ABSTRACT Previous geochronological data indicate a protracted Devonian magmatic activity developed in the Sierra de San Luis, Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina, with three major crystallization events: 393±3, 384±2, and 377±2 Ma. Previously reported whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopes data define two average distinctive εNdt values: -1.37 and -3.47, and they are consistent with new data presented here. The first signature is assumed for a parental magma with dominant metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source, whereas the second signature could represent a parental magma derived of a lower continental crust source hybridized with magmas of the first signature. Notably, the new zircon Hf isotopes performed on the same zircon domains that were previously dated, indicate that the contribution of the source was variable over time. In situ Hf in zircon is relevant to evaluate the compositional evolution of the Devonian granitic magmas in the Sierra de San Luis, since the high variability of the εHft values recorded in zircons indicate that the calculated εNdt values for the samples can only be interpreted as a final picture of the petrogenetic process. Zircon Hf isotopes data suggest that the zircon crystallized from a magma with variable composition, recording two major events, yielding two εHft signatures: (1) -3.54 and (2) -6.85. A third composition, yield a less representative εHft value of -5.44, and represent a εHft signature (3).

RESUMEN Estudios integrados de isótopos de U-Pb y Hf en circón y Nd en roca total a partir de rocas graníticas devónicas en la Sierra de San Luis (Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina): implicancias petrogenéticas. Datos geocronológicos previos indican que una prolongada actividad magmática devónica se desarrolló en la Sierra de San Luis, Sierras Pampeanas de Argentina, con tres eventos de cristalización importantes: 393±3, 384±2 y 377±2 Ma. Datos previos de isótopos de Sm-Nd en roca total definen dos valores promedio distintivos de εNdt: -1,37 y -3,47, los cuales son consistentes con los nuevos datos presentados aquí. La primera signatura es asumida para un magma parental derivado de una dominante fuente de manto litosférico subcontinental metasomatizado (SCLM), mientras que la segunda signatura podría representar un magma parental derivado de una corteza continental inferior hibridado con un magma con la primera signatura. Notablemente, los nuevos datos de isótopos de Hf realizados en los mismos dominios de circón que se dataron previamente, indican que la contribución de la fuente fue variable a lo largo del tiempo. Los valores de Hf in situ en circón son relevantes para evaluar la evolución composicional de los magmas graníticos del Devónico en la Sierra de San Luis, ya que la alta variabilidad de los valores de εHft registrados en los circones, indica que los valores de εNdt calculados para las muestras solo pueden ser interpretados como una imagen final del proceso petrogenético. Los datos de isótopos de Hf en circón sugieren que este mineral cristalizó a partir de un magma con composición variable, con dos eventos principales, que produjeron dos signaturas de εHft: (1) -3,54 y (2) -6,85. Una tercera composición arroja un valor de εHft menos representativo de -5,44, y equivale a una signatura de εHft (3).

Abstract Prensa Cheese, also called Costeño, is made in an artisanal way from raw cow’s milk in the Costa Chica region of the state of Guerrero. In order to know the characteristics of Mexican artisanal cheeses, the objective of this research was to analyze the changes in the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), total coliform (TCs) microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), during the ripening (5, 30, 60 and 90 d) of Prensa cheeses, made by four different cheese factories (A, B, C and D) of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, Mexico. A portion (25 g) of each cheese sample was homogenized with peptone diluent (225 mL) and dilutions from 10-1 to 10-6 were prepared with which 3MTM PetrifilmTM plates were sown. After incubating under different conditions, depending on the type of microorganism, AMB, TCs, LAB and CPS counts were made. The results showed that as the ripening time of the Prensa Cheese progressed, the microbial load decreased: AMB from 4 to 2, TCs from 6 to 3, LAB from 6 to 2 and CPS from 5 to 2 log10 CFU g-1. The changes in the counts of the bacterial groups studied can be attributed to the physicochemical and microbiological transitions typical of cheese maturation and to the characteristics of the microbiota present in each of the cheese factories. The results of this research provide elements for the microbial characterization of Mexican artisanal cheeses.

Resumen El Queso de Prensa, también llamado Costeño es elaborado artesanalmente a partir de leche cruda de vaca en la región de la Costa Chica del estado de Guerrero. Con el fin de conocer las características de los quesos artesanales mexicanos, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los cambios en el recuento de bacterias mesófilas aerobias (BMA), microorganismos coliformes totales (CT), bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) y estafilococos coagulasa positivos (ECP), durante la maduración (5, 30, 60 y 90 días) de quesos de prensa, elaborados por cuatro diferentes queserías (A, B, C y D) de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México. Una porción (25 g) de cada muestra de queso se homogeneizó con diluyente de peptona (225 ml) y se prepararon diluciones desde 10 -1 a 10 -6 con las que se sembraron placas 3M TM PetrifilmTM. Después de incubar a diferentes condiciones, según el tipo de microorganismo, se hicieron recuentos de BMA, CT, BAL y ECP. Los resultados mostraron que conforme avanzó el tiempo de maduración del Queso de Prensa, la carga microbiana disminuyó: BMA de 4 a 2, CT de 6 a 3, BAL de 6 a 2 y ECP de 5 a 2 log10 UFC g-1. Los cambios en los recuentos de los grupos bacterianos estudiados, pueden ser atribuidos a las transiciones fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas propias de la maduración del queso y a las características de la microbiota presente en cada una de las queserías. Los resultados de esta investigación aportan elementos para la caracterización microbiana de los quesos artesanales mexicanos.

