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Cardiometabolic risk factors and hypovitaminosis D in adolescents with overweight from a sunny region in northeast Brazil: a cross-sectional study
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Souza, Angélica Luiza de Sales

; Araújo, Eduarda Pontes dos Santos

; Souza, Thatyane Oliveira

; Pimentel, Jéssica Bastos

; Ferreira, Adriana Leão de Miranda

; Silva, David Franciole de Oliveira

; Evangelista, Karine Cavalcanti Maurício Sena

; Arrais, Ricardo Fernando

; Rezende, Adriana Augusto de

; Lima, Severina Carla Vieira Cunha

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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feb 2022, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 73 - 81

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: obesity can influence vitamin D levels, which in turn might be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Objectives: this study assessed the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with overweight living in a region of northeastern Brazil. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out by non-probabilistic sampling in adolescents diagnosed with overweight or obesity. The subjects were divided according to their 25(OH) D status into two groups: sufficient vitamin D and hypovitaminosis D. Biodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and biochemical factors were evaluated. A logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of hypovitaminosis D. Results: we found a high frequency of hypovitaminosis D (45.6 %) in adolescents. Weekly sun exposure was negatively associated with hypovitaminosis D (OR = 0.96; 95 % CI: 0.92-0.99), while significant positive associations were observed between hypovitaminosis D and blood pressure above the 95th percentile (OR = 4.00; 95 % CI: 1.19-13.37), body weight (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.07), and fasting insulin (OR = 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.22). Conclusion: hypovitaminosis D showed a high prevalence in adolescents with overweight living in a sunny region of northeastern Brazil, and cardiometabolic risk factors such as systemic arterial hypertension, high body weight, and hyperinsulinemia are predictors of hypovitaminosis D.

Resumen Introducción: la obesidad puede influir en los niveles de vitamina D, lo que a su vez podría estar asociado con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivos: este estudio evaluó la asociación entre los niveles de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes con sobrepeso que viven en una región del noreste de Brasil. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal mediante muestreo no probabilístico con adolescentes diagnosticados de sobrepeso u obesidad. Los sujetos se dividieron según su estado de 25(OH) D en dos grupos: suficiente vitamina D e hipovitaminosis D. Se evaluaron factores biodemográficos, de estilo de vida, cardiometabólicos y bioquímicos. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar los predictores de la hipovitaminosis D. Resultados: encontramos una alta frecuencia de hipovitaminosis D (45,6 %) en los adolescentes. La exposición semanal al sol se asoció negativamente a la hipovitaminosis D (OR = 0,96; IC 95 %: 0,92-0,99), mientras que se observaron asociaciones positivas significativas entre hipovitaminosis D y presión arterial por encima del percentil 95 (OR = 4,00; IC 95 %: 1,19-13,37), peso corporal (OR = 1,04; IC del 95 %: 1,01-1,07) e insulina en ayunas (OR = 1,13; IC del 95 %: 1,05-1,22). Conclusión: la hipovitaminosis D mostró una alta prevalencia entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso que viven en una región soleada del noreste de Brasil, y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico, como hipertensión arterial sistémica, peso corporal elevado e hiperinsulinemia, son predictores de hipovitaminosis D.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03745

Clinical, sonographic and anatomopathological aspects of ovarian teratoma in a heifer
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Santos Junior, Marcelo Laurentino dos

; Pequeno, Walter Henrique Cruz

; Oliveira, Alexandra Melo

; Silva, Maria do Carmo Sales da

; Souza, Maria de Fátima de

; Oliveira Filho, Ruy Brayner de

; Silva, Suedney de Lima

; Lucena, Ricardo Barbosa de

; Simões, Sara Vilar Dantas

Ciência Rural

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2022, Volume 52 N. 10 elocation e20210675

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Os teratomas são tumores raros nas espécies domésticas, sobretudo em bovinos. Esses tumores são caracterizados por crescimento rápido e origem durante a vida fetal, o que justifica seu diagnóstico frequente em animais jovens. O presente trabalho relata um caso de teratoma ovariano em uma novilha. No exame físico, os principais sinais identificados foram apatia, distensão e tensão abdominal, rúmen vazio e diarreia pastosa. Durante a palpação retal, uma massa foi identificada na região pélvica. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, a massa era sugestiva de cistos. O animal foi submetido a laparotomia, seguido de eutanásia devido ao mau prognóstico. Na necropsia foi observado um tumor de 54 x 43 x 52 cm (comprimento x largura x espessura) no ovário direito com múltiplas áreas císticas, além de massas associadas à múltiplas aderências das alças intestinais e peritonite. Na histopatologia foram identificados no ovário acometido a presença de tecidos muscular, cartilaginoso, ósseo, nervoso e epitelial, com glândulas, pelos e folículos. Havia inflamação mista e focos de necrose com ausência completa de arquitetura ovariana em ambos os ovários. Infiltrações foram identificadas em linfonodos e vasos mesentéricos. Ductos glandulares foram vistos desde a serosa até mucosa intestinal. Diagnosticou-se um teratoma ovariano localmente infiltrativo e expansivo. Considera-se que este tumor pode induzir distensão abdominal e ausência de estro em novilhas previamente sadias e não gestantes.

