SUMMARY: In the last decade, forensic odontology has focused on the development of age estimation (AE) methodologies due to the great request in identification processes. Among these techniques, the tooth cementum annulation (TCA) count method has offered promising but also contradictory results, raising questions about its accuracy and reliability. The aim of this work was to characterize, establish the scope, and identify the limitations of the TCA count method according to the current normative and methodological standards. A scoping review was carried out for TCA count methods for AE, including experimental studies and technical notes in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Embase databases. The terms "estimation”, “age” and “cementum” were used, with a complementary manual search in Google Scholar. Reviews, studies in archaeological collections, radiological studies and letters to the editor were excluded. The search yielded a total of 273 articles, selecting 27 of them that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were published in Asia, particularly India (n=21). Only 6 articles declared the total number of individuals, types of teeth, and histological sections, with the premolar being the most studied. Only two articles evaluated the quality of the sample to be analyzed through the legibility of the cuts obtained. The most widely used test to assess the precision of the method was the Pearson correlation coefficient (n=21). These findings expose the high heterogeneity reported in EE methodologies by counting TCA, so there is still no standardized process that covers in all its stages and delivers reliable results following current legal standards for scientific evidence. More control of the detected technical limitations will increase the value as evidence in a legal or forensic identification context.

RESUMEN: En la última década, la odontología forense se ha enfocado en el desarrollo de metodologías para la estimación de edad (EE) debido a la gran demanda en procesos identificatorios. Entre esas técnicas, el conteo de anulaciones del cemento dental (TCA) ha ofrecido resultados promisorios, pero también contradictorios que han generado dudas sobre su precisión y confiabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar, establecer alcances, e identificar las limitaciones del conteo de TCA según los actuales estándares normativos y metodológicos. Se realizó una revisión con búsqueda sistemática del método de conteo de TCA para EE incluyendo estudios experimentales y notas técnicas en las bases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) y Embase. Se emplearon los términos “estimation”, “age” y “cementum”, con búsqueda manual complementaria en Google Scholar. Se excluyeron revisiones, estudios en colecciones arqueológicas, estudios radiológicos y cartas al editor. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 273 artículos, seleccionándose 27 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios fueron publicados en Asia, particularmente en India (n=21). Sólo 6 artículos declararon el número total de individuos, tipos de diente y de cortes histológicos, siendo el premolar el más estudiado. Apenas dos artículos evaluaron la calidad de la muestra a analizar mediante legibilidad de los cortes obtenidos. El test más empleado para evaluar la precisión del método fue el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (n=21). Estos hallazgos exponen la alta heterogeneidad reportada en las metodologías de EE mediante conteo por TCA, por lo que aún no existe un proceso estandarizado que abarque todas sus etapas y entregue resultados confiables siguiendo los estándares jurídicos actuales para la evidencia científica. Un mayor control de las limitaciones técnicas detectadas aumentará el valor como prueba en un contexto identificatorio legal o forense.

Abstract Introduction Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. Objectives The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. Results We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). Conclusion Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.

SUMMARY: High-intensity physical exercises can cause oxidative stress and muscle damage. Several medicinal plants have been used as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The present study evaluated high-intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) associated with Schinus Terebentifholius ethanolic extract (EE) on oxidative parameters and muscle damage in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 04 groups (n=10/group): 1. Control (CG) - animals that did not undergo HIRE and were treated with vehicle (distilled water, orally); 2. Acute exercise (AE) - animals submitted to acute exercise session; 3. Exercise + vehicle (EV) - animals that underwent HIRE and were treated with vehicle and 4. Exercise + extract (EX) animals administered with Schinus terebenthifolius EE (100mg/Kg, orally) and submitted to the exercise session. Schinus terebenthifolius EE showed high in vitro antioxidant activity (13.88 ± 0.36 mg/mL). Before the experimental period, lactate was measured at pre and post moments of AE (p<0.0001) and EX (p<0.0001) groups. After the acute session, the following were evaluated: oxidative stress {malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)}, muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In the in vivo analyses of the EX group compared to AE and EV groups, respectively: hepatic (MDA: p<0.0001 and SH: p=0.0033, in both; FRAP: p=0.0011 and p=0.0047), muscle (MDA, SH and FRAP: p<0.0001, in both; CK: p=0.0001 and p<0.0001; LDH: p<0.0001, in both), serum levels (MDA: p=0.0003, p=0.0012, SH: p=0.0056, p=0.0200, FRAP: p=0.0017 and p=0.0165) were significant. There was no significant difference in ALT and AST markers. It could be concluded that Schinus terebenthifolius EE associated with HIRE attenuated oxidative stress and muscle damage in rats.

