Introduction: The Charlson comorbidities index (CCI) assesses a person's chances of survival over the next 10 years. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple comorbidities and complications affect patient survival. Objetive: Analize the variables that influence the CCI of a group of females with SLE. Methods: Retrospective study of medical records of 100 lupus patients for CCI, clinical, epidemiological and serological variables. Results: No epidemiological variable interfered in CCI. Regarding clinical manifestations, patients with glomerulonephritis had a worse CCI than those without (p<0.0001) and those with central nervous system manifestations had a tendency to worse CCI (p=0.09). Patients with anti-Ro antibodies (p=0.02) and rheumatoid factor or RF (p=0.002) were associated with a lower CCI. Conclusions: The presence of glomerulonephritis is associated with lower survival and of the anti-Ro and RF antibodies with longer survival in SLE.

Introdução : O índice de comorbidades de Charlson (ICC) avalia as chances de sobrevivência de uma pessoa nos próximos 10 anos. No lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) múltiplas comorbidades e complicações afetam a sobrevida. Objetivo : Verificar as variáveis ​​que influenciam no ICC de um grupo de mulheres com LES. Métodos : Estudo retrospectivo de 100 pacientes lúpicas para o ICC, variáveis ​​clínicas, epidemiológicas e sorológicas. Resultados : Nenhuma variável epidemiológica interferiu no ICC. Quanto à clínica, pacientes com glomerulonefrite tiveram pior ICC do que os sem (p<0,0001) e os com manifestações de sistema nervoso central tiveram tendência para pior ICC (p=0,09). Portadores de anticorpos anti-Ro (p=0,02) e fator reumatoide (FR; p=0,002) se associaram com ICC menor. Conclusões : A presença de glomerulonefrite se associa com menor sobrevida, e a dos anticorpos anti-Ro e FR com maior sobrevida no LES.

Abstract Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a challenge for small ruminant farming worldwide. It causes productive and economic losses, especially due to parasite resistance to conventional anthelmintics. Natural compounds with antiparasitic activity are a potential alternative for controlling these parasites especially when considering the widespread occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of anacardic acid, geraniol, cinnamaldehyde and citronellal on Haemonchus contortus isolates with different levels of anthelmintic resistance profiles. These compounds were tested using egg hatch assays (EHAs), larval development tests (LDTs) as well as LDTs on mini-fecal cultures, on the Haemonchus contortus isolates Kokstad (KOK-resistant to all anthelmintics), Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (ISE-susceptible to all anthelmintics) and Echevarria (ECH-susceptible to all anthelmintics). Effective concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) of egg hatching and larval development were calculated. Results for EHA and LDT for all tested compounds, considering EC50 and EC95 values, showed low variation among the studied isolates with most RF values below 2x. All studied compounds showed efficacy against egg hatching and larval development of H. contortus isolates regardless of anthelmintic resistance profiles. The compounds with the smallest EC50 and EC95 values were cinnamaldehyde and anacardic acid making them promising candidates for future in vivo studies.

Resumo A infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais é um dos principais desafios na produção de pequenos ruminantes e ocasiona perdas produtivas, principalmente, devido à resistência anti-helmíntica. Bioativos com atividade anti-helmíntica são potencial alternativa para o controle desses parasitos em especial, considerando-se a ampla incidência de resistência anti-helmíntica nos rebanhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade biológica do ácido anacárdico, geraniol, cinamaldeído e citronelal em isolados de Haemonchus contortus com diferentes perfis de resistência anti-helmíntica. Foram realizados testes de eclosão de ovos (TEO), testes de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) e TDLs em minicoproculturas, utilizando-se o isolado Kokstad (resistente a todos os anti-helmínticos), o isolado Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (suscetível) e o isolado Echevarria (suscetível). Foram calculadas as concentrações efetivas para inibir 50% (CE50) e 95% (CE95) da eclodibilidade dos ovos e do desenvolvimento larvar. Resultados de TEO e TDL apresentaram baixa variação entre os diferentes isolados para um mesmo composto testado com fatores de resistência geralmente abaixo de 2x. Todos os compostos estudados mostraram eficácia contra a eclosão de ovos e desenvolvimento larvar de isolados de H. contortus independente do perfil de resistência anti-helmíntica dos mesmos. Os compostos que apresentaram atividade nas menores concentrações foram cinamaldeído e ácido anacárdico, sendo estes os componentes mais promissores para futuros estudos in vivo.

