Abstract The study aimed to evaluate relative validity and reproducibility of seven WHO indicators of dietary practices in children aged 6-23.9 months. Data from probabilistic sample of children who used primary healthcare services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were collected using a 24h dietary recall (24HR) and a closed questionnaire (Q1) on feeding in the day before the study. The last one was reapplied (Q2) around 16 days later. Validity was assessed by comparing the prevalence rates estimated by 24HR and Q1 and calculating the positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy index (AI) for the resulting indicators. For reproducibility, estimated prevalence rates based on Q1 and Q2 were compared and the kappa index and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa were estimated. Of the seven estimated indicators, the prevalence of two was overestimated (Continued breastfeeding: 50.0% vs 40.0%; Sweet beverage consumption: 65.1% vs 52.7%) and the prevalence of one was underestimated (Zero vegetable or fruit consumption: 6.5% vs 18.1%). For most indicators, Se and PPV were higher than Sp and NPV. The prevalence rates determined with Q1 and Q2 were similar for 6 indicators. More than half showed good, very good or excellent agreement.

Resumo O estudo avaliou a validade relativa e a reprodutibilidade de sete indicadores da OMS sobre alimentação de crianças de 6-23,9 meses. Dados de amostra probabilística de usuários de serviços básicos de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram coletados por meio de recordatório alimentar de 24 horas (R24h) e questionário fechado (Q1) sobre alimentação no dia anterior ao estudo. Este último foi reaplicado (Q2) em torno de 16 dias depois. A validade foi avaliada comparando-se as prevalências estimadas pelo R24h e Q1 e calculando-se os valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN), sensibilidade (Se), especificidade (Esp) e índice de acurácia (IA) dos indicadores resultantes. Para reprodutibilidade, as prevalências estimadas com base em Q1 e Q2 foram comparadas e estimados o índice kappa e o kappa ajustado pela prevalência. Dos sete indicadores estimados, houve superestimação da prevalência de dois (aleitamento continuado: 50,0% versus 40,0%; consumo de bebidas adoçadas: 65,1% vs. 52,7%) e subestimação da prevalência de um (não consumo de frutas e hortaliças: 6,5% vs. 18,1%). Para a maioria deles, Se e VPP foram maiores do que Esp e VPN. As prevalências determinadas com Q1 e Q2 foram semelhantes para seis indicadores. Mais da metade dos indicadores apresentaram concordância boa, muito boa ou excelente.

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE To map the international literature on Permanent Health Education initiatives to care for people with obesity. METHODS In total, six databases were searched without any language or publication period restriction according to the Joana Briggs Institute manual for evidence synthesis and the Prisma extension for scoping reviews (Prisma-ScR). Articles were independently analyzed by four reviewers and data, by two authors, which were then analyzed and discussed with our research team. RESULTS After screening 8,780 titles/abstracts and 26 full texts, 10studies met our eligibility criteria. We extracted data on methodologies, themes, definitions of obesity, outcomes, and gaps. Most initiatives came from North American countries without free or universal health systems and lasted a short period of time (70%), had multidisciplinary teams (70%), and addressed sub-themes on obesity approaches (90%). Results included changes in participants’ understanding, attitude, and procedures (80%) and gaps which pointed to the sustainability of these changes (80%). CONCLUSION This review shows the scarce research in the area and a general design of poorly effective initiatives, with traditional teaching methodologies based on information transmission techniques, the understanding of obesity as a disease and a public health problem, punctual actions, disciplinary fragmentation alien to the daily work centrality, and failure to recognize problems and territory as knowledge triggers and to focus on health care networks, line of care, the integrality of care, and food and body cultures.

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate relative validity and reproducibility of seven WHO indicators of dietary practices in children aged 6-23.9 months. Data from probabilistic sample of children who used primary healthcare services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were collected using a 24h dietary recall (24HR) and a closed questionnaire (Q1) on feeding in the day before the study. The last one was reapplied (Q2) around 16 days later. Validity was assessed by comparing the prevalence rates estimated by 24HR and Q1 and calculating the positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy index (AI) for the resulting indicators. For reproducibility, estimated prevalence rates based on Q1 and Q2 were compared and the kappa index and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa were estimated. Of the seven estimated indicators, the prevalence of two was overestimated (Continued breastfeeding: 50.0% vs 40.0%; Sweet beverage consumption: 65.1% vs 52.7%) and the prevalence of one was underestimated (Zero vegetable or fruit consumption: 6.5% vs 18.1%). For most indicators, Se and PPV were higher than Sp and NPV. The prevalence rates determined with Q1 and Q2 were similar for 6 indicators. More than half showed good, very good or excellent agreement.