RESUMEN: Los ejercicios físicos de alta intensidad pueden causar estrés oxidativo y daño muscular. Varias plantas medicinales se han utilizado como agentes antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios. El presente estudio evaluó el ejercicio de resistencia de alta intensidad (HIRE) asociado con el extracto etanólico (EE) de Schinus terebentifholius sobre los parámetros oxidativos y el daño muscular en ratas Wistar. Los animales se dividieron en 4 grupos (n=10/grupo): 1. Control (GC) - animales que no se sometieron a HIRE y fueron tratados con vehículo (agua destilada, por vía oral); 2. Ejercicio agudo (AE) - animales sometidos a sesión de ejercicio agudo; 3. Ejercicio + vehículo (EV) - animales que se sometieron a HIRE y fueron tratados con vehículo y 4. Ejercicio + extracto (EX) animales administrados con Schinus terebenthifolius EE (100 mg/kg, por vía oral) y sometidos a la sesión de ejercicio. Schinus terebenthifolius EE mostró una alta actividad antioxidante in vitro (13,88 ± 0,36 mg/mL). Antes del período experimental, se midió el lactato en los momentos pre y post de los grupos AE (p<0,0001) y EX (p<0,0001). Tras la sesión aguda, se evaluaron: el estrés oxidativo malondialdehído (MDA), grupos sulfhidrilo (SH) y poder antioxidante reductor férrico (FRAP), daño muscular (creatina quinasa (CK) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)), alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST). En los análisis in vivo del grupo EX frente a los grupos AE y EV, respectivamente: hepático (MDA: p<0,0001 y SH: p=0,0033, en ambos; FRAP: p=0,0011 y p=0,0047), muscular (MDA, SH y FRAP: p<0,0001, en ambos; CK: p=0,0001 y p<0,0001; LDH: p<0,0001, en ambos), niveles séricos (MDA: p=0,0003, p=0,0012, SH: p=0,0056, p=0,0200, FRAP: p=0,0017 y p=0,0165) fueron significativas. No hubo diferencia significativa en los marcadores ALT y AST. Se podría concluir que Schinus terebenthifolius EE asociado con HIRE atenuó el estrés oxidativo y el daño muscular en ratas.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of burnout, global, and by dimension, in resident physicians of Federal University of Piauí, and to identify possible factors associated with the presence of the syndrome. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study. Population: resident physicians in Federal University of Piauí’s medical residency programs (136 individuals). The frequency of burnout was investigated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Sociodemographic variables were evaluated through a questionnaire and their associations with the presence of the syndrome were tested. RESULTS: A total of 67 (49.26%) residents answered the questionnaires. The burnout syndrome frequencies found were global=73.1%; EE=44.8%; DP=64.2%, and PA=47.8%. Statistically significant association was obtained between current year of residency and EE; between having children and PA; between current work routine and DP; and between the use of antidepressant/hypnotic medication and EE. Compared with residency programs, there was a difference in the EE dimension, which was higher among residents in internal medicine residents (88.9%) and pediatrics (83.3%). In the comparative analysis between global burnout levels and all variables evaluated, no associations were found. CONCLUSION: Burnout syndrome was found in the majority of participating residents. There was an association between sociodemographic variables and the presence of isolated burnout dimensions, but not between sociodemographic variables and global burnout.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a constituição da temática da Ambientalização nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) a partir dos caminhos construídos e trilhados pelos pesquisadores em Educação Ambiental (EA) em teses e dissertações entre 1981 e 2018. A partir do desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa do tipo 'estado da arte', foi feita a análise de 40 teses e dissertações em EA defendidas no País no período de 1981 e 2018. A partir das análises realizadas, observou-se que as diferentes iniciativas desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas, como a realização de eventos científicos, desenvolvimento de projetos institucionais e articulação de pesquisadores em redes universitárias, têm fomentado e promovido um movimento de convergência dos pesquisadores da EA em torno dessa temática. O interesse desses agentes no campo da EA tem se dado no sentido de discutir, desenvolver ou orientar pesquisas relativas à temática da Ambientalização nas IES.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the constitution of the theme of Greening Higher Education based on the paths that have been created and followed by researchers in Environmental Education (EE), in theses and dissertations in EE defended between 1981 and 2018. Following the development of 'state-of-art' type of research, the analysis was carried out of forty theses and dissertations in EE defended in the country. Following the analysis, it was observed that the different initiatives developed in recent decades, such as the holding of scientific events, the development of institutional projects, and the articulation of researchers in university networks have fostered and promoted a movement of convergence of EE researchers around this topic. The interest of these agents in the field of EE has been in the sense of discussing, developing or guiding research related to the theme of Greening Higher Education.

