foram estimadas medidas de similaridade genética, por meio do índice de Jaccard e o agrupamento pelo método UPGMA. Foi possível diferenciar os clones, com 12, 7, 9 e 11 caracteres morfológicos para compor os descritores morfológicos com 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade, respectivamente. As características da lâmina foliar: comprimento, largura, relação comprimento/largura, intensidade da cor verde da folha e brilho da folha, foram comuns para todas as idades avaliadas, mas seus respectivos níveis de expressão foram diferentes.

ABSTRACT Teak (Tectona grandis) is a forest species cultivated in tropical regions worldwide, due to the traits of its wood and its great economic value on the market. In Brazil, original plantations are being replaced by selected clonal forests, which generate the need and interest to protect this genetic material based on the current legislation. The legal requirements for cultivar protection are that the genotype must result from genetic improvement and provide distinguishability, homogeneity, and stability (DHS). This work identifies morphological descriptors in teak cuttings to assist the clone protection process of the species. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the evaluation of 7 clones and 15 cuttings per clone, at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old. The information was also organized based on the arrays of presence and absence of variations for each clone, for 21 morphological traits. Subsequently, genetic similarity measures were estimated using the Jaccard index and the UPGMA clustering method. The clones with the 12, 7, 9, and 11 morphological traits formed the morphological descriptors for the 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old cuttings, respectively. The traits of the leaf blade: length, width, length/width ratio, green intensity, and the brightness of the leaf, were common for all the evaluated ages, but their respective levels of expression were different.

Contradictory findings suggest that the behavioral and abuse-related effects of ethanol are mediated by its action at α1 subunit-containing GABAA (α1GABAA) receptors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a sub-chronic post-ethanol administration treatment with zolpidem, an α1-preferring positive allosteric modulator at GABAA receptors, on the subsequent expression of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization in mice. Animals received ethanol (1.8 g/kg, ip) or saline treatments every other day for 15 days (8 treatment sessions) and were subsequently treated with zolpidem (0.5 mg/kg, ip) or vehicle 4 times on alternate days. At the end of the treatment phase, animals were challenged with saline or ethanol on separate days for the evaluation of the expression of conditioned locomotion and behavioral sensitization. Eight-day treatment with ethanol did not lead to the development of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization. Animals treated with ethanol and subsequently administered vehicle showed similar locomotion frequencies during the last ethanol challenge compared to the control group receiving ethanol for the first time. Animals treated with ethanol and subsequently administered zolpidem expressed behavioral sensitization to ethanol during the ethanol challenge. The present study adds to the literature by providing further evidence of a role of α1GABAA receptors on the behavioral effects of ethanol. Because of the current highly prevalent co-abuse of ethanol and benzodiazepine drugs in humans, the use of zolpidem and other α1GABAA receptor ligands during ethanol withdrawal should be monitored carefully.

RESUMO O sistema de cobertura de um dos prédios da Universidade de Brasília - DF é caracterizado e avaliado. As principais anomalias existentes nos sistemas de telhado são analisadas e a prioridade de intervenção é sistematizada, a fim de correlacioná-las com as medidas corretivas. Os fatores limitantes para a inspeção das estruturas foram a acessibilidade, bem como a falta de projetos de intervenção. Os resultados obtidos relataram que as principais anomalias encontradas nos sistemas estão relacionadas à falta de manutenção. O estudo traz também, como contribuição, indicações e recomendações técnicas para a resolução de situações.

ABSTRACT The roof system of one of the buildings of the University of Brasília - DF is characterized and evaluated. The main existing anomalies in the roof systems are analyzed and the intervention priority is systematized, in order to correlate them with the corrective measures. The limiting factors for the inspection of the structures were accessibility as well as the lack of intervention projects. The results obtained reported that the main anomalies found in the systems are related to the lack of maintenance. The study also brings, as a contribution, indications and technical recommendations for the resolution of situations.

RESUMEN Se caracteriza y evalúa el sistema de cubierta de una de las edificaciones de la Universidad de Brasília - DF. Se analizan las principales anomalías existentes en los sistemas de cubiertas y se sistematiza la prioridad de intervención, con el propósito de correlacionarlas con las medidas correctivas. Los factores limitantes para la inspección de las estructuras fueron la accesibilidad, así como la falta de proyectos de intervención. Los resultados obtenidos reportaron que las principales anomalías encontradas en los sistemas están relacionadas con la falta de mantenimiento. El estudio trae, además, como contribución, indicaciones y recomendaciones técnicas para la resolución de las situaciones.

Resumo As características anatômicas da madeira são influenciadas pelas qualidades dos sítios de procedência do material, que por consequência leva a alterações em suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e caracterizar as propriedades organolépticas e anatômicas da madeira de teca (Tectona grandis), proveniente de diferentes sítios do Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para as características anatômicas foram avaliados comprimento, largura, diâmetro e espessura da parede para fibra; comprimento e diâmetro dos vasos; comprimento, largura e frequência dos raios. Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades organolépticas não apresentaram diferenças entre os diferentes sítios. O efeito sítio, no qual estão estabelecidos os plantios de teca produziram variações significativas nos parâmetros das fibras (comprimento, largura da fibra, diâmetro do lume e espessura da parede) e nos raios (comprimento, largura e frequência). No entanto, não foram evidenciadas mudanças significativas relacionadas aos vasos.