ABSTRACT Air traffic management has become increasingly complex due to the increasing use of air transport. One of the main management bottlenecks is planning the efficient use of runways for takeoff and landing. This paper aims to investigate the Aircraft Landing Problem, which seeks to minimize earliness and tardiness in aircraft landing time, assigning them to a runway to land and sequencing them. A new mathematical formulation based on Job Shop was proposed for the problem, comparing it with four mathematical formulations in the literature; three directly comparable and another containing a particularity that does not allow a direct comparison with the other formulations. Computational tests were performed on 49 instances of the literature using the Gurobi Optimizer optimization package. These mathematical formulations commonly used for the ALP present difficulties in finding the optimal solution when the number of aircraft to land is large, i.e., more than 50 aircraft. Therefore, we proposed a matheuristic to solve instances with a greater number of aircraft than the Gurobi Optimizer cannot solve optimally. This matheuristic first finds an initial solution using relax-and-fix (RF) and then fix-and-optimize (FO) improves the found solution. Comparisons were also made using the first feasible solution obtained by Gurobi and then was improved with FO. Among the matheuristic variations, the one that obtained the best result was the combination of RF with FO and this also showed efficiency in relation to the work in the literature that uses FO.

Abstract Forest burning susceptibility mapping is a tool to mitigate wildfires, with several methods to develop them. This study aimed to compare the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Random Forest (RF) methods for mapping. Several variables were used to generate the maps. For MLR and RF methods, fire frequency between 1990 and 2010 was used as the response variable in the models. To validate the methods (AHP, MLR and RF), fire data between 2011 and 2018 were used in four stages. RF was the best method employed. Correct and incorrect values for this method were 74% and 26% and AUC 0.66. The sensitivity and specificity for the highest risk class were 31% and 96%. The low sensitivity values can be attributed to the randomness attributed to anthropic fire. The high specificity values point to a good separation of the higher risk class compared to the others.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Monitoring trends in risk factors (RFs) and the burden of diseases attributable to exposure to RFs is an important measure to identify public health advances and current inadequate efforts. Objective: Analyze the global burden of disease attributable to exposure RFs in Brazil, and its changes from 1990 to 2019, according to the sex and age group. METHODS: This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease study. The Summary Exposure Value, which represents weighted prevalence by risk, was used to estimate exposure to RFs. The mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) measurements were used to estimate the burden of diseases. For comparisons by year and between Brazilian states, age-standardized rates were used. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension was the factor responsible for most deaths in both sexes. For DALYs, the most important RF was the high body mass index (BMI) for women and alcohol consumption for men. Smoking had a substantial reduction in the attributable burden of deaths in the period. An important reduction was identified in the exposure to RFs related to socioeconomic development, such as unsafe water, lack of sanitation, and child malnutrition. Metabolic RFs, such as high BMI, hypertension, and alcohol consumption showed an increase in the attributable burden. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to an increase in metabolic RFs, which are the main RFs for mortality and DALYs. These results can help to consolidate and strengthen public policies that promote healthy lifestyles, thus reducing disease and death.

Abstract The combined use of field data and remote sensing to carry out forest inventories is a topic of current interest. One of the important challenges for its practical application is to optimize/minimize the volume of data to be used to achieve acceptable estimates. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the sampling design and density of LIDAR returns on the accuracy of basal area (AB), timber volume (V), and biomass (B), in addition to sampling estimators assisted by generalized additive models (GAM) and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm for a forest under management located in Zacualtipán, Hidalgo. There were 96 field sampling sites (400 m2), three LIDAR sampling designs, and 10 return densities. Two-phase, two-stage estimators were analyzed to estimate the total inventory. The GAM models proved to be efficient in estimating (0.76 to 0.92 of R2) forest variables at the LIDAR transect level. The RF algorithm showed acceptable goodness of fit (0.71 to 0.79 R2) for estimating variables at the study area level. The regression-assisted estimators showed good accuracy with an error of less than 6% in the inventory of the evaluated variables. It was demonstrated that transect sampling of LIDAR data is a viable alternative for the estimation of variables of forest interest in managed properties.