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou obter proteases aspárticas de interesse industrial e biotecnológico a partir do estômago do peixe xaréu (Caranx hippos). Para isso, foi obtido um extrato bruto do estômago, o qual foi submetido a uma purificação parcial por salting-out onde se obteve o extrato enzimático (EE). As proteases do EE foram caracterizadas físico-quimicamente e através de zimograma. Além disso, o efeito de agentes químicos sobre sua atividade também foi avaliado. Através de salting-out foi possível obter uma purificação de 1,6 vezes com rendimento de 49,4%. Foram observadas duas proteases ácidas presentes no EE através de zimograma. A temperatura ótima e a estabilidade térmica para as proteases ácidas do EE foram de 55 ºC e 45 °C, respectivamente. O pH ótimo e a estabilidade ao pH encontrados para estas enzimas foram o pH 1,5 e 7,0, respectivamente. Observou-se a inibição total da atividade proteolítica ácida do EE na presença de pepstatina A. O ditiotreitol (DTT) e o Ca2+ não promoveram efeito significativo na atividade enzimática. Na presença de metais pesados, como Al3+, Cd2+ e Hg2+, o EE manteve mais de 70% de atividade enzimática do EE. Os resultados mostram que é possível obter, a partir do estômago de C. hippos, proteases aspárticas com alta atividade proteolítica e características que demonstram potencial para aplicações industriais e biotecnológicas.

Abstract This work aimed to obtain aspartic proteases of industrial and biotechnological interest from the stomach of the crevalle jack fish (Caranx hippos). In order to do so, a crude extract (CE) of the stomach was obtained and subjected to a partial purification by salting-out, which resulted in the enzyme extract (EE) obtainment. EE proteases were characterized physicochemically and by means of zymogram. In addition, the effect of chemical agents on their activity was also assessed. By means of salting-out it was possible to obtain a purification of 1.6 times with a yield of 49.4%. Two acid proteases present in the EE were observed in zymogram. The optimum temperature and thermal stability for EE acidic proteases were 55 ºC and 45 °C, respectively. The optimum pH and pH stability found for these enzymes were pH 1.5 and 7.0, respectively. Total inhibition of EE acid proteolytic activity was observed in the presence of pepstatin A. dithiothreitol (DTT) and Ca2+ did not promote a significant effect on enzyme activity. In the presence of heavy metals, such as Al3+, Cd2+ and Hg2+, EE acidic proteases showed more than 70% of their enzymatic activity. The results show that it is possible to obtain, from the stomach of C. hippos, aspartic proteases with high proteolytic activity and characteristics that demonstrate potential for industrial and biotechnological applications.

