ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem. Uric acid seems to have a relationship with chronic kidney disease, but its role is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive and/or diabetic patients in a Basic Family Health Unit and to evaluate the association of uric acid levels with chronic kidney disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 adults with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus followed-up in a Basic Family Health Unit between 2019 and 2020. Demographic, clinical, behavioural and biochemical data were collected through the review of medical records. The exposure of interest was the uric acid and the outcome was chronic kidney disease. For the association of uric acid and chronic kidney disease, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the sample was 17% (95% CI = 12.1-23.3). After adjustment analysis for age, sex, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, antihypertensive and lipidlowering drugs, there was a positive association (ORa = 1.65 (95%CI = 1.11-2.45), p = 0.013) between uric acid and chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The increase in uric acid in 1 mg/dL was associated with a 1.6 times higher chance of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive and/or diabetic population.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipopotasemia es un trastorno hidroelectrolítico frecuente, asociado a enfermedades sistémicas y multifactoriales, cuya forma aguda puede complicarse y causar la muerte, pero en su presentación crónica puede ser un marcador de nefropatía. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil del paciente con hipopotasemia no medicamentosa atendidos de emergencia. Métodos: Se revisaron los registros de pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de hipopotasemia, ingresados en el hospital en el período de junio 2018 a diciembre de 2019. Se colectaron datos demográficos, antecedentes médicos y evolución postratamiento. Se comparó con 108 pacientes sin hipopotasemia atendidos en el período de estudio. Resultados: Se encontraron 87 casos con edad media de 38,5 años. El 90,8 % eran hombres menores de 50 años, de oficio agricultor (29,9 %), con historia de exposición a plaguicidas y a altas temperaturas ambientales. La mayoría de ellos no tenía historia de enfermedad cardiometabólicas o renal previa. El 48,3 % de todos los pacientes con hipopotasemia (n = 42) tenía creatinina mayor a 1,2 mg/dL y 63 % tenía hiponatremia. La hipopotasemia fue moderada en 39 % y severa en 12 %, los hombres 4,7 veces más afectados que las mujeres. Respecto al grupo sin hipopotasemia y creatinina anormal, tenían mayor frecuencia de enfermedad crónica (92,5 % versus 8 %). Conclusiones: Se encontró hipopotasemia no medicamentosa en varones agricultores, sin enfermedad crónica, pero con datos de nefropatía temprana e hiponatremia, se sugirió la posibilidad de nefropatía mesoamericana. Debe establecerse una alerta epidemiológica regional y un programa de prevención y control.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypokalemia is a frequent hydroelectrolytic disorder, associated with systemic and multifactorial diseases, whose acute form can be complicated and cause death, but in its chronic presentation it can be a marker of nephropathy. Objective: To characterize the profile of the patient with non-drug hypokalemia seen in an emergency. Methods: The records of patients older than 18 years diagnosed with hypokalemia, admitted to the hospital from June 2018 to December 2019, were reviewed. Demographic data, medical history, and post-treatment evolution were collected. It was compared with 108 patients without hypokalemia seen in the same period. Results: 87 cases with mean age of 38.5 years were studied. 90.8% were men under 50 years of age, who worked as farmers (29.9%), with history of exposure to pesticides and high ambient temperatures. Most of them had no history of previous cardiometabolic or renal disease. 48.3% of all patients with hypokalemia (n = 42) had creatinine higher than 1.2 mg/dL and 63% had hyponatremia. Hypokalemia was moderate in 39% and severe in 12%, and it was found that men were affected 4.7 times more than women. Regarding the group without hypokalemia and abnormal creatinine, they had higher frequency of chronic disease (92.5% versus 8%). Conclusions: Non-drug hypokalemia was found in male farmers, without chronic disease, but with evidence of early nephropathy and hyponatremia. The possibility of Mesoamerican nephropathy was suggested. A regional epidemiological alert and a prevention and control program should be established.