Resumen El uso combinado de datos de campo y sensores remotos para la realización de inventarios forestales es un tema de interés actual. Uno de los retos importantes para su aplicación práctica consiste en optimizar/minimizar el volumen de datos a utilizar para lograr estimaciones aceptables. En este estudio se analizó el efecto del diseño de muestreo y la densidad de retornos LIDAR sobre la precisión del área basal (AB), el volumen maderable (V) y la biomasa (B), además de estimadores de muestreo asistidos por modelos aditivos generalizados (GAM) y el algoritmo random forest (RF) para un bosque bajo manejo ubicado Zacualtipán, Hidalgo. Se dispuso de 96 sitios de muestreo en campo (400 m2), tres diseños de muestreo LIDAR y 10 densidades de retornos. Se analizaron los estimadores en dos fases y dos etapas para estimar el inventario total. Los modelos GAM demostraron ser eficientes en la estimación (0.76 a 0.92 de R2) de las variables forestales a escala de transecto LIDAR. El algoritmo RF mostró bondades de ajuste aceptables (0.71 a 0.79 de R2) para estimar las variables a escala de área de estudio. Los estimadores asistidos por regresión presentaron una buena precisión teniendo un error menor a 6% en el inventario de las variables evaluadas. Se demostró que las muestras por transectos de datos LIDAR son una alternativa viable para la estimación de variables de interés forestal en predios bajo manejo.

ABSTRACT This work presents the results of a case study to identify the main risk factors in the software deployment phase involving two government Brazilian companies. The case study was developed through several on-site visits to monitor the deployment of the system adopted by companies and conduct interviews with team managers. The data were acquired mainly through questionnaires applied to the technical team (analysts and developers) involved with the software implementation. After acquiring the data, an empirical analysis was carried out, where the Risk Factors (RF) and the Containment Strategies (CS) identified in the literature were compared with the RF and CS found in the software deployment phase of the two companies. As a result, this work presents 11 risk factors and 14 Containment strategies found in the literature, in addition to a total of 9 RF and 9 CS recorded in the implementation of the software in companies A and B, which had not yet been cataloged in the literature.

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with and without ST-segment elevation (STEMI and NSTEMI, respectively), is the principal cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Brazil and around the world. Modifiable risk factors (RF) and quality of life (QOL) may correlate with the type of AMI. Objective To evaluate the influence of QOL and RF on the type of AMI and in-hospital cardiovascular events in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Patients with AMI attending four referral hospitals (three private and one public) for cardiovascular disease treatment were assessed for QOL using the Brazilian version of the 36-item short form survey. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We evaluated 480 volunteers; 51% were treated in one of the private hospitals. In total, 55.6% presented with STEMI, and 44.4% with NSTEMI. Patients from the public hospital were 8.56 times more likely to have STEMI compared to those from the private hospitals. There was a higher prevalence of smokers in STEMI (p < 0.028) patients. QOL was not associated with the type of AMI. A negative patient perception of the physical health and pain domains was observed. Although a significant difference between the physical and the mental health domains was not observed, individual domains were correlated with some in-hospital outcomes. Conclusion There was a higher prevalence of smokers among individuals with STEMI. Domains of QOL showed a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events, with no difference between the types of AMI.

A simple analytical procedure is proposed for the direct analysis of guarana-based beverages in order to determine nutrient elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). A Box-Behnken design, combined with Derringer’s desirability function, was applied to the simultaneous optimization of the ICP OES radiofrequency (RF), sample volume and nitric acid concentration. Using this approach, optimal conditions were established as RF power of 1.40 kW, and 5.0 mL of sample diluted twice with 0.5 mol L-1 HNO3. The optimized procedure allowed the determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, K, Ca, S, P and Mg with limits of quantification of 10.0, 2.0, 0.6, 6.0, 66.0, 65.0, 235, 40.0 and 20.0 µg L-1, respectively. Accuracy of the method was evaluated through analysis of water standard reference material (SRM NIST 1643f) and by addition-recovery experiments, in which satisfactory recoveries were obtained. The procedure was applied for the analysis of guarana-based soft and energy drinks. The concentration ranges (mg L-1) were: 0.36-43.3 (Ca), 4.04-192 (K), 0.36-44.8 (Mg), 10.1-1,073 (S), 0.04-92.4 (P), < 0.010-0.0174 (Cu), < 0.002-0.294 (Fe), < 0.006-0.06 (Zn) and < 0.0006-0.168 (Mn).