Resumen: Introducción: la sífilis congénita es una entidad grave, que ocurre en recién nacidos de gestantes con sífilis no tratada o tratada inadecuadamente, que puede conducir a resultados adversos en el feto como abortos, óbitos, partos prematuros, bajo peso al nacer, infecciones sistémicas graves y muerte. Constituye un importante problema de salud pública a pesar de la disponibilidad de intervenciones costo-efectivas para evitar la transmisión materno fetal. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de sífilis gestacional e incidencia de sífilis congénita en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell en el periodo marzo 2020 - marzo 2021, año en el que se declaró la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo en al cual fueron incluidas las mujeres embarazadas con diagnóstico de sífilis gestacional y neonatos con sífilis congénita. Resultados: se registró una prevalencia de sífilis gestacional de 27,5/1000 embarazadas y una incidencia de sífilis congénita de 1,37/1000 nacidos vivos. De los 161 recién nacidos 78 (48,4%) fueron considerados de alto riesgo de sífilis connatal por lo cual recibieron tratamiento y su internación se prolongó. Se observó un alto porcentaje de embarazos mal controlados y un bajo nivel de tratamiento a las parejas sexuales. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sífilis gestacional en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, en el período marzo 2020-marzo 2021, año de la pandemia por COVID-19; fue de 27,5/1000 embarazadas. Se confirmó aumento de la prevalencia con respecto al 20,8% reportado anteriormente. La incidencia de SC fue de 1,37/1000 nacidos vivos. Concomitante se observó una disminución en el control del embarazo y escaso tratamiento de las parejas sexuales. Se constata que aumentó el porcentaje de neonatos con alto riesgo de padecer sífilis connatal.

Summary: Introduction: syphilis is a preventable and treatable sexually transmitted disease that is a major public health problem. Transmission to the fetus, congenital syphilis, is serious and it is also the cause of abortions and deaths. Early and timely maternal diagno sis is a fundamental prevention tool. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of gestational syphilis and the incidence of congenital syphilis in the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center in the period March 2020-March 2021, the year in which the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Material and Methods: an observational, descriptive study was carried out in which pregnant women diagnosed with gestational syphilis and neonates with congenital syphilis were included. Results: a prevalence of gestational syphilis of 27.5/1000 pregnant women and an incidence of congenital syphilis of 1.37/1000 live births were recorded of the 161 newborns, 78 (48.4%) of the neonates were considered to be at high risk of connatal syphilis, for which they received treatment and their hospital stay was prolonged. A high percentage of poorly controlled pregnancies and a low level of treatment for sexual partners were observed. Conclusions: the prevalence of gestational syphilis maintained an upward trend at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to a significant decrease in pregnancy control, poor treatment of sexual partners and a high percentage of patients at high risk of unconfirmed connatal syphilis. After the first year of the COVID-19 Pandemic this rising trend still remains.

Resumo: Introduccción: a sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível, prevenível e tratável, que constitui um importante problema de saúde pública. Sua transmissão para o feto constitui uma entidade grave, a sífilis congênita, que é a causa de abortos e mortes. O diagnóstico materno precoce e oportuno é uma ferramenta fundamental de prevenção. Objetivos: determinar a prevalência de sífilis gestacional e incidência de sífilis congênita no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell no período de março de 2020 a março de 2021, ano em que foi declarada a pandemia de COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, no qual foram incluídas gestantes com diagnóstico de sífilis gestacional e neonatos com sífilis congênita. Resultados: houve prevalência de sífilis gestacional de 27,5/1000 gestantes e incidência de sífilis congênita de 1,37/1000 nascidos vivos. Dos 161 recém nascidos, 78 (48,4%) dos neonatos foram considerados de alto risco para sífilis conatal para os quais receberam tratamento e sua internação foi prolongada. Observouse elevado percentual de gestações mal controladas e baixo nível de tratamento dos parceiros sexuais. Conclusões: a prevalência de sífilis gestacional no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19 manteve a tendência ascendente, maiormente devido à diminuição significativa do controle da gravidez, mau tratamento dos parceiros sexuais e alta porcentagem de pacientes com alto risco de sífilis congênita não confirmada. A tendência ascendente ainda continua depois do primeiro ano da pandemia.