ABSTRACT The paper evaluates the influence of size series, percentage of censored data, and coefficients of variation used to generate synthetic series on the estimation of means, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, and medians in series with censored data. Seven techniques were applied to treat censored data in synthetic series with 180 scenarios (four size series, nine censoring percentages and five coefficients of variation): values proportional to the DL: zero, DL/2, DL/20.5 and DL - and parametric (MLE), robust (ROS) and Kaplan-Meier methods. Predictions were analyzed with four performance metrics (MPE, MAPE, KGE, and RMSE). It is found that the percentage of censored data and the coefficient of variation significantly alter forecast quality. It is also found that substitution by DL/2, by DL/20.5 and ROS are the most appropriate techniques for estimating the variables described, emphasizing ROS when estimating parametric variables and substitution by DL/20.5 for medians.

RESUMO O artigo avalia a influência do tamanho das séries, do percentual de dados censurados e dos coeficientes de variação utilizados para gerar séries sintéticas na estimativa de médias, desvios-padrão, coeficientes de variação e medianas em séries com dados censurados. Foram aplicadas sete técnicas de tratamento de dados censurados em séries sintéticas em 180 cenários (quatro tamanhos de séries, nove percentuais de censura e cinco coeficientes de variação): valores proporcionais ao DL: zero, DL/2, DL/20.5 e DL - e métodos paramétrico (MLE), robustos (ROS) e Kaplan-Meier. As previsões foram analisadas com quatro métricas de desempenho (MPE, MAPE, KGE e RMSE). Verificou-se que o percentual de dados censurados e o coeficiente de variação alteram significativamente a qualidade das previsões. Verificou-se também que a substituição por DL/2, por DL/20.5 e ROS são as técnicas mais adequadas para estimar as variáveis descritas, destacando-se a ROS para estimar variáveis paramétricas e a substituição por DL/20.5 para medianas.

Abstract Introduction: Adequate and continuous airway management by health professionals is fundamental to ensure patient safety and protection. Among several techniques, laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation is considered a basic skill, so it is taught and learned in medical school and used during the future years of professional practice. However, in some clinical scenarios, physical and anatomical characteristics can make laryngoscopy exceedingly difficult. In the last decade, some new devices have emerged to apply indirect or video-assisted imaging systems, so-called videolaryngoscopes. They have shown great efficiency in difficult intubation cases and have improved teaching and training. Our study introduced a videolaryngoscope, the McGrathTM MAC, in the regular laryngoscopy training rotation for 3rd-year undergraduate medical students and evaluated whether there was any associated optimization of the students’ performance. Method: Students from two different classes and years (2017 and 2018) were randomly divided into two groups and received theoretical and practical training in the techniques of Direct Laryngoscopy (DL) and Videolaryngoscopy (VL). The students in each group applied the manoeuvres and simulated three tracheal intubation attempts on mannequins. They were evaluated for their success rate on the first attempt, the time required to finalize the intubation, and the visualization of the glottic structures according to the classification of Cormack-Lehane (C&L). Results: Two hundred and four students with an average age of 21 ± 2 years participated in the study; the groups were similar. There was a significant difference between the VL and DL groups in the 1st attempt success rate (97% and 89.4%, respectively, p = 0.0497 - 95% CI), but such a difference was not seen for the other attempts or regarding the number of oesophageal intubations (3% and 7.7%). The students in the VL group were faster than those in the DL group in all intubation attempts; in parallel, the vast majority of the VL group reported excellent visualization conditions, with 75% of the attempts classified as Cormack-Lehane grade 1. Conclusion: The introduction of a videolaryngoscope in medical students’ training improved the visualization of anatomical structures and allowed tracheal intubation maneuvers to be performed faster and with a higher success rate on the first attempt. Thus, under the conditions of this prospective study, the videolaryngoscope had a positive impact on training and proved to be a promising tool for teaching laryngoscopy.

