Pesticides have been pointed out as hormone disruptors and may significantly affect the prognosis of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on systemic cortisol levels in female rural workers diagnosed with BC. Occupational exposure was assessed by interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Plasma samples (112 from pesticide-exposed women and 77 from unexposed women) were collected in the afternoon, outside the physiological cortisol peak, and analyzed by a chemiluminescent paramagnetic immunoassay for the quantitative determination of cortisol levels in serum and plasma. The results from both groups were categorized according to patients' clinicopathological and exposure data. BC pesticide-exposed women presented higher levels of cortisol than the unexposed. Higher cortisol levels were also detected in the exposed group with more aggressive disease (triple-negative BC), with tumors over 2 cm, with lymph node metastases, and with high risk of disease recurrence and death. These findings demonstrated that there is an association between pesticide exposure and BC that affected cortisol levels and correlated to poor disease prognosis.

Abstract Objective Breast cancer (BC) biomarkers, such as hormone receptors expression, are crucial to guide therapy in BC patients. Antiandrogens have been studied in BC; however, limited data are available on androgen receptor (AR) expression test methodology. We aim to report the core needle biopsy (CNB) accuracy for AR expression in BC. Methods Patients diagnosed with stage I-III invasive BC from a single institution were included. Androgen receptor expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using 1 and 10% cutoff and the AR expression in surgical specimens (SS) was the gold standard. Kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the intraprocedural agreement. Results A total of 72 patients were included, with a mean age of 61 years old and 84% were Luminal A or B tumors. The prevalence of AR expression in all BC samples was 87.5% using a cutoff ≥ 10% in SS. With a cutoff value ≥ 1%, CNB had an accuracy of 95.8% (Kappa value = 0.645; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.272–1.000; p< 0.001) and 86.1% (Kappa value = 0.365; 95% CI: 0.052–0.679; p< 0.001) when ≥ 10% cutoff was used for AR positivity. Androgen receptor expression in CNB (cutoff ≥ 1%) had a sensitivity of 98.5%, specificity of 60%, positive predictive value of 97.0%, and a negative predictive value of 76.9% in the detection of AR expression in SS. Conclusion Core needle biopsy has good accuracy in evaluating AR expression in BC. The accuracy of CNB decreases with higher cutoff values for AR positivity.

Resumo Objetivo Biomarcadores, como a expressão de receptores hormonais, são cruciais para guiar a terapia de pacientes com câncer de mama. Apesar de ter sido estudado, poucos dados estão disponíveis sobre o método de testagem. Buscamos avaliar a precisão da biópsia com agulha de grande calibre (CNB, na sigla em inglês) para a expressão de receptores androgênicos (AR, na sigla em inglês) no câncer de mama. Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes de uma única instituição diagnosticados com câncer de mama invasivo estágio I-III. A expressão de AR foi avaliada por imunohistoquímica, com valores de cutoff de 1 e 10%. A expressão de AR em espécimes cirúrgicos foi o padrão ouro. O coeficiente Kappa foi usado para avaliar a concordância entre procedimentos. Resultados Foi incluído um total de 72 pacientes, com idade média de 61 anos; 84% eram tumores luminais A ou B. A prevalência da expressão de AR em todas as amostras foi de 87.5%, com cutoff ≥ 10%. Com um valor de cutoff ≥ 1%, a CNB teve precisão de 95.8% (Kappa = 0.64; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 0.272–1.000; p< 0.001) e 86.1% (Kappa = 0.365; CI95%: 0.052–0.679]; p< 0.001) quando um cutoff ≥ 10% foi usado para AR positivo. A expressão de AR na CNB (cutoff ≥ 1%) teve a sensibilidade de 98.5%, especificidade de 60%, valor preditivo positivo de 97.0% e valor preditivo negativo de 76.9% na detecção. Conclusão |Biópsia com agulha de grande calibre tem uma boa precisão em avaliar a expressão de AR no câncer de mama. A precisão do método cai com valores elevados de cutoff para AR positivo.

Abstract The effect of temperature was investigated on the consolidation of blended elemental powders of aluminum and copper by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Aluminum and Copper powders (1:1% vol.) were blended and consolidated in a 90° ECAP die at room (RT) and cryogenic temperatures (CT - ~77 K). ECAP samples were pressed until 4 passes at room temperature in route Bc. As a reference, a sample was obtained by conventional uniaxial pressing. The obtained results indicated a much denser (>99.5%) and harder structure by cryogenic ECAP. The hardness after one pass at CT was comparable with 4 passes at room temperature. Tensile tests performed at CT for materials with similar chemical composition showed a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility at CT, corroborating the results obtained by ECAP. The partial suppression of dynamic recovery and the activation and the transition between deformation mechanisms at CT, as well as stacking fault energies (SFE) of such metals, played an important role in these results. Copper presented a much higher capability of strain hardening than aluminum, due to its lower SFE and much lower homologous temperature. X-ray diffraction indicated a strong correlation between the variation of average microstrain and the variation of hardness on both metals. The results of this study demonstrated the great potential of the application of very low temperatures for the obtaining of deformation metal-metal composites.