ABSTRACT: Teratomas rarely occur in domestic species, especially in cattle. These tumors originate in fetal life and are characterized by rapid growth, which justifies their frequent detection in young animals. This study reported a case of ovarian teratoma in a heifer. On physical examination, the main signs identified were apathy, abdominal distention and tension, empty rumen, and mushy diarrhea. During rectal palpation, a mass was identified in the pelvic region, which was suggestive of cysts on ultrasound examination. The animal underwent laparotomy, followed by euthanasia due to a poor prognosis. At necropsy, a 54 x 43 x 52 cm (length x width x thickness) tumor was observed in the right ovary with multiple cystic areas, in addition to masses associated with multiple adhesions of the intestinal loops and peritonitis. On histopathology, muscle, cartilage, bone, nervous and epithelial tissue, glands, hair with follicles, were identified in the affected ovary. There was mixed inflammation and foci of necrosis observed with a complete absence of ovarian architecture in both the ovaries. Infiltrations were identified in the lymph nodes and mesenteric vessels. Glandular ducts were seen from the serosa to the intestinal mucosa. A locally infiltrative and expansile ovarian teratoma was diagnosed accordingly. It is considered that this kind of tumor can induce abdominal distension and absence of estrus in previously healthy, non-pregnant heifers.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210675

Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) – Aspectos Clínicos, Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo
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Almeida Junior, Gustavo Luiz Gouvêa de

; Mansur Filho, João

; Albuquerque, Denilson Campos de

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

; Pontes, Álvaro

; Gouvêa, Elias Pimentel

; Martins, Alexandre Bahia Barreiras

; Nunes, Nágela S. V.

; Carestiato, Lilian Vieira

; Petriz, João Luiz Fernandes

; Santos, Armando Márcio Gonçalves

; Bandeira, Bruno Santana

; Abufaiad, Bárbara Elaine de Jesus

; Pacheco, Luciana da Camara

; Oliveira, Maurício Sales de

; Ribeiro Filho, Paulo Eduardo Campana

; Sampaio, Pedro Paulo Nogueres

; Duque, Gustavo Salgado

; Camillis, Luiz Felipe

; Marques, André Casarsa

; Lourenço Jr, Francisco Carlos

; Palazzo, José Ricardo

; Costa, Cláudio Ramos da

; Silva, Bibiana Almeida da

; Zukowski, Cleverson Neves

; Garcia, Romulo Ribeiro

; Zonis, Fernanda de Carvalho

; Paula, Suzana Andressa Morais de

; Ferrari, Carolina Gravano Ferraz

; Rangel, Bruno Soares da Silva

; Ferreira, Roberto Muniz

; Mendes, Bárbara Ferreira da Silva

; Castro, Isabela Ribeiro Carvalho de

; Souza, Leonardo Giglio Gonçalves de

; Araújo, Luiz Henrique dos Santos

; Giani, Alexandre

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2020, Volume 115 N. 2 Pages 207 - 216

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A síndrome de takotsubo (takotsubo) é uma forma de cardiomiopatia adquirida. Dados nacionais sobre essa condição são escassos. O Registro REMUTA é o primeiro a incluir dados multicêntricos dessa condição no nosso país. Objetivo Descrever as características clínicas, prognóstico, tratamento intra-hospitalar e mortalidade hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. Métodos Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, tipo registro. Incluídos pacientes internados com diagnóstico de takotsubo ou que desenvolveram esta condição durante internação por outra causa. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram fator desencadeador, análise dos exames, uso de medicações, complicações e óbito intra-hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, em 12 centros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade média foi de 70,9 ± 14,1 anos e 90,5% eram do sexo feminino; 63% dos casos foram de takotsubo primário e 37% secundário. Troponina I foi positiva em 92,5% dos pacientes e a mediana de BNP foi de 395 (176,5; 1725). Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST esteve presente em 28% dos pacientes. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo teve mediana de 40 (35; 48)%. Observamos taxa de 25,7% de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 17,4% de choque. Suporte circulatório mecânico foi utilizado em 7,7%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,6% e a mortalidade ao final de 1 ano foi de 16,5%. Takotsubo secundário e choque cardiogênico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. Conclusão Os resultados do REMUTA mostram que takotsubo não se trata de patologia benigna como se pensava, especialmente no grupo de takotsubo secundário que acarreta elevada taxa de complicações e de mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

Abstract Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. Methods This is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion The results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190166 1217 downloads

Atualização das Diretrizes em Cardiogeriatria da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia – 2019
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Feitosa Filho, Gilson Soares

; Peixoto, José Maria

; Pinheiro, José Elias Soares

; Afiune Neto, Abrahão

; Albuquerque, Afonso Luiz Tavares de

; Cattani, Álvaro César

; Nussbacher, Amit

; Camarano, Ana Amelia

; Sichinels, Angela Hermínia

; Sousa, Antonio Carlos Sobral

; Alencar Filho, Aristóteles Comte de

; Gravina, Claudia F.

