ABSTRACT: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is extremely dangerous to human health and can be found naturally in soils, deposited through industrial waste or phosphate fertilization. In this study, we evaluated the morphological responses of in vitro grown plants of potato in the presence of Cd, and define a procedure for assessing Cd sensitivity of different clones. The potato clone SMIJ461-1 was cultured in the presence of Cd at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 110, 120, 140, and 160 µM. Survival, rooting, number and height of shoots, leaf and root counts were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of cultivation. Adverse effects of Cd on the growth of the potato plants, exerted in a concentration-dependent manner, were observed for shoot height, leaf and root counts. Results of this study indicated that Cd concentrations of 0, 45, 90, and 135 µM can be used for future in vitro evaluation of potato clone sensitivity to Cd exposure.

RESUMO: O cádmio (Cd) é um metal pesado extremamente perigoso à saúde humana, podendo ser encontrado naturalmente nos solos, depositado através de resíduos industriais ou da adubação fosfatada. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as respostas morfológicas de plantas de batata cultivadas in vitro na presença de Cd e definir uma metodologia para inferir sobre a sensibilidade de diferentes clones. Foi estudado o clone SMIJ461-1 de batata, nas concentrações de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 110, 120, 140, 160 µM de Cd adicionadas ao meio de cultura. A sobrevivência, o enraizamento, o número de brotações, a altura da parte aérea e o número de folhas e raízes foram avaliados aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de cultivo. Foram observados efeitos adversos de concentrações de Cd sobre o crescimento in vitro das plantas de batata do clone SMIJ461-1 para a altura da parte aérea e o número de folhas e raízes, sendo estes efeitos dependentes das concentrações de Cd adicionadas ao meio de cultura. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que as concentrações de 0, 45, 90 e 135 µM de Cd podem ser utilizadas para a avaliação in vitro da sensibilidade de clones de batata a presença de Cd.

ABSTRACT: Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Black wattle) is a forest species with great social and economical importance for the southern region of Brazil. This species has multifunctional characteristics, being cultivated to produce tannin, cellulose and energy. This research identified black wattle genotypes with competence for adventitious rooting for mini-cutting propagation. Single-bud mini-cuttings were treated with IBA at a concentration of 2000 mg L-1. After 30 days of cultivation in a humid chamber, the mini-cuttings were evaluated for percentages of survival, rooting, number of roots, average length of the three largest roots, and the number of mini-cuttings rooted per mini-stump. The identification of the best genotypes was performed with the Selegen REML/BLUP software. Selection between and within black wattle progenies can be performed based on the number of rooted mini-cuttings, making it possible to select genotypes with high competence for adventitious rooting while maintaining genetic variability for new selection cycles to develop clones for vegetative propagation by mini-cutting.

RESUMO: Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Acácia-negra) é uma espécie florestal de grande importância social e econômica para a região sul do Brasil. Essa espécie apresenta características multifuncionais, sendo cultivada para produção de tanino, celulose e energia. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar genótipos de acácia-negra com competência ao enraizamento adventício para a propagação por miniestaquia. Miniestacas de gema única foram tratadas com AIB na concentração de 2000 mg L-1. Aos 30 dias de cultivo as miniestacas foram avaliadas quanto às porcentagens de sobrevivência e enraizamento, número e comprimento médio das três maiores raízes e número de miniestacas enraizadas por minicepa. A identificação dos melhores genótipos foi realizada com o auxílio do software Selegen REML/BLUP. A seleção entre e dentro de progênies de acácia-negra pode ser realizada para o número de miniestacas enraizadas, sendo possível selecionar genótipos com alta competência ao enraizamento adventício, mantendo variabilidade genética para novos ciclos de seleção, visando desenvolver clones para a propagação vegetativa por miniestaquia.

