ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the feasibility of abdominal liftfor laparoscopic adrenalectomy and compared it with the conventional laparoscopic technique using pneumoperitoneum with medicinal CO2 in dog cadavers. The total surgical time (TST), adrenalectomy time (AT), and gland integrity after removal were evaluated. Thirty-eight adrenalectomies were performed in 19 cadavers. Regardless of the antimere, the TST was significantly lower in the CO2 procedures than in the lift laparoscopy procedures (P=0.001). When comparing the techniques between antimeres, the TST was significantly higher on the left side with lift laparoscopy than with CO2 (P=0.015) and similar between the techniques on the right side of the animals (P=0.086). In the comparison of AT, regardless of the execution side, no differences were observed between the techniques (P=0.05). The same was observed when AT was evaluated separately using antimeres (P=0.902). Of the 38 adrenals evaluated, 92.1% were removed in a single block, and 32.29% had a superficial lesion in the capsule. There was no difference between the groups in the removal capacity in a single block (P=0.340) and capsule integrity (P=0.287). Abdominal lift for laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a feasible technique in dog cadavers; however, it requires a longer surgical time than the conventional technique. The traction force used to elevate the abdominal wall must be evaluated.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a exequibilidade da adrenalectomia laparoscópica utilizando dispositivo de elevação da parede abdominal via liftlaparoscopy e comparar com a técnica laparoscópica convencional utilizando pneumoperitônio com CO2 medicinal em cadáveres de cães. Para isso, avaliou-se tempo cirúrgico total (TCT), tempo de adrenalectomia (TA) e integridade das glândulas após remoção. Foram realizadas 38 adrenalectomias em 19 cadáveres. Independentemente do antímero, o TCT foi significativamente menor nos procedimentos com CO2 do que com liftlaparoscopy (P=0,001). Na comparação das técnicas entre antímeros, o TCT foi significativamente maior no lado esquerdo com liftlaparoscopy do que com CO2 (P = 0,015) e semelhante entre as técnicas no lado direito dos animais (P=0,086). Já na comparação do TA, independente do lado de execução, não foram observadas diferenças entre os métodos (P=0,05). O mesmo foi observado quando o TA foi avaliado separadamente por antímero (P=0,902). Das 38 adrenais avaliadas, 92,1% foram removidas em um único bloco e destas, 32,29% apresentaram lesão superficial na cápsula. Não houve diferença entre grupos para capacidade de remoção em um único bloco (P=0,340) e da integridade da cápsula (P=0,287). A adrenalectomia laparoscópica por elevação da parede abdominal é factível de ser realizada em cadáveres de cães, entretanto, demanda maior tempo cirúrgico quando comparada à técnica convencional. Além disso, a força de tração empregada para elevar a parede abdominal necessita ser avaliada.

Abstract Background Decreased walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease is often a clinical problem and limits the quality of life and daily activities of these subjects. physical exercise is important in this scenario, as it improves both the daily walking distance and the ability to withstand intermittent claudication related to the limitations of the peripheral disease. Objectives Our aim was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training (aerobic training and aerobic training combined with resistance exercises) on pain-free walking distance (PFWD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample composed of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods Twenty patients with claudication symptoms were randomized to either aerobic control (AC) N= 9, or combined training (CT) N= 8, (24 sixty-minute sessions, twice a week). The total walking distance until onset of pain due to claudication was assessed using the 6-minute walk test and HRQoL was measured using the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire (general and specific domains) at baseline and after training. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the differences between groups for the PFWD and HRQoL domains, testing the main group and time effects and their respective interaction effects. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Seventeen patients (mean age 63±9 years; 53% male) completed the study. Both groups experienced improvement in claudication, as reflected by a significant increase in PFWD: AC, 149 m to 299 m (P<0.001); CT, 156 m to 253 m (P<0.001). HRQoL domains also improved similarly in both groups (physical capacity, psychological aspects, and self-reported quality of life; P=0.001, P=0.003, and P=0.011 respectively). Conclusions Both aerobic and combined training similarly improved PFWD and HRQoL in PAD patients. There are no advantages in adding strength training to conventional aerobic training. This study does not support the conclusion that combined training is a good strategy for these patients when compared with classic training.