; Sobral Filho, Dario Celestino

; Pitthan, Eduardo

; Costa, Elisa Franco de Assis

; Duarte, Elizabeth da Rosa

; Freitas, Elizabete Viana de

; Moriguchi, Emilio Hideyuki

; Mesquita, Evandro Tinoco

; Fernandes, Fábio

; Fuchs, Felipe Costa

; Feitosa, Gilson Soares

; Pierre, Humberto

; Pereira Filho, Ilnei

; Helber, Izo

; Borges, Jairo Lins

; Garcia, Jéssica Myrian de Amorim

; Souza, José Antonio Gordillo de

; Zanon, José Carlos da Costa

; Alves, Josmar de Castro

; Mohallem, Kalil Lays

; Chaves, Laura Mariana de Siqueira Mendonça

; Moura, Lídia Ana Zytynski

; Silva, Márcia Cristina Amélia da

; Toledo, Maria Alice de Vilhena

; Assunção, Maria Elisa Lucena Sales de Melo

; Wajngarten, Mauricio

; Gonçalves, Mauro José Oliveira

; Lopes, Neuza Helena Moreira

; Rodrigues, Nezilour Lobato

; Toscano, Paulo Roberto Pereira

; Rousseff, Pedro

; Maia, Ricardo Antonio Rosado

; Franken, Roberto Alexandre

; Miranda, Roberto Dischinger

; Gamarski, Roberto

; Rosa, Ronaldo Fernandes

; Santos, Silvio Carlos de Moraes

; Galera, Siulmara Cristina

; Grespan, Stela Maris da Silva

; Silva, Teresa Cristina Rogerio da

; Esteves, William Antonio de Magalhães

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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may 2019, Volume 112 N. 5 Pages 649 - 705

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190086 15622 downloads

Caracterización molecular de bacterias con potencial probiótico aisladas de heces de neonatos humanos
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Paitán, Elizabeth

; Santos, Ricardo

; Sotelo, Alejandrina

; Zúñiga, Doris

; Vílchez, Carlos

Revista Peruana de Biología

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jan 2019, Volume 26 N. 1 Pages 119 - 130

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The aim of this study is to molecularly characterize bacteria with probiotic potential isolated from feces of human neonates. Sixty stool samples from neonates (0-3 days) were evaluated and enriched in Man Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) broth at 37 ° C / 24h. It was selected and subjected to in vitro tests with bile salts, resistance to low pH and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, E. coli ATCC35218, Salmonella enterica and Listeria inocua by agar diffusion assay. The molecular identification was made with PCR-BOX amplifications and the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 48 strains were isolated and all showed resistance to pH 3 and 0.3% bile salts; 3 strains showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC25922, 1 strain against E. coli ATCC35218, 5 strains against L. innocuous and all against S. enterica. Of the 48 strains, two BOX-PCR profiles belonging to the genera of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus were obtained. Nine strains (C52, C61, C71, C112, C162, C192, C20, C35, and C42) presented 100% similarity to L. plantarum ATCC 14917T [ACGZ01000098] and two strains (C15 and C40) 99.93% and 99.80 % similarity, respectively to Enterococcus faecium CGMCC 1.2136T [AJKH01000109]; these strains showed activity in milk with significant differences (p value <0.05) in the kinetics of pH 3. In conclusion, bacteria with probiotic potential were found.

El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar molecularmente bacterias con potencial probiótico aisladas de heces de neonatos humanos. Se evaluó 60 muestras de heces de neonatos (0-3 días) se enriquecieron en caldo Man Rogosa y Sharp (MRS) a 37°C/24h. Se seleccionó y se sometió a pruebas in vitro con sales biliares, resistencia a pH bajo y actividad antimicrobiana frente a Escherichia coli ATCC25922, E. coli ATCC35218, Salmonella enterica y Listeria inocua mediante el ensayo difusión en agar. La identificación molecular se realizó con amplificaciones PCR-BOX y el secuenciamiento del gen 16S rRNA. Se aislaron un total de 48 cepas y todas presentaron resistencia a pH 3 y 0.3% sales biliares; 3 cepas mostraron actividad antimicrobiana frente a E. coli ATCC25922, 1 cepa frente a E. coli ATCC35218, 5 cepas frente a L. inocua y todas frente a Salmonella entérica. De las 48 cepas se obtuvieron dos perfiles BOX-PCR pertenecientes a los géneros de Lactobacillus y Enterococcus. Nueve cepas (C5(2), C6(1), C7(1), C11(2), C16 2, C19(2), C20, C35, y C42) presentaron un 100% de similaridad a Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917T [ACGZ01000098] y dos cepas (C15 y C40) un 99.93% y 99.80% de similaridad, respectivamente a Enterococcus faecium CGMCC 1.2136T [AJKH01000109]; estas cepas mostraron actividad en leche con diferencias significativas (p valor < 0.05) en la cinética de pH 3. En conclusión se encontró bacterias con potencial probiótico.

https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i1.15915

From abortion-inducing medications to Zika Virus Syndrome: 27 years experience of the First Teratogen Information Service in Latin America
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Schüler-Faccini, Lavinia

; Sanseverino, Maria Teresa Vieira

; Abeche, Alberto Mantovani

; Vianna, Fernanda Sales Luiz

; Fraga, Lucas Rosa

; Rocha, Anastacia Guimaraes

; Silva, André Anjos da

; Souza, Paulo Ricardo Assis de

; Hilgert, Artur Hartmann

; Barbosa, Camila Pocharski

; Kauppinem, Caroline Grasso

; Martins, Daniela Fernandes

; Santos, Daniela Silva

; Colpes, Gabriel Henrique

; Ecco, Gabriela

; Silva, Helena Margot Flores Soares da

; Penteado, Louise Piva

; Santos, Tatiane dos

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2019, Volume 42 N. 1 Pages 297 - 304

