Herein, the applicability and performance of 22MnB5 steel sheets as protective masks over hot forging dies has been analyzed. Two masks were obtained following two different approaches; by heat treatment of flat sheets in cooling conditions similar to the process of hot stamping and hot stamping on the axial geometry of a cylindrical part. In both processes the sheets were austenitized at 1100° C for 7 min and to obtain bainite microstructure, they were maintained at temperatures higher than 700°C. The flat and axial masks have been subjected to 100 forging cycles for each geometry and positioned on the lower surface of hot forging dies. Surface integrity has been analyzed from microhardness profiles, roughness tests, thickness measurements, optical and electron microscopy. Wear mechanisms have been observed in both masks which was more expressive in the axial mask. Abrasive wear and plastic deformation have been actively observed in both masks; however, they have shown firmness for application as masks.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of the air circulation speed and the final moisture content of pine lumber after kiln drying by using geostatistics. Two kilns acting on boards of 27 mm and 42 mm were evaluated. Air circulation speed and final moisture content were collected in different regions of the kilns. There was no significant difference for air circulation speed and final moisture content between the front and rear regions of the equipment. In the horizontal axis (Y-axis), air circulation speed averages did not differ statistically in both situations, but higher values for this variable were obtained from the spaces between the piles. Final moisture content tended to increase when closer to the door opening. In the vertical axis (Z-axis), the lower part tended to reach higher air circulation speed values. Thus, the spatial behavior influences the air circulation speed and final moisture content during lumber drying. Besides, the variograms presented the same tendency in comparison to the data obtained in a conventional manner, which indicates that geostatistics can be used to represent variables in kilns during the drying process.

RESUMO Neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência do raio da ferramenta, do incremento vertical e da velocidade de avanço na estampagem incremental de alumínio AA1100-H14 com espessura inicial 0,5 mm. Foram realizados dezoito experimentos para conformação de formatos de hiperboloide até que ocorresse a fratura do material. Todos experimentos foram realizados por meio de um braço robótico, que conduziu a ferramenta por uma trajetória pré-determinada. Após a realização dos experimentos foram gerados gráficos de superfície de resposta e foi conduzida análise de regressão múltipla, a fim de determinar uma equação para estimar a máxima deformação no processo em função dos parâmetros selecionados. Foi verificado que a maior estampabilidade no processo é obtida pela associação dos menores valores do raio da ferramenta, do incremento vertical e da velocidade de avanço. Sendo que o raio da ferramenta foi o parâmetro que apresentou maior influência na estampabilidade.

ABSTRACT In this work it was evaluated the influence of the tool radius, step-down and feed rate in the incremental sheet forming of aluminum AA1100-H14 with initial thickness 0.5 mm. Eighteen experiments were performed to form hyperboloid shapes until the material fractured. All experiments were performed using a robotic arm, which guided the tool along a predetermined path. After conducting the experiments, response surface graphics were generated and multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to determine an equation to estimate the maximum strain in the process as a function of the selected parameters. It was found that the highest formability in the process is obtained by the association of the lowest values of the tool radius, step-down and feed rate. The tool radius was the parameter that had the greatest influence on the formability.

Knowing the importance of predicting acting forces during the formation process, our research has conducted 27 Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) experiments in hyperboloid format, followed by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and regression equations were determined to estimate the maximum axial force in the process. ANOVA analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of material parameters in the maximum axial force response. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to estimate the maximum axial force in the SPIF process. After the experiments, we were able to identify that the maximum axial force increases according to an increase in tool radius, sheet initial thickness, and strength coefficient values, as well as according to the decrease in the strain-hardening exponent. The FEM simulations are in agreement with the experimental values found, and the linear regression model has proven to be efficient to describe results, with R2 of 98.85% and a maximum percentage error of 11.5%.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la aleación de Fe-1%Si obtenida del Moldeo por Inyección de Polvo (MPI), que puede ser utilizada en el núcleo de dispositivos electromagnéticos-mecánicos como motores, generadores, transformadores, relés, altavoces y micrófonos, entre otros. El estudio comprendió la obtención (preparación de carga, inyección, extracción química y térmica y sinterización), análisis de propiedades físicas de interés, como propiedades magnéticas, resistividad eléctrica, dureza y análisis micrográfico a partir de metalografía en microscopio óptico y SEM (microscopía de escaneo electrónico). Los resultados se compararon con la misma aleación Fe-1%Si obtenida de los procesos de Metalurgia convencional, es decir, compactación y sinterización.