Abstract: Solubility, pH, ion release, cytotoxicity, and osteoclastogenesis inhibition in bone marrow-derived monocyte macrophages (BMMs) were evaluated in EndoSequence BC Sealer (END), Bio-C Sealer (BC), and Sealer Plus BC (SPBC). pH was determined after immersion of the sealers in deionized water (DW) and Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (α-MEM). Solubility was obtained by mass loss. Ion release was measured by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA and Tukey/Dunnett's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). END had the highest pH in DW (p < 0.05), and BC, in α-MEM (p < 0.05). Solubility in DW was the lowest for SPBC (p < 0.005). The highest calcium release was observed for BC in DW at 12 h (p < 0.05), and in α-MEM at 12 and 24 h (p < 0.05). The lowest toxicity was detected for END (p < 0.05). BC had the highest inhibitory effect on osteoclasts (p < 0.05). Overall, the highest solubility and pH values were found in DW. However, the calcium silicate-based sealer showed higher solubility than the ISO standards. Calcium release was the highest for BC. END showed the highest cell viability, and BC, the highest osteoclast inhibition.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate physicochemical properties of three ready-to-use calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers: Endosequence BC Sealer, Bio C Sealer, and Sealer Plus BC. Radiopacity was evaluated using specimens of 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height, along with an aluminum step wedge. For the flow test, 0.5 mL of each sealer was deposited between glass plates and the mean of the measurement of two diameters was considered the cement flow value. For pH and calcium release, root canals of 30 prototypes of upper incisor acrylic resin teeth were filled with sealer and gutta percha point and then immersed in containers with 13 mL of ultrapure water. Both pH and release of calcium ions (atomic absorption spectrophotometer) were measured at 3, 24, 72, and 168 h. Acrylic resin teeth were scanned by Micro-CT 1174 at the time of pH and calcium ion readings for volumetric change analysis. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn’s tests. Endosequence BC Sealer presented the lowest, and Bio C Sealer the highest volumetric change after 72 h and 168 h (p < 0.05). Endosequence BC Sealer presented higher radiopacity (p < 0.05). All materials showed alkalinization capacity. All of them presented calcium ion release, with a higher value for Sealer Plus BC. All materials presented alkalinization, calcium release capacity, radiopacity, and flow above the minimum values required by the ISO standard. The highest volumetric loss was experienced by Bio C Sealer and the lowest one by Endosequence BC Sealer.

Resumo Modelos climáticos regionais (RCM) são as principais ferramentas para analisar impactos de mudanças climáticas em variáveis hidrológicas. Contudo, frequentemente apresentam vieses quando comparados a observações para o mesmo período, e técnicas de correção de viés (BC) têm sido utilizadas. Este estudo propôs uma análise de decisão multicritério (MCDA) para comparar combinações de RCM com metodologias de BC. Os critérios permitiram analisar a capacidade dos modelos em reproduzir as estatísticas gerais observadas, e obter informações relevantes para estudos hidrológicos, como aspectos relacionados à sazonalidade e de períodos secos e úmidos. A MCDA foi baseada no coeficiente modificado de Kling-Gupta (KGE’). Quatro métodos de BC foram aplicados em dados de precipitação mensal de quatro RCM para a bacia do rio Piracicaba. O método Linear Scaling (LS) apresentou os melhores resultados no aprimoramento da performance geral dos modelos. O método Standardized Reconstrucion (SdRc), combinado ao RCM Eta-HadGEM2-ES, obteve o melhor resultado para o período de validação (1991-2005). A análise dos indicadores da MCDA foi importante para a compreensão dos efeitos da BC. Os cenários projetados corrigidos (2006-2098) não apresentaram alterações no sinal da mudança climática do RCM com relação à precipitação total anual. No entanto, o método SdRc diminuiu em pelo menos 45% a precipitação média mensal dos meses Julho, Agosto e Setembro para os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5.