Summary Objective: To identify instruments for evaluation of peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy that can be translated or adapted to monitor this adverse drug reaction in patients with multiple myeloma. Method: Narrative review, conducted between July 2018 and may 2019. Articles published in English and Portuguese were eligible between June2007 and January 2019, available in full in a free manner or in periodicals of the CAPES Coordination Portal for Improvement of Level Personnel Higher. Animal studies, monographs, guidelines, theses, clinical cases and non-health studies were excluded. Results: Five instruments were identified:Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire;Funcional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologyc Group – Neurotoxicity;Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral NeuropathyAssessment Tool; Funcional AssessmentCancer Therapy/Taxane; Indicationfor Common Toxicity Criteria – Grading ofPeripheral Neuropathy Questionnaire (ICPNQ). After analyzing each tool presented,the ICPNQ proved to be valid andapplicable in clinical practice, however, itis in the English language. Conclusion: The translation and validation of the ICPNQ instrument into Portuguese would allow its incorporation into clinical practice in the monitoring of peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar instrumentos de avaliação da neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia que possam ser traduzidos ou adaptados para monitoramento dessa reação adversa a medicamentos em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo. Método: Revisão narrativa, realizada entre julho de 2018 a maio de 2019. Foram elegíveis artigos publicados em inglês e português, entre junho de 2007 a janeiro de 2019, disponíveis na íntegra de maneira livre ou em periódicos do Portal da CAPES Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Foram excluídos estudos com animais, monografias, guidelines, teses, casos clínicos e estudos que não da área de saúde. Resultados: Foram identificados cinco instrumentos: Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire; Funcional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/ Gynecologyc Group – Neurotoxicity; Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool; Funcional Assessment Cancer Therapy/Taxane; Indication for Common Toxicity Criteria – Grading of Peripheral Neuropathy Questionnaire (ICPNQ). Após análise de cada ferramenta apresentada, o ICPNQ se mostrou válido e aplicável na prática clínica, porém, encontra-se em língua inglesa. Conclusão: A tradução e validação do instrumento ICPNQpara o português, possibilitaria sua incorporação à práticaclínica no monitoramento da neuropatia periférica induzidapor quimioterapia em pacientes com Mieloma Múltiplo.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars using CBCT images. A total of 2,400 mandibular molars exams were selected from 600 patients aged between 18 and 75 years. The number of roots, number of root canals, and root canal configuration according to the Vertucci classification were verified. Overall, 94.92% of mandibular first molars and 90.17% of mandibular second molars had two separate roots. Among the biradicular molars, the first molars showed a greater incidence of type IV canals in the mesial root and type I in the distal root. In the second molars, the most common canal form was type IV in the mesial root and type I in the distal root. In the triradicular molars, the type IV and type I configurations were the most common in the mesial root of the first molar and second molar, respectively. In both triradicular molars, there was a prevalence of type I canal in the distal and DL roots. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 0.05. The number of roots was correlated with gender (Spearman test), and the canal's configuration with gender and bilaterality (Wilcoxon test). The subpopulation studied has a high incidence of bilateral symmetry and mandibular molars with two roots with two distinct mesial canals and one distal canal. The bilateral configuration is possible to estimate the number of canals, especially in images that are difficult to visualize, such as atresic canals.

Abstract Faced with the increase of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) and the failure in treatment, questions have been raised about the clinical situation of these patients. The present study analyzes the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in DM2 patients. Data were collected through interviews and anamnesis of 16 participants. After the meetings, in which capillary glycemia and blood pressure were measured, the participants received guidance about glycemic monitoring, blood pressure control and changes in lifestyle. Approximately 75% of the participants were women with average age of 65 years, 87.5% were sedentary, 18.75% smoked and/or used alcoholic beverages and none performed regular blood glucose monitoring. The initial blood glucose average was 148 mg/ dL and finally decreased to 133 mg/dL. There was no significant difference in blood pressure levels. Regarding the body mass index, 89.4% of the patients were above normal standards and 100% had altered waist circumference values. There is a need for studies like this in order to promote educational practices for health and disease control, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary teams and the pharmaceutical professional, since non-adherence to blood glucose monitoring, also associated with hypertension and obesity, can interfere with the individual’s clinical condition.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different exogenous protease and carbohydrase in broiler diets on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of soybean meals (SBM) in two Brazilian regions (Minas Gerais-MG and Rio Grande do Sul-RS). The total excreta collection of 528 14-d-old chicks was used to determine AMEn in a completely randomized design in a 2 (SBM MG and RS) x 5 (enzyme A, B, C, D and basal diet) + 1 (reference diet, RD) factorial arrangement, totaling 11 treatments, 8 repetitions, and 6 birds per experimental unit. Two experimental treatments (T1 and T6) without enzyme supplementation formulated with SBM MG and RS were used as negative control (NC). The RD without the inclusion of SBM MG and RS was used to correct the nitrogen balance. To determine the SIAAD, ileal content was collected from of broilers and the same experimental design and treatments of the previous trial were used except for the RD, which was replaced with a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) to quantify the excretion of endogenous amino acids. Soybean meal from MG showed the highest levels (p<0.05) of AME and AMEn (3,188 kcal/kg and 2,700 kcal/kg, respectively) in comparison to SBM RS (3,121 kcal/kg and 2,549 kcal/kg, respectively) and, when supplemented with the exogenous enzyme C, also improved the SIAAD (p<0.05), as compared to other enzymes.