Resumo Contexto A diminuição da capacidade de marcha em pacientes com doença arterial periférica é frequentemente um problema clínico e limita a qualidade de vida e as atividades diárias desses indivíduos. O exercício físico é importante nesse cenário, pois melhora tanto a distância caminhada diária quanto a capacidade de suportar a claudicação intermitente relacionada às limitações da doença periférica. Objetivos Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbico (TA) e do treinamento aeróbico combinado com exercícios de resistência (TC) na distância percorrida livre de dor (DPLD) e na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). Métodos Vinte pacientes com sintomas de claudicação foram randomizados para TA ou TC. Os treinamentos foram realizados em 24 sessões, duas vezes por semana. A DPLD foi avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, e a QVRS foi medida pelo instrumento da avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF), no início e após o treinamento. Para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos para DPLD e os domínios da QVRS, foi utilizado o modelo de equações de estimativa generalizada, testando os efeitos principais do grupo e tempo, bem como os respectivos efeitos de interação. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Dezessete pacientes (idade média: 63±9 anos; 53% do sexo masculino) completaram o estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na claudicação, refletida por um aumento significativo na DPLD: grupo controle aeróbico - de 149 m para 299 m (P < 0,001); grupo de treinamento combinado - de 156 m para 253 m (P < 0,001). Os domínios da QVRS também melhoraram de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos (capacidade física, aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida autorreferida; P = 0,001, P = 0,003 e P = 0,011, respectivamente). Conclusões Ambos os treinamentos melhoraram de forma semelhante a DPLD e a QVRS em pacientes com DAP. Não há vantagens em associar o treinamento de força ao treinamento aeróbico convencional. O estudo não permite concluir que o TC é uma boa estratégia para esses pacientes quando comparado ao treinamento clássico.

Abstract To compare the effectiveness of intra-articular (IA) methylprednisolone-acetate and triamcinolone acetonide in the management of naturally occurring hip osteoarthritis, 20 dogs were divided into two groups according to the drug injected per joint: GT (20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide) and GMPA (40 mg methyl-prednisolone). Animals were treated at T0 (treatment day), and further evaluations were conducted at T1 (15 days after treatment), T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 (one, two, three, four, five, and six months after treatment respectively). Response to treatment was measured using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory and Hudson Visual Analogue Scale, p < 0.05. Treatment was successful in reducing the pain severity score in two animals of GT at T1 (20 %), three at T2-T3 (37.5 %), and two at T4-T7 (28.6 %). For GMPA, treatment was successful in two animals at T1 (20 %), four at T2 (40 %), three at T3 (30 %), and two at T4-T5 (20 %). When considering pain interference score, treatment was successful in two animals in both GT and GMPA from T1-T7. No significant differences were observed when comparing each moment with T0 or between groups. Intra-articular TA and MPA injection may be a treatment option for some patients, as some benefited from IA with TA and MPA.

Resumo O conforto térmico ambiental proporciona uma maior eficiência na exploração da pecuária leiteira, pois as respostas do animal ao ambiente são determinantes no sucesso da atividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estresse térmico em vacas leiteiras no município de Humaitá, localizado no sul do estado do Amazonas (AM), Brasil. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura do ar (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (UR) para cálculo do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) na estação seca (agosto de 2020) e na estação chuvosa (janeiro de 2021). Para o mês de agosto os dados foram coletados na estação meteorológica automática pertencente ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Em janeiro os dados foram coletados com o Termo-higrômetro (Hobo®, modelo U23-001) instalado na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida. As médias horárias e mensais dos dados foram feitas e, posteriormente, plotados gráficos boxplots. Os dados coletados para os meses do estudo apresentaram a TAe UR para o mês de agosto 0,65ºC e 0,64% abaixo da Normal Climatológica Provisória (NCP), respectivamente. Por outro lado, janeiro apresentou 0,77ºC e 3,61% acima da NCP, respectivamente. Os ITUs variaram entre 56,25 (confortável) e 84,68 (emergência), em agosto e de 74,15 (confortável) a 84,07 (emergência) em janeiro. O máximo ITU foi observado em agosto, bem como a maior amplitude. Baseados nos resultados encontrados pode-se aferir que o estresse térmico em vacas leiteiras no município de Humaitá-AM apresenta estado de alerta, mesmo para animais de raças cruzadas. Assim, sugere-se o uso de sombreamento nas pastagens para minimizar o efeito do estresse térmico no desempenho produtivo destes animais.