Resumen: Introducción: la infección por el virus de la gripe genera morbimortalidad. El personal de salud es uno de los grupos prioritarios para ser vacunado. Objetivo: conocer cobertura vacunal contra la gripe del personal de salud que trabaja con niños en CASMU en 2019 y 2020, y las razones por las que se vacunaron o no. Material y método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Recolección de datos en 2020 a través de un cuestionario anónimo. Se registraron las siguientes variables: edad, lugar de trabajo (urgencias, internación o policlínica), función, riesgo de enfermedad grave, aplicación o no de vacuna en 2019 y en 2020, y motivos de vacunación o de no vacunación. Resultados: completaron la encuesta 204 trabajadores. En 2019, se vacunó el 73 % y, en 2020, el 77,5 % (p >0,05). El personal de salud de urgencias de Montevideo presentó mayor vacunación (en 2019, el 90,7 %; en 2020, el 93 %), seguido por el personal de salud de urgencias de Ciudad de la Costa e internación. Según la ocupación, para los médicos se registró una vacunación mayor al 95 % (2019 y 2020); para las licenciadas y auxiliares de enfermería, el 68,6 % en 2019 y el 75,7 % en 2020; para el personal no clínico, el 33 % en 2019 y el 41 % en 2020. El aumento de vacunados en 2020 no fue significativo en ninguna de las ocupaciones. El 21 % de los encuestados presentaba riesgo de enfermedad grave; el 65 % de estos se vacunó en 2019 y el 74,4 % en 2020. La totalidad de las embarazadas de la muestra se vacunó. Motivos más frecuentes mencionados de vacunación (2019 y 2020): prevención (50,5 %) y ser personal de salud (36 %). El de quienes no se vacunaron fue “Nunca enfermo” (19 %). Quienes no se administraron la vacuna en 2019, pero sí en 2020, mencionaron más frecuentemente la pandemia como motivo. Conclusión: en CASMU, el porcentaje de trabajadores de la salud en contacto con niños que se adhirió a la vacunación antigripal en 2019 y 2020 fue mayor al 70 %. No se registró aumento significativo por la pandemia. Se debe mejorar la cobertura en policlínicas y del personal de salud no médico, en particular del personal de salud con factores de riesgo de enfermedad grave.

Summary: Introduction: the influenza virus infection causes morbidity and mortality. Health care personnel (HCP) is one of the priority groups to be vaccinated. Objective: to learn about HCP’s vaccination coverage against influenza of those workers working with children at CASMU in 2019 and 2020, and the reasons why they received vaccination or did not. Material and Methods: observational, descriptive, crosssectional study. Data collection in 2020: anon ymous survey. Variables: age, place of work (emer gency, hospital or clinic), function, risk of serious illness, vaccination received (or not received) in 2019 and 2020 and reasons. Results: 204 workers completed the survey; influenza vaccination: 73% in 2019 and 77.5% in 2020 (p>0.05). Montevideo‘s Emergency Department presented the highest level of vaccination and hospitalization (2019-90.7%; 2020-93%) followed by the Ciudad de la Costa’s Emergency Department. By occupational level: doctors: vaccination> 95% (2019 and 2020); graduates and nursing assistants: 2019-68.6%; 2020- 75.7%; administrative, kitchen, cleaning and gate house staff: 2019-33%, 2020-41%. The increase in vaccinated personnel in 2020 was not significant for any of the occupations. 21% of those surveyed had a risk of serious illness; 65% were vaccinated in 2019 and 74.4% in 2020. All the sampled pregnant women were vaccinated. The most frequent reasons mentioned for vaccination (2019 and 2020): “prevention” (50.5%), being PS (36%). Those who were not vaccinated stated that were “never ill” (19%). Those who had not received the vaccine in 2019, but received in 2020, mostly mentioned the “pandemic” as a reason. Conclusion: in CASMU, the percentage of health workers in contact with children who adhered to the flu vaccination in 2019 and 2020 was higher than 70%. There was no significant increase after to the pandemic. Coverage in polyclinics and nonmedical HCP, in particular those HCP with risk factors for serious diseases, should be improved.