Abstract Regional climate models (RCM) are the main tools for climate change impacts assessment in hydrological studies. These models, however, often show biases when compared to historical observations. Bias Correction (BC) are useful techniques to improve climate projection outputs. This study presents a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to compare combinations of RCM with selected BC methods. The comparison was based on the modified Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE’). The criteria evaluated the general capability of models in reproducing the observed data main statistics. Other criteria evaluated were the relevant aspects for hydrological studies, such as seasonality, dry and wet periods. We applied four BC methods in four RCM monthly rainfall outputs from 1961 to 2005 in the Piracicaba river basin. The Linear Scaling (LS) method showed higher improvements in the general performance of the models. The RCM Eta-HadGEM2-ES, corrected with Standardized Reconstruction (SdRc) method, achieved the best results when compared to the observed precipitation. The bias corrected projected monthly precipitation (2006-2098) preserved the main signal of climate change effects when compared to the original outputs regarding annual rainfall. However, SdRc produced significant decrease in monthly average rainfall, higher than 45% for July, August and September for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A oclusão traqueal fetal temporária feita por meio da fetoscopia acelera o desenvolvimento pulmonar e reduz a mortalidade neonatal. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar experiência anestésica em gestantes cujos fetos eram portadores de hérnia diafragmática e foram submetidos à oclusão traqueal por fetoscopia (FETO). Método: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição. Os dados foram obtidos das fichas anestésicas e dos prontuários. Resultados: A FETO foi feita em 28 gestantes. Características demográficos: idade 29,8 ± 6,5; peso 68,64 ± 12,26; ASA I e II. Obstétricas: IG 26,1 ± 1,10 semana (na FETO); 32,86 ± 1,58 (desoclusão); 34,96 ± 2,78 (parto). Via de parto: cesárea, parto vaginal. Dados fetais: peso (g) nos momentos da oclusão e nascimento, respectivamente (1.045,82 ± 222,2 e 2294 ± 553); RPC na FETO e desoclusão: 0,7 ± 0,15 e 1,32 ± 0,34, respectivamente. Anestesia materna: pré-operatório incluiu ranitidina e metoclopramida; nifedipina (VO) e indometacina (retal). Medicação pré-anestésica com midazolam EV. Técnicas anestésicas: bloqueio combinado com bupivacaína 0,5% hiperbárica 5-10 mg associada ao sufentanil; peridural contínua predominantemente com bupivacaína 0,5% associada a sufentanil, fentanil ou morfina; geral. Em oito casos houve necessidade de complementação pelo cateter, cinco nas submetidas a PC e três a BC. No intraoperatório 13 pacientes necessitaram de sedação; efedrina foi usada em 15 pacientes. Anestesia fetal: fentanil 10 a 20 mg.kg-1 e pancurônio 0,1-0,2 mg.kg-1 (IM). A taxa de sobrevida neonatal foi de 60,7%. Conclusão: A FETO constitui técnica minimamente invasiva para correção de hérnia diafragmática congênita grave. O bloqueio combinado associado à sedação e anestesia fetal se mostrou seguro e eficaz para a oclusão traqueal.

Abstract Background and objectives: The temporary fetal tracheal occlusion performed by fetoscopy accelerates lung development and reduces neonatal mortality. The aim of this paper is to present an anesthetic experience in pregnant women, whose fetuses have diaphragmatic hernia, undergoing fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO). Method: Retrospective, descriptive study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were obtained from medical and anesthetic records. Results: FETO was performed in 28 pregnant women. Demographic characteristics: age 29.8 ± 6.5; weight 68.64 ± 12.26; ASA I and II. Obstetric: IG 26.1 ± 1.10 weeks (in FETO); 32.86 ± 1.58 (reversal of occlusion); 34.96 ± 2.78 (delivery). Delivery: cesarean section, vaginal delivery. Fetal data: Weight (g) in the occlusion and delivery times, respectively (1045.82 ± 222.2 and 2294 ± 553); RPC in FETO and reversal of occlusion: 0.7 ± 0.15 and 1.32 ± 0.34, respectively. Preoperative maternal anesthesia included ranitidine and metoclopramide, nifedipine (VO) and indomethacin (rectal). Preanesthetic medication with midazolam IV. Anesthetic techniques: combination of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (5-10 mg) and sufentanil; continuous epidural predominantly with 0.5% bupivacaine associated with sufentanil, fentanyl, or morphine; general. In 8 cases, there was need to complement via catheter, with 5 submitted to PC and 3 to BC. Thirteen patients required intraoperative sedation; ephedrine was used in 15 patients. Fetal anesthesia: fentanyl 10-20 mg.kg-1 and pancuronium 0.1-0.2 mg.kg-1 (IM). Neonatal survival rate was 60.7%. Conclusion: FETO is a minimally invasive technique for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Combined blockade associated with sedation and fetal anesthesia proved safe and effective for tracheal occlusion.