Resumo O estudo avaliou a validade relativa e a reprodutibilidade de sete indicadores da OMS sobre alimentação de crianças de 6-23,9 meses. Dados de amostra probabilística de usuários de serviços básicos de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram coletados por meio de recordatório alimentar de 24 horas (R24h) e questionário fechado (Q1) sobre alimentação no dia anterior ao estudo. Este último foi reaplicado (Q2) em torno de 16 dias depois. A validade foi avaliada comparando-se as prevalências estimadas pelo R24h e Q1 e calculando-se os valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN), sensibilidade (Se), especificidade (Esp) e índice de acurácia (IA) dos indicadores resultantes. Para reprodutibilidade, as prevalências estimadas com base em Q1 e Q2 foram comparadas e estimados o índice kappa e o kappa ajustado pela prevalência. Dos sete indicadores estimados, houve superestimação da prevalência de dois (aleitamento continuado: 50,0% versus 40,0%; consumo de bebidas adoçadas: 65,1% vs. 52,7%) e subestimação da prevalência de um (não consumo de frutas e hortaliças: 6,5% vs. 18,1%). Para a maioria deles, Se e VPP foram maiores do que Esp e VPN. As prevalências determinadas com Q1 e Q2 foram semelhantes para seis indicadores. Mais da metade dos indicadores apresentaram concordância boa, muito boa ou excelente.

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE To map the international literature on Permanent Health Education initiatives to care for people with obesity. METHODS In total, six databases were searched without any language or publication period restriction according to the Joana Briggs Institute manual for evidence synthesis and the Prisma extension for scoping reviews (Prisma-ScR). Articles were independently analyzed by four reviewers and data, by two authors, which were then analyzed and discussed with our research team. RESULTS After screening 8,780 titles/abstracts and 26 full texts, 10studies met our eligibility criteria. We extracted data on methodologies, themes, definitions of obesity, outcomes, and gaps. Most initiatives came from North American countries without free or universal health systems and lasted a short period of time (70%), had multidisciplinary teams (70%), and addressed sub-themes on obesity approaches (90%). Results included changes in participants’ understanding, attitude, and procedures (80%) and gaps which pointed to the sustainability of these changes (80%). CONCLUSION This review shows the scarce research in the area and a general design of poorly effective initiatives, with traditional teaching methodologies based on information transmission techniques, the understanding of obesity as a disease and a public health problem, punctual actions, disciplinary fragmentation alien to the daily work centrality, and failure to recognize problems and territory as knowledge triggers and to focus on health care networks, line of care, the integrality of care, and food and body cultures.

Abstract Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is characterized by bone exposure for more than eight weeks in patients who have used or been treated with antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs, without a history of radiation therapy or metastatic diseases in the jaws. Obesity is associated with changes in periodontal tissues and oral microbiota that are linked to bone alterations. This study aimed to analyze the influence of obesity on the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis. The experiment randomly and simply divided 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) into four groups: healthy, with osteonecrosis, obese, and obese with osteonecrosis (n=6 per group). Osteonecrosis was induced through weekly intraperitoneal injection for eight weeks at a dose of 250 µg/kg of zoledronic acid in a 4 mg/5 mL solution, combined with trauma (exodontia). Obesity was induced through a high glycaemic index diet. Each group was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated regarding the development of models and pathological anatomy of the lesions. The results were expressed in mean percentage and standard deviation and statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) to establish differences found between the groups. Animals in the osteonecrosis group and the obese with osteonecrosis group presented larger necrosis areas (averages: 172.83±18,19 µm2 and 290.33±15,77 µm2, respectively) (p<0,0001). Bone sequestration, hepatic steatosis, and increased adipocyte size were observed in the obese group (average: 97.75±1.91 µm2) and in the obese with osteonecrosis group (average: 98.41±1.56 µm2), indicating greater tissue damage in these groups (p<0,0001). All parameters analyzed (through histological, morphometric, and murinometric analyses) increased for the obese and obese with osteonecrosis groups, suggesting a possible influence of obesity on the results. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of obesity in the possible exacerbation of osteonecrosis and understand the underlying mechanisms.