Resumo: Introdução: a infecção pelo vírus influenza gera morbimortalidade. O pessoal de saúde (PS) é um dos grupos prioritários a ser vacinado. Objetivo: conhecer a cobertura vacinal contra influenza do PS que atende crianças no CASMU em 2019 e 2020, e os motivos pelos quais foram vacinados ou não. Material e Métodos: estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Coleta de dados em 2020: questionário anônimo. Variáveis: idade, local de trabalho (emergência, internação ou policlínica), função, anos de trabalho, risco de doença grave, aplicação ou não da vacinação em 2019 e 2020 e motivos. Resultados: 204 trabalhadores responderam à pesquisa; vacinação contra influenza: 73% em 2019 e 77,5% em 2020 (p> 0,05). O pronto socorro de Montevidéu apresentou o maior nível de vacinação (2019-90,7%; 2020-93%) seguido pelo pronto socorro de Ciudad de la Costa e internação. Ocupação: médicos: vacinação> 95% (2019 e 2020); graduados e auxiliares de enfermagem: 2019-68,6%; 2020-75,7%; Pessoal administrativo, cozinha, limpeza e porteiros: 2019-33%, 2020-41%. O aumento de vacinados em 2020 não foi significativo em nenhuma das ocupações. 21% dos entrevistados corriam risco de doenças graves; 65% deles foram vacinados em 2019 e 74,4% em 2020. Todas as gestantes da amostra foram vacinadas. Motivos mais citados para a vacinação (2019 e 2020): “prevenção” (50,5%), sendo PS (36%). Aqueles que não foram vacinados disseram que eles “nunca ficavam doentes” (19%). Os que não receberam a vacina em 2019, mas sim em 2020, citaram com mais frequência a “pandemia” como motivo. Conclusão: no CASMU, a percentagem de profissionais de saúde em contato com crianças que aderiram à vacinação contra gripe em 2019 e 2020 foi superior a 70%. Não houve aumento significativo após a pandemia. A cobertura em policlínicas e profissionais de saúde não médicos e, em particular, profissionais de saúde com fatores de risco para doenças graves, deve ser melhorada.

Abstract This study aimed to identify, through a systematic literature review, what is already known about the relationship between mathematical anxiety (MA), family, parenting style and socioeconomic status. The searches were carried out in the electronic bases Portal de Periódicos Capes and Web of Science, including only articles published from 2001 to 2020. The most relevant aspects in the articles include environmental, behavioral, affective, academic and economic factors. None of the articles presented a discussion about the concept of family in historical, social and cultural terms. We discussed that, when working with parents and caregivers in the relationship between MA and family, we deal with risk factors that predict MA. We consider the importance of historical and cultural foundations that make it possible to build a posture characterized by the ability to be in the dynamics of reality and to interfere in this dynamic as such.

Résumé Cette étude vise à identifier, à travers une revue systématique de la littérature, ce qui est acquis sur la relation entre l’anxiété mathématique (AM), style parental et statut socio-économique. Les recherches, effectuées dans les bases de données électroniques Portal de Periódicos Capes et Web of Science, n’ont inclus que les articles publiés de 2001 à 2020 dont. Les aspects les plus pertinents concernent les facteurs environnementaux, comportementaux, affectifs, académiques et économiques. Aucun article n’a soulevé de discussion sur le concept de famille du point de vue historique, social et culturel. On discute que travailler avec les résponsables qui s’occupent de la relation entre l’anxiété mathématique et la famille permet d’identifier des facteurs de risque prédicteurs de cette anxiété. Il nous a semblé important de considérer quels étaient les fondements historiques et culturels qui favorisent construire une position caractérisée par la capacité d’être et d’interférer dans la dynamique de la réalité.

Resumen Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar, por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, lo que ya se sabe sobre la relación entre la ansiedad matemática (AM), la familia, el estilo parental y el status socioeconómico. Las búsquedas fueron realizadas en las bases de datos electrónicas Portal de Periódicos Capes y Web of Science, incluyendo únicamente artículos publicados entre 2001 y 2020. Los aspectos más relevantes en los artículos incluyen factores ambientales, conductuales, afectivos, académicos y económicos. Ninguno de los artículos presentó una discusión sobre el concepto de familia en términos históricos, sociales y culturales. Discutimos que, al trabajar con los responsables de la relación entre AM y familia, tratamos con factores de riesgo que predicen la AM. Consideramos la importancia de fundamentos históricos y culturales que posibiliten construir una postura caracterizada por la capacidad de estar en la dinámica de la realidad e interferir en esa dinámica como tal.

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, o que já se sabe sobre a relação entre ansiedade matemática (AM), família, estilo parental e status socioeconômico. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases eletrônicas Portal de Periódicos Capes e Web of Science, incluindo apenas artigos publicados de 2001 a 2020. Os aspectos mais relevantes nos artigos incluem fatores ambientais, comportamentais, afetivos, acadêmicos e econômicos. Nenhum deles apresentou discussões sobre o conceito de família em termos históricos, sociais e culturais. Discutimos que, ao trabalhar com os responsáveis na relação entre AM e família, lidamos com fatores de risco que predizem a AM. Consideramos a importância de fundamentos históricos e culturais que possibilitam construir uma postura caracterizada pela capacidade de ser na dinâmica da realidade e de interferir nessa dinâmica como tal.