Resumo Fundamento A ablação da taquicardia atrial (TA) com local de ativação mais precoce próxima ao feixe de His é um desafio, devido ao risco de bloqueio de AV completo por sua proximidade ao sistema de His-Purkinje (SHP). Uma alternativa para minimizar esse risco é posicionar o cateter na cúspide não coronária (CNC), que é anatomicamente contígua à região para-Hissiana. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão de literatura e avaliar as características eletrofisiológicas, a segurança e o índice de sucesso de aplicação de radiofrequência (RF) por cateter na CNC para o tratamento de TA para-Hissiana em uma série de casos. Métodos Avaliamos retrospectivamente dez pacientes (Idade: 36±10 anos) que foram encaminhados para ablação de taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (TPSV) e haviam sido diagnosticados com TA focal para-Hissiana confirmada por manobras eletrofisiológicas clássicas. Para a análise estatística, um P valor d <0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A ativação atrial mais precoce na posição His foi de 28±12ms da onda P, e a CNC foi 3±2ms antes da posição His, sem evidência de potencial His em todos os pacientes. Foi aplicada RF à CNC (cateter de ponta de 4-mm; 30W, 55°C) e a taquicardia foi interrompida em 5±3s sem aumento no intervalo PR ou evidência de um ritmo juncional. Os testes eletrofisiológicos não induziram novamente a taquicardia em 9/10 pacientes. Não houve complicações em nenhum procedimento. Durante o período de acompanhamento de 30 ± 12 meses, nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência de taquicardia. Conclusão O tratamento percutâneo de TA para-Hissiana por meio de CNC é uma estratégia segura e eficiente, tornando-se uma opção interessante para o tratamento de arritmia complexa. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):119-126)

Abstract Background Atrial tachycardia (AT) ablation with earliest activation site close to the His-Bundle is a challenge due to the risk of complete AV block by its proximity to His-Purkinje system (HPS). An alternative to minimize this risk is to position the catheter on the non-coronary cusp (NCC), which is anatomically contiguous to the para-Hisian region. Objectives The aim of this study was to perform a literature review and evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics, safety, and success rate of catheter-based radiofrequency (RF) delivery in the NCC for the treatment of para-Hisian AT in a case series. Methods This study performed a retrospective evaluation of ten patients (Age: 36±10 y-o) who had been referred for SVT ablation and presented a diagnosis of para-Hisian focal AT confirmed by classical electrophysiological maneuvers. For statistical analysis, a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The earliest atrial activation at the His position was 28±12ms from the P wave and at the NCC was 3±2ms earlier than His position, without evidence of His potential in all patients. RF was applied on the NCC (4-mm-tip catheter; 30W, 55ºC), and the tachycardia was interrupted in 5±3s with no increase in the PR interval or evidence of junctional rhythm. Electrophysiological tests did not reinduce tachycardia in 9/10 of patients. There were no complications in all procedures. During the 30 ± 12 months follow-up, no patient presented tachycardia recurrence. Conclusion The percutaneous treatment of para-Hisian AT through the NCC is an effective and safe strategy, which represents an interesting option for the treatment of this complex arrhythmia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):119-126)

ABSTRACT There is a growing demand for more detailed knowledge about soils, their functions, and connections with human activities and environmental services. In Brazil, where soil survey and mapping have been scarce since the 1990s, there is a remarkable sense of urgency. Recently, a national soil program was created (PronaSolos) to attend to the massive demand for soil information. PronaSolos is an effort to return to the systematic soil mapping of the national territory, which requires many pedologists who master the traditional knowledge of soil mapping, but above all, the modern and accurate digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques. Based on these aspects, this study aims to address the technical and educational aspects inherent in the training process of new pedologists by contextualizing different soil mapping methods using the pedagogy project approach (PPA). Specifically, the study sought to assess the following subjects: (i) evaluate the learning process of different apprentices in performing soil survey and mapping in a small training area; (ii) compare maps generated by conventional soil mapping (CSM) and DSM using two probabilistic design for validation (SRS -Simple Random Sampling and SSRS - Stratified Simple Random Sampling). The DSM techniques evaluated were: Multinomial Logistic Regression - MLR and Random Forest - RF. For the course, four apprentices were selected and trained in both CSM and DSM techniques. Finally, they were asked about the learning process in the PPA and improvement for future courses. This study showed that: a) the PPA is promising to train new pedologists since, by mixing theoretical activities and contextualized practices (a project in progress), it not only awakens great motivation and critical capacity but also develops the ability for apprentices to find solutions in a area in constant evolution; b) the quality of the maps changed significantly according to the validation sample design applied. The CSM present better quality than DSM, mainly when using SSRS. The RF presented equivalent accuracy to CSM using SRS. Irrespective to validation sample design, the MLR presented the lowest accuracy; c) The CSMs presented higher user’s accuracy while the DSMs presented higher producer’s accuracy; d) The quality of CSM generated by the apprentices was not clearly related to the previous experience and knowledge in soil science.