The solidification process of Ti52-xNi38Cu10Nbx alloys was evaluated using the CALPHAD method and microstructural analyses of as-cast alloys with Nb additions of x = 4, 6, 8 and 10 at%. Both in Scheil calculator and structural analyses, the observed phases were TiNi, β-Nb/Ti, and Ti2Ni. TiNi is the matrix phase, and it presented similar amounts of Ti and Ni with varying Nb contents. Enrichments of Ti content and depletion of Ni are expected in the liquid with the solidification of this phase. Formation of Ti2Ni and β-Ti is related to the excess of Ti. Increasing Nb content hinders the formation of Ti2Ni, favoring β-Ti. In turn, Ni depletion and Nb accumulation led to the TiNi/β-Nb eutectic. In the intermetallic phases, coherent ratios were obtained when Cu was considered a substitute for Ni, and Nb, for Ti.

Abstract The burrowing nematode Radopholus similis is among the most damaging pathogens. Resistant plants are one of the most promising approaches for nematode control, and knowledge of resistance and aggressiveness components is essential to understand resistance genetics and developing new cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the degree of resistance of eight banana accessions to populations of R. similis to verify differences in the reproduction capacity between nematode populations and to study the horizontal/vertical resistance and aggressiveness/ virulence components of Musa spp. and R. similis pathosystem. The accessions 4249-05, 4279-06, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, 0337-02, 1304-06, Borneo and Grande Naine were inoculated with one of three R. similis populations from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, and Santa Catarina and kept in a greenhouse. Accessions 4249-05, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, and 4279-06 showed different resistance levels, and the Pernambuco population had the highest reproductive capacity. Using Griffing Model IV, evidence of vertical and horizontal resistance was observed, with accessions 4249-05 and Yangambi km5 showing the highest levels of horizontal resistance.

Resumo O nematoide cavernícola, Radopholus similis, está entre os patógenos de banana mais prejudiciais. Plantas resistentes são uma das abordagens mais promissoras para o controle de nematoides. O conhecimento de componentes da resistência e da agressividade é essencial para entender a genética de resistência e para desenvolver novas cultivares. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi acessar o grau de resistência de oito acessos de bananeira a populações de R. similis, verificar diferenças na capacidade de reprodução entre populações de nematoides e estudar os componentes de resistência horizontal/vertical e agressividade/virulência no patossistema Musa spp. e R. similis. Os acessos 4249-05, 4279- 06, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, 0337-02, 1304-06, Borneo e Grande Naine foram inoculados com cada uma das três populações de R. similis (Pernambuco (PE), Distrito Federal (DF) ou Santa Catarina (SC)) e mantidos em casa de vegetação. Os acessos 4249-05, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03 e 4279-06 expressaram diferentes níveis de resistência, e a população do nematoide de PE foi a que apresentou maior capacidade de multiplicação. Baseado no Modelo IV de Griffing, evidências de resistência vertical e horizontal foram observadas, sendo que os acessos 4249-05 e Yangambi km5 foram os que apresentaram maiores níveis de resistência horizontal.

Resumo A identificação e seleção de talentos no futebol são feitas majoritariamente pela avaliação subjetiva dos treinadores. Sistematizar o “olho do treinador” pode otimizar este processo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as habilidades táticas, a competência percebida e a orientação motivacional de jovens futebolistas classificados como atletas de alto e baixo potencial esportivo, de acordo com a opinião dos treinadores. Participaram 101 futebolistas brasileiros sub15 (com média de 14,6±0,7 anos; e média de tempo de prática de 7,6±2,6 anos). Foram utilizados diferentes questionários para avaliar o conhecimento tático (TACSIS - Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports), a orientação esportiva (SOQ - Sport Orientation Questionnaire) e a competência percebida. Os futebolistas de alto potencial (n=44), quando comparados aos futebolistas de baixo potencial (n=57), apresentaram maior posicionamento e decisão (4,52±0,73 vs. 4,18±0,63; p=0,02; d=0,50), maior conhecimento sobre os outros (4,25±0,96 vs. 3,81±0,83; p=0,02; d=0,49) e um valor maior no somatório de habilidades táticas (4,43±0,72 vs. 4,14±0,65; p=0,04; d=0,46); os atletas de alto potencial apresentaram maior competitividade (4,76±0,27 vs. 4,55±0,33; p=0,01; d=0,72) e maior competência percebida (7,79±1,32 vs. 7,12±1,13; p=0,01; d=0,54), respectivamente. Conclui-se que os futebolistas sub15 avaliados pelos treinadores como alto potencial esportivo apresentaram resultados melhores em indicadores de habilidades táticas, motivação e competência percebida, quando comparados aos de baixo potencial.