Abstract Environmental thermal comfort provides higher efficiency in the exploitation of dairy farming, as the responses of animals to the environment are decisive in the activity’s success. This study aimed to evaluate heat stress in dairy cows in the municipality of Humaitá, located in the south of theAmazonas State (AM), Brazil.Air temperature (TA) and relative humidity (RH) data were used to calculate the temperature humidity index (THI) in the dry (August 2020) and rainy seasons (January 2021). The August data were collected at the automatic weather station belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology. The January data were collected by a Hobo® U23-001 thermo-hygrometer installed at Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida. The hourly and monthly means of the data were calculated and, subsequently, boxplots were plotted. TA and RH were 0.65 °C and 0.64% below the provisional climatological normal (PCN), respectively, for August, while January presented 0.77 °C and 3.61% above the PCN, respectively. THI values ranged from 56.25 (comfortable) to 84.68 (emergency) in August and 74.15 (comfortable) to 84.07 (emergency) in January. The maximum THI was observed in August, as well as the largest range. The results allow inferring that heat stress in dairy cows in the municipality of Humaitá-AM presents a state of alert even for cross-breed animals. Thus, the use of shading in pastures is suggested to minimize the effect of heat stress on the productive performance of the animals.

RESUMEN El umbú (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) es un árbol frutal adaptado a la región semiárida brasileña y constituye una fuente de ingresos importante para muchas familias en Brasil. Debido a esto, se deben estudiar métodos sostenibles de conservación de la fruta después de la cosecha. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la biopelícula de almidón de yuca para la conservación poscosecha del umbú. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar en un arreglo factorial 2x5 con seis repeticiones. Los dos tratamientos, recubrimiento de almidón de yuca al 1% y sin recubrimiento, se evaluaron durante cinco períodos (0, 3, 6, 9 y 12 d de almacenamiento). Se midieron la pérdida de peso fresco (PPF), la firmeza de la fruta (FIR), el pH, los sólidos solubles totales (SST), la acidez total titulable (AT), la relación SST/AT, el color: la luminosidad (L*), el ángulo de tonalidad (T*) y la cromaticidad (C*). El recubrimiento de los frutos con la biopelícula a base de almidón de yuca mejoró el PPF, el pH y los SST. La AT, la relación SST/AT y la L* no fueron influenciadas por el uso o ausencia del recubrimiento. El uso de almidón de yuca al 1% asegura una mejor calidad poscosecha del umbú y prolonga su vida poscosecha.

ABSTRACT The umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) is a fruit tree adapted to the Brazilian semiarid region and constitutes an important source of income for many families in Brazil. Due to this, sustainable methods of fruit postharvest conservation should be studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of cassava starch-based biofilm coatings for the postharvest conservation of umbu. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial arrangement with six replicates. The two treatments, 1% cassava starch coating and no coating, were evaluated during five periods (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage). Fresh weight loss (WL), fruit firmness (FIR), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TA), TSS/ TA ratio, external color: luminosity (L*), hue angle (H*), and chromaticity (C*) were measured. The coating of fruits with cassava starch-based biofilm improved WL, pH, and TSS. The variables TA, TSS/TA ratio, and L* were not influenced by the use or absence of the cassava starch biofilm coating. The use of 1% cassava starch to coat the fruits ensures better postharvest quality of the umbu and extends its postharvest life.