Abstract This study aimed to study the Fe-1%Si alloy obtained from Powder Injection Molding (MPI), which can be used in the core of electromagnetic-mechanical devices such as motors, generators, transformers, relays, speakers and microphones, among others. The study comprised obtaining (load preparation, injection, chemical and thermal extraction, and sintering), analysis of physical properties of interest, such as magnetic properties, electrical resistivity, hardness and micrographic analysis from metallography in an optical microscope and SEM (Microscope) Scanning Electronic. The results were compared to the same Fe-1%Si alloy obtained from the processes of conventional Metallurgy that is, compaction and sintering.

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da liga Fe-1%Si obtido a partir da Moldagem de Pós por Injeção (MPI), possível de ser utilizado em núcleo de dispositivos eletromagneto-mecânicos como motores, geradores, transformadores, relés, alto falantes e microfones, entre outros. O estudo compreendeu a obtenção (preparação da carga, injeção, extração química e térmica, e sinterização), análise de propriedades físicas de interesse, como propriedades magnéticas, resistividade elétrica, dureza e análise micrográfica a partir de metalografia em microscópio ótico e MEV (Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura). Os resultados foram comparados a mesma liga de Fe-1%Si obtido a partir dos processos da Metalurgia convencional: compactação e sinterização.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the wettability characteristics applied to the surface of heat-treated pure titanium grade 2. Titanium is widely used for applications in implants produced by incremental sheet forming (ISF), where the 3D model resulting from tomography was used to produce the part. Since the ISF process creates residual stresses in the sheet, heat treatments were applied to relieve them. Also analyzed were roughness, researching what the literature recommends to enable surface wettability. Tests were conducted to assess geometric discrepancy using 3D scanning. The results obtained prove the efficacy of the experiment in assessing wettability as a characteristic of bioactivity, which is necessary for applications involving the human body. In addition, geometric discrepancy analysis enables the prosthesis to be used with the best esthetic and functional comfort possible.

Considering the Brazilian reality, it is pertinent to deepen studies on the models of Palliative Care and End of Life. The objective is to present an overview of the role of the social worker in the field of Palliative Care and to introduce elements for the debate on the relevance of establishing specific guidelines for competent and critical action in a complex, sensitive, and under construction area. The investigation was based on qualitative research with an analytical focus supported by bibliographical and documentary studies. Palliative Care is collaborative in nature and requires a set of related knowledge, skills, and attitudes associated with teamwork. It demonstrates the necessary delimitation of general guidelines for action for the Social Worker in line with the current Performance Parameters of Social Work in Health Policy. It is concluded that it is relevant to establish skills for the different levels of palliative care aligned with the prerogatives, attributions and professional competences placed in the collective project of the Brazilian Social Services.

Considerando-se a realidade brasileira, torna-se primordial o aprofundamento de estudos sobre os modelos de cuidados paliativos e de fim de vida. Objetiva-se apresentar um panorama geral do papel do assistente social no campo dos cuidados paliativos e introduzir elementos para o debate sobre o estabelecimento de orientações específicas para a atuação competente e crítica em uma área complexa, sensível e em construção. A investigação ancorou-se na pesquisa qualitativa, com enfoque analítico crítico e apoio nos estudos bibliográfico e documental. Os cuidados paliativos têm natureza colaborativa e requerem um conjunto de conhecimentos relacionados, habilidades e atitudes associadas ao trabalho em equipe. Demonstra-se o necessário delineamento de orientações gerais de atuação para o assistente social, em consonância com os atuais Parâmetros para Atuação dos Assistentes Sociais na Política de Saúde. Conclui-se que é pertinente o estabelecimento de competências para os diferentes níveis de atenção paliativa, alinhadas às prerrogativas, atribuições e competências profissionais postas no projeto coletivo do serviço social brasileiro.

Abstract Research on the concept of entrepreneurial universities has dedicated significant attention to understand how academic ecosystems shape the propensity of its members to establish new ventures. In this article we look at a prior step of the entrepreneurial event, i.e., how universities’ dynamics and initiatives related to entrepreneurship affect the proclivity of faculty to engage in entrepreneurship support. We propose and validate a conceptual model that directly relates the university ecosystem with faculty engagement, having entrepreneurial experience of faculty as a moderator and analyzing differences between public and private institutions. Data comprises information from 680 faculty members of over 70 higher education institutions from all regions of Brazil. Analyses were performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modeling. Results point to a strong positive relation between developed university ecosystems and the engagement of faculty with entrepreneurial activities, especially for individuals with stronger entrepreneurial experience. No differences were found between private and public institutions. From a practical standpoint, it is possible to identify more effective, innovative, and systematic ways to implement intrapreneurial practices in universities.