Abstract Coaches’ subjective evaluations are predominantly responsible for talent identification and selection in soccer; therefore, systematizing the "coach's eye" can optimize this process. Our objective was to compare tactical skills, perceived competence, and sport achievement orientation of young soccer players classified as having high or low sporting potential, according to their coaches’ opinion. 101 Brazilian U15 soccer players (14.6 ± 0.7 years; practice time: 7.6 ± 2.6 years) participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to assess their tactical knowledge (TACSIS – Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports), sport orientation (SOQ - Sport Orientation Questionnaire), and perceived competence. Compared with the low-potential soccer players (n = 57), the high-potential soccer players (n = 44) showed higher positioning and deciding skills (4.52 ± 0.73 vs. 4.18 ± 0.63; p = 0.02; d = 0.50), knowledge about others (4.25 ± 0.96 vs. 3.81 ± 0.83; p = 0.02; d = 0.49), and sum of tactical skills (4.43 ± 0.72 vs. 4.14 ± 0.65; p = 0.04; d = 0.46) In turn, high-potential athletes showed higher competitiveness (4.76 ± 0.27 vs. 4.55 ± 0.33; p = 0.01; d = 0.72) and greater perceived competence (7.79 ± 1.32 vs. 7.12 ± 1.13; p = 0.01; d = 0.54), respectively. We concluded that the U15 soccer players evaluated by their coaches as having high sporting potential presented better results in indicators of tactical skills, motivation, and perceived competence than their low-potential peers.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB), a composição e o volume do substrato, e o tipo de propágulo no enraizamento adventício e na qualidade de mudas de Cordia trichotoma produzidas por miniestaquia. As miniestacas foram avaliadas quanto à percentagem de enraizamento e número e comprimento de raízes aos 30 e 60 dias de cultivo. Já as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do colo aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de cultivo. O índice de qualidade de Dickson, o número de folhas, e a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes também foram determinados aos 120 dias de cultivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, em casa de vegetação, tendo-se avaliado diferentes concentrações de AIB, composição e volume do substrato, e tipo de propágulo no enraizamento adventício. As mudas de C. trichotoma podem ser produzidas com qualidade e enraizamento adequado a partir de miniestacas de uma ou duas gemas ou de múltiplas gemas (apicais) quando tratadas com 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB e plantadas em tubetes de 110 cm3 contendo igual proporção de substrato comercial e vermiculita.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentration, substrate composition and volume, and propagule type on the adventitious rooting and quality of Cordia trichotoma plantlets produced by mini-cuttings. Mini-cuttings were evaluated for rooting percentage and root number and length at 30 and 60 days of cultivation. Plantlets were evaluated for shoot height and stem diameter at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of cultivation. The Dickson quality index, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots were also determined at 120 days of cultivation. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with six replicates, in a greenhouse, evaluating different concentrations of IBA, substrate composition and volume, and propagule type for adventitious rooting. Plantlets of C. trichotoma can be produced with quality and proper rooting from mini-cuttings with one or two buds or multiple buds (apical) when treated with 3,000 mg L-1 IBA and planted in 110 cm3 tubes containing equal proportions of substrate and vermiculite.