Abstract The anatomical characteristics of the wood are influenced by the quality of the sites of the material provenance, which, consequently, leads to alterations in its physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this paper was to assess and characterize the organoleptic and anatomical properties of the teak (Tectona grandis) from different sites in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Regarding the anatomical characteristics the length, width, diameter and the thickness of the wall for fiber were assessed; the length and diameter of the vessels; the length, width and frequency of the rays. The results obtained showed that the organoleptic properties do not present variations between the different sites. The effect of the site, where the teak plantation is established, produced significant variations in the parameters of the fibers (length, width of the fiber, lumen diameter and thickness of the wall) and in the rays (length, width and frequency). However, no significant vessel-related changes were seen.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram estabelecer o cultivo massal de W. brasiliensis em condição de laboratório, determinar a sensibilidade para as substâncias-referência (dicromato de potássio, cloreto de sódio e cloreto de potássio) e a estimar a toxicidade aguda (CL50;7d) para os herbicidas glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl e atrazine. Para estabelecimento do cultivo, foram testados três meios: Hoagland’s; 5,0 g L-1 de fertilizante NPK (20;5;20) e o da mistura Latossolo Vermelho + substrato orgânico de planta aquática em decomposição (2:1; v v-1). Após o estabelecimento do cultivo, foram realizados os ensaios de sensibilidade com as substâncias-referência e os ensaios de toxicidade aguda para os herbicidas. A W. brasiliensis apresentou excelente resposta de sensibilidade às substâncias-referência com CL50;7d média de 15,61±2,13 g L-1 para o cloreto de sódio, de 17,02±0,50 g L-1 para o cloreto de potássio e de 52,54±4,27 mg L-1 para o dicromato de potássio. A resposta de toxicidade aguda de W. brasiliensis para o diquat (CL50;7d = 0,07 mg L-1) e paraquat (< 0,05 mg L-1) indica que a planta pode ser considerada extremamente sensível; para o imazapyr, sensível (CL50;7d = 21,10 mg L-1), e para os demais herbicidas testados, pouco sensível. A capacidade de resposta relativa a diferentes grupos de herbicidas somada à resposta padronizada às substâncias-referência e facilidade de cultivo em laboratório indicam potencial para o uso desta planta aquática na avaliação de risco de herbicidas em ambientes aquáticos.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish the mass cultivation of Wolffia brasiliensis under laboratory conditions, determine the sensitivity of reference substances (potassium dichromate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride), and estimate the acute toxicity (LC50;7d) for the herbicide glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and atrazine. Three media were tested for culture establishment: Hoagland’s medium, 5.0 g L-1 NPK fertilizer (20-5-20), a mixture of Oxisol + organic substrate of decaying aquatic plant (2:1; v v-1). Sensitivity tests with reference substances and acute toxicity for herbicides were carried out after establishing the cultivation. The species W. brasiliensis presented an excellent sensitivity response to reference substances, with means of LC50;7d of 15.61±2.13 g L-1, 17.02±0.50 g L-1, and 52.54±4.27 mg L-1 for sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium dichromate, respectively. The acute toxicity response indicated that W. brasiliensis was extremely sensitive to diquat (LC50;7d = 0.07 mg L-1) and paraquat (LC50;7d < 0.05 mg L-1), sensitive to imazapyr (LC50;7d = 21.10 mg L-1), and little sensitive to the other herbicides. The response capacity for the different groups of herbicides, the standardized response to reference substances, and ease of cultivation in the laboratory indicate the potential for using this aquatic plant in the assessment of herbicide risk in aquatic environments.

RESUMO Compostos químicos com atividades biológicas isolados de espécies vegetais e usados pela população por meio de extratos e óleo essencial são promissoras fontes de prospecção de novos fármacos. O gênero Myroxylon L. f. apresenta elevado potencial farmacológico, sendo usado na medicina popular para o tratamento de diversas enfermidades, tais como feridas, catarros, úlceras, dores de cabeça e de ouvido. Este artigo de revisão apresenta as principais características fitoquímicas e farmacológicas das espécies do gênero Myroxylon (M. peruiferum L.f., M. balsamum (L.) Harms e M. pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch), cujos estudos de atividades biológicas são promissores.

ABSTRACT Chemical compounds with biological activities isolated from plant and used by the population through extracts and essential oils are promising sources of prospection for new drugs. The genus Myroxylon L. f. showed high pharmacological potential being used in popular medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as wounds, colds, ulcers, headache, and ear infections. This review article presents the main phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of the species of Myroxylon (M. peruiferum L.f., M. balsamum (L.) Harms and M. pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch), whose studies of biological activities are promising.