Mesoporous silica supports (aerogels) were used to immobilize Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BC) by encapsulation (EN or ENIL), physical adsorption (ADS or ADSIL) and covalent binding (CB or CBIL) into or onto the aerogel modified with protic ionic liquid (PIL). Yield immobilization (Ya) and operational stability were determined by the hydrolytic reaction of olive oil. Ya (37% to 83% by physical adsorption) and operational stability (2 to 23 batches by encapsulation) increased when the support was modified with PIL. For immobilized derivates observed by the BET method, in this case ADS and CB for ADSIL and CBIL, increased pores size was observed, possibly due to the higher amount of BC immobilized conferring Ya and operational stability. This effect was probably attributed to the entry of the enzyme into the pores of the silica aerogel structure. SEM images showed a change in the structure and properties of immobilized lipase derived with PIL. A characteristic FTIR band was obtained for the silanol groups and amides I, IV and V, demonstrating the efficiency of immobilization of BC. The most efficient biocatalysts were ADSIL with regard to yield immobilization and ENIL for operational stability.

Introdução A determinação do limiar anaeróbio em exercícios resistidos tem sido tema de diversos estudos. No entanto, o impacto desta avaliação sobre os parâmetros hemodinâmicos de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca ainda é desconhecido. Objetivo Comparar a estimativa do limiar anaeróbio (LAn) obtido em teste e reteste de protocolo incremental nos exercícios resistidos de supino reto (SR) e rosca direta (RD) e analisar o comportamento das variáveis hemodinâmicas de frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) durante protocolo de cargas incrementais. Métodos Oito voluntários do sexo masculino praticantes de treinamento resistido foram recrutados e realizaram quatro testes de cargas incrementais (dois no SR e dois na RD) em dias distintos para a determinação do LAn. Durante cada teste, as variáveis de lactato sanguíneo, FC, PAS e PAD foram mensuradas ao final de cada estágio. Resultados Os valores do LAn expressos em porcentagens da carga máxima (1-RM) para o SR em teste e reteste foram de 19,7±4,0% e 18,4±3,4% respectivamente e para RD de 17,7±3,4% e 19,4±3,1% respectivamente, não sendo identificadas diferenças estatísticas entre estas. No decorrer dos testes, a FC variou em média entre 90 e 135bpm para SR e entre 98 a 150bpm para RD. Apenas a PAS se alterou no decorrer dos testes, variando entre 111,8 a 123,3mmHg no SR e entre 119,4 a 141,3mmHg na RD. Conclusão Tais resultados nos sugerem que a intensidade relativa ao LAn não é diferente para SR ou RD em teste ou reteste. Não obstante, apesar de diferenças nos comportamentos hemodinâmicos entre os tipos de exercícios (SR vs. RD), os valores de FC e PAS se elevaram dentro de limites clinicamente aceitáveis, como sugerido pela literatura.

Introduction The anaerobic threshold determination in resistance exercises has been the subject of several studies. However, the impact of these evaluations over the hemodynamic parameters of blood pressure and heart rate are still unknown. Objective To compare the estimate of the anaerobic threshold (AnT) obtained during test and retest of an incremental protocol in resistance exercises of bench press (BP) and biceps curl (BC), and analyze the hemodynamic variable behavior of heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the incremental load protocol. Methods Eight male practitioners of resistance training volunteers have been recruited and carried out four incremental load tests (two in BP and two in BC) in distinct days for AnT determination. During each test, the variables of blood lactate, HR, SBP and DBP were measured at the end of each stage. Results The values of AnT expressed in % of maximum load (1-RM) for BP in test and retest were 19.7±4.0% and 18.4±3.4% respectively, and for BC were 17.7±3.4% and 19.4±3.1% respectively, not being found statistical differences between these. During tests, HR ranged on average between 90 and 135bpm for BP and between 98 and 150bpm for BC. Only the SBP has changed during tests, ranging between 111.8 to 123.3mmHg in BP and 119.4 to 141.3mmHg in BC. Conclusion These results suggest that the intensity related to AnT is not different for BP or BC during test or retest. Despite differences in hemodynamic behavior between exercise types (BP vs. BC), HR and SBP values had an elevation within acceptable clinical limits as suggested by literature.