Resumen Las investigaciones en semillas se adecuan a los avances obtenidos y las necesidades por resolver. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar los aspectos relevantes de la información publicada en revistas científicas mexicanas relacionadas con mejorar la calidad y producción de semillas. La información se obtuvo de 16 revistas científicas mexicanas del catálogo del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México, en su temática de Biotecnología y Ciencias Agropecuarias. El periodo de revisión fue de enero de 2010 a julio de 2021. Se revisaron 149 artículos realizadas en su mayoría en México. De 79 artículos su tema se centra en el estudio de la calidad fisiológica. La semilla de maíz fue la más estudiada (27 artículos) y en contraste, se observaron estudios en 50 especies con un solo artículo. Las palabras clave más utilizadas fueron germinación (32), Zea mays (15) semilla(s) (14) y vigor (13). Entre los cinco artículos más citados, dos se enfocan en políticas públicas y mercado de semillas. Aunque el número de artículos en semillas publicados en México sea bajo, se observa una amplia colaboración entre autores. Es necesario reforzar otras áreas de investigación para solucionar problemas como la calidad sanitaria y la conservación de semillas.

Abstract Seed research is adapted to the advances obtained and the needs to be met. The objective of this work was to identify the relevant aspects of the information published in Mexican scientific journals related to improving seed quality and production. The information was obtained from 16 Mexican scientific journals from the catalog of the National Council for Science and Technology of Mexico, in its subject area of Biotechnology and Agricultural Sciences. The review period was from January 2010 to July 2021. A total of 149 papers, mostly developed in Mexico, were reviewed. Of 79 papers, their topic focuses on the study of physiological quality. Corn seed was the most studied (27 papers) and in contrast, studies on 50 species were observed with a single paper. The most commonly used keywords were germination (32), Zea mays (15), seed(s) (14), and vigor (13). Among the five most cited papers, two focus on public policies and seed market. Although the number of papers on seeds published in Mexico is low, a wide collaboration between authors is observed. It is necessary to strengthen other areas of research to solve problems such as seed sanitary quality and conservation.

RESUMO: A co-digestão dos dejetos suínos associados a resíduos vegetais é uma alternativa que pode elevar as produções de biogás e metano alcançadas pela digestão isolada do dejeto. No entanto, recomendações que se baseiem na melhor proporção entre dejeto e forragem, assim como na idade de colheita ainda são escassas na literatura. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar inclusões crescentes (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% dos sólidos totais (ST) de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) colhido em duas idades de corte mediana (MA) aos 45 dias de crescimento e avançada (AA) aos 90 dias, empregado em co-digestão com o dejeto suíno, adotando-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2. Foram utilizados biodigestores batelada de bancada, sendo as produções de biogás acompanhadas durante 12 semanas. Houve influência da idade da forragem (P<0,05) na degradação de sólidos e fibra em detergente neutro, com maiores valores para os substratos que continham a forragem MA. Os maiores rendimentos de CH4 foram alcançados pelos substratos que continham forragem MA na inclusão de 27,7 e 31,6 %, sendo de 253,7 e 222,2 L de CH4 por Kg de ST ou sólido volátil adicionado. A idade das forragens influenciou o início e a persistência das produções de biogás ao longo do período de digestão, sendo vantajosa apenas na inclusão de 25% de forragem com MA.

ABSTRACT: The co-digestion of swine manure with vegetable waste is an alternative that can increase the production of biogas and methane generated by the isolated digestion of manure. However, recommendations that are based on the best ratio between manure and forage, as well as the age of harvest, are still scarce in the literature. This study was conducted to evaluate inclusions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of the total solids (TS) of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) harvested at two ages medium age (MA) at 45 days of growth and advanced age (AA) at 90 days in co-digestion with swine manure, using an entirely randomized design in a 5x2 factorial scheme. Batch digesters were used and biogas production was monitored for 12 weeks. There was influence of forage age (P <0.05) on the degradation of solids and neutral detergent fiber, with higher values for the substrates containing MA forage. The highest CH4 yields were obtained by the substrates containing MA forage in the inclusion of 27.7 and 31.6%, being 253.7 and 222.2 L of CH4 per Kg of total or volatile solids. The age of the forages influenced the onset and persistence of biogas production, being advantageous only in the inclusion of 25% of MA forage. The AA forage inclusion is not recommended for co-digestion with swine manure.