Among several themes present in the Brazilian education curriculum, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Environmental Education (EE) are focused in this article, as they are themes of profound relevance to contemporary society, which make them essential for appropriation by teachers. Thus, the aim of this article is to present results of documental research regarding the presence and conceptions that underlie initial teacher education syllabus. For this, two pedagogical projects of teacher education in Biological Sciences from public institutions in the State of Goiás were selected. Guided by historical-dialectical materialism, it was possible to see, in both documents, the concern to meet the requirements of national legislation regarding the two themes, in addition to the forecast of interdisciplinary projects regarding EE and the association of the quality of the educational process with the technical use of ICT, regardless of the pedagogical orientation. There was also a lack of clarity regarding the implementation of the cross-cutting and interdisciplinary approaches that were cited, and a result that is in line with previous research with a mostly instrumental design.

Entre varios temas presentes en el currículo educativo brasileño, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y la Educación Ambiental (EA) se centran en este artículo, ya que son temas de profunda relevancia para la sociedad contemporánea, que los hacen imprescindibles para la apropiación por parte de los docentes. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación documental sobre la presencia y concepciones que subyacen a los currículos de formación inicial docente. Para ello, se seleccionaron dos proyectos pedagógicos para educación del profesorado en Ciencias Biológicas de instituciones públicas del Estado de Goiás. Guiados por el materialismo histórico-dialéctico, se pudo ver, en ambos documentos, la preocupación por cumplir con los requisitos de la legislación nacional en materia de los dos temas, además de la previsión de proyectos interdisciplinarios en materia de EA y la asociación de la calidad del proceso educativo con el uso técnico de las TIC, independientemente de la orientación pedagógica. También hubo falta de claridad en la implementación de los enfoques transversales e interdisciplinarios que fueron citados, resultado que está en línea con investigaciones previas con un diseño mayoritariamente instrumental.

Dentre diversos temas presentes no currículo da educação brasileira, são focalizados neste artigo as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e a Educação Ambiental (EA), devido serem temas de profunda relevância para a sociedade contemporânea, o que os tornam de imprescindível apropriação pelos professores. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados de pesquisa documental a respeito da presença e das concepções que fundamentam os currículos de formação inicial de professores. Para isso, foram selecionados dois projetos pedagógicos de cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de instituições públicas do Estado de Goiás. Orientados pelo materialismo histórico-dialético, foi possível perceber, em ambos os documentos, a preocupação em atender as exigências das legislações nacionais quanto aos dois temas, além da previsão de projetos interdisciplinares quanto à EA e a associação da qualidade do processo educativo ao uso técnico de TIC, independentemente da orientação pedagógica. Também identificou-se falta de clareza a respeito da implementação das abordagens transversal e interdisciplinar muito citadas e resultado consonante com as pesquisas anteriores de concepção, majoritariamente, instrumental.

Resumo Introdução Síndrome de burnout (SB) é um distúrbio emocional caracterizado por extremo esgotamento físico e mental decorrente de situações laborais estressantes. Já depressão é uma alteração afetiva decorrente de experiências pessoais negativas, sem referência a contextos específicos. Objetivo Analisar possível associação entre burnout e tensão emocional e depressão em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital em Campina Grande, Paraíba. Método O delineamento foi quantitativo-correlacional, sendo “tensão emocional e depressão” a variável dependente e os fatores de burnout (“exaustão emocional” – EE; “cinismo” – CI; “ineficácia no trabalho” – IT) variáveis independentes, não pressupondo relações de causalidade. Participaram 220 sujeitos. Foram aplicados os instrumentos MBI (HSS), QSG-12 e Ficha Sociodemográfica. Foram efetuadas análises descritivas, de correlação (Spearman) e de regressão. Resultados Da amostra, 15% apresentaram elevada EE, 8,6%, moderada tensão, e 3,2%, depressão. Foi observada predição compartilhada entre os três fatores da SB com a “tensão emocional e depressão”, sendo EE o mais forte preditor, explicando 17% da variância. Conclusão Os dados oferecem forte sugestão de que elevados níveis de EE influenciam a depressão, sendo imprescindível enfrentá-los e oferecer suporte psicológico, educativo e material para a recomposição da energia física e mental sugada pela sobrecarga laboral.