RESUMO As leucemias são caracterizadas pela proliferação de células imaturas da linhagem branca, denominadas blastos, na medula óssea e/ou sangue. Dentre elas destacamos a Leucemia Mielóide Aguda Monocítica, que representa uma neoplasia maligna, cuja proliferação anormal de monoblastos resulta na supressão das células da série mielóide. Manifestações orais são comuns, surgindo no início da doença e também associadas à quimioterapia durante o tratamento gerando complicações que comprometem a oncoterapia. O presente trabalho trata-se de um paciente portador deste tipo agressivo de leucemia, com complicações bucais da doença e posteriormente, do tratamento oncológico. Destaca ainda a atuação do cirurgião-dentista em fases distintas do tratamento realçando a importância da manutenção da saúde bucal em pacientes oncológicos. A presença do Cirurgião-Dentista na equipe multiprofissional contribui para diminuição das manifestações que ocorrem tanto devido à doença quanto ao tratamento, garantindo melhor qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico e evitando maiores gastos ao sistema de saúde.

ABSTRACT Leukemia’s are characterized by the proliferation of immature white blood cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow and / or blood. Among them, we highlight the Monocytic Acute Myeloid Leukemia, which represents a malignant neoplasm whose unnatural monoblast proliferation results in suppression of myeloid series cells. Oral manifestations are common, arising at the onset of the disease and are also associated with chemotherapy during treatment leading to complications that compromise oncotherapy. The present study deals with a patient with this type of aggressive leukemia, with oral complications of the disease and later, oncological treatment. It also give prominence the performance of the dental surgeon in distinct phases of the treatment emphasizing the importance of maintaining oral health in cancer patients. The presence of the Dentist in the multi-professional team contributes to the reduction of manifestations that occur both due to the disease and the treatment, ensuring a better quality of life for cancer patients and avoiding higher expenses to the health system.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to model the decendial and hourly variability of meteorological variables, namely air temperature, relative air humidity and wind speed, in the Tangará da Serra region, Mato Grosso, Brazil, to determine the best schedules for fungicide applications to soybean crops. Hourly weather data between 2004 and 2017 from the Tangará da Serra municipality’s automatic station were made available by Brazil’s National Meterological Institute (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, INMET). Decendial variability (ten days 01 to 36) and hourly variability were analyzed for ten days that concentrated fungicide soybean crop applications, namely ten days 34, 35, 36 and 01. The following parameters were adopted as suitable fungicide application climate: wind speed ≥ 0.83 ≤ 2.77 m s-1, relative air humidity ≥ 50% and air temperature ≤ 30 °C. Relative humidity was not a limiting factor for application on ten days 34, 35, 36 and 01. Due to hourly maximum temperatures, suitable application conditions are less than 10% at 1:00 PM. The most frequent suitable weather conditions schedules are concentrated between 5:00 AM and 7:00 AM, and at night, from 7:00 PM.

RESUMO Objetivo Medir a prevalência do uso na vida, no último ano e no último mês de duas club drugs – o ecstasy e o LSD –, bem como as características associadas ao uso dessas substâncias, no último mês, entre estudantes de graduação de uma universidade no Sul do Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido no ano de 2015 com amostragem aleatória sistemática por conglomerados. Participaram 1.423 estudantes de graduação. Foi utilizado um modelo de análise multivariável em três níveis hierárquicos por meio da regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados As prevalências de uso na vida, no último ano e no último mês de club drugs foram de 12,7%, 7,8% e 3,8%, respectivamente. Indivíduos do sexo masculino, com orientação sexual homossexual ou bissexual, mais jovens, que moravam com seus pares, solteiros, e que relataram uso no último mês de tabaco e maconha apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter feito uso no último mês de alguma club drug. Entretanto, a variável mais fortemente associada a esse desfecho foi ter algum amigo que já fez uso de alguma droga ilícita na vida (RP = 19,54). Conclusões O ambiente universitário parece ser um terreno fértil para a difusão do uso de club drugs. O fortalecimento de uma rede de apoio institucional da universidade, capaz de propor atividades de prevenção, bem como de identificar, acolher e encaminhar casos em que haja abuso e dependência dessas substâncias, pode ser uma estratégia importante para lidar com essa problemática.