Abstract Background Considering the magnitude of systemic hypertension (SH) and its complications, as well as the importance of regular physical activity in its prevention and/or treatment, there is a necessity to identify the factors associated with insufficient practice of physical activity. Objective To analyze factors associated with insufficient physical activity in hypertensive patients treated at Primary Health Care (PHC). Method This cross-sectional study was performed with a random sample of 305 hypertensive patients in three PHC units in São Luis, state of Maranhão, Brazil. A bivariate analysis was performed with estimates of prevalence ratios and confidence intervals, and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. Results Insufficient physical activity was observed in 38.7% of the sample. Insufficient physical activity was associated with having <8 years of formal education (prevalence ratio–PR=1.58; 95% confidence interval-CI=1.04–2.39), total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL (PR=0.78; 95% CI=0.58–1.04), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL ≥100 mg/dL (PR=0.79; 95% CI=0.53–0.95), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL <40 mg/dL among men and <50 mg/dL among women (PR=1.21; 95% CI=0.90–1.64). Length of education <8 years (PR=1.50; 95% CI=0.99–2.29) and LDL ≥100 mg/dL (PR=0.72;95% CI=0.54–0.96) were also associated in the multivariate regression. Conclusion High prevalence of insufficient physical activity and its association with low education level and altered LDL serum levels were observed in hypertensive patients.

Resumo Introdução Considerando-se a magnitude da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e suas complicações, assim como a importância da atividade física regular na sua prevenção e/ou tratamento, é necessário identificar os fatores associados à prática de atividade física insuficiente. Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados à atividade física insuficiente em hipertensos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde. Método Estudo transversal realizado com amostra aleatória de 305 hipertensos em três unidades de saúde de São Luís (MA). Foi realizada análise bivariada, com estimativas de razões de prevalência, intervalos de confiança e análise multivariada por regressão de Poisson. Resultados A atividade física insuficiente foi observada em 38,7% da amostra. Atividade física insuficiente foi associada a menos de 8 anos de educação formal (razão de prevalência - RP = 1,58; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC = 1,04–2,39), colesterol total ≥200 mg/dL (RP = 0,78; IC 95% = 0,58 -1,04), lipoproteína de baixa densidade colesterol-LDLc ≥100 mg/dL (RP = 0,79; IC 95% = 0,53-0,95) e lipoproteína de alta densidade colesterol-HDLc <40 mg / dL entre homens e <50 mg/dL entre mulheres (RP = 1,21; IC 95% = 0,90-1,64). A escolaridade <8 anos (RP = 1,50; IC 95% = 0,99–2,29) e LDLc ≥100 mg/dL (RP = 0,72; IC 95% = 0,54–0,96) também estiveram associados na regressão multivariada. Conclusão Observou-se alta prevalência de atividade física insuficiente e sua associação com baixa escolaridade e LDLc alterado em hipertensos.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this work was to describe the physical, cytological and biochemical characteristics, as well as to classify the pleural fluids of patients with COVID-19 as exudates or transudates. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Data was collected from the cytochemical examination of pleural fluid samples processed between the months of April to September 2020, in the laboratory of the Emergency Center of Metropolitan Lima (CELIM). Results: During the study period, a total of 81 samples of pleural fluid from patients with COVID-19 were evaluated, of these, 26 met our eligibility criteria. Fourteen liquids (54%) had a red color and 18 (69%) had a cloudy appearance. Exudative pleural fluids were the majority (n = 17), total proteins presented a mean of 3.3 g / dl (SD: 1.5), LDH a median of 544 U / L (IQR: 262-2016), the leukocyte count had a median of 610 leukocytes / ul (IQR: 180-968) and the differential polymorphonuclear count a median 29% (IQR: 15-60). Regarding the clinical characteristics, of the total exudates, 41% corresponded to neoplasms and 23% to pneumonia. While, of the total transudates (n = 9), 45% came from patients with neoplasms. Conclusions: In our study we observed that most of the pleural fluid samples from patients with COVID-19 were classified as exudates. These presented a low differential leukocyte percentage of polymorphonuclear cells. The values of the biochemical parameters such as total proteins and LDH were adequately related to the classification of exudates.