Introducción La determinación del umbral anaeróbico en ejercicios de resistencia, ha sido un tema de diversos estudios, sin embargo, el impacto de esta evaluación sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos de presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca todavía son desconocidos. Objetivo Comparar la estimación del umbral anaeróbico (LAn) obtenido en prueba y reprueba del protocolo incremental en los ejercicios de resistencia de press de banca (PB) y curl de bíceps con barra (CB) y analizar el comportamiento de las variables hemodinámicas de frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) durante un protocolo de cargas incrementales. Métodos Ocho voluntarios de sexo masculino, practicantes de entrenamiento de resistencia, fueron reclutados y realizaran cuatro pruebas de cargas incrementales (dos en PB y dos en CB) en días distintos para la determinación del LAn. Durante cada prueba, las variables de lactato sanguíneo, FC, PAS y PAD fueron medidas al final de cada fase. Resultados Los valores de LAn expresados en porcentajes de carga máxima (1-RM) para el PB en prueba y reprueba fueron de 19,7±4,0% y 18,4±3,4% respectivamente y para CB de 17,7±3,4% e 19,4±3,1% respectivamente, no siendo identificadas diferencias estadísticas entre estas. En el transcurso de las pruebas, la FC varió, en promedio, entre 90 y 135bpm para PB y entre 98 a 150bpm para CB. Solamente la PAS se alteró en el transcurso de las pruebas, variando entre 111,8 a 123,3mmHg en PB y entre 119,4 a 141,3mmHg en CB. Conclusión Tales resultados nos sugieren que la intensidad relativa al LAn no es diferente para PB o CB en prueba y reprueba. No obstante, a pesar de las diferencias en los comportamientos hemodinámicos entre los tipos de ejercicios (PB vs. CB), los valores de FC y PAS aumentaron dentro de límites clínicamente aceptables como lo sugerido por la bibliografía.

As interações entre espécies, como por exemplo formigas e plantas através de nectários extraflorais (NEFs), são importantes componentes na evolução das comunidades. Entretanto, pouco é conhecido sobre os efeitos dos impactos antrópicos em interações específicas e suas consequências ecológicas. Este estudo avaliou os resultados do mutualismo entre formigas e NEF em Stachytarpheta glabra em área impactada pela atividade humana. Nós comparamos a composição e estrutura da fauna de artrópodes, em quarenta plantas de dois grupos, um impactado por atividades humanas e o outro preservado. Nós também avaliamos o investimento da planta em defesas contra herbívoros e os danos foliares causados por herbívoros. Nossos resultados indicam que os distúrbios causam a simplificação da fauna associada e a ausência de uma formiga mutualista anti-herbívoros. Isto leva a quatro vezes mais herbivoria nas plantas da área impactada, a despeito da mesma quantidade encontrada para NEF e formigas visitantes. A grande pressão de herbivoria pode dificultar o reestabelecimento de S. glabra, uma espécie pioneira importante nos campos ferruginosos, dessa forma, afetando a resiliência dessa comunidade ecológica ameaçada.

Interaction among species, like ants and plants through extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), are important components of ecological communities’ evolution. However, the effect of human disturbance on such specific interactions and its ecological consequences is poorly understood. This study evaluated the outcomes of mutualism between ants and the EFN-bearing plant Stachytarpheta glabra under anthropogenic disturbance. We compared the arthropod fauna composition between two groups of twenty plant individuals, one in an area disturbed by human activities and one in a preserved area. We also check the plant investment in herbivory defense and the consequential leaf damage by herbivore. Our results indicate that such disturbances cause simplification of the associated fauna and lack of proper ant mutualist. This led to four times more herbivory on plants of disturbed areas, despite the equal amount of EFN and ant visitors and low abundance of herbivores. The high pressure of herbivory may difficult the re-establishment of S. glabra, an important pioneer species in ferruginous fields, therefore it may affect resilience of this fragile ecological community.

Several groups have proposed thermographic image processing for Breast Cancer (BC) detection. Angiogenesis and vascularization of menstrual cycle dependent, as well as age and Body Mass Index change the absolute temperature in the tissue surface without necessarily being associated with malignancy. We have proposed the Differentiated Tissue Thermography (DTT) in breast regarding its contralateral mirror in order to observe differences in temperature characteristics of malignancy. This study evaluates the possibility of using breast DTT as a potential technique to assist the detection of BC. We sampled 110 female volunteers between 40 and 60 years old segmented into two experimental groups: healthy group (n=90) and BC group (n=20), which were diagnosed by mammography and histopathology. Thermal images of both breasts were acquired with an infrared camera and the DTT was estimated relative to its contralateral breast in the same patient. A sensitivity and specificity analysis was developed and the DTT was compared with the radiological diagnosis by ROC curves with the histopathological report as reference. The DTT values showed distinguishable dynamic ranges between malignant and healthy conditions. ROC analysis showed sensitivity and specificity values for DTT of 70% and 54% while for the radiological diagnosis was 70% and 96% respectively. DTT showed technical viability to assist BC detection.