RESUMO A identificação de talentos esportivos no basquetebol brasileiro carece de sistematização. O objetivo foi criar um modelo matemático de avaliação do potencial esportivo de jovens basquetebolistas e testar suas propriedades psicométricas. 178 jovens atletas do sexo masculino (12 a 17 anos; nível competitivo regional/estadual) foram submetidos a uma bateria de testes multidimensional e avaliados pelos seus treinadores (aspectos intangíveis do potencial esportivo e expectativa de sucesso futuro). Foram calculados escores Z e percentis. Através de procedimentos analíticos e heurísticos, criou-se o Gold Score Basketball, um índice híbrido (testes + olhar do treinador) e ponderado para estimativa do potencial esportivo com 26 indicadores objetivos e 2 indicadores subjetivos. O modelo classificou 5,1% dos atletas como potencial de excelência (Gold Score> 90). A consistência interna foi moderada (r= 0,59) e a estabilidade do diagnóstico foi elevada (r= 0,82). Atletas com maior nível competitivo (62,9± 14,4 vs. 50,7± 15,6, p< 0,001; validade de construto) e que venceram campeonatos estaduais/nacionais (64,3± 15,4 vs. 52,1± 15,6, p< 0,001; validade de critério) apresentaram maior Gold Score. Conclui-se que o Gold Score Basketball é um modelo científico válido e fidedigno de avaliação do potencial esportivo de jovens basquetebolistas, sendo útil na identificação de talentos esportivos.

ABSTRACT Talent identification in Brazilian basketball lacks systematization. The present study aimed to create a mathematical model to assess the sport's potential of young basketball players and test its psychometric properties. One hundred seventy-eight young male players (12 to 17 years old; regional/state competitive level) underwent a multidimensional battery of tests and were evaluated by their coaches (intangibles aspects of sporting potential and expectation of future success. Z scores and percentiles were calculated). The Gold Score Basketball was created through analytical and heuristic procedures, a hybrid (tests + coaches’ eye) and a weighted index for estimating sporting potential with 26 quantitative and 2 qualitative indicators. The model classified 5.1% of athletes as excellence potential (Gold Score> 90). Internal consistency was moderate (r= 0.59) and diagnostic stability was high (r= 0.82). Players with higher competitive level (62.9± 14.4 vs 50.7± 15.6, p< 0.001; construct validity) and players who won state/national championships (64.3± 15.4 vs 52.1± 15.6, p< 0.001; criterion validity) had higher Gold Score. In conclusion, Gold Score Basketball is a valid and reliable scientific model for assessing the sporting potential of young male basketball players, being useful in identifying sporting talents.

RESUMO O interesse da comunidade científica sobre as habilidades táticas de praticantes de esportes coletivos de invasão tem gerado a necessidade para o desenvolvimento de instrumentos capazes de mensurar tais habilidade. Na tentativa de contribuir nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir e analisar as propriedades psicométricas (validade confirmatória e fidedignidade) do Tactical Skills Inventory For Sports para a língua portuguesa do Brasil em jovens basquetebolistas. Participaram do estudo 866 basquetebolistas brasileiros com média de idade 15,83± 1,25 anos. Foi produzida a versão brasileira do Tactical Skills Inventory For Sports. Foi realizado o alfa de Cronbach e a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Os valores de alfa de Cronbach apresentaram índices elevados para três dimensões do Tactical Skills Inventory For Sports e no somatório dos itens o alfa de Cronbach foi igual a 0,91. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória apresentaram valores: rácio do valor do qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade= 3,120; Confirmatory Fit Index= 0,925; Tucker-Lewis index= 0,914; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual= 0,039; Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation= 0,050 (90%IC= 0,045–0,054). Os resultados obtidos permitiram considerar que a versão brasileira do Tactical Skills Inventory For Sports, com 22 itens, constitui um questionário válido e fidedigno, para a utilização em jovens basquetebolistas brasileiros.