RESUMEN Objetivos: El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito describir las características físicas, citológicas y bioquímicas, así como clasificar los líquidos pleurales de pacientes con COVID-19 como exudados o trasudados. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal descriptivo. Se recopiló datos del examen citoquímico de muestras de líquido pleural procesadas entre los meses de abril a setiembre del 2020, en el laboratorio del Centro de Emergencias de Lima Metropolitana (CELIM). Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio un total de 81 muestras de líquido pleural de pacientes con COVID-19 fueron evaluadas, de estos, 26 cumplieron con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad. Catorce líquidos (54%), tuvieron un color rojo y 18 (69%) tuvieron un aspecto turbio. Los líquidos pleurales exudativos fueron la mayoría (n = 17), las proteínas totales presentaron una media de 3.3 gr/dl (DE: 1.5), LDH una mediana de 544 U/L (RIC: 262-2016), el recuento leucocitario tuvo una mediana de 610 leucocitos/ul (RIC: 180-968) y el recuento diferencial de polimorfonucleares una mediana 29% (RIC: 15-60). En cuanto a las características clínicas, del total de exudados el 41% correspondían a neoplasias y el 23% a neumonías. Mientras que, del total de trasudados (n=9), 45% provenían de pacientes con neoplasias. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio observamos que la mayoría de las muestras de líquido pleural de pacientes con COVID-19 fueron clasificadas como exudados. Estas presentaron un bajo porcentaje diferencial leucocitario de polimorfonucleares. Los valores de los parámetros bioquímicos tales como proteínas totales y LDH se relacionaron adecuadamente con la clasificación de exudados.

Resumo: Introdução: Com a interrupção das atividades educacionais das universidades por causa da pandemia da Covid-19, formas de ensino virtuais, como a educação remota (ER), passaram a ser debatidas no meio acadêmico. No entanto, faz-se necessária uma avaliação criteriosa da ER antes de sua aplicação visando à qualidade do ensino. Objetivo: Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade da implantação da ER para discentes de um curso de Medicina. Método: Aplicou-se um formulário on-line no qual constavam questões sobre aspectos demográficos e socioeconômicos, sobre acesso às tecnologias digitais e uma pergunta subjetiva relacionada ao uso da ER. Os dados quantitativos foram comparados pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney com p < 0,05. Analisaram-se os dados qualitativos por meio do método de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, e houve ainda uma análise pós-fatorial. Resultados: O perfil socioeconômico de 266 participantes foi variado, sendo a maioria dos discentes brasileiros do sexo masculino, adultos jovens, cor da pele parda e renda familiar média elevada. Todos relataram ter acesso à energia elétrica, mas não à água encanada, à coleta pública de lixo e ao esgotamento sanitário. Todos possuíam pelo menos um equipamento eletrônico para acesso à internet, mas com variação no tipo e na velocidade da conexão. Um total de 80,8% dos discentes avaliou como viável a implantação da ER para o seguimento do curso. No entanto, 8,65% dos discentes afirmaram que os equipamentos e a internet disponíveis não permitiriam o acompanhamento das atividades on-line. Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre a velocidade de acesso à internet e a renda familiar média, a cor da pele e o local da residência (p < 0,05), bem como entre possuir equipamentos adequados à ER e a renda familiar média (p < 0,05). A análise da pergunta objetiva revelou seis categorias: a necessidade de organização dos procedimentos e o anseio pela volta à normalidade; custos e benefícios da ER; planejamento e garantia da acessibilidade de todos os estudantes à internet de qualidade; acreditar que a realização da ER não é a solução para o problema; capacitação de professores e acadêmicos para o uso das plataformas digitais; e o querer realizar a ER; surgindo uma variedade de opiniões, visões e realidades pelos discentes. Conclusão: Apenas o seguimento da ER, sem garantia de acesso para todos os discentes, é insuficiente e necessita da intervenção dos gestores para não haver prejuízo na aprendizagem daqueles menos favorecidos.