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In 1990, the first Teratogen Information Service in Brazil (SIAT) was implemented in the Medical Genetics Service at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. SIAT is a free-to-use information service both to health professionals and the general population, especially to women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy. The main objective of this paper is to present the activities of SIAT in its initial years (1990-2006), compared to those in the last decade (2007-2017). In addition we review the scientific contribution of SIAT in the field of human teratogenesis. Since 1990, SIAT received 10,533 calls. Use of medications were the main reason for concern, accounting for 74% of all questions, followed by other chemical exposures (occupational, cosmetics, environmental), and maternal infectious diseases. Among its main contributions to scientific knowledge was the collaboration for the identification of two new human teratogens: misoprostol in the 1990s and Zika virus in 2015/16. In conclusion, SIAT is still evolving, as is the Medical Genetics Service that hosts it. Through its 27 years of existence more than 300 undergraduate and graduate students have rotated at SIAT. Presently, SIAT is expanding the research to experimental teratogenesis and to investigation of molecular mechanisms of teratogens.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0111 1024 downloads

CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm: technical aspects and factors influencing accuracy
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Andrade, Juliano Ribeiro de

; Rocha, Rafael Dahmer

; Falsarella, Priscila Mina

; Rahal Junior, Antonio

; Santos, Ricardo Sales dos

; Franceschini, Juliana Pereira

; Fernando, Hiran Chrishantha

; Garcia, Rodrigo Gobbo

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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aug 2018, Volume 44 N. 4 Pages 307 - 314

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a precisão diagnóstica da biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa, guiada por TC - doravante denominada BAG-TC - de nódulos pulmonares ≤ 2 cm, bem como identificar fatores que influenciam a precisão do procedimento e sua morbidade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado em um único centro, com 170 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a BAG-TC de nódulos pulmonares pequenos (≤ 2 cm) entre janeiro de 2010 e agosto de 2015. Resultados: Do total de biópsias, 156 resultaram em diagnóstico definitivo, com precisão diagnóstica global de 92,3%. Lesões maiores estiveram relacionadas com maior precisão global (OR = 1,30; p = 0,007). A presença de hemorragia parenquimatosa durante o procedimento resultou em menor precisão (OR = 0,13; p = 0,022). Pneumotórax foi a complicação mais comum. Uma distância > 3 cm entre a lesão e a pleura foi identificada como fator de risco de pneumotórax (OR = 16,94), ao passo que a realização de tampão sanguíneo após a biópsia foi um fator de proteção contra o pneumotórax (OR = 0,18). Conclusões: O diagnóstico de nódulos pequenos (< 2 cm) é um desafio do ponto de vista técnico. A BAG-TC é uma excelente ferramenta diagnóstica, cuja precisão é alta.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CT-CNB) of pulmonary nodules ≤ 2 cm, as well as to identify factors influencing the accuracy of the procedure and its morbidity. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study of 170 consecutive patients undergoing CT-CNB of small pulmonary nodules (of ≤ 2 cm) between January of 2010 and August of 2015. Results: A total of 156 CT-CNBs yielded a definitive diagnosis, the overall diagnostic accuracy being 92.3%. Larger lesions were associated with a higher overall accuracy (OR = 1.30; p = 0.007). Parenchymal hemorrhage occurring during the procedure led to lower accuracy rates (OR = 0.13; p = 0.022). Pneumothorax was the most common complication. A pleura-to-lesion distance > 3 cm was identified as a risk factor for pneumothorax (OR = 16.94), whereas performing a blood patch after biopsy was a protective factor for pneumothorax (OR = 0.18). Conclusions: Small nodules (of < 2 cm) represent a technical challenge for diagnosis. CT-CNB is an excellent diagnostic tool, its accuracy being high.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562017000000259 3416 downloads

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in diagnosis of mediastinal lesions
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Santos, Ricardo Sales dos

; Jacomelli, Marcia

; Franceschini, Juliana Pereira

; Suzuki, Iunis

; Costa Jr., Altair da Silva

; Shiang, Christina

; Palomino, Addy Lidvina Mejia

einstein (São Paulo)

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2018, Volume 16 N. 2 elocation eAO4094