Abstract Microbialites are the most abundant life evidence in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. They are produced by microbial interaction activity and sedimentary processes reflecting paleoenvironmental conditions. The Ediacaran-Cambrian carbonate and siliciclastic successions in the Southern Amazon Craton in Central Brazil, provide a key opportunity to understand how the metazoan life coexisted with the microbial communities. The spatial and temporal distribution of microbialites as well as morphological and paleoenvironmental changes have been assessed, reinterpreting previous works and including new data from the Araras-Alto Paraguai and Corumbá basins. The deposition was controlled by subsidence and sea-level changes that affected these basins, considered extensions of epicontinental seas during the Gondwana assembly. The stromatolites are restricted to coastal deposits and experienced thriving flourishment intervals after the Marinoan Glaciation (635 Ma). Post-glacial transgression was marked by microbial colonization in shallow platforms represented by stratiform and giant domical stromatolites in the Araras-Alto Paraguai Basin. The continuity of the transgression generated a moderately deep aragonite sea at about 622 Ma. A progressive sea-level fall caused the implantation of coastal environments under greenhouse conditions with tidal flat and sabkha settings colonized by centimetric-scale stromatolites. The sea retreat was accompanied by progressive uplift, causing a moderate inversion of the basin and erosion of the succession until ~560 Ma with the deposition of the last preserved tidal flat deposits with the occurrence of thrombolites. The subsiding Corumbá Basin was the site of microbially-induced deposition of carbonates in a shallow platform connected to an offshore setting with the proliferation of metazoan straddling the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary. Microbial communities were restricted to lagoon deposits during the Lower Cambrian transgression in the Araras-Alto Paraguai Basin and the last phase refers to the sea retreat towards southeast, developing a fluvial system connected with the arid and evaporitic tidal flats colonized by microbialites that lasted until the upper Cambrian. Except for the post-glacial stromatolites, the columnar and domal microbialite indicate that the coastal settings dominated the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. The preservation of microbialites in the post-glacial intervals can be associated with the Mg-Ca-CO3 oversaturation in dolomitic platforms. The rapid calcification and ability to resist the dissolution and replacement have increased the stromatolites’ preservation potential reported here, where its well-preserved occurrence in tidal flats and sabkha occurs due to intense early diagenetic silicification. The change from carbonate accumulation to siliciclastic-rich environments contributed to the demise of microbially-induced strata. In general, the scarce coexistence between coastal stromatolite and metazoan-bearing marine deposits makes it challenging to establish a competitive relationship between these organisms, as previously postulated.

Summary Rusts have been one of the major probles of wheat (Triticum spp.) worldwide, of which the leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is the most common and the most widely distributed. The use of resistant varieties is the most effective and ecologically sustainable method for its control. The objective of this study was to postulate the genes for resistance to leaf rust in seedlings of elite genotypes and their response to the disease in adult plants. Thirty-eight genotypes of the group of parents of the INIFAP-CEVAMEX Wheat Program were evaluated, including varieties and experimental lines. Sixteen different races of leaf rust were inoculated under greenhouse conditions to be evaluated at the seedling stage, and the MBJ/SP race was inoculated to evaluate their response in adult plant in field and greenhouse conditions. Based on the infection types expressed by the genotypes at seedling stage, the presence of 14 genes was postulated: Lr1, 2a, 2c, 3, 9, 10, 13, 14b, 16, 17, 23, 24 and 27+31, alone or in combinations of up to eight, having a total of 31 different combinations; likewise, there was variation in the response in adult plants. Genotypes that combine resistance genes at the seedling and adult plant stages were identified, with newly formed genotypes presenting greater resistance in adult plant, reflecting advances in improvement through the accumulation of genes for the genetic control of leaf rust.

Resumen Las royas han sido uno de los mayores problemas del trigo (Triticum spp.) en el mundo, de las cuales, la de la hoja, causada por el hongo Puccinia triticina, es la más común y la más ampliamente distribuida. El uso de variedades resistentes es el método más efectivo y ecológicamente sustentable para su control. El objetivo de este trabajo fue postular los genes de resistencia a roya de la hoja en plántula de genotipos élite y su respuesta a la enfermedad en planta adulta. Se evaluaron 38 genotipos del grupo de progenitores del Programa de Trigo del INIFAP-CEVAMEX, incluyendo variedades y líneas experimentales. Se inocularon 16 razas diferentes de roya de la hoja bajo condiciones de invernadero para ser evaluados en estado de plántula, y la raza MBJ/SP para medir su respuesta en planta adulta en campo e invernadero. Con base en los tipos de infección expresados por los genotipos en estado de plántula, se postuló la presencia de 14 genes: Lr1, 2a, 2c, 3, 9, 10, 13, 14b, 16, 17, 23, 24 y 27+31, solos o en combinación de hasta ocho, teniendo un total de 31 combinaciones diferentes; así mismo, hubo variación en la respuesta en planta adulta. Se identificaron genotipos que combinan genes de resistencia en plántula y planta adulta, presentando mayor resistencia en planta adulta los genotipos de reciente formación, lo que refleja los avances en el mejoramiento mediante la acumulación de genes para el control genético de la roya de la hoja.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Use Lead-DBS software to analyze stereotactical surgical outcome of an operated population and demonstrate that small target deviations do not compromise the stimulation of desired structures, even with small amperages. METHODS: Image exams of patients submitted to deep brain stimulation for movement disorders treatment were processed in Lead-DBS software. Electrode stereotactic coordinates were subtracted from the planned target and those deviations, compared among different anatomical targets and sides operated firstly and secondly. We also quantified the frequency of relation between the activated tissue volume and the planned target through computer simulations. RESULTS: None of the 16 electrodes were exactly implanted at the planned coordinates. A stimulation of 3 mA reached 62.5% of the times the planned coordinates, rising to 68.75% with a 3,5 mA. No statistical significance was demonstrated in any comparison of laterality and anatomical sites. CONCLUSIONS: The simulation of small amperage fields could reach the intended target even when electrode placement is suboptimal. Furthermore, such a goal can be achieved without overlapping the volume of activated tissue with undesired structures. Software Lead-DBS proved to be a valuable complementary asset for surgical stereotactical result assessment.