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the prevalence of lifetime, last-year, and last-month use of two club drugs – ecstasy and LSD –, as well as the characteristics associated with the last-month use of these substances among undergraduate students at a university in southern Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 with a clustered systematic sampling strategy. Overall, 1,423 undergraduate students participated. A three-level hierarchical multivariate analysis model was used through Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. Results Prevalence of lifetime, last-year, and last-month use of club drugs were 12.7%, 7.8% and 3.8%, respectively. Male participants, with homosexual or bisexual sexual orientation, younger, who lived with their peers, who were single, and who reported last-month use of tobacco and marijuana had higher probability of last-month use club drugs. However, the variable most strongly associated with this outcome was having a friend with lifetime use of illicit drugs (PR = 19.54). Conclusions University environment seems to be a fertile ground for the spread of the use of club drugs. The strengthening of the university’s institutional assistance network, capable of proposing prevention activities, as well as identifying, supporting and referring cases where there is abuse and dependence on these substances can be an important strategy to deal with this problem.

Resumo Nado artístico (NA) é um esporte avaliado por quinze juízes em provas de rotinas. A meta dos atletas é a realização de padrões motores proficientes de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos. O presente estudo analisou se havia diferença entre os dois grupos de juízes de NA com diferentes níveis de experiência. O grupo da Federação Internacional de Natação - FINA (GI) avalia a nível nacional e internacional e o grupo não FINA (GN) avalia apenas a nível nacional. Participaram 20 juízes experientes separados em grupos, 10 juízes GI e 10 juízes GN. Assim, os juízes avaliaram o item execução de três rotinas com cinco elementos obrigatórios. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach apresentou elevada consistência interna no GI (a= 0,85 em T1 e 0,83 em T2). No GN observou-se consistência interna em T1 e baixa em T2 (a = 0,82 em T1 e 0,39 em T2). A análise de avaliação entre GI e GN, foi significativa (p?0,0330) e análise de confiabilidade (viés: -0,1266 de limite de concordância 95%: -1,642 a 1,388) mostrando consistência e alto grau de confiança nos resultados. Os achados sugerem que o item execução dos elementos requeridos apresentou alta objetividade no que diz respeito aos juízes com diferentes níveis de experiência, GI e GN, independentemente da categorização e do tempo de prática. A FINA alterou o número de juízes e o número de itens que são avaliados nas provas de rotina. Sugere-se que a redução dos itens tenha contribuído para que os juízes se concentrassem mais na avaliação.