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever os resultados da utilização de punção aspirativa por agulha guiada por ultrassom endobrônquico na definição do diagnóstico em casos de lesões mediastinais por diferentes causas. Métodos Estudo transversal retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos à punção aspirativa por agulha guiada por ultrassom endobrônquico em instituição privada, entre junho de 2013 e outubro de 2016. Foram incluídos todos os casos referenciados para coleta de materiais de linfonodos ou massas peritraqueais/peribrônquicas por punção aspirativa por agulha guiada por ultrassom endobrônquico, estudados com tomografia ou PET-CT. Os procedimentos foram realizados por pneumologistas intervencionistas e cirurgiões torácicos com experiência no método. Rapid on-site evaluation da punção aspirativa por agulha fina foi realizada por patologista experiente. A análise do material incluiu citologia dos esfregaços em lâminas e análise citopatológica do emblocado celular. Outras análises específicas (imunocitoquímica, pesquisas e culturas de agentes infecciosos) foram realizadas se necessárias. Resultados Foram incluídos 72 pacientes; destes, 6 foram excluídos por apresentarem lesões endobrônquicas passíveis de biópsia broncoscópica convencional ou lesões intratorácicas não acessíveis a punção aspirativa por agulha guiada por ultrassom endobrônquico. Assim, a média de idade dos 66 pacientes incluídos para análise foi 61,17 anos (±14,67 anos), com predomínio do sexo masculino (64%). A punção aspirativa por agulha guiada por ultrassom endobrônquico foi definitivo para o diagnóstico em 60 casos (91%). Três casos (4,5%) foram inconclusivos. Não houve complicações maiores relacionadas ao procedimento. Conclusão A punção aspirativa por agulha guiada por ultrassom endobrônquico teve elevado rendimento diagnóstico, com mínima morbidade, constituindo excelente opção na abordagem diagnóstica de pacientes com linfadenopatia ou lesões intratorácicas e no estadiamento de neoplasias.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the results of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in making diagnosis of mediastinal injuries associated to different causes. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients submitted to Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration at a private organization, between June 2013 and October 2016. All cases referred for collection of lymph nodes or peritracheal/peribronchial masses by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, and evaluated through tomography or PET-CT were included. Interventional pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons with experience in the method did the procedures. Rapid on-site evaluation of fine needle aspiration was performed by an experienced pathologist. Material analysis included cytological smear and cytopathological analysis of paraffin-embedded cell blocks. Other specific analyses (immunocytochemistry, tests and cultures of infectious agents) were performed whenever necessary. Results We included 72 patients; 6 were excluded for presenting endobronchial lesions in which bronchoscopic biopsy could be performed, or intrathoracic lesions that were not accessible by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. The mean age of 66 patients included for analysis was 61.17 years (±14.67 years), with a predominance of males (64%). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was definitive for diagnosis in 60 cases (91%). Three cases (4.5%) had inconclusive test results. There were no major complications related to the procedure. Conclusion Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration had a high diagnosis yield, with minimal morbidity, being an excellent option for diagnostic approach of patients with lymphadenopathy or intrathoracic lesions, and for neoplasm staging.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4094 3267 downloads

Sheep meat commercialization in the retail market in Brazilian cities
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Firetti, Ricardo

; Alberti, Ana Lúcia Luz

; Zundt, Marilice

; Santos, Aline de Oliveira

; Rego, Fabiola Cristine de Almeida

; Astolphi, José Luis de Lima

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2018, Volume 47 elocation e20160354

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This paper explored the mix market characteristics of sheep meat as a product for sale in different cities in the states of São Paulo and Paraná. For this, 81 products were purchased in 21 outlets sampled in a “non-probabilistic” manner for convenience and then subjected to analysis of yield of meat, bone, and fat. Imported products represented 20% of the total, being marketed in hypermarkets. It was observed that 37% of the total products were obtained in hypermarkets, 31% in supermarkets, 23% in butcher shops, and 8.6% in meat outlets. Almost 9% of the products had not undergone the official slaughter inspection system. The main types of products identified were palettes and legs with bones (33.3 and 24.7%, respectively); however, only 25% were satisfactorily displayed to consumers. The yields obtained in meat and deboned portions were 74% and 59% of the total weight, significantly affecting the average adjusted sales prices of the products, respectively US$13.01/kg sale price; US$17.82/kg deboned; and US$22.52/kg lean meat. The low yield of clean and boned meat observed in the samples can lead to negative experiences of these products by consumers.

https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4720160354 1374 downloads

10.

Analysis of Water Barrier, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Nanocoposites Based on Cassava Starch and Natural Clay or Modified by Anionic Exchange
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Monteiro, Mayra Kerolly Sales

; Oliveira, Victor Rafael Leal de

; Santos, Francisco Klebson Gomes dos

; Leite, Ricardo Henrique de Lima

; Aroucha, Edna Maria Mendes

; Silva, Rayane Ricardo da

; Silva, Karyn Nathallye de Oliveira

Materials Research

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2017, Volume 20 Pages 69 - 76

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Biopolymer films have several industrial applications because they are environmentally sustainable. Cassava starch is a biopolymer that is easily available, but has limitations: it is hydrophilic, poorly resistant and degradable. The improvement of these properties was proposed in this research from the use of bentonite clay (BT) as a filling material. The compatibilization of this in the polymer matrix was obtained by ion exchange with an organic anionic surfactant. The formation of intercalated or exfoliated starch nanocomposites in the presence of natural or modified clay was characterized by XRD, FTIR, AFM and SEM. The improvement of water vapor, thermal and mechanical properties was investigated by WVP, solubility, TGA and tensile test. The starch nanocomposites in the presence of modified clay showed a better result than those of natural clay. There was no significant difference in the color of the starch film in the presence of the natural or modified clay.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-1087 1056 downloads

11.

Água de coco em pó como suplemento hidroeletrolítico e energético para atletas
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Pinto, Antônio Carlos Lopes

; Vieira, Mauro Regis

; Lima, Danilo Lopes Ferreira

; Alves, Francisco de Assis Francelino

; Santos, Ricardo Lima dos

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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oct 2015, Volume 21 N. 5 Pages 390 - 394