Abstract: Introduction: With the interruption of University teaching activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various virtual learning strategies, such as Distance Learning (DL), have be discussed in the academic environment. However, before applying such strategies, a careful evaluation is required in order to ensure high quality learning. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing DL for students at a medical school. Method: An online form was applied containing a demographic questionnaire, socioeconomic questionnaire, a questionnaire on access to digital technologies and a subjective question related to the use of DL. Quantitative data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney test, with p<0.05. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Descending Hierarchical Classification method and post-factorial analysis. Results: The socioeconomic profile of 266 participants was varied, with most of the students being young adults, Brazilian and male with brown skin color and a high average family income. All students reported having access to electricity, but not running water, public garbage collection and sanitation. All had at least one electronic equipment for internet access, but with variations in the type and speed of internet connection. 80.8% of the students considered the implementation of DL feasible for following the course. However, 8.65% stated that the equipment and the available internet equipment would not allow them to follow online activities. A significant correlation was observed between internet access speed and the average family income, skin color and the place of residence (p<0.05); as well as between having equipment suitable for DL and the average family income (p<0.05). Analysis of the objective question revealed six categories: the need to organize procedures and the desire to return to normality; DL costs and benefits; planning and ensuring the accessibility of all students to quality internet; to believe that the realization of DL is not the solution to the problem; training teachers and academics to use digital platforms; and wanting to perform the DL; giving rise to a variety of opinions, views and realities from the students. Conclusion: Merely carrying on with DL, without any guaranteed access for all students, is insufficient and requires the intervention of managers to avoid detrimental consequences for the learning of those less favored.

RESUMO Objetivo comparar a competência de cuidadores informais para cuidar de pessoas dependentes submetidas à intervenção educativa de planejamento de alta com e sem acompanhamento no domicílio. Método estudo piloto quase experimental, aleatorizado, simples, com pré e pós-teste, não cego, porém, com avaliação cega dos desfechos, com dois seguimentos de intervenção. Realizado entre outubro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, em Maringá, Brasil, com 21 cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes, aleatorizados ao Grupo Intervenção I e Grupo Intervenção II. O Grupo I foi submetido à intervenção educativa composta por orientações e treinamentos durante o período de internação, com acompanhamento após a alta hospitalar por enfermeiros no domicílio, e os participantes do Grupo II receberam somente orientações no hospital. Para avaliar a diferença no nível de competência utilizou-se o instrumento COPER 14, aplicado nos momentos 0, semana 1 e semana 4, submetendo os resultados à análise de variância. Resultados o Grupo I apresentou mais do que o dobro (escore médio = 8,94) de competência que o Grupo II (escore médio = 3,90), com aumento significativo em praticamente todas as variáveis analisadas. Detectou-se significativo aumento nos ranks de pontuação entre as variáveis: competência cognitiva e comportamental (1,19 - 3,00, p=0,001), psicomotora (1,13 - 3,00, p=0,001) e relacional (1,75 - 2,75, p=0,037) no Grupo I. Conclusão a intervenção educativa dispensada ao Grupo Intervenção I (GI-I) foi eficaz para aumentar a competência de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos RBR-5rzmzf.