Abstract Artistic swimming (AS) is a sport evaluated by fifteen judges in routine sessions. The athletes' goal is to achieve proficient motor patterns according to pre-established criteria. The present studied analyzed whether there is difference between the two groups of AS judges with different levels of experience. The group of the International Swimming Federation - FINA (IG) evaluates AS at national and international level and the non-FINA group (NG) evaluates AS only at national level. Twenty experienced judges were divided into groups, 10 IG judges and 10 NG judges. Thus, judges evaluated the item execution of three routines with five required elements. Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed high internal consistency in IG (a= 0.85 in T1 and 0.83 in T2). In NG, internal consistency was observed in T1 and low consistency in T2 (a= 0.82 in T1 and 0.39 in T2). Evaluation analysis between IG and NG was significant (p?0.0330) and reliability analysis (bias: -0.1266 95% agreement limit: -1.642 to 1.388) showed consistency and high degree of confidence in results. The findings suggest that the item execution of required elements showed high objectivity regarding judges with different levels of experience, IG and NG, regardless of categorization and time of practice. FINA has changed the number of judges and the number of items evaluated in routine sessions. It is suggested that the reduction of items has contributed in a positive way so that judges can focus more on evaluation itself.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the 2020 all-cause and COVID-19 excess mortality according to sex, age, race/color, and state, and to compare mortality rates by selected causes with that of the five previous years in Brazil. METHODS Data from the Mortality Information System were used. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated from 2015 to 2019 data using a negative binomial log-linear model. RESULTS Excess deaths in Brazil in 2020 amounted to 13.7%, and the ratio of excess deaths to COVID-19 deaths was 0.90. Reductions in deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases, and external causes, and an increase in ill-defined causes were all noted. Excess deaths were also found to be heterogeneous, being higher in the Northern, Center-Western, and Northeastern states. In some states, the number of COVID-19 deaths was lower than that of excess deaths, whereas the opposite occurred in others. Moreover, excess deaths were higher in men aged 20 to 59, and in black, yellow, or indigenous individuals. Meanwhile, excess mortality was lower in women, in individuals aged 80 years or older, and in whites. Additionally, deaths among those aged 0 to 19 were 7.2% lower than expected, with reduction in mortality from respiratory diseases and external causes. There was also a drop in mortality due to external causes in men and in those aged 20 to 39 years. Moreover, reductions in deaths from CVD and neoplasms were noted in some states and groups. CONCLUSION There is evidence of underreporting of COVID-19 deaths and of the possible impact of restrictive measures in the reduction of deaths from external causes and respiratory diseases. The impacts of COVID-19 on mortality were heterogeneous among the states and groups, revealing that regional, demographic, socioeconomic, and racial differences expose individuals in distinct ways to the risk of death from both COVID-19 and other causes.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the 2020 all-cause and COVID-19 excess mortality according to sex, age, race/color, and state, and to compare mortality rates by selected causes with that of the five previous years in Brazil. METHODS Data from the Mortality Information System were used. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated from 2015 to 2019 data using a negative binomial log-linear model. RESULTS Excess deaths in Brazil in 2020 amounted to 13.7%, and the ratio of excess deaths to COVID-19 deaths was 0.90. Reductions in deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases, and external causes, and an increase in ill-defined causes were all noted. Excess deaths were also found to be heterogeneous, being higher in the Northern, Center-Western, and Northeastern states. In some states, the number of COVID-19 deaths was lower than that of excess deaths, whereas the opposite occurred in others. Moreover, excess deaths were higher in men aged 20 to 59, and in black, yellow, or indigenous individuals. Meanwhile, excess mortality was lower in women, in individuals aged 80 years or older, and in whites. Additionally, deaths among those aged 0 to 19 were 7.2% lower than expected, with reduction in mortality from respiratory diseases and external causes. There was also a drop in mortality due to external causes in men and in those aged 20 to 39 years. Moreover, reductions in deaths from CVD and neoplasms were noted in some states and groups. CONCLUSION There is evidence of underreporting of COVID-19 deaths and of the possible impact of restrictive measures in the reduction of deaths from external causes and respiratory diseases. The impacts of COVID-19 on mortality were heterogeneous among the states and groups, revealing that regional, demographic, socioeconomic, and racial differences expose individuals in distinct ways to the risk of death from both COVID-19 and other causes.

O estudo teve como objetivos, descrever o atraso na notificação de óbitos por COVID-19 na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, e demonstrar o impacto sobre o monitoramento oportuno e modelagem da pandemia. O estudo teve como objetivo secundário determinar a medida em que a nowcasting é capaz de diminuir a defasagem na notificação de óbitos. Analisamos os dados de mortalidade por COVID-19 registrados diariamente no Boletim Epidemiológico da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Maranhão e calculamos o atraso na notificação entre 23 de março e 29 de agosto de 2020. Para ilustrar o impacto do atraso na notificação de óbitos e testar a efetividade de uma nowcasting bayesiana para melhorar a qualidade dos dados, ajustamos um modelo hierárquico bayesiano semi-mecanístico. Apenas 17,8% dos óbitos foram notificados sem atraso ou no dia seguinte, enquanto 40,5% foram atrasados em mais de 30 dias. Devido ao atraso na notificação, houve uma subestimação inicial nos óbitos. Entre 7 de junho e 29 de agosto, 644 óbitos foram notificados, mas apenas 116 mortes ocorreram nesse período. O uso da técnica de nowcasting bayesiana melhorou parcialmente a qualidade dos dados de mortalidade no pico da epidemia, apresentando estimativas mais ajustadas ao cenário observado na cidade, mas não se mostrou útil quase dois meses depois do pico. O atraso na notificação de óbitos pode interferir diretamente nas decisões assertivas e oportunas sobre o combate à pandemia da COVID-19. Portanto, o sistema brasileiro de vigilância epidemiológica deve ser revisto urgentemente, e o registro da data do óbito deve ser obrigatório. A técnica de nowcasting mostrou ser parcialmente eficaz na melhoria dos dados de mortalidade no auge da pandemia, mas não depois.