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Introdução: O uso de bebidas esportivas vem sendo adotado em diversas modalidades com o intuito de propiciar hidratação adequada durante atividades físicas. A água do coco verde vem sendo usada como repositor de eletrólitos devido à sua composição físico-química rica em sais minerais. Objetivo: Avaliar uma bebida esportiva à base de água de coco em pó (ACP ) a partir de um blend de ACP com polpa de maracujá (Passiflora edulis S.) voltada ao mercado de alimentos funcionais, com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho de atletas amadores e profissionais em relação a um produto repositor eletrolítico já estabelecido no mercado (Gatorade sabor maracujá). Métodos: O experimento obedeceu a um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3 (2 gêneros x 2 tipos de bebidas x 3 dias da semana), comparando o desempe-nho de dois grupos de atletas, sendo cinco atletas do sexo masculino e cinco atletas do sexo feminino, em relação à eficácia de dois suplementos hidroeletrolíticos (ACP com 20% de polpa de maracujá e Gatorade sabor maracujá) em diferentes dias da semana (segunda-feira, quarta-feira e sexta-feira). Resultados: ACP com polpa de maracujá apresentou resultados semelhantes ao Gatorade sabor maracujá em relação à os-molaridade plasmática do sangue dos atletas, os quais não apresentaram nenhuma perda de desempenho e tiveram maior conforto gástrico ao se hidratarem com ACP com polpa de maracujá. Conclusão: As respostas fisiológicas mostram a eficiência de ACP com polpa de maracujá como um repositor de eletrólitos seme-lhante ao do produto Gatorade sabor maracujá, podendo assim ACP com polpa de maracujá também ser utilizada como uma bebida esportiva.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of sports drinks has been adopted in various forms in order to provide adequate hydration during physical activities. Green coconut water has been used as electrolyte replenishing due to its physicochemical composition, which is rich in minerals. Objective: To evaluate a sports drink based on powdered coconut water (ACP ) as from a blend of ACP with passion fruit pulp (Passiflora edulis S.), focused on the functional food market, aiming at improving the performance of amateur and professional athletes compared with an electrolytic replenishing already established in the market (passion fruit flavored Gatorade ). Methods: The experiment followed a completely rando-mized design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3 (2 genders x 2 drink types x 3 times a week) comparing the performance of two groups of athletes, five male athletes and five female athletes, as to the effectiveness of two hydroelectrolytic supplements (ACP with 20% passion fruit pulp and passion fruit flavored Gatorade ) on different days of the week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday). Results: ACP with passion fruit pulp showed results similar to the passion fruit flavored Gatorade in relation to blood plasma osmolarity of athletes, who experienced no loss of performance and more gastric comfort when hydrated with ACP with passion fruit pulp. Conclusion: The physiological responses show the efficiency of ACP with passion fruit pulp as a replenishing of electrolytes similar to Gatorade passion fruit flavored, the ACP with passion fruit pulp being, therefore, also appropriate to be used as a sports drink.

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de bebidas deportivas viene siendo adoptado en diversas modalidades con el objetivo de propiciar hidratación adecuada durante actividades físicas. El agua de coco verde viene siendo usada como repositor de electrolitos debido a su composición físico-química rica en sales minerales. Objetivo: Evaluar una bebida deportiva a base de agua de coco en polvo (ACP ) a partir de un blend de ACP con pulpa de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis S.) dirigida al mercado de alimentos funcionales, con el objetivo de mejorar el desempeño de atletas amateurs y profesionales en relación a un producto repositor electrolítico ya establecido en el mercado (Gatorade sabor maracuyá). Métodos: El experimento obedeció a una delineación totalmente casualizada en esquema factorial 2 x 2 x 3 (2 géneros x 2 tipos de bebidas x 3 días de la semana), comparando el desempeño de dos grupos de atletas, siendo cinco atletas del sexo masculino y cinco atletas del sexo femenino, en relación a la eficacia de dos suplementos hidroelectrolíticos (ACP(r) con 20% de pulpa de maracuyá y Gatorade sabor maracuyá) en diferentes días de la semana (lunes, miércoles y viernes). Resultados: ACP(r) con pulpa de maracuyá presentó resultados semejantes al Gatorade sabor maracuyá en relación a la osmolaridad plasmática de la sangre de los atletas, los que no presentaron ninguna pérdida de desempeño y tuvieron mayor comodidad gástrica al hidratarse con ACP con pulpa de maracuyá. Conclusión: Las respuestas fisiológicas muestran la eficiencia de ACP con pulpa de maracuyá como un repositor de electrolitos semejante al del producto Gatorade sabor maracuyá, pudiendo así ACP con pulpa de maracuyá también ser utilizada como una bebida deportiva.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220152105141533 7061 downloads

12.

Desempenho e características da carcaça de novilhos submetidos à suplementação na seca
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Domingues, Miguel Sales

; Lupatini, Gelci Carlos

; Andrighetto, Cristiana

; Araújo, Laura Costa Alves de

; Cardassi, Marianna Rosa

; Polli, Daniel

; Medeiros, Saulo Flaviano

; Fonseca, Ricardo da

; Santos, Juliana Aparecida Alves dos

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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dec 2014, Volume 15 N. 4 Pages 1052 - 1060

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de duas estratégias de suplementação no período seco sobre o desempenho e características da carcaça de novilhos terminados em capim-marandu. Foram utilizados 36 bovinos Nelore, machos, castrados, com peso inicial de 417 ± 10,7kg e idade média de 20 meses. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e dezoito repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de sal mineral proteinado (SMP) fornecido ad libitum e da suplementação com concentrado (SC) com 0,5% do peso corporal (PC). Após abate, as carcaças foram pesadas, identificadas e resfriadas por 24 horas. Foram medidos rendimento de carcaça, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, pH e escore de marmorização. Os animais da SC apresentaram maior (P=0,00007) ganho de peso médio diário (0,562kg) e espessura de gordura subcutânea ajustada para 100kg de carcaça (1,7mm) em relação aos animais do SMP (0,395kg; 1,3mm), respectivamente, mas não diferiram (P>0,01) em relação ao peso de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça, área de olho de lombo, pH e marmorização. Conclui-se que a suplementação com concentrado durante o período seco proporciona maior ganho de peso médio diário e espessura de gordura subcutânea ajustada para 100kg de carcaça, antecipando a idade de abate e a utilização de sal mineral proteinado com massa de forragem adequada pode ser uma alternativa de suplementação devido menor exigência de estrutura, controle de consumo, menor mão-de-obra e maior facilidade no fornecimento.