Resumo Fundamento A ablação da taquicardia atrial (TA) com local de ativação mais precoce próxima ao feixe de His é um desafio, devido ao risco de bloqueio de AV completo por sua proximidade ao sistema de His-Purkinje (SHP). Uma alternativa para minimizar esse risco é posicionar o cateter na cúspide não coronária (CNC), que é anatomicamente contígua à região para-Hissiana. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão de literatura e avaliar as características eletrofisiológicas, a segurança e o índice de sucesso de aplicação de radiofrequência (RF) por cateter na CNC para o tratamento de TA para-Hissiana em uma série de casos. Métodos Avaliamos retrospectivamente dez pacientes (Idade: 36±10 anos) que foram encaminhados para ablação de taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (TPSV) e haviam sido diagnosticados com TA focal para-Hissiana confirmada por manobras eletrofisiológicas clássicas. Para a análise estatística, um P valor d <0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A ativação atrial mais precoce na posição His foi de 28±12ms da onda P, e a CNC foi 3±2ms antes da posição His, sem evidência de potencial His em todos os pacientes. Foi aplicada RF à CNC (cateter de ponta de 4-mm; 30W, 55°C) e a taquicardia foi interrompida em 5±3s sem aumento no intervalo PR ou evidência de um ritmo juncional. Os testes eletrofisiológicos não induziram novamente a taquicardia em 9/10 pacientes. Não houve complicações em nenhum procedimento. Durante o período de acompanhamento de 30 ± 12 meses, nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência de taquicardia. Conclusão O tratamento percutâneo de TA para-Hissiana por meio de CNC é uma estratégia segura e eficiente, tornando-se uma opção interessante para o tratamento de arritmia complexa. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):119-126)

Abstract Background Atrial tachycardia (AT) ablation with earliest activation site close to the His-Bundle is a challenge due to the risk of complete AV block by its proximity to His-Purkinje system (HPS). An alternative to minimize this risk is to position the catheter on the non-coronary cusp (NCC), which is anatomically contiguous to the para-Hisian region. Objectives The aim of this study was to perform a literature review and evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics, safety, and success rate of catheter-based radiofrequency (RF) delivery in the NCC for the treatment of para-Hisian AT in a case series. Methods This study performed a retrospective evaluation of ten patients (Age: 36±10 y-o) who had been referred for SVT ablation and presented a diagnosis of para-Hisian focal AT confirmed by classical electrophysiological maneuvers. For statistical analysis, a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The earliest atrial activation at the His position was 28±12ms from the P wave and at the NCC was 3±2ms earlier than His position, without evidence of His potential in all patients. RF was applied on the NCC (4-mm-tip catheter; 30W, 55ºC), and the tachycardia was interrupted in 5±3s with no increase in the PR interval or evidence of junctional rhythm. Electrophysiological tests did not reinduce tachycardia in 9/10 of patients. There were no complications in all procedures. During the 30 ± 12 months follow-up, no patient presented tachycardia recurrence. Conclusion The percutaneous treatment of para-Hisian AT through the NCC is an effective and safe strategy, which represents an interesting option for the treatment of this complex arrhythmia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):119-126)

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to report the tolerability, safety and efficacy of a topical triamcinolone acetonide-loaded liposomes formulation (TA-LF) to prevent clinically significant macular edema (CSME) after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Methods: Fifty-five eyes of 32 patients who underwent FLACS were enrolled. Twenty-seven eyes were assigned to the TA group whereas twenty-eight eyes were assigned to the TA-LF group. In the TA group, eyes were exposed to a conventional topical formulation of triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% for 21 days postoperatively, whereas patients in the TA-LF group received a liposomal formulation containing 2 mg/ml of TA (0.2%). A follow-up consisting on slit-lamp examination, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, central foveal thickness (CFT) and total macular volume (TMV) (both measured by retinal optical coherence tomography) was performed. Study visits were scheduled at 1 day, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results: The incidence of CSME in the TA group at 6 weeks was 22.2%, in contrast, the incidence of these finding in the TA-LF group was 0%. A conventional steroid formulation (TA 0.1%) was associated with an increased risk of CSME (OR, 9.44; 95% CI, 1.76 - 50.66; p = 0.027). Finally, no ocular or systemic adverse events were reported in any group. Conclusion: TA-loaded liposomal formulation is effective for the prevention of CSME associated with FLACS, and it seems that its therapeutic activity could be superior to the activity of a conventional topical steroid formulation.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es informar la tolerabilidad, la seguridad y la eficacia de una nueva formulación de liposomas de uso tópico cargados con acetónido de triamcinolona (FL-AT), útil en la prevención del edema macular clínicamente significativo (EMCS) que ocurre después de la cirugía de catarata asistida con láser de femtosegundo (FLACS). Métodos: Se estudiaron 55 ojos de 32 pacientes a los que se realizó FLACS. Se asignaron 27 ojos al grupo de acetónido de triamcinolona (AT), mientras que 28 ojos fueron asignados al grupo de FL-AT. En el grupo de AT, los ojos se expusieron a una formulación tópica convencional de AT al 0.1% durante 21 días tras la cirugía, mientras que los pacientes en el grupo FL-AT recibieron una formulación liposomal que contenía 2 mg/ml de AT (0.2%). Se realizó un seguimiento clínico que comprendió: examen con lámpara de hendidura, agudeza visual, sensibilidad al contraste, grosor foveal central y volumen macular total. Las visitas del estudio se programaron los días 1 y 6 y al final de la semana 12 del periodo postoperatorio. Resultados: La incidencia de EMCS en el grupo de AT a las 6 semanas fue del 22.2%, en contraste con el grupo de FL-AT, en el cual fue de 0%. La formulación de esteroides convencionales (AT al 0.1%) se asoció con un mayor riesgo de EMCS (OR: 9.44; IC del 95%: 1.76-50.66; p = 0.027). Finalmente, no se reportaron eventos adversos oculares ni sistémicos en ningún grupo. Conclusión: La FL-AT es eficaz para la prevención del EMCS asociado con FLACS, y parece que su actividad terapéutica es superior a la actividad de la formulación de esteroides tópicos convencionales.