ABSTRACT Objective to compare the skill of informal caregivers to care for dependent people undergoing educational planning discharge intervention with and without follow-up at home. Method this is a quasi-experimental, randomized, simple pilot study, with pre and post-test, not blind, however, with blind assessment of the outcomes, with two follow-up interventions. It was carried out between October 2019 and January 2020 in Maringá, Brazil, with 21 informal caregivers of dependent people, randomized to Intervention Group I and Intervention Group II. Group I underwent an educational intervention consisting of guidance and training during the hospitalization period, with follow-up after hospital discharge by nurses at home, and participants in Group II received only guidance at the hospital. To assess the difference in the level of skill, the COPER 14 instrument was used, applied at times 0, week 1 and week 4, submitting the results to analysis of variance. Results group I had more than twice as much (mean score=8.94) of skill as Group II (mean score=3.90), with a significant increase in practically all the variables analyzed. A significant increase in the score ranks was detected between the variables cognitive and behavioral skill (1.19 - 3.00, p=0.001), psychomotor (1.13 - 3.00, p=0.001) and relational (1.75 - 2.75, p=0.037) in Group I. Conclusion the educational intervention given to the Intervention Group I (IG-I) was effective in increasing the skill of informal caregivers of dependent people. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-5rzmzf.

RESUMEN Objetivo comparar la competencia de los cuidadores informales con el cuidado de personas dependientes que se someten a una intervención educativa de planificación del alta con y sin seguimiento en el hogar. Método estudio piloto cuasiexperimental, aleatorizado, simple, con pre y postest, no ciego, sin embargo, con evaluación ciega de resultados, con dos segmentos de intervención. Realizado entre octubre de 2019 y enero de 2020, en Maringá, Brasil, con 21 cuidadores informales de personas dependientes, aleatorizados al Grupo de Intervención I y Grupo de Intervención II. El grupo I se sometió a una intervención educativa consistente en orientación y formación durante el período de internación, con seguimiento tras el alta hospitalaria por enfermeras a domicilio, y los participantes del Grupo II recibieron únicamente orientación en el hospital. Para evaluar la diferencia en el nivel de competencia se utilizó el instrumento COPER 14, aplicado en los tiempos 0, semana 1 y semana 4, sometiendo los resultados a análisis de varianza. Resultados dl Grupo I tenía más del doble (puntuación media=8,94) de competencia que el Grupo II (puntuación media=3,90), con un aumento significativo en prácticamente todas las variables analizadas. Hubo un aumento significativo en los rangos de puntuación entre las variables competencia cognitiva y conductual (1,19 - 3,00, p=0,001), psicomotora (1,13 - 3,00, p=0,001) y relacional (1,75 - 2,75, p=0,037) en el Grupo I. Conclusión la intervención educativa dada al Grupo Intervención I (GI-I) fue efectiva para incrementar la competencia de los cuidadores informales de personas dependientes. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) RBR-5rzmzf.