The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of two supplementation strategies in the dry season on performance and carcass traits of steers finished on marandu grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and eighteen repetitions per treatment. The treatments consisted of ad libitum protein mineral salt (PMS) and supplementation with concentrate (SC) with 0.5% of body weight. It was used 36 Nelore steers with initial weight of 417kg and 20 months of age. After slaughter, carcasses were weighted, identified and cooled for 24 hours. Carcass yield, ribeye, fat thickness, pH and marbling score were measured. The animals supplemented with concentrate had higher (P<0.01) average daily weight gain (0.562kg) and higher fat thickness adjusted to 100kg carcass than animals supplemented with protein mineral salt (0.395kg), but did not differed (P>0.01) in relation to carcass weight, carcass yield, ribeye, pH and marbling. The results show that the supplementation with concentrate accelerates gains, allowing early and better condition of slaughter and the use of protein mineral salt with adequate forage mass may be an alternative supplementation because less need for structure, control consumption, lower labor and greater ease in supply.

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13.

Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in Brazil: a study protocol
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Santos, Ricardo Sales dos

; Franceschini, Juliana

; Kay, Fernando Uliana

; Chate, Rodrigo Caruso

; Costa Júnior, Altair da Silva

; Oliveira, Fernando Nunes Galvão de

; Trajano, André Luiz Cavalcante

; Pereira, José Rodrigues

; Succi, Jose Ernesto

; Saad Junior, Roberto

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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apr 2014, Volume 40 N. 2 Pages 196 - 199

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132014000200016 6830 downloads

14.

Participação das atividades de saúde na economia brasileira: informações da Conta de Saúde de 2000 a 2007
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Santos, Maria Angelica Borges dos

; Moraes, Ricardo Montes de

; Holguin, Tássia Gazé

; Palis, Rebeca de La Rocque

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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feb 2012, Volume 31 N. 2 Pages 153 - 160

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Descrever a participação das atividades de saúde na economia brasileira entre 2000 e 2007 em termos de valor adicionado e geração de postos de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados secundários do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística para os anos de 2000 a 2007. Foram analisadas as seguintes atividades: saúde pública, produção de serviços de saúde e serviços sociais privados, planos de saúde, indústria farmacêutica, indústria de equipamentos médicos e comércio de produtos farmacêuticos. Foi calculada a participação de cada atividade no total da economia e no setor saúde, a participação percentual dos componentes do valor adicionado na ótica da renda para as atividades de saúde e o crescimento real do valor adicionado por atividade de saúde. Para complementar as análises, foram levantados os rendimentos médios do trabalho e o número de postos de trabalho por atividade. RESULTADOS: A participação do setor saúde na economia variou de 5,2 a 5,8%. Cresceu a participação da saúde pública (de 1,7 para 2,0%) e caiu a dos serviços de saúde privados (de 2,4 para 2,2%). O crescimento médio anual do setor (3,5%) foi próximo ao da economia (3,4%). A participação do comércio de produtos farmacêuticos no setor aumentou de 9,1 para 13,2%. As atividades com maior crescimento acumulado foram: fabricação de aparelhos médico-hospitalares (42,7%), saúde pública (39,4%) e planos e seguros de saúde (35,8%). A saúde representou 4,1% dos postos de trabalho da economia em 2000 e 4,4% em 2007, com 1 milhão de novos postos. Os rendimentos do trabalho representaram 6,7% do total da economia em 2000 e 7,5% em 2007. CONCLUSÕES: O setor saúde tem uma participação importante na economia brasileira, embora essa participação ainda seja inferior àquela observada em países de alta renda. O aumento da participação dos serviços públicos no valor adicionado setorial, o crescimento das margens de comercialização dos produtos farmacêuticos e o crescimento real inferior à média setorial da indústria farmacêutica devem ser monitorados.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the share of health care activities in the Brazilian economy between 2000 and 2007 in terms of economic value added and creation of jobs. METHODS: Secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the years 2000 to 2007 were employed. The following health care activities were analyzed: public health, production of private health services and private social services, health insurance, the pharmaceutical industry, medical equipment manufacturing, and medical and pharmaceutical product sales. The share of each activity in the total economy and in the health care sector was calculated, as well as the percentage share of value-added components from the perspective of income for health care activities and the real growth in value added by health care activity. To complement the analysis, the average income of workers and the number of jobs per activity were established. RESULTS>: The participation of the health care sector in the economy ranged from 5.2% to 5.8%. The share of public health increased from 1.7% to 2.0%, and that of private healthcare services fell from 2.4% to 2.2%. The average annual growth of 3.5% for the sector was close to the 3.4% annual growth recorded for the economy. The share of medical and pharmaceutical product commerce in the sector increased from 9.1% to 13.2%. The activities with the highest accumulated growth were: manufacture of medical/hospital devices (42.7%), public health (39.4%), and health insurance (35.8%). Health care represented 4.1% of jobs in the economy in 2000 vs. 4.4% in 2007, with 1 million new jobs. Income from labor represented 6.7% of the total economy in 2000 and 7.5% in 2007. CONCLUSIONS: The health care sector has an important stake in the Brazilian economy, although this share is still lower than that observed in high-income countries. The rising share of public services in the sector’s added value, the relative growth of medical and pharmaceutical product sales margins, and a real growth below the average for the pharmaceutical industry should be monitored.