Abstract Here we report the production and characterization of a low-cost supercapacitor with electrodes based on colloidal graphite. We characterized the as-prepared device in terms of cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitor exhibited good electrochemical performance with a high capacitance of 22 F g-1 for a discharge current of 2 mA. Long-term cyclability tests show that the device can keep about 85% of its capacitance after 500 cycles, even without encapsulation. We found power and energy densities of 110 W kg-1 and 3 Wh kg-1, respectively. All the experimental results indicate that the colloidal graphite Aquadag® is a promising material for application in supercapacitors.

Avocado has great socioeconomic importance in Mexico because of the benefits it generates for the production chain participants and the significant foreign exchange earnings engendered by the export of its fruit. However, this crop has phytosanitary problems, caused mainly by fungi, among which the genus Fusarium stands out. The objective of this study was to characterize Fusarium species that caused root rot in avocado trees in Michoacan, Mexico. In 19 isolates of Fusarium spp., polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers coding for elongation factor and calmodulin genes were performed. These sequences were compared in homology using BLAST analysis and aligned in MEGA 6.0. Cladograms were created based on maximum verisimilitude. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated based on their virulence and severity in the avocado plants. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that 15 isolates belonged to F. oxysporum Schl and four to F. solani Mart. All isolates were pathogenic, with virulence ranging from 16 to 56 days. All isolates produced root rot and yellowing of leaves, with 63% producing wilting and 16% producing apical necrosis, the latter being the most severe.

El aguacate en México tiene gran importancia socioeconómica por los beneficios que genera para los participantes de la cadena productiva y la generación de divisas por la exportación de su fruta. Sin embargo, este cultivo presenta problemas fitosanitarios ocasionados por hongos entre los que destacan el género Fusarium. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar especies de Fusarium que producen pudrición de raíz en árboles de aguacate en Michoacán, México. En 19 aislados de Fusarium spp. la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) se hizo con iniciadores que codifican para genes de factor de elongación y calmodulina. Estas secuencias se compararon en homología por medio de análisis BLAST y se alinearon en MEGA 6.0. Los cladogramas se hicieron con base a máxima verisimilitud. La patogenicidad de los aislados se evaluó de acuerdo con su virulencia y severidad en plantas de aguacate. Los análisis morfológicos y moleculares concluyeron que 15 aislados pertenecen a Fusarium oxysporum Schl. y cuatro a Fusarium solani Mart. Todos los aislados fueron patogénicos, presentaron con su virulencia que osciló entre 16 a 56 días. El total de los aislados produjo pudrición radical y amarillamiento de las hojas, marchitez en 63% y necrosis apical en 16%, este último síntoma fue el más severo.

Abstract Background: Cloning techniques are applied to an endangered orchid species in order to reproduce individual plants and to preserve their genetic characteristics. Objectives: To establish a new protocol for clonal propagation of a threatened orchid of horticultural importance. Study species: Trichocentrum stramineum, a threatened orchid endemic to Mexico. Study site and duration: Totutla, Veracruz, Mexico. All experiments were designed and carried out at the Botanical Garden-UNAM and the IIAF-UMSNH over a course of six years. Methods: Seeds were germinated in a modified KC basal medium; protocorms and apical bud explants were obtained from the resulting in vitro plants and cultivated with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Both experimental groups were subcultured in order to evaluate the number of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and buds per explant. Results: On average, protocorms generated 51.2 and 54.1 PLBs in the absence or presence of 1 mg l-1 6-benzyladenine (BA), respectively, while 13.1 and up to 23.7 PLBs and / or shoots were observed on the apical bud explants in the absence or presence of 1 mg l-1 kinetin, respectively. In both cases, responses were direct, without the formation of an intervening callus. Approximately 200 PLBs were subcultured and developed into whole plants within 14 weeks. These were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions with a 90 % survival rate after 12 weeks. After 44 weeks, flowering was observed (3 %) individuals measuring at least 12 cm in height. Conclusions: The developed protocol proved to hold great potential for commercial propagation and conservation programs.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las técnicas de clonación se utilizan para reproducir orquídeas en peligro de extinción, manteniendo las características genéticas de cada individuo a conservar. Objetivos: Establecer un nuevo protocolo para la propagación clonal de una planta con importancia hortícola. Especie de estudio: Trichocentrum stramineum, orquídea endémica y amenazada de México Sitio y años de estudio: Totutla, Veracruz. El estudio duró 6 años, desarrollado en el Jardín Botánico UNAM y el IIAF, UMSNH. Métodos: Las semillas germinaron en un medio basal KC modificado; se tomaron los protocormos y explantes de yemas apicales de las plantas in vitro resultantes y se cultivaron con o sin reguladores del crecimiento vegetal (PGR). Ambos se subcultivaron, evaluando el número de cuerpos similares a protocormos (PLB) y brotes unidos a cada explante. Resultados: Los protocormos generaron en promedio 51.2 y 54.1 PLB en ausencia o presencia de 1 mg l-1 benciladenina respectivamente, mientras que se observaron 13.1 y hasta 23.7 PLB y / o brotes en los explantes de yema apical en ausencia o presencia de 1 mg l-1 de cinetina, en ese orden, ambas respuestas fueron directas sin presencia de callo. Aproximadamente 200 PLBs fueron subcultivados y desarrollados en plantas enteras en 14 semanas. Estas se aclimataron a condiciones de invernadero con una tasa de supervivencia del 90 % después de 12 semanas. Después de 44 semanas, se observó floración (3 %) individuos que medían al menos 12 cm de altura. Conclusiones: El protocolo desarrollado demuestra su potencial en programas comerciales de propagación y conservación.

