The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradability of elephant grass silage dry matter with increasing levels of sugarcane bagasse. A completely randomized design was adopted with five treatments: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% inclusion of sugarcane bagasse on an as-fed matter basis, with five replications, totalling 25 experimental units. The increasing proportion of sugarcane bagasse analysed was favourable only in increasing the concentration of dry matter and fibre of silages and in maintaining a considerable crude protein content. In the in situ degradation assay, the addition of sugarcane bagasse in silage decreased the ruminal degradability of dry matter, and as the passage rates increased, the effective degradability decreased. In the in vitro gas production assay, the total production of gases was decreased with the inclusion of sugarcane bagasse, as did the degradability of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre. The recommendation for the inclusion of sugarcane bagasse should be analysed according to the desired objective, emphasizing that values higher than 5% can greatly compromise the final nutritive value of elephant grass silage.

O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico depende de fatores como o correto diagnóstico e prognóstico. O desconhecimento ou a não localização de canais adicionais, como o canal mesiopalatino no primeiro molar superior, pode levar ao insucesso do tratamento. Portanto, é válido considerar todos os recursos para localização desta estrutura anatômica, dentre eles a tomografia computadorizada cone beam (TCCB). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a frequência do canal mesiopalatino em primeiros molares permanentes superiores através da tomografia computadorizada. Os exames analisados fazem parte do arquivo digital de uma clínica de diagnóstico por imagem particular. Foram avaliados 80 primeiros molares superiores direitos em cortes axiais a 6 e 3 milímetros do ápice radicular observados nas TCCB, sendo 40 em pacientes do gênero feminino e 40 do gênero masculino escolhidos aleatoriamente. Os resultados revelaram que o canal mesiopalatino está presente em 56,25% dos cortes a 6mm do ápice radicular e em 23,75% a 3mm do limite apical. TCCB eu um recurso válido para localização do canal mesiopalatino, sobretudo nos casos em que não foi possível a sua localização clínica.

The success of any endodontic therapy depends on factors such as correct diagnosis and prognosis. Unawareness or failure to locate additional canals, such as the mesiopalatal canal in the upper first molar, may lead to unsuccessful treatment. Hence, it is valid to consider all the resources available for locating this anatomic structure, e.g. the Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to verify the frequency of mesiopalatal canals in upper first permanent molars through computed tomography. Tomography images from a digital archive of a diagnostic imaging center were analyzed. Eighty (80) upper right first molars were assessed through CBCT in axial cross sections at 6mm and 3mm from the root apex; 40 were females and 40, males, randomly chosen. The results revealed that the mesiopalatal canals were present in 56.25% of the sections at 6mm from the root apex, and in 23.75% at 3mm from the apical limit. CBCT scan has proved to be a valid resource for locating mesiopalatal canal, especially in cases where location was not feasible through clinical means.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficácia de armadilhas e atrativos alimentares alternativos na captura de moscas-da-fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Os estudos foram realizados em um pomar de goiaba no Crato, CE, nos períodos de 6 de novembro a 18 de dezembro de 2009 (armadilhas) e 13 de janeiro a 24 de fevereiro de 2010 (atrativos). Utilizaram-se pote de margarina, frasco de vinagre, garrafa PET, frasco de álcool, garrafa de óleo vegetal, garrafa de detergente e garrafa de soro, para comparar com a armadilha McPhail, tendo como atrativo alimentar a proteína hidrolisada de milho. Empregaram-se caldo de cana-de-açúcar, fermento industrializado de pão, vinagre tinto de uva, suco de goiaba, açúcar mascavo, urina humana e açúcar cristal, para comparar com a proteína hidrolisada de milho, utilizando-se a armadilha McPhail. Os experimentos foram inteiramente casualizados, com avaliações semanais. A garrafa PET pode ser utilizada em substituição a McPhail na captura de moscas-das-frutas, com maiores capturas na primeira e segunda avaliação após a instalação das armadilhas. O suco de goiaba pode ser utilizado na captura de moscas-das-frutas em substituição a proteína hidrolisada de milho, enquanto que o fermento e o vinagre demonstraram-se ineficazes.

This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of alternative traps and food lures in capturing fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This research was carried out in a guava orchard in Crato, state of Ceará, Brazil, from 6 November to 18 December 2009 (traps) and from 13 January to 24 February 2010 (food lures). To compare them with McPhail traps containing hydrolyzed corn protein as food lure, we utilized margarine containers, vinegar bottles, PET bottles, alcohol bottles, vegetable oil bottles, saline-solution bottles and detergent bottles. For purposes of food lure comparison, sugarcane juice, industrialized baker's yeast, red grape vinegar, guava juice, brown sugar, human urine and crystal sugar were used as alternatives to hydrolyzed corn protein, using the McPhail traps. The experiments were set up using a completely randomized design; evaluations occurred once a week. PET bottles may replace McPhail traps, with higher captures of fruit flies observed at the first and second evaluation after installation of traps. Guava juice may replace hydrolyzed corn protein to capture these pests, while industrialized baker's yeast and red grape vinegar were inefficient in fruit fly capture.

Os aleloquímicos podem sofrer modificações em diversos tipos de substrato, tanto incorporados quanto na superfície do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de palha de culturas de cobertura, quando incorporadas ou mantidas na superfície do solo, sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial de Digitaria spp. (milhã, capim-colchão e capim-de-roça). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em bloco ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial com os seguintes fatores: (A) - manejo das coberturas (incorporado e na superfície do solo); (B) culturas de cobertura de solo (canola, nabo forrageiro, trevo-vesiculoso e azevém); e (C) níveis de palha (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 e 10 t ha-1). Com o aumento dos níveis de palha de canola e nabo forrageiro incorporados ao solo, há em geral aumento na redução das variáveis IVE e porcentagem de emergência de milhã. A presença de palha de azevém na superfície do solo reduz o crescimento de milhã, comparativamente à incorporação, sendo necessário ao menos 6 t ha-1 de palha.

Allelochemicals can undergo changes in cover crops maintained on the soil surface or incorporated into soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of cover crop straw, incorporated or not into soil, on the emergence and initial development of crabgrass (Digitaria spp.). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme where: A)- management of cover crops (incorporated or not into the soil); B) - cover crops (Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, Trifolium vesiculosum and Lolium multiflorum) and C) - straw levels (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 t ha-1). Increased straw levels of Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus incorporated into the soil leads to an increase in the reduction of the variables IVE and percentage of Digitaria spp. emergence. The presence of Lolium multiflorum straw on the soil surface reduces the growth of Digitaria spp., compared to incorporation into the soil, with at least 6 t ha-1 of straw being necessary.

Samples from intestines, liver, and lymph nodes were collected from a dairy steer with clinical suspicion of paratuberculosis. The samples were processed for histologic examination with hematoxylin-eosin and Zihel-Neelsen (ZN) staining for the detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and submitted to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Macroscopic changes were observed in the small intestines, with thickening and corrugation of the mucosa. The main microscopic changes were found in small intestines, lymph vessels in the mesentery, and mesenteric lymph nodes characterized by enteritis, lymphangiectasia, and lymphadenitis. Liver presented with granulomatous hepatitis, an uncommon histopathological feature for paratuberculosis. The clinical features associated with positive culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and detection of AFB by ZN and IHC in the cytoplasm of macrophages (epithelioid) in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, lymph nodes, and liver were important to confirm the diagnosis of paratuberculosis.