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15.

Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas em crianças e adolescentes com leucemia aguda: experiência de duas instituições Brasileiras
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Morando, Juliane

; Mauad, Marcos Augusto

; Fortier, Sérgio Costa

; Piazera, Flavia Zattar

; Souza, Mair Pedro de

; Oliveira, Claudia

; Machado, Clarisse

; Matos, Ederson

; Azevedo, Wellington Moraes

; Ribeiro, Lisandro Lima

; Nunes, Elenaide Coutinho

; Bitencourt, Marco Antonio

; Setúbal, Daniela Cariranha

; Funke, Vaneuza Moreira

; Oliveira, Michel Michels de

; Medeiros, Larissa Alessandra

; Nabhan, Samir Kanaan

; Loth, Gisele

; Sola, Caroline Bonamim Santos

; Koliski, Adriana

; Pasquini, Ricardo

; Zanis Neto, José

; Colturato, Vergilio Antonio Rensi

; Bonfim, Carmem Maria Sales

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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2010, Volume 32 N. 5 Pages 350 - 357

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TCTH) é o tratamento de escolha para leucemias agudas de alto risco. Apesar da melhora na sobrevida destes pacientes, a recidiva continua sendo a maior causa de óbito pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os resultados dos transplantes realizados em crianças com leucemia aguda em duas instituições brasileiras. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de 208 pacientes transplantados entre 1990-2007. Mediana de idade: 9 anos; 119 pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) e 89 com leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA). Doença precoce: CR1 e CR2. Doença avançada: >CR3, doença refratária ou recidivada. Noventa pacientes vivos entre 258-6.068 dias (M:1.438), com sobrevida global (SG) de 45% (3 anos) e a sobrevida livre de recaída (SLR) 39% (três anos). 14/195 pacientes tiveram falha primária de pega (8%). Não houve diferença na sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída entre pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda e leucemia mieloide aguda, entre transplantes aparentados e não aparentados, tampouco entre as fontes de células utilizadas. O desenvolvimento da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH) aguda ou crônica também não influenciou a sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída. Pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda condicionados com irradiação corporal total (TBI) apresentaram melhor sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída (p<0,001). Cento e dezoito pacientes morreram entre 1-1.654 dias pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (M:160). Mortalidade relacionada a transplante (MRT) (dia+100): 16%. Incidência cumulativa de recaída: 40% (3 anos). Pacientes com doença avançada tiveram menor sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída (três anos)(p<0,001). Na análise multivariada, o status da doença foi o principal fator associado ao aumento da sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída. Nossos resultados mostram que é possível se atingir uma boa sobrevida para pacientes com doença precoce e também mostram a baixa eficácia naqueles com doença avançada.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for patients with high-risk leukemia. In spite of this, relapse remains a major cause of death of these patients. Our objective was to analyze the outcomes of patients with acute leukemia submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in two Brazilian institutions. A retrospective study of 208 patients transplanted between 1990 and 2007 with a median age of 9 years (range: 1-18 years) was made. One hundred and nineteen patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 89 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Early disease was considered for CR1 and CR2 cases and advanced disease >CR3 and refractory and relapse disease. Ninety patients are alive between 258 and 6068 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (M: 1438 days). The overall survival (OS) was 45% (3 years) and event free survival (EFS) was 39% (3 years). Primary graft failure occurred in 14/195 patients (8%). There were no differences in the overall survival and event free survival between patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, between sources of cells used or between those who developed acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). When comparing transplants from related and unrelated donors, there was no difference in the overall survival. Patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving the total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning regimen had better overall survival and event free survival (p<0.001). One hundred and eighteen patients died between 0 and 1654 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (M: 160 days). Transplantation-related-mortality (TRM) at D+100 was 16% and cumulative incidence of relapse was 40% (3 years). Patients with advanced disease had lower 3-year overall survival and event free survival (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that disease status was the most significant factor associated with higher event free survival and overall survival . Our results show that children and adolescents transplanted with early disease can achieve considerable overall survival and also highlights the inefficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with advanced disease.

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See below the complete list of search indexes that can be used:

Index code	Element
ti	article title
au	author
kw	article keywords
subject	subject (title words, abstract and keywords)
ab	abstract
ta	journal short title (e.g. Cad. Saúde Pública)
journal_title	journal full title (e.g. Cadernos de Saúde Pública)
la	publication language code (e.g. pt - Portuguese, es - Spanish)
type	document type
pid	publication identifier
publication_year	publication year of publication
sponsor	sponsor
aff_country	country code of the author's affiliation
aff_institution	author affiliation institution
volume	article volume
issue	article issue
elocation	elocation
doi	DOI number
issn	journal ISSN
in	SciELO colection code (e.g. scl - Brasil, col - Colômbia)
use_license	article usage license code

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