Diversos grupos han propuesto el procesamiento de imágenes termográficas para detección de Cáncer de Mama (CaMa). Angiogénesis y vascularización dependientes del ciclo menstrual, edad e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) modifican la temperatura absoluta en la superficie tisular sin estar necesariamente asociadas a malignidad, en éste estudio proponemos la Termografía Tisular Diferenciada (TTD) en mama con respecto a su contralateral en espejo con el fin de observar diferencias térmicas características de malignidad. El presente trabajo evalúa la posibilidad de emplear la TTD como potencial técnica para asistir la detección de CaMa. Se muestrearon 110 mujeres voluntarias entre 40 y 60 años de edad segmentadas en dos grupos experimentales: grupo sanas (n=90) y grupo con CaMa (n=20) previamente diagnosticadas por mastografía e histopatología. Imágenes termográficas de ambas mamas fueron adquiridas con una cámara infrarroja y se estimó la TTD en relación a la mama contralateral de la misma paciente, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad y se comparó con el diagnóstico radiológico a través de curvas ROC tomando como referencia el diagnóstico histopatológico. La TTD en mama mostró rangos dinámicos diferenciables entre condiciones de malignidad respecto a benignidad. El análisis ROC mostró valores de sensibilidad y especificidad para el estimado TTD del 70% y 54% mientras que para el diagnóstico radiológico fue del 70% y 96%, respectivamente. La TTD muestra viabilidad técnica para asistir la detección de CaMa.

A remoção da primeira inflorescência feminina do milho induz a planta a produzir novas inflorescências, o que possibilita a colheita da primeira espiga como minimilho e a segunda, como espiga verde ou madura (milho seco). O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar, em doses de nitrogênio (0, 80 e 160 kg ha-1), os seguintes sistemas de produção, aplicados ao híbrido AG 1051: colheita de minimilho (BC); colheita de espigas verdes (GC); colheita de espigas maduras (DC); e colheita da primeira inflorescência feminina como minimilho e colheita das outras espigas como milho verde (BC + GC) ou como milho seco (BC + DC). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas (nitrogênio nas parcelas) e nove repetições. O sistema BC propiciou maiores rendimentos de minimilho que os sistemas BC + GC ou BC + DC. Em todas as características utilizadas na avaliação do rendimento de milho verde, o sistema GC propiciou maiores rendimentos que o sistema BC + GC. O sistema BC + DC proporcionou menor rendimento de grãos do que o sistema DC. A aplicação de nitrogênio propiciou aumentos em todas as características avaliadas, exceto no número de grãos espiga-1 e massa de 100 grãos. Os valores das receitas (total e total adicional) e do lucro adicional, em ordem decrescente, foram obtidos com os sistemas BC, BC + GC, BC + DC, GC e DC, em todas as doses de nitrogênio. Os valores dessas medidas aumentaram com o aumento da dose de nitrogênio. Com a aplicação de 80 kg de N ha-1, o maior índice de lucratividade (percentagem da receita adicional que é convertida em lucro adicional) foi obtido com a comercialização do DC. Mas com a aplicação da dose máxima de nitrogênio, obteve-se maior lucratividade com a comercialização de BC.

Removal of the first female inflorescence in corn induces the plant to produce new inflorescences, which allows the first ear to be harvested as baby corn and the second to be harvested as green or mature ear (dry corn). The objective of this study was to compare the following production systems fertilized with nitrogen levels (0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1), applied to corn hybrid AG 1051: baby corn harvesting (BC); green ear harvesting (GC); mature ear harvesting (DC); and harvesting of the first female inflorescence as baby corn + harvesting the other ears as green corn (BC + GC) or as dry corn (BC + DC). A randomized complete block design with split-plots (nitrogen in plots) and nine replicates was used. The BC system provided higher baby corn yields than the BC + GC or the BC + DC systems. For all traits employed to evaluate green corn yield, the GC system provided higher yields than the BC + GC system. The BC + DC system provided lower grain yield than the DC system. The application of nitrogen provided increases in all traits evaluated, except for number of kernels ear-1 and 100-kernel weight. The revenue (total and additional total) and additional profit values, in descending order, were obtained with the BC, BC + GC, BC + DC, GC, and DC systems, for all nitrogen levels. The values for those measurements increased as nitrogen dose increased. At the dose of 80 kg N ha-1, the highest profitability index (percentage of additional revenue that is converted into additional profit) was obtained from DC sales. However, with the application of the highest nitrogen rate, the highest profitability was obtained from BC sales.