This work describes the use of experiment planning to investigate the effects of the variables temperature and concentration of the polymer solution on the viscosity test of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For this, the response surface methodology was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to optimize the combinations of the analytical conditions. With the analysis of the standard sample of PET with intrinsic viscosity of 0.630 ± 0.008 dL g-1 and 2-chlorophenol solvent, it was observed that the solution flow temperature and PET concentration caused significant effects on the results, while the storage temperature of the solvent was not statistically significant. With the results and the model developed, an industrial solid state polymerization process of PET was evaluated with simulations of the production of 30 tons of PET, demonstrating the importance of controlling the variables to guarantee the performance in quality control laboratories.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the influence of weight gain on the lipid profile of 135 adolescents between 10 - 14 years at baseline and 15 - 19 years at follow-up, enrolled in public schools in Recife, Brazil. The results showed that a BMI z-score correlated with triglycerides (TG) and with high density trigliceride lipopoteine ratio (TG/HDL-c) in males. In females, high z-score correlated with total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-c). In males, for each unit increase in z-score, TG increased by 14.7 mg/dL and the TG/HDL-c ratio increased by 0.4. Among females, TC increased by 9.4 mg/dL, LDL-c increased by 11.6 mg/dL, non-HDL cholesterol increased by 11.8 mg/dL, and HDL-c decreased by 2.3 mg/dL. In males, excessive weight gain was associated with an increase in TG and TG/HDL-c; in females, it was associated with a higher increase in TG/HDL-c and non-HDL cholesterol. However, z-score variation can be a good predictor of lipid profile changes, even in those that are within the normal range.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del aumento de peso en el perfil lipídico de 135 adolescentes de edades entre 10 y 14 años de edad al inicio del estudio y de 15 a 19 años en el seguimiento. Los adolescentes pertenecían a escuelas públicas de Recife, Brasil. Los resultados mostraron que el alto puntaje z de indice de masa corporase (IMC) correlacionaba con triglicéridos (TG) y con relación de triglicéridos con lipoproteínas de alta densidad (TG/HDL-c) en los hombres. En las mujeres, puntaje z de IMC se correlacionó con CT y lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-c). En los hombres, por cada unidad de aumento en el puntaje z, los TG aumentaron en 14,7 mg/dL y la relación TG / HDL-c aumentó en 0,4; en las mujeres, el CT aumentó en 9,4 mg/dL, el LDL-c aumentó en 11,6 mg/dL, el colesterol no HDL aumentó en 11,8 mg / dL y el HDL-c disminuyó en 2,3 mg/dL. En los hombres, el aumento de peso excesivo se asoció con un aumento de TG y TG/HDL-c; en las mujeres, con un aumento mayor en TG/HDL-c y colesterol no HDL. Sin embargo, la variación z-score puede ser un buen predictor de cambios en el perfil lipídico, incluso en aquellos que se encuentran dentro del rango normal.

RESUMO Introdução: Dificuldades de leitura (DL) e sintomas do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) frequentemente coocorrem em crianças escolares. Métodos: O presente estudo comparou o desempenho em FE “frias” e processamento fonológico de 216 crianças brasileiras de 3ª e 4ª anos, que foram divididas em três grupos: apenas com sintomas de TDAH, apenas em DL e controles. Resultados: As análises de MANOVA, controlando para idade e inteligência não-verbal, indicaram que o grupo com DL apresentou desempenho significativamente inferior ao grupo com sintomas de TDAH nas medidas de processamento fonológico (consciência fonológica, memória verbal de curto prazo e acesso lexical) e em componentes das FE “frias” (fluência verbal ortográfica e velocidade de processamento). O grupo com sintomas de TDAH não se diferiram do grupo controle na maior parte das tarefas de FE “frias”. Ambos os grupos com sintomas de TDAH e DL apresentaram desempenhos significativamente menores (mais erros) em comparação às crianças de desenvolvimento típico na tarefa de Nomeação Seriada Rápida de figuras que avalia o componente de controle inibitório, e o desempenho foi semelhante entre os grupos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que crianças com DL apresentam maior comprometimento em processamento fonológico e FE “frias” em comparação àquelas com sintomas de TDAH e que déficits no controle inibitório podem ser compartilhados entre crianças com ambas as condições.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reading disability (RD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms often co-occur in school-age children. Methods: The present study evaluated the performance of 216 Brazilian children from 3rd and 4th grades on “cool” executive function (EF) abilities and phonological processing. The children were divided into three groups: those with ADHD symptoms only, those with RD only, and controls. Results: MANOVA analyses, controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence, showed worse performance for the RD group, compared to the ADHD symptoms group, on measures of phonological processing (phonemic awareness, phonological short-term memory, and lexical access) and “cool” EF components (orthographic verbal fluency and processing speed). The ADHD symptoms group did not differ from the control group on the majority of the “cool” EF tasks. Compared to the control group, the ADHD symptoms group and the RD group both showed significantly more errors in rapid automatized naming of figures, which evaluates the inhibition component of EF; performance on this task was similar for these groups. Conclusion: We conclude that children with RD have greater impairment in phonological processing and “cool” EF compared to those with ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, deficits in inhibitory control may be shared among children with both conditions.