ABSTRACT Friction between the interface workpiece and tooling has considerable importance in sheet metal forming operations; an accurate description of the friction is necessary to analyze and design new workpieces and tooling. This work suggests a methodology to determine and evaluate the mean coefficient of friction (COF) using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through Dynaform for the aluminum alloy AA1100. The results indicate that this methodology is consistent with reality. It is also observed that the software tends to diverge from the measured results because the software considers the COF to be constant along the process. Despite this trend, the greatest distance between the maximum drawing force given by the measurement and the numeric simulation was not high: it was approximately 6%. Workpiece strain measurements were collected to compare with the numerical simulation results, and it was observed that they are generally in agreement.

ABSTRACT Friction between the interface workpiece and tooling has considerable importance in sheet metal forming operations; an accurate description of the friction is necessary to analyze and design new workpieces and tooling. This work suggests a methodology to determine and evaluate the mean coefficient of friction (COF) using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through Dynaform for the aluminum alloy AA1100. The results indicate that this methodology is consistent with reality. It is also observed that the software tends to diverge from the measured results because the software considers the COF to be constant along the process. Despite this trend, the greatest distance between the maximum drawing force given by the measurement and the numeric simulation was not high: it was approximately 6%. Workpiece strain measurements were collected to compare with the numerical simulation results, and it was observed that they are generally in agreement.

There are 6 different types of equations that have been formulated to measure friction through the bending under tension test, however, there is no work to show whether these calculations actually represent what is happening in a sheet metal stamping process. This paper aims to make a direct comparison between the bending under tension test and the sheet metal forming of a test piece to see if the friction coefficient reported by the test is able to predict friction in a real part. Several sources of information were used such as computer simulations, bending under tension test with different sensors and sheet metal forming tests of a cylindrical geometry to evaluate the friction. The results indicate that the equations already developed are not able to accurately predict the friction at the sheet interface and, therefore, a new equation was developed for this that is simpler to measure and presented satisfactory results.

Abstract High-growth entrepreneurship represents a key socioeconomic phenomenon that is expected to spur aggregate levels of innovation and competitiveness. Since its impacts are mainly felt at the regional level, the concept of Regional Systems of Entrepreneurship becomes central to this debate. While several approaches have dealt with this issue in the context of developed economies, assessments of developing nations are still scarce. This research addresses this situation by investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial activity in Brazilian states. Econometric estimations and cluster analysis comprehend data from gazelle firms in Brazilian states throughout the period 2008-2014. Findings allow identifying the existence of relevant agglomeration diseconomies and an overall lack of connection between the knowledge infrastructure and entrepreneurial activity. These conditions suggest that Brazil has incipient Regional Systems of Entrepreneurship and that the geographic dynamics of entrepreneurial activity in this country is remarkably different from what has been observed in developed countries in general.

Resumen Los emprendimientos de alto crecimiento representan un fenómeno socioeconómico clave asociado al estímulo de niveles agregados de innovación y competitividad. Dado que sus impactos se sienten principalmente a nivel regional, el concepto de Sistemas Regionales de Emprendimiento se convierte en marco analítico fundamental para este debate. Si bien varios enfoques han abordado este tema en el contexto de países desarrollados, las evaluaciones de los países en desarrollo siguen siendo escasas. Esta investigación aborda esta situación a través de un análisis de los determinantes de la actividad empresarial en los estados brasileños. Las estimaciones econométricas y el análisis de conglomerados comprenden los datos de las empresas gacela en los estados brasileños durante el período 2008-2014. Los hallazgos permiten identificar la existencia de deseconomías de aglomeración relevantes y una falta general de conexión entre la infraestructura de conocimiento y la actividad empresarial. Estas condiciones sugieren que Brasil tiene incipientes sistemas regionales de emprendimiento y que la dinámica geográfica de la actividad empresarial en este país es notablemente diferente de lo que se ha observado en los países desarrollados en general.

Abstract The manufacturing of the gear profile by Metal Forming is widely used in industry due to its quality and production capability. Direct cold extrusion has this characteristic and with support of peripheral technologies allows the development of asymmetric parts with complex geometry and near net shape. These resources, added with the great experience of a Brazilian forging company with strong presence in the cold forging market, allowed to develop a cold extrusion process to produce spur gears using the low carbon steel alloy described as SAE 10B22. The goal of this study was to develop the whole process, precision tooling project and manufacture as well as the experimental availability of the process. The tools were manufactured with high speed steel AISI M2 having a hardness in a range from 61 up to 63 HRc. The shrink rings were manufactured using steels with more toughness, such as S1 and H13. The application of shrink rings for the prestressing of tooling was evaluated using two different methods. The first one is using conventional shrink rings with tool steel, while the second is the stripwinding concept developed by the company STRECON.