This study describes the COVID-19 death reporting delay in the city of São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, and shows its impact on timely monitoring and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic, while seeking to ascertain how nowcasting can improve death reporting delay. We analyzed COVID-19 death data reported daily in the Epidemiological Bulletin of the State Health Secretariat of Maranhão and calculated the reporting delay from March 23 to August 29, 2020. A semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to illustrate the impact of death reporting delay and test the effectiveness of a Bayesian Nowcasting in improving data quality. Only 17.8% of deaths were reported without delay or the day after, while 40.5% were reported more than 30 days late. Following an initial underestimation due to reporting delay, 644 deaths were reported from June 7 to August 29, although only 116 deaths occurred during this period. Using the Bayesian nowcasting technique partially improved the quality of mortality data during the peak of the pandemic, providing estimates that better matched the observed scenario in the city, becoming unusable nearly two months after the peak. As delay in death reporting can directly interfere with assertive and timely decision-making regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system must be urgently revised and notifying the date of death must be mandatory. Nowcasting has proven somewhat effective in improving the quality of mortality data, but only at the peak of the pandemic.

La propuesta de este estudio es describir la demora en la notificación de muertes por COVID-19, en la ciudad São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, y demostrar su impacto en el seguimiento puntual, así como en el modelaje de la pandemia de COVID-19. Un objetivo secundario fue confirmar el alcance, donde la previsión inmediata es capaz de mejorar el retraso en la notificación de las muertes. Analizamos los datos de muertes por COVID-19 diariamente en el Boletín Epidemiológico de la Secretaría de Estado de la Salud de Maranhão y calculamos los atrasos notificados desde el 23 de marzo al 29 de agosto, 2020. Con el fin de ilustrar el impacto del retraso en la notificación de muertes, y para probar la efectividad de la predicción inmediata bayesiana en la mejora de los datos de calidad, ajustamos un modelo jerárquico bayesiano semi-mecanicista. Solo un 17.8% de las muertes se notificaron sin atrasos o el día después, mientras que un 40.5% se vieron retrasadas durante más de 30 días. Debido a la demora informada, se produjo una subestimación inicial de muertes. No obstante, desde el 7 de junio al 29 de agosto, se informó de 644 muertes, pero solamente 116 muertes se produjeron durante este periodo. El uso de la técnica de predicción inmediata bayesiana mejoró parcialmente la calidad de la información de mortalidad durante el pico de la epidemia, presentando estimaciones que se ajustan mejor al escenario observado en la ciudad, pero no fue útil casi 2 meses después del pico. El retraso en la notificación de muertes podría interferir directamente en la toma de decisiones asertivas y puntuales, respecto a la pandemia de COVID-19. Por consiguiente, se debe revisar urgentemente el sistema brasileño de vigilancia epidemiológica y la notificación de la fecha de muerte debería ser obligatoria. La técnica de predicción inmediata ha demostrado ser bastante efectiva para mejorar la calidad de los datos de mortalidad solamente en el pico pandémico, pero no después.

Estratégias nacionais para o controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A em crianças estão baseadas em estimativas de suas prevalências produzidas em âmbito nacional em 2006 com métodos não validados para este grupo etário e com nível de desagregação para macrorregiões. Com o intuito de subsidiar a gestão local para o (re)direcionamento de medidas de controle desses agravos, o presente trabalho apresenta estimativas de sua prevalência e, também, de marcadores de consumo alimentar de fontes de micronutrientes e do uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais em amostra probabilística de crianças de 6 a 59 meses, usuárias da atenção básica de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para análise de hemoglobina, ferritina e retinol sérico e dados sobre o consumo alimentar, o uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais e as características sociodemográficas. As prevalências de anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% e 13%. Quase todas as crianças haviam consumido alimentos ricos em ferro no dia anterior à entrevista, sendo altas as prevalências de consumo de fontes de origem animal. Somente 49,4% haviam consumido alimentos ricos em vitamina A. As prevalências de uso de algum suplemento, de suplemento com ferro e com vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% e 24,4%. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de redirecionamento das estratégias de prevenção e controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A. Estudos futuros são necessários para examinar a evolução desses indicadores, tendo em vista as políticas de austeridade que entraram em vigor nos últimos anos e a crise econômica decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19.