Abstract Researches of environmental perception evidences the extractive context and help policy making. Despite the social and economic benefits, the intensification of extractivism can promote ecological unsustainability and alteration in the perception of forest conservation values. In the region of Lençóis Maranhenses, Northeast Brazil, the sale of products extracted from Mauritia flexuosa L.f palm to supply the local and national market is increasing. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the forest values perceived by extractivists in municipalities of the region of Lençóis Maranhenses and how the socioeconomic profile interfere with the environmental perceptions of the interviewees. The research was conducted through semi-structured forms applied to 271 extractivists from the municipality of Barreirinhas, Paulino Neves and Tutóia. The perceived forest values were divided into three categories: economic, ecological and social. It was contacted that there was a prioritization of the values included in the Economic category, in which the source of income is highlighted in the municipalities that most extract the palms. The data revealed that there was a prioritization of the economic category, with emphasis on the forest value source of income. In Barreirinhas, food and climate regulation values were related to socioeconomic characteristics such as gender and monthly income from the sale of handicrafts. There is knowledge about the environmental damages that occur in the forest. However, there is no effective participation of the communities in the management of the Environmental Conservation Units of the region.

Resumo Pesquisas de percepção ambiental evidenciam o contexto extrativista e auxiliam na elaboração de políticas ambientais. Apesar dos benefícios sociais e econômicos, a intensificação do extrativismo pode promover a insustentabilidade ecológica e alteração da percepção dos valores florestais conservacionistas. Na região dos Lençóis Maranhenses, Nordeste do Brasil, é crescente a venda de produtos extraídos da palmeira Mauritia flexuosa L.f. para abastecer mercado local e nacional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar quais valores florestais são percebidos pelos extrativistas em municípios da região dos Lençóis Maranhenses e como o perfil socioeconômico interfere na percepção ambiental dos entrevistados. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de formulários semiestruturados aplicados a 271 extrativistas dos município de Barreirinhas, Paulino Neves e Tutóia. Os valores florestais percebidos foram divididos em três categorias: econômica, ecológica e social. Os dados obtidos revelaram que houve uma priorização da categoria econômica, com destaque para o valor florestal fonte de renda. Em Barreirinhas, os valores alimentação e regulação do clima estiveram relacionados a características socioeconômicas tais como gênero e renda mensal proveniente da venda do artesanato. Há o conhecimento sobre os danos ambientais que ocorrem nos buritizais, entretanto não existe uma efetiva participação das comunidades na gestão das Unidades de Conservação ambientais da região.

RESUMO A produção de mudas de teca é realizada principalmente por sementes, que é um importante veículo de transmissão de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar e quantificar os fungos associados às sementes de teca, a patogenicidade desses microrganismos às mudas e a transmissibilidade semente-plântula. Para o teste de sanidade foram utilizadas sementes coletadas no estado do Tocantins e outras adquiridas nos estados do Goiás (GO) e São Paulo (SP). Os tratamentos utilizados foram sementes desinfestadas e não desinfestadas, e sementes com e sem mesocarpo. O ensaio foi conduzido utilizando o método do papel de filtro (Blotter test). Para o teste de patogenicidade em mudas, foram utilizados os isolados de Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. e Plenodomus sp. Para a avaliação da transmissão de fungos via semente-plântula foram utilizadas sementes de cada local. Foram identificados os seguintes gêneros de fungos nas sementes: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria e Plenodomus. Foi observada maior ocorrência de fungos nas sementes provenientes dos estados de GO e SP. Fusarium foi o gênero fúngico com maior incidência nas sementes dos três estados. Apenas os gêneros Fusarium e Botryodiplodia foram patogênicos às mudas de teca. Houve baixa transmissibilidade semente-plântula, sendo que apenas o gênero fitopatogênico Fusarium foi transmitido.

ABSTRACT The production of teak seedlings is mainly carried out by seeds, which is an important vehicle for the transmission of various pathogens. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the fungi associated with teak seeds, the pathogenicity of these microrganisms to the seedlings and the seed-seedling transmission. There were used seeds collected in Tocantins state and others acquired in the states of Goias (GO) and in São Paulo (SP) for the sanity test. The treatments used were seeds disinfested and not disinfested, and seeds with and without mesocarp. The analysis was conducted using the paper filter method (Blotter test). To pathogenicity test in seedlings, were utilized the isolates of Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. and Plenodomus sp. To evaluate the fungal seedling-transmission were used seeds of each location.The following genera of fungi were identified in the seeds: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Plenodomus. A higher occurrence of fungi was observed in the seeds from the states of GO and SP. Fusarium was the fungal genera with the highest incidence in the seeds of the three states. Only the Fusarium and Botryodiplodia genera were pathogenic to teak seedlings. There was low seed-seedling transmission, with only the phytopathogenic genus Fusarium being transmitted.