ABSTRACT Post-hatch delayed placement damages, physical and physiological development of broiler chicks. The objective of this study was to ascertain adequate levels of glutamine inclusion in post-hatch and pre-starter feed, in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates of ten birds each. Four levels of glutamine supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 3%) were used in the pre-starter feed, which was given to the chicks in the transportation box and during the pre-starter phase. After 24 hours of access to this feed, and at 7 days of age, the chicks’ performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and small-intestine histomorphometry were evaluated. From seven to ten days of age, a metabolizability assay was performed. Glutamine supplementation tended to increase the use of the yolk sac, the concentration of plasma glucose (p<0.10) and the depth of the crypt in the ileum after 24 hours of life (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the glutamine supplementation levels, in relation to glucose, histomorphometry or metabolizability in the pre-starter phase. Glutamine concentrations did not differ in relation to performance, histomorphometry of the small intestine or metabolizability of nutrients in the pre-starter phase.

RESUMO A temperatura do ar afeta significativamente os processos que envolvem atividades agrícolas e humanas. O conhecimento da temperatura de um determinado local é fundamental para o planejamento agrícola. Também ajuda a tomar decisões sobre as atividades humanas. No entanto, nem sempre é possível determinar essa variável. É necessário fazer uma estimativa precisa, utilizando métodos que sejam capazes de detectar as variações existentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver modelos de regressão linear múltipla (RLM), rede neural artificial (RNA) e floresta aleatória (FA) para estimar a temperatura média (Tmean), máximo (Tmax), e mínimo (Tmin) mensal do ar em função de coordenadas geográficas e altitude para diferentes áreas do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com classificação climática Cwa ou Cwb. Os dados médios mensais (Tmean, Tmax e Tmin), ao longo de um período de 30 anos, foram coletados em 20 estações climatológicas. O RLM foi capaz de estimar o Tmax com precisão. Porém, a capacidade preditiva de estimar Tmean e Tmin foi baixa. Os algoritmos FA e RNA foram usados para estimar Tmean, Tmax e Tmin com alta precisão. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o modelo RF.

ABSTRACT Air temperature significantly affects the processes involving agricultural and human activities. The knowledge of the temperature of a given location is essential for agricultural planning. It also helps to make decisions regarding human activities. However, it is not always possible to determine this variable. It is necessary to make a precise estimate, using methods that are capable of detecting the existing variations. The aim of this study was to develop models of multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF) to estimate the mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax), and minimum (Tmin) monthly air temperatures as a function of geographic coordinates and altitude for different localities in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, with climatic classification Cwa or Cwb. The average monthly data (Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin), over a period of 30 years, were collected from 20 climatological stations. The MLR was able to estimate the Tmax with accuracy. However, the predictive capacity of estimating Tmean and Tmin was low. The algorithms RF and ANN were used to estimate Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin with high accuracy. The best results were obtained using the RF model.

Resumo O estudo descreve as coberturas de planos de saúde e compara a ocorrência de fatores de risco (FR) e proteção de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, na população com e sem planos de saúde nas capitais brasileiras. Foram analisados dados do inquérito telefônico Vigitel. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP), comparando FR entre quem tem ou não plano de saúde. A cobertura de planos foi de 49,1%, mais elevada em Goiania, Vitória, Florianópolis e Belo Horizonte, entre adultos acima de 55 anos e com maior escolaridade. A população com planos de saúde apresenta prevalências mais elevadas de fatores de proteção como consumo de frutas e hortaliças (RP = 1,3 IC95% 1,2-1,3), prática de atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,2 IC95% 1,2-1,3), mamografia (RP = 1,2 IC95% 1,1-1,3) e Papanicolau (RP = 1,1 IC95% 1,2-1,3), e menor prevalência de FR como tabagismo (RP = 0,7 IC95% 0,6-0,8), avaliação de saúde ruim (RP = 0,8 IC95% 0,6-0,9), obesidade (RP = 0,8 IC95% 0,7-0,9), carne com gordura (RP = 0,9 IC95% 0,8-0,9) e leite com gordura (RP = 0,9 IC95% 0,8-0,9). Independentemente da escolaridade, a população que tem planos de saúde apresenta geralmente, melhores indicadores, como hábitos mais saudáveis e maior cobertura de exames preventivos.