Brazilian national strategies for the control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in children are based on estimates of their nationwide prevalence rates in 2006 with methods not validated for this age group and with disaggregation at the level of major geographic regions. To back local administrations in (re)directing control measures for these two disorders, the current study presents estimates of their prevalence and markers of dietary intake of sources of micronutrients and use of vitamin and mineral supplements in a probabilistic sample of children 6 to 59 months of age, users of primary healthcare in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 536). Venous blood samples were drawn for analysis of hemoglobin, ferritin, and serum retinol, besides collection of data on food consumption, use of vitamin and mineral supplements, and sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence rates for anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7%, 5.5%, and 13%, respectively. Nearly all the children had consumed iron-rich food the day before the interview, with high prevalence of animal sources. Only 49.4% had consumed foods high in vitamin A. The prevalence rates for use of any supplement, iron supplements, and vitamin A supplements were 51%, 14.7%, and 24.4%, respectively. The findings point to the need to redirect the strategies for prevention and control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Future studies are necessary to examine trends in these indicators, focusing on austerity policies implemented in recent years and the economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Las estrategias brasileñas para el control de anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A en niños están basadas en estimaciones de sus prevalencias, producidas en el ámbito nacional en 2006 con métodos no validados para este grupo etario, y con un nivel de desagregación en las macrorregiones. Con el fin de apoyar la gestión local para la (re)orientación de medidas de control de esos problemas de salud, este trabajo presenta estimaciones de su prevalencia y, también, de los marcadores de consumo alimentario de fuentes de micronutrientes y del uso de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, en una muestra probabilística de niños de 6 a 59 meses, pacientes de atención básica de salud del Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Se recogieron muestras de sangre venosa para el análisis de hemoglobina, ferritina y retinol sérico, así como datos sobre el consumo alimentario, de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, así como de características sociodemográficas. Las prevalencias de anemia, anemia ferropénica y deficiencia de vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% y 13%. Casi todos los niños habían consumido alimentos ricos en hierro el día anterior a la entrevista, siendo altas las prevalencias de consumo de fuentes de origen animal. Solamente un 49,4% habían consumido alimentos ricos en vitamina A. Las prevalencias de consumo de algún suplemento, de suplemento con hierro y de suplemento con vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% y 24,4%. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de reorientar las estrategias de prevención y control de la anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A. Se necesitan estudios futuros para examinar la evolución de esos indicadores, teniendo en vista las políticas de austeridad que entraron en vigor en los últimos años y la crisis económica a consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID-19.

Estratégias nacionais para o controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A em crianças estão baseadas em estimativas de suas prevalências produzidas em âmbito nacional em 2006 com métodos não validados para este grupo etário e com nível de desagregação para macrorregiões. Com o intuito de subsidiar a gestão local para o (re)direcionamento de medidas de controle desses agravos, o presente trabalho apresenta estimativas de sua prevalência e, também, de marcadores de consumo alimentar de fontes de micronutrientes e do uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais em amostra probabilística de crianças de 6 a 59 meses, usuárias da atenção básica de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para análise de hemoglobina, ferritina e retinol sérico e dados sobre o consumo alimentar, o uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais e as características sociodemográficas. As prevalências de anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% e 13%. Quase todas as crianças haviam consumido alimentos ricos em ferro no dia anterior à entrevista, sendo altas as prevalências de consumo de fontes de origem animal. Somente 49,4% haviam consumido alimentos ricos em vitamina A. As prevalências de uso de algum suplemento, de suplemento com ferro e com vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% e 24,4%. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de redirecionamento das estratégias de prevenção e controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A. Estudos futuros são necessários para examinar a evolução desses indicadores, tendo em vista as políticas de austeridade que entraram em vigor nos últimos anos e a crise econômica decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19.