RESUMO Avaliou-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), matéria mineral (MM), carboidratos solúveis (CHOS), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), de silagens de cana-de-açúcar adicionadas de diferentes níveis de inclusão (NI) de farelo de crambe (FC), nas proporções de 0; 3; 10; 17 e 20%, e avaliados em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (TA), em dias. Utilizou-se silos laboratoriais, abertos nos tempos 0; 3; 7; 12; 24; 36; 41 e 60 dias após a ensilagem. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se a metodologia de superfície de resposta, em que os fatores independentes foram os NI e os TA, e os fatores dependentes foram as variáveis respostas. Os teores de MS e de PB aumentaram linearmente com os NI, mas não apresentaram respostas significativas quanto aos TA. Os teores de CHOS reduziram linearmente com os NI e apresentaram resposta quadrática com os TA. Houve efeito significativo da interação entre NI e TA para os teores de N-NH3, pois os teores reduziram com os NI e TA, de forma conjunta. Os teores de FDN e FDA reduziram linearmente com os NI, e apresentaram resposta quadrática com os TA. O FC apresentou eficácia para melhorar o processo fermentativo da cana ensilada, com adição e conservação de nutrientes, em todos os NI avaliados e ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. O FC é uma alternativa viável para a ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, além de destinar os resíduos gerados com a produção de biodiesel de forma sustentável.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), soluble carbohydrates (CHOS), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in sugarcane silages to which different levels of inclusion (LI) of crambe bran (CB) were added in proportions of 0, 3, 10, 17 and 20% at different storage times (ST). Laboratory silos were used, predetermined ST being 0, 3, 7, 12, 24, 36, 41, and 60 days after silage. For statistical analysis, the response surface methodology was used, in which LI and ST served as independent factors and response variables as dependent factors. The levels of DM and CP increased linearly with NI; however, it did not show any significant response regarding ST. The CHOS contents were reduced linearly with NI and displayed a quadratic response with ST. The interaction between NI and ST for the levels of N-NH3 was significant, as the levels reduced with the NI and ST. The levels of NDF and ADF reduced linearly with NI and displayed a quadratic response with ST. The CB showed high efficacy to improve fermentation of ensiled cane, with the addition and conservation of nutrients in all NI evaluated and over the storage time. In addition to the residues generated with the production of biodiesel in a sustainable way, CB is a viable alternative to the sugarcane silage.

Abstract Background: Severe infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) have been identified in adults and may cause toxic shock syndrome, although with a low frequency. Case report: A preschool-age female patient, who started with an upper respiratory tract infection developing a gradual deterioration in the following three days, is described. She was admitted to the hospital in severe conditions, with tachypnea, tachycardia (200/min), hypotension (blood pressure 68/40 mmHg), capillary refill of 7 s, and erythematous maculopapular rash in thorax, abdomen and lower extremities. She received intensive management with an inadequate response. Furthermore, she developed multiple organ failure and died 8 h after admission. The blood culture was positive for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Conclusions: SDSE is a rare pathogen in children. In Mexico, cases of SDSE have not been reported probably due to an inaccurate identification. Mexican pediatricians should be alert to this situation.