Abstract Alta Floresta Gold Province occurs in the center-south portion of the Amazon Craton. Trairão gold deposit, which is located in the Alta Floresta Gold Province, is hosted by 1878 to 1854 Ma arc-related granites. Two important Au deposits take place in the region, the Trairão and Chumbo Grosso, which are structurally controlled by N80°W/S80°E trending lineament and associated with quartz veins and disseminated sulfides in a strong phyllic alteration zone of the host granite. Hydrothermal monazite grains formed during the Au mineralization event occur as fine anhedral crystals filling fractures or as isolated grains associated with Ag, Au, molybdenite, barite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. The hydrothermal monazite grains contain very low U, relatively low Th, and moderate Nd and La contents. SHRIMP U-Th-Pb dating of these crystals yielded an age of 1798 ± 12 Ma for Trairão and 1805 ± 22 Ma for Chumbo Grosso Au-deposits, whereas magmatic zircon grains of the granitic host rocks yielded an age of 1854 ± 8 Ma. The ages obtained in this paper are similar to those reported by Assis (2015), who studied Pé Quente (Re-Os in molybdenite, 1792 ± 9 Ma and 1784 ± 11) and Francisco deposits (40Ar-39Ar ages from sericitic halo: 1779 ± 6.2 and 1777 ± 6.3 Ma). Serrato et al. (2014) acquired Re-Os dating in pyrite and molybdenite from Juruena gold deposit. The results show isochronous ages at 1786 ± 1 Ma, with a model age at 1787 ± 3.2 Ma, suggesting a major Statherian gold metallogenic event at the Alta Floresta Gold Province region. Regional fluids-flow has a close relationship with the generation and concentration of several important economic deposits in the Eastern border of Alta Floresta Gold Province, including Pé Quente, Francisco, Juruena, Chumbo Grosso, and Trairão Au-deposits.

RESUMO: A qualidade dos produtos é uma vantagem competitiva que desempenha um papel diferencial entre empresas. Na indústria alimentar, faz-se necessária a adoção do Sistema de Gestão de Qualidade, como as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), que abrangem os procedimentos essenciais de higiene, visando à segurança alimentar. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de um laticínio selecionado da ilha de São Luís, Maranhão. Foi realizado um checklist, coleta por swabs das mãos dos manipuladores e de equipamentos e coleta de água e iogurte para análises microbiológicas. Após essa etapa, foi executado um treinamento para os manipuladores de alimentos e, por fim, novas coletas e análises microbiológicas foram realizadas. Todas as análises microbiológicas realizadas mostraram-se satisfatórias, com exceção da amostra de água, uma antes e outra após o treinamento. Pode-se constatar que a condição higiênico-sanitária do laticínio era boa. Contudo, após uma palestra e a realização de novas análises microbiológicas, foram observadas melhorias nos resultados.

ABSTRACT: The product quality is a competitive advantage that plays a differential role among companies. In the food industry, which is based on the Quality Management System, such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which cover the hygiene procedure, aiming at food safety. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of a selected dairy from the São Luís Island - MA. An application of the checklist was performed, swab collection from the hands of the manipulators and equipment and the collection of water and yogurt for microbiological analysis. After this step, a training was performed for food handlers and finally, new collections and microbiological analysis were performed. All the microbiological analysis performed were satisfactory, except for the water sample, one before and again for training. It can be verified that the hygienic-sanitary condition of the dairy was good. However, after a lecture and new microbiological analyzes, improvements were observed in the results.