Abstract Background Burnout Syndrome (BS) is an emotional disorder characterized by extreme physical and mental exhaustion resulting from stressful work situations; depression is an affective alteration resulting from negative personal experiences, without reference to specific contexts. Objective to analyze a possible association between burnout and emotional tension and depression in nursing professionals at a hospital in Campina Grande - PB. Method The design was quantitative-correlational, with Emotional Tension and Depression as the dependent variable and the burnout factors (Emotional Exhaustion - EE, Cynicism - CI, Ineffectiveness at Work - IT) independent variables, not assuming causal relationships. The participants were 220 individuals The instruments MBI (HSS), QSG-12, and Sociodemographic Record were applied. Descriptive, correlation (Spearman), and regression analyzes were performed. Results 15% of the sample shows high EE, 8.6% moderate tension, and 3.2% depression. There was a shared prediction between the three factors of BS with Emotional Tension and Depression, with EE being the strongest predictor, explaining 17% of the variance. Conclusion The data offer a strong suggestion that high levels of EE influence depression, and it is essential to face them by offering psychological, educational, and material support to restore the physical and mental energy caused by work overload.

RESUMO Introdução: A doença alérgica, rinoconjuntivite/asma brônquica alérgicas, são muito prevalentes em todo o mundo, e a terapêutica potencialmente modificadora é a imunoterapia com aerolergénios. Em dezembro de 2019 foi identificado um novo coronavírus na China (SARS-CoV-2), causando uma pandemia com efeitos devastadores. Por este motivo foi decretado o estado de emergência (EE) em Portugal pela primeira vez nesta pandemia, entre 18 de março e 2 maio de 2020 e toda a atividade não urgente foi suspensa no nosso hospital, incluindo a administração da imunoterapia subcutânea com aeroalergénios (ITSCA). Objetivo: Caracterizar os ajustes de dose de acordo com o atraso na administração da ITSCA, verificar a segurança da dose administrada no retomar da ITSCA e avaliar o agravamento de sintomas da doença alérgica nos doentes sob programa de ITSCA que a interromperam durante o EE. Material e métodos: Procedeu-se à análise dos processos clínicos de ITSCA dos 195 doentes que interromperam a dose de manutenção durante o EE. De acordo com a clínica e intervalo de atraso, foi reduzida a dose ou realizado novo esquema de iniciação, segundo o protocolo da Unidade Funcional de Imunoterapia com Alergénios adaptado de guidelines internacionais para esta fase. Resultados: 7,7% tiveram agravamento dos sintomas alérgicos durante o período de suspensão e 6,2% recorreram a terapêutica de resgate. 96,4% diminuíram a dose na retoma da ITSCA, com diminuição maioritariamente superior à prevista à luz do nosso protocolo. Registaram-se reações locais imediatas em 9,2%, não se tendo registado reações anafiláticas. Após a retoma, 9,7% agravaram os sintomas e 5,1% recorreram a terapêutica de resgate. Conclusões: A pandemia trouxe muita dificuldade no acompanhamento das patologias crónicas dos doentes, inclusivamente da doença alérgica. A maioria dos doentes não reportou agravamento dos sintomas e poucos tiveram reações adversas na retoma da ITSCA, demonstrando a segurança do protocolo de ajuste de dose.

ABSTRACT Background: Allergic disease, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis/bronchial asthma, are