Resumen Introducción: En adultos, se han identificado infecciones graves por Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE), que pueden causar el síndrome de choque tóxico causado por SDSE, aunque es de baja frecuencia. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino en edad preescolar. Comenzó con una infección del tracto respiratorio superior, y desarrolló un deterioro gradual en los siguientes tres días. Ingresó en el hospital en condiciones graves, con taquipnea, taquicardia (200/min), hipotensión (tensión arterial, TA 68/40 mmHg), llenado capilar de 7 s y erupción maculopapular eritematosa en el tórax, abdomen y extremidades inferiores. Recibió manejo intensivo, sin una buena respuesta. Posteriormente, desarrolló datos de falla orgánica múltiple y murió 8 h después de su ingreso. El hemocultivo fue positivo para S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Conclusiones: El SDSE es un patógeno raro en los niños. En México, no se han reportado casos de SDSE probablemente debido a una identificación errónea. Los pediatras mexicanos deben estar atentos a esta situación.

ABSTRACT For a long time, it has been said that eggshell quality decreases as eggs increase in size, but this increase is seen as the breeder age advances. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the age and egg weight effect on Cobb 500 broiler breeders on eggshell quality. The quality measures tested were eggshell and mineral matter percentage, eggshell surface, shape and eggshell index, eggshell and membrane thickness and specific gravity. Eggs from 27, 31, 36, 40, 46, 48, 53, 58 and 63 week-old breeders were classified as eggs with a constant weight ranging from 63.8 ± 0.2; and eggs with increasing weight, according to age, being: 55.8g; 60g; 62.2g; 64.2g; 65.2g, 66.6g, 68.1g, 69.9g and 72.5g, respectively. The eggs weight did not influence the eggshell percentage and the specific gravity in seven of the nine tested ages, while for mineral matter in six of the nine studied ages. The shape and shell index, shell and membrane thickness are characteristics independent of egg weight. As the Cobb 500 broiler breeder age advanced, the mineral matter concentration and specific gravity maintained constant, the membrane thickness (R2>70) reduced, and other studied variables were influenced in the same way for both treatments. Thus, the eggshell quality decrease with the advancing age cannot be attributed solely to the increase of egg weight with consequent increase in the eggshell volume and the surface, but there are also age-related factors.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi planejar, implementar e avaliar um serviço de consultoria colaborativa a distância em Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), para uma dupla de professoras. O estudo desenvolvido na abordagem qualitativa foi do tipo estudo de caso. Participaram também três consultoras da área de TA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de atividades realizadas em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem e de questionários. Inicialmente, foi identificada a demanda por conhecimentos de TA das professoras. Em seguida, as professoras escolheram um caso de um estudante com paralisia cerebral para receber um suporte das consultoras. Por fim, ocorreu a avaliação do serviço. Os dados foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram ser possível identificar as demandas das professoras em relação a TA, bem como planejar e implementar ações de consultoria colaborativa a distância. A contribuição desta investigação consiste em indicar mais uma possibilidade de serviço de apoio à escola.