No milho, se a primeira inflorescência feminina é removida, existe frequentemente a produção de novas inflorescências femininas. Isso possibilita que a primeira espiga seja colhida como minimilho (MM) e a segunda, como milho verde (MV), ou milho seco (MS), isto é, milho maduro. A flexibilidade proporcionada pela colheita de vários produtos permite ao agricultor competir melhor nos mercados. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os rendimentos de MM, MV e MS das cultivares AG 1051, AG 2060 e BRS 2020, após a colheita da primeira espiga como MM. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com dez repetições. Os rendimentos de MM, MV e MS foram maiores, quando estes produtos foram colhidos individualmente do que quando eles foram colhidos em combinação com minimilho (MM + MV e MM + MS). A cultivar BRS 2020 foi a melhor para produzir apenas MM, quando foram considerados número e massa de espigas empalhadas comercializáveis e número (ND) de espigas despalhadas comercializáveis. Quanto à massa (MD) de espigas despalhadas comercializáveis de MM, a cultivar AG 1051 foi a melhor. As cultivares não diferiram quanto aos rendimentos de minimilho quando este produto foi colhido em combinação com MV ou MS, exceto quanto ao ND e MD, em que AG 1051 foi superior. As cultivares não diferiram quanto aos números total e de espigas verdes empalhadas comercializáveis. As cultivares AG 1051 e AG 2060 foram as melhores quanto à massa de espigas verdes empalhadas comercializáveis e número e massa de espigas verdes despalhadas comercializáveis. A cultivar AG 1051 foi a melhor quanto ao rendimento de grãos.

In corn, when the first female inflorescence is removed, the plant often produces new female inflorescences. This allows the first ear to be harvested as baby corn (BC) and the second as green corn (GC) or dry corn (DC), that is, mature corn. The flexibility provided by a variety of harvested products allows the grower to compete with better conditions in the markets. We evaluated BC, GC, and DC yields in corn cultivars AG 1051, AG 2060, and BRS 2020, after the first ear was harvested as BC. A random block design with ten replicates was utilized. The yields of MM, MV and MS were higher when these products were individually harvested than when they were harvested in combination with baby corn (BC + GC and BC + DC). Cultivar BRS 2020 was the best for producing BC exclusively, considering the number and weight of marketable unhusked ears and the number (NH) of marketable husked ears. Considering weight (WH) of BC marketable husked ears, cultivar AG 1051 was the best. Cultivars did not differ in baby corn yield when this product was harvested in combination with MS or MV, except with regard to NH and WH, with AG 1051 being superior. The cultivars did not differ between total number of ears and number of marketable unhusked green ears. However, cultivars AG 1051 and AG 2060 were the best with respect to marketable unhusked green ears and number and weight of marketable husked green ears. Cultivar AG 1051 was the best with regard to kernel yield.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with one million new cases confirmed each year. This study aimed at identifying the knowledge of patients’ relatives concerning the risk factors (RF) for BC. It is a descriptive quantitative study carried out in the Chemotherapy Technical Division of a University Hospital in São Paulo state, Brazil, from September to October 2006. Only female (30) relatives were included due to the fact that BC is more frequent in females. The major RF cited were family history for BC 33.3% (10), smoking 16.6% (5), alcoholic-drink consumption 10% (3), animal-fat-rich diet 3.3% (1). Other factors such as not breastfeeding, environmental factors, use of oral contraceptives and hormone-replacement therapy were mentioned by 10% (3) of the relatives. It was concluded that the relatives of patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment showed to have little knowledge concerning RF for BC. Hence, it is important to rethink the inclusion of the health education process in the family scenario. This issue reaches far beyond the simple transmission of information. Healthcare professionals and nurses in particular, must focus on these individuals’ social context, values, beliefs and needs.