Abstract This study describes the coverage of health insurance and compares the occurrence of risk factors (RF) and protective factors of noncommunicable diseases in the population with and without health insurancesin Brazilianstate capitals. Data from the telephone survey Vigitel was analyzed. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR), comparing RF among those who did or did not have a health insurance. Plan coverage was 49.1%, and the highest prevalences were in Goiania, Vitória, Florianópolis, and Belo Horizonte. Adults over 55 years of age and with higher education were more likely to have an insurance. The population with health insurance hada higher prevalence of protective factors, such as fruit and vegetable consumption (PR = 1.3 95% CI 1.2-1.3), physical activity in their free time (PR = 1.2 (95% CI: 1.2-1.3), mammographies (RP = 1.2 IC95% 1.1-1.3) and pap smears (PR = 1.1 IC95% 1.2-1.3), and lower prevalence of RFs such as smoking (RP = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8), poor health (RP = 0.8 CI95% 0.6-0.9), obesity (RP = 0.8 IC95% 0.7-0.9), consumption of meat with fat (RP = 0.9 IC95% 0.8-0.9) and whole milk (RP = 0.9 IC95% 0,8-0.9). Regardless of educational level, the population that has health insurancesgenerally has better indicators, such as healthier habits and greater coverage of preventive exams.

Resumo O estudo descreve as coberturas de planos de saúde e compara a ocorrência de fatores de risco (FR) e proteção de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, na população com e sem planos de saúde nas capitais brasileiras. Foram analisados dados do inquérito telefônico Vigitel. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP), comparando FR entre quem tem ou não plano de saúde. A cobertura de planos foi de 49,1%, mais elevada em Goiania, Vitória, Florianópolis e Belo Horizonte, entre adultos acima de 55 anos e com maior escolaridade. A população com planos de saúde apresenta prevalências mais elevadas de fatores de proteção como consumo de frutas e hortaliças (RP = 1,3 IC95% 1,2-1,3), prática de atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,2 IC95% 1,2-1,3), mamografia (RP = 1,2 IC95% 1,1-1,3) e Papanicolau (RP = 1,1 IC95% 1,2-1,3), e menor prevalência de FR como tabagismo (RP = 0,7 IC95% 0,6-0,8), avaliação de saúde ruim (RP = 0,8 IC95% 0,6-0,9), obesidade (RP = 0,8 IC95% 0,7-0,9), carne com gordura (RP = 0,9 IC95% 0,8-0,9) e leite com gordura (RP = 0,9 IC95% 0,8-0,9). Independentemente da escolaridade, a população que tem planos de saúde apresenta geralmente, melhores indicadores, como hábitos mais saudáveis e maior cobertura de exames preventivos.

Abstract This study describes the coverage of health insurance and compares the occurrence of risk factors (RF) and protective factors of noncommunicable diseases in the population with and without health insurancesin Brazilianstate capitals. Data from the telephone survey Vigitel was analyzed. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR), comparing RF among those who did or did not have a health insurance. Plan coverage was 49.1%, and the highest prevalences were in Goiania, Vitória, Florianópolis, and Belo Horizonte. Adults over 55 years of age and with higher education were more likely to have an insurance. The population with health insurance hada higher prevalence of protective factors, such as fruit and vegetable consumption (PR = 1.3 95% CI 1.2-1.3), physical activity in their free time (PR = 1.2 (95% CI: 1.2-1.3), mammographies (RP = 1.2 IC95% 1.1-1.3) and pap smears (PR = 1.1 IC95% 1.2-1.3), and lower prevalence of RFs such as smoking (RP = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8), poor health (RP = 0.8 CI95% 0.6-0.9), obesity (RP = 0.8 IC95% 0.7-0.9), consumption of meat with fat (RP = 0.9 IC95% 0.8-0.9) and whole milk (RP = 0.9 IC95% 0,8-0.9). Regardless of educational level, the population that has health insurancesgenerally has better indicators, such as healthier habits and greater coverage of preventive exams.