Abstract The aim of this research was to plan, implement, and evaluate a distance collaborative consulting service in Assistive Technology (AT) for two teachers at the multifunctional resource room. This was a qualitative approach case-study, Three AT consultants also participated in the study in addition to the teachers. Data was collected by means of activities organized in the virtual learning environment and questionnaires. Initially, the data identified a demand for the teachers’ knowledge about AT. Next, the teachers chose a case of a student with cerebral palsy to receive support from the consultants. Finally, there was the evaluation of the service. The data were analyzed using a content analysis technique. The findings indicated that it is possible to identify the demands of the teachers regarding the use of AT at a distance, as well as to plan and implement collaborative consulting efforts. The contribution of this research is to indicate an alternative possibility for school support.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating beak-trimming methods and intensities on the performance, beak length and uniformity, and egg parameters of commercial layers. During the rearing period, birds were distributed in randomized blocks, with a 2x3 factorial design + two treatments, consisting of beak trimming with infrared (IR) radiation (moderate or severe); three IR intensities (low: 42 nm, intermediate: 46 nm, or high: 52 nm); and two control hot blade (HB) beak trimming treatments (moderate or severe) with eight treatments and five replicates of 21 chicks each, totaling 840 birds. During the growing phase (second experiment) the factorial design was modified to 2 x 3 x 2 + 4, comprising two IR beak-trimming intensities (moderate or severe); three IR radiation intensities (low, moderate and high), second beak trimming at 11 weeks of age or not, and four additional HB beak-trimming treatments (moderate or severe) beak-trimming intensities, and second beak trimming at 11 weeks of age or not. There were 16 treatments with six replicates of seven birds each, totaling 672 laying hens, out of which 576 were selected for evaluation during the production period, with the same number of treatments and replicates of the previous phase. Weight gain (g), body weight (g), body weight uniformity (%), beak length (mm) and uniformity (%), absence of cannibalism (%), livability (%), egg production (%), feed intake (g), feed conversion per eggmass, eggmass, specific gravity, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, % yolk were evaluated. Beak trimming by infra-red radiation may be employed in commercial laying hens.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o consumo de formulações emagrecedoras e sua possível associação com o risco de transtornos alimentares (TAs) em universitários de cursos de saúde de diversos níveis socioeconômicos. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado com 276 universitários matriculados em quatro cursos da área da saúde. Para a obtenção dos dados, utilizaram-se três instrumentos autoaplicáveis: o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), o Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) e, para investigar o consumo de formulações emagrecedoras, um questionário elaborado pela própria equipe de pesquisa. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Vinte e um universitários apresentaram risco de TA pela escala EAT-26, correspondente a 7,6% dos pesquisados. A frequência do uso de formulações emagrecedoras foi de 7,2%. Houve associação significativa (p < 0,001) entre o uso de formulações emagrecedoras e a presença de risco para TA (33,3%), com percentual muito elevado quando comparado ao percentual de entrevistados sem risco de TA que estavam em uso de medicamentos (5,1%). Conclusões O consumo de formulações emagrecedoras esteve associado tanto à presença de risco para TA, nas escalas EAT-26 e BITE, quanto aos níveis socioeconômicos, principalmente para a classe de renda C.

ABSTRACT Objective to evaluate the consumption of weight loss formulations and their possible association with risk of eating disorders (ED) in university students of health courses of different socioeconomic levels. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out with 276 university students enrolled in four health courses. To obtain the data, three self-applied instruments were used: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) and to investigate the consumption of weight-loss formulations a questionnaire prepared by the research team was used. For the data analysis, the chi-square test was applied, adopting the level of significance of 5%. Results Twenty-one university students presented a risk of ED by the EAT-26 scale, corresponding to 7.6% of the respondents. The frequency of use of weight loss formulations was 7.2%. There was a significant association (p < 0.001) between the use of weight loss formulations and the presence of risk for ED (33.3%), with a very high percentage when compared to the percentage of non-ED respondents who were using medication (5.1%). Conclusions The consumption of dietary formulations was associated with both the presence of risk for ED, on the EAT-26 and BITE scales, and on socioeconomic levels, especially for income class C.

Abstract: Introduction: Different countries have shown an inverse relationship between unemployment rates (UR) and indicators of sickness absence during periods of economic recession. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between indicators of sickness absence and unemployment in Spain during 2009-2015. Methods: We obtained incidence and absenteeism rates of non-work related sickness absence (NWSA) from Social Security data, and UR from the National Institute of Statistics. The relationship between indicators of NWSA and UR in the period 2009 to 2015 was graphically described using time trend plots. Scatter plots of NWSA indicators were also made against UR. Finally, we fitted linear regression models. Results: Incidence (IR) and absenteeism rates (AR) of NWSA showed downward trends in 2009-2013 (IR 2009 = 28.07%, IR 2013 = 20.41%; AR 2009 = 2.53% and AR 2013 = 1.86%), changing to an upward trend up to 2015 (IR 2015=22.52%, AR 2015=2.12%). Unemployment rates trended upward in 2009-2013 (UR 2009 = 17.86%, UR 2013 = 26.10%), and then changed to a downward trend through 2015 (UR 2015=22.06%). There was an inverse relationship between UR and NWSA indicators. Conclusions: As in previous international studies, we found an inverse relationship between unemployment rates and indicators of sickness absence in Spain. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate explanatory hypotheses, such as those associated with the effects of discipline, selection and/or changes in the workforce.