Abstract Expressive writing (EW) can be an effective way to alter maladaptive emotional reactions to stressful life events, although little is known about how pre-adolescents may benefit from it. In this quasi-experimental study, we compared measures of depression, anger, forgiveness, positive and negative affect in pre-adolescents before and after EW in both an experimental group undergoing the EW paradigm and a control group (N=138). No significant effects between control and experimental groups were found for the considered variables, except for positive and negative affect. We suggest potential reasons accounting for these results. Given that the theorised mechanisms involved in the EW paradigm include executive functioning abilities, it is possible that preadolescents may not be able to benefit from it, due to not fully developed executive functioning skills. Our results provide useful information in order to better design future studies and prevention/intervention programmes to be implemented with preadolescents.

Resumen La Escritura Expresiva (EE) puede ser una forma efectiva de alterar reacciones emocionales maladaptativas a eventos estresantes de la vida, aunque se sabe poco sobre cómo los pre-adolescentes pueden beneficiarse de ella. En este estudio cuasi-experimental, comparamos medidas de depresión, ira, perdón, afecto positivo y negativo en pre-adolescentes antes y después de EE en un grupo experimental sometido al paradigma de EE y en un grupo de control (N=138). No se encontraron efectos significativos entre los grupos control y experimental para las variables consideradas, excepto para los afectos positivos y negativos. Sugerimos posibles razones para explicar estos resultados. Dado que los mecanismos teóricos implicados en el paradigma de la EE incluyen las capacidades de funcionamiento ejecutivo, es posible que los preadolescentes no puedan beneficiarse de ella, debido a las habilidades de funcionamiento ejecutivo no totalmente desarrolladas. Nuestros resultados proporcionan información útil para un mejor diseño de futuros estudios y programas de prevención / intervención a implementar con preadolescentes.

Resumo A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) visa analisar a viabilidade ambiental de empreendimentos, mas exibe problemas que comprometem sua qualidade, como a visão fragmentada, tecnocrática e positivista com que os estudos são realizados. O aprimoramento das AIAs pode beneficiar-se da abordagem ecossistêmica, quando leva em conta os processos e serviços ecossistêmicos afetados. O presente trabalho aplicou essa abordagem ao projeto de expansão do Porto de São Sebastião (São Paulo, Brasil), cuja AIA foi questionada judicialmente, utilizando análise documental e discussão por especialistas. Diferentemente do reportado na AIA, a análise dos processos oceanográficos evidenciou impactos diretos e indiretos nos serviços e benefícios ecossistêmicos, de grande magnitude e/ou irreversíveis. Essa análise permitiu o aprofundamento da compreensão dos efeitos do projeto de expansão do porto nos componentes e processos ambientais (hidrodinâmica, dinâmica sedimentar e biodiversidade) e também no bem-estar humano, evidenciando os benefícios do uso da abordagem ecossistêmica aplicada.

Abstract The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) aims to analyze the environmental viability of projects, but exhibits problems that compromise its quality, such as the fragmented, technocratic and positivist vision. The prediction of environmental impacts can be improved using the ecosystem approach, considering the processes and the ecosystem services affected. The present work applied this approach in the expansion project of the Port of São Sebastião (São Paulo, Brazil), in which the EIA was judicially questioned, based on documental analysis and discussion by specialists. Unlike foreseen in the EIA, the analysis of oceanographic processes showed direct and indirect impacts on ecosystem services and benefits, irreversible and/or of great magnitude. The analysis also allowed an improvement to the comprehension not only on the effects on the environmental components and processes (hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics and biodiversity), but also on human well-being, evidencing the benefits of applying the ecosystem approach in the EIA.

Abstract La Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) busca analizar la viabilidad ambiental de emprendimientos económicos, no obstante muestra problemas que comprometen su calidad, como su visión fragmentada, tecnocrática y positivista. El mejoramiento de las EIAs se puede beneficiar del enfoque ecosistémico, al considerar los procesos y servicios ecosistémicos afectados. El presente trabajo aplicó este enfoque en el proyecto de expansión del Puerto de São Sebastião (São Paulo, Brasil), cuya EIA fue cuestionada judicialmente, utilizando análisis documental y discusión por especialistas. A diferencia de los señalado por la EIA, el análisis de los procesos oceanográficos evidenció impactos directos e indirectos en los servicios y beneficios ecosistémicos, de gran magnitud y/o irreversibles. Este análisis permitió una mejor comprensión de los efectos del proyecto de expansión del puerto en componentes y procesos ambientales (hidrodinámica, dinámica de sedimentos y biodiversidad) y en el bienestar humano, colocando en evidencia los beneficios del uso del enfoque ecosistémico.