Brazilian national strategies for the control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in children are based on estimates of their nationwide prevalence rates in 2006 with methods not validated for this age group and with disaggregation at the level of major geographic regions. To back local administrations in (re)directing control measures for these two disorders, the current study presents estimates of their prevalence and markers of dietary intake of sources of micronutrients and use of vitamin and mineral supplements in a probabilistic sample of children 6 to 59 months of age, users of primary healthcare in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 536). Venous blood samples were drawn for analysis of hemoglobin, ferritin, and serum retinol, besides collection of data on food consumption, use of vitamin and mineral supplements, and sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence rates for anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7%, 5.5%, and 13%, respectively. Nearly all the children had consumed iron-rich food the day before the interview, with high prevalence of animal sources. Only 49.4% had consumed foods high in vitamin A. The prevalence rates for use of any supplement, iron supplements, and vitamin A supplements were 51%, 14.7%, and 24.4%, respectively. The findings point to the need to redirect the strategies for prevention and control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Future studies are necessary to examine trends in these indicators, focusing on austerity policies implemented in recent years and the economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Las estrategias brasileñas para el control de anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A en niños están basadas en estimaciones de sus prevalencias, producidas en el ámbito nacional en 2006 con métodos no validados para este grupo etario, y con un nivel de desagregación en las macrorregiones. Con el fin de apoyar la gestión local para la (re)orientación de medidas de control de esos problemas de salud, este trabajo presenta estimaciones de su prevalencia y, también, de los marcadores de consumo alimentario de fuentes de micronutrientes y del uso de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, en una muestra probabilística de niños de 6 a 59 meses, pacientes de atención básica de salud del Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Se recogieron muestras de sangre venosa para el análisis de hemoglobina, ferritina y retinol sérico, así como datos sobre el consumo alimentario, de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, así como de características sociodemográficas. Las prevalencias de anemia, anemia ferropénica y deficiencia de vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% y 13%. Casi todos los niños habían consumido alimentos ricos en hierro el día anterior a la entrevista, siendo altas las prevalencias de consumo de fuentes de origen animal. Solamente un 49,4% habían consumido alimentos ricos en vitamina A. Las prevalencias de consumo de algún suplemento, de suplemento con hierro y de suplemento con vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% y 24,4%. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de reorientar las estrategias de prevención y control de la anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A. Se necesitan estudios futuros para examinar la evolución de esos indicadores, teniendo en vista las políticas de austeridad que entraron en vigor en los últimos años y la crisis económica a consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as percepções do trabalho em equipe segundo os profissionais de uma unidade de oncohematologia. Métodos: estudo exploratório/abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 19 profissionais de saúde da unidade de oncohematologia de um hospital público de ensino. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, de setembro a dezembro de 2018. Análise de dados seguiu a Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática, e o referencial teórico de processo de trabalho. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias temáticas: Comportamento cooperativo dos profissionais da unidade de oncohematologia, revelando significados do trabalho em equipe e seus fatores facilitadores/dificultadores na unidade, e Composição, características e gestão da unidade, apresentando o trabalho em equipe na perspectiva da organização/dinâmica do trabalho na unidade, instrumentos materiais, capacitação/treinamento, composição da equipe e gestão organizacional. Considerações finais: destaca-se necessidade de a gestão conhecer e entender melhor o trabalho dos agentes e suas dificuldades, disponibilizando o amparo psicológico à equipe.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the perceptions of teamwork according to professionals of an oncohematology unit. Methods: this is an exploratory study/qualitative approach. Nineteen health professionals from the oncohematology unit of a public teaching hospital participated. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, from September to December 2018. Data analysis followed Content Analysis, thematic modality, and the work process theoretical framework. Results: two categories emerged: Cooperative behavior of professionals from an oncohematology unit, revealing meanings of teamwork and its facilitating/hindering factors in the unit, and Composition, characteristics and management of the unit, presenting teamwork in the perspective of organization/dynamics of work at the unit, material instruments, qualification/training, team composition and organizational management. Final considerations: there is a need for management to know and better understand the work of workers and their difficulties, providing psychological support to the team.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las percepciones del trabajo en equipo según los profesionales de una unidad de oncohematología. Métodos: estudio exploratorio/abordaje cualitativo. Participaron 19 profesionales de la salud de la unidad de oncohematología de un hospital universitario público. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, de septiembre a diciembre de 2018. El análisis de los datos siguió el Análisis de Contenido, la modalidad temática y el marco teórico del proceso de trabajo. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías temáticas: Comportamiento cooperativo de los profesionales de la unidad de oncohematología, revelando significados del trabajo en equipo y sus factores facilitadores/obstaculizadores en la unidad, y Composición, características y gestión de la unidad, presentando el trabajo en equipo en la perspectiva de la organización/dinámica. de trabajo en la unidad, instrumentos materiales, cualificación/formación, composición del equipo y gestión organizativa. Consideraciones finales: existe la necesidad de que la gerencia comprenda y comprenda mejor el trabajo de los agentes y sus dificultades, brindando apoyo psicológico al equipo.