Resumen: Introducción: Estudios realizados en varios países presentan una relación inversa entre las tasas de desempleo (TD) y los indicadores de absentismo por incapacidad temporal (IT) durante periodos de crisis económica. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre indicadores de absentismo y el desempleo en España (2009-2015). Métodos: Se obtuvieron tasas de incidencia (TI) y absentismo (TA) por IT de origen común (ITcc) a partir de datos de la Seguridad Social, así como las TD según datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Se describió gráficamente la evolución temporal de los indicadores de ITcc y el desempleo en el periodo 2009-2015. Para explorar dicha relación también se realizaron gráficos de dispersión de los indicadores frente a las TD. Posteriormente, se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineal simple. Resultados: Las TI y TA descienden en 2009-2013 (TI 2009=28,07%, TI 2013=20,41%, TA 2009= 2,53%, TA 2013=1,86%) momento en que cambia su tendencia, iniciando una fase ascendente hasta 2015 (TI 2015=22,52%, TA 2015=2,12%). La TD asciende en 2009-2013 (TD 2009=17,86%, TD 2013=26,10%), pasando a descender hasta 2015 (TD 2015=22,06%). Las TD y los indicadores de absentismo presentan una relación lineal inversa . Conclusiones: Se observó una relación inversa entre el desempleo y los indicadores de absentismo en España. Son necesarios estudios específicos para poder evaluar hipótesis explicativas como las asociadas a los efectos de disciplina, selección y/o cambios en la fuerza de trabajo.

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido objetivando avaliar o efeito da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva sobre a qualidade dos frutos em cultivares de maxixeiro. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições, sendo quatro cultivares de maxixe (Cucumis anguria) (‘Do Norte’, ‘163’, ‘Liso de Calcutá’ e ‘Liso Gibão’) fertirrigadas com soluções nutritivas apresentando diferentes condutividades elétricas (1,4; 1,9; 2,4 e 2,9 dS m-1). Os frutos foram analisados quanto as seguintes características: sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH, condutividade elétrica do suco (CEsuco), acidez titulável (AT) e razão SST/AT. Com exceção do pH, as demais características de qualidade do fruto foram afetadas pelo cultivo do maxixeiro nas diferentes soluções nutritivas e de forma diferente para cada cultivar. Os frutos da cultivar ‘163’ apresentam menor SST, pH, CEsuco para a condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva (Cesn) de 1,4 dS m-1 e relação SST/AT, mas apresentou maior AT e CEsuco para CEsn acima de 1,4 dS m-1). Considerando a relação SST/AT, as cultivares ‘Do Norte’ e ‘Liso de Calcutá’ apresentaram, de forma geral, melhor qualidade para consumo in natura. Frutos com maior razão SST/AT, foram obtidas para todas as cultivares em solução nutritiva com maior condutividade elétrica.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution on fruit quality in gherkin cultivars. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial design, with three replicates, four cultivars (Do Norte, 163, Liso de Calcutá e Liso Gibão) with four concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution with different electrical conductivities (1.4, 1.9, 2.4 and 2.9 dS/m). The fruits were harvested at commercial maturity, immature with intense green color and analyzed the following characteristics: soluble solids, pH, electrical conductivity of the juice (CEsuco), titratable acidity and SS/TA ratio. With the exception of pH, the other quality characteristics of the fruit were affected by the cultivation of the gherkin in the different nutrient solutions and of different form for each cultivar. The fruits of cultivar 163 showed lower SS, pH, CEsuco for CEsn of 1.4 dS/m and SS/AT ratio, but presented higher TA and CEsuco for CEsn above 1.4 dS/m). Considering the SS/TA ratio, the cultivars Do Norte and Liso Gibão presented, in general, better quality for in natura consumption. The fruits with better quality, higher SS/TA ratio, were obtained for all cultivars in nutrient solution with higher electrical conductivity.