El cáncer de mama (CM) es la malignidad más común en mujeres en el mundo, con un millón de casos nuevos a cada año. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el conocimiento de las familiares acerca de los factores de riesgo (FRs) para el CM. El presente estudio es cuantitativo-descriptivo y fue realizado en la Sección Técnica de Quimioterapia de un hospital de enseñanza del Interior de São Paulo, en los meses de septiembre a octubre de 2006. Fueron incluidos sólo familiares del sexo femenino (30), por el hecho de que el CM es más frecuente en las mujeres. Los principales FRs apuntados fueron historia familiar para CM, 33,3% (10), tabaquismo 16,6% (5), consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, 10%(3) y alimentación rica en grasa animal 3,3% (1). Otros factores, como no amamantar, factor ambiental, uso de anticonceptivos orales y terapia de reposición hormonal, fueron indicados por 10% (3) de las mujeres. Se concluye que las familiares de las pacientes en tratamiento quimioterápico demostraron tener poco conocimiento de los FRs para el CM. De esta forma, se resalta la importancia de repensar la inserción del proceso de educación en salud en el contexto de la familia. La cuestión va mucho más allá de la transmisión de información. El profesional de la salud, principalmente el enfermero, debe tener como enfoque el contexto social, los valores, las creencias y las necesidades de estas personas.

O câncer de mama (CM) é a malignidade mais comum em mulheres no mundo, com um milhão de casos novos a cada ano. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o conhecimento das familiares quanto aos fatores de risco (FR) para o CM. O presente estudo é quantitativo-descritivo e foi realizado na seção técnica de quimioterapia de um hospital de ensino do Interior de São Paulo, nos meses de setembro a outubro de 2006. Foram incluídos apenas familiares do sexo feminino (30), pelo fato de o CM ser mais frequente nas mulheres. Os principais FR apontados foram história familiar para CM, com 33,3% (10), tabagismo, com 16,6% (5), consumo de bebidas alcoolicas, com 10% (3) e almimentação rica em gordura animal, com 3,3% (1). Outros fatores, como não amamentar, fator ambiental, uso de anticoncepcionais orais e terapia de reposição hormonal, foram apontados por apenas 10% (3) das mulheres. Conclui-se que as familiares das pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico demonstraram ter pouco conhecimento em relação aos FR para o CM. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância de repensar a inserção do processo de educação em saúde no contexto da família. A questão está muito além da simples transmissão de informação. O profissional da saúde, principalmente o enfermeiro, deve ter como foco o contexto social, os valores, as crenças e as necessidades destas pessoas.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do nível de concentrado e dos sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (SCAG) sobre o desempenho e qualidade da carne de novilhos terminados em confinamento. Sessenta novilhos Nelore e cruza Nelore foram divididos em quatro grupos e confinados por um período de 85 dias com as seguintes dietas: (BC) 46,7% de concentrado; (BC-SCAG) dieta BC acrescida de 3% de SCAG; (AC) dieta contendo 76,6% de concentrado e (AC-SCAG) dieta AC com 3% de SCAG. O nível de concentrado não influenciou o ganho médio diário, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a área de olho de lombo, mas as dietas AC aumentaram o peso (P=0,0011) e o rendimento (P<0,0001) de carcaça, além da força de cisalhamento (P=0,0438). Animais alimentados com as dietas AC apresentaram maior peso (P=0,0011) e rendimento (P<0,0001) de carcaça em relação aos animais do tratamento BC. Os SCAG aumentaram o ganho de peso em dietas de AC (P=0,0311), mas sem efeito nas dietas BC. Animais tratados com as dietas contendo SCAG apresentaram maior peso (P=0,0133) e rendimento de carcaça (P=0,0160), mas sem diferenças na espessura de gordura subcutânea, área de olho de lombo e força de cisalhamento. Dietas de alto concentrado e os SCAG melhoraram as características quantitativas (peso e rendimento) das carcaças de bovinos na fase de terminação e podem ser utilizadas pelos produtores como alternativa para melhorar a eficiência do sistema de produção.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of concentrate level and calcium salts of fatty acids (SCAG) on performance and meat quality of feedlot finished steers. Sixty Nellore and Nellore crossbred steers were distributed in four groups and fed for 85 days with one of the following diets: BC) diet containing 46.7% of concentrate; (BC-SCAG) LC diet plus 3% of SCAG; (AC) diet containing 76.6% of concentrate and (AC- SCAG) HC diet plus 3% of SCAG. Concentrate level did not affected average daily gain, subcutaneous fat thickness and ribeye area, but AC diets increased carcass weight (P=0.0011), dressing percentage (P<0.0001) and shear force (P=0.0438). SCAG increased average daily gain in AC (P=0.0311) but not in BC diets. Animals fed with SCAG diets showed greater carcass weight (P=0.0133) and dressing percentage (P=0.0160) with no differences on fat thickness, ribeye area and shear force. High concentrate diets and SCAG improved quantitative carcass traits (weight and dressing percentage) of finishing cattle and can be used as alternative to improve the efficiency of the production system.