ABSTRACT The interest of the scientific community in the tactical skills of practitioners of collective invasion sports has generated the need for the development of instruments capable of measuring such skills in an attempt to contribute in this direction. The present study aimed to translate and analyse the psychometric properties (confirmatory validity and reliability) of the Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports into the Portuguese language in young Brazilian basketball players. A total of 866 basketball players with a mean age of 15.83± 1.25 years participated in the study. The Brazilian version of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports was produced. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated, and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed. The Cronbach’s alpha presented high indexes for 3 dimensions of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports, and the sum of the items the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.91. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis presented values= 3.120; Confirmatory Fit Index= 0.925; Tucker-Lewis index= 0.914; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual= 0.039; Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation= 0.050 (90% CI= 0.045–0.054). The obtained results allow us to consider the adapted Brazilian version of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports, with 22 items, a robust and valid questionnaire, for use in young Brazilian basketball players.

RESUMO Neste trabalho o objetivo foi caracterizar e estudar o comportamento tecnológico de dois tipos de argilas oriundas da região de São Miguel do Guamá-Pará (norte do Brasil) a partir de formulação argilosa. Foram testadas formulações compostas pela mistura e sem mistura de Argila Forte e Fraca. As matérias-primas foram submetidas a ensaios de DRX, FRX e MEV e peneiramento e sedimentação. Elaborou-se corpos de prova dos quais foram prensados uniaxialmente em matriz retangular metálica. As propriedades físicas e tecnológicas determinadas foram: Absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente, retração linear de queima e resistência à flexão em três pontos. A microestrutura das cerâmicas foi avaliada por MEV e DRX. Os resultados indicaram que as argilas possuem características favoráveis para produção de blocos de vedação, mostrando que a melhor composição ficou com a mistura de 70% de argila fraca mais 30% de argila forte (M4).

ABSTRACT This work was developed to study the behavior of two types of clays from São Miguel do Guamá-Pará region (northern Brazil) from a series of clay. Mixed and unmixed formulations of Strong and Weak Clay were tested. The raw materials were subjected to XRD, XFR, SEM and screening and sedimentation tests. It was elaborated the test components were pressed uniaxially in rectangular metal matrix. Physical and systematic properties were: Water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent mass production, linear firing shrinkage and flexural strength at three points. The microstructure of the ceramics was evaluated by SEM and XRD. The values presented as clays have favorable characteristics for the production of sealing blocks, showing that the best combination was a 30% strong clay (M4) mixture.

TiO2 nanorods present good performance as catalysts in the sorption behavior of magnesium hydride. In the present study, the morphology of TiO2 nanorods produced from titanate nanotubes heat-treated at 550 °C (NR550), 650 °C (NR650) and 750 °C (NR750) was characterized and their catalytic role on the sorption kinetics of MgH2 was evaluated. For this, ball-milled MgH2-TiO2 nanocomposites with 5 wt% of additives were prepared and the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The hydrogen sorption kinetics of the composites were evaluated in a Sievert’s apparatus at 350 °C. The results indicated that NR550 and NR650 consisted of a mixture of nanorods and nanoparticles and NR750 of coarser nanoparticles of TiO2-anatase with a small amount of rutile. Composites with NR750 and NR550 presented the best sorption kinetics, suggesting the positive effect of the presence of rutile and of anatase nanorods, respectively, on the sorption properties of the material.

In this paper, a composition of known high glass-forming ability, Cu42Zr42Al8Ag8 and a novel Cu42Zr42Al8Ag4Sn4, were produced by suction-casting. After rapid solidification of both alloys, X-ray diffraction patterns along with crystallite size estimation by Scherrer equation and scanning electron microscopy images revealed a refined microstructure, composed mainly by AlCu2Zr, CuZr2 and Cu10Zr7 phases. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the presence of small crystalline precipitates in the Cu42Zr42Al8Ag4Sn4 suction-casted sample. Polarization curves showed a higher passivation current in the Sn containing sample, suggesting a decrease in corrosion resistance.

The hydrogen interaction in palladium alloys with addition of Ce, Zr and Y was studied. These alloys are produced by arc-melting and then cold rolled into thin foils. Heat treatment at 800ºC for 24h in air atmosphere is applied to induce internal oxidation. Hydrogen permeation tests and TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) are carried out to evaluate hydrogen interaction with three different microstructures which can be characterized by dislocations, substitutional atoms and nanoxides. For alloys argon annealed, Ce is the element that delays the most hydrogen diffusion, followed by Zr and Y. However alloys with yttrium nanoxides exhibit the highest solubility and the smallest diffusivity due to their small size, spherical shape and dispersion throughout the matrix. Analyzing TDS curves, it is shown that nanoxides are irreversible traps that improve hydrogen stored on palladium alloys. Dislocations and impurity atom on solid solution have little binding energy that detraps hydrogen at smaller temperatures.

Studies show that the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as hydrogen diffusion channels, when used with magnesium hydride. The hydrogen sorption study, of a MgH2 and 5wt% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes mixture, was the main purpose of this work. The samples were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and also studied in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The carbon nanotubes, that were ball milled during 20 min to the MgH2, were observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The mixture of MgH2-CNT turned out to enhance the hydrogen sorption when compared to pure MgH2 and in 5 min it desorbed around 5 wt% of hydrogen, at 350oC and 0.1 bar.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and hydride formation and their effect on the mechanical properties in Zr-1Nb and Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe alloys, which were thermomechanically processed and gaseously hydrided at 320ºC under 10 bar hydrogen pressure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of α-Zr matrix after final heat treatment. The alloys absorbed almost the same amount of hydrogen, although with different kinetics. Absorption began almost immediately in Zr-1Nb alloy whilst in Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe hydrogen absorption started after 11 h besides a faster hydrogen kinetics. Results showed that tensile strengths for both alloys were nearly independent of absorbed hydrogen. Fractographic examinations indicated ductile fractures for unhydrided condition whereas quasi-cleavage features were observed for all hydrided specimens.

RESUMO Neste artigo, estamos apresentando os resultados de um estudo sobre a influência de efeitos hidrodinâmicos sobre os potenciais superficiais da membrana do eritrócito, comparando dois modelos diferentes formulados para simular o movimento eletroforético de uma célula biológica: o modelo clássico de Helmholtz-Smoluchowski e um modelo apresentado por Hsu et al. (1996). Este modelo considera efeitos hidrodinâmicos para descrever a distribuição da velocidade do fluido. A equação do potencial eletrônico foi obtida da equação não linear de Poisson-Boltzmann, considerando a distribuição espacial das cargas elétricas fixas no glicocálix e nas proteínas citoplasmáticas, assim como as cargas eletrolíticas e as fixas nas superfícies da bicamada. Nossos resultados mostram que o modelo de Helmholtz-Smoluchowski não é capaz de refletir as forças reais responsáveis pelo comportamento eletroforético de células, pois este não leva em conta os efeitos hidrodinâmicos do glicocálix. Esta rede carregada que cobre a superfície celular constitui um sistema físico complexo cujas características eletromecânicas que não podem ser desprezadas. Assim, corroborando a hipótese de outros autores, sugerimos que, em análises de movimento eletroforético de células, o modelo clássico representa um caso limite de modelos que levam em conta os efeitos hidrodinâmicos para descrever a distribuição de velocidade do fluido.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the results of a study on the influence of hydrodynamic effects on the surface potentials of the erythrocyte membrane, comparing two different models formulated to simulate the electrophoretic movement of a biological cell: the classical Helmholtz-Smoluchowski model and a model presented by Hsu et al. (1996). This model considers hydrodynamic effects to describe the distribution of the fluid velocity. The electric potential equation was obtained from the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, considering the spatial distribution of electrical charges fixed in glycocalyx and cytoplasmic proteins, as well as electrolyte charges and ones fixed on the surfaces of lipidic bilayer. Our results show that the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski model is not able to reflect the real forces responsible to the electrophoretic behavior of cell, because it does not take account the hydrodynamic effects of glycocalyx. This charged network that covers cellular surface constitutes a complex physical system whose electromechanical characteristics cannot be neglected. Then, supporting the hypothesis of other authors, we suggest that, in electrophoretic motion analyses of cells, the classical model represents a limiting case of models that take into account hydrodynamic effects to describe the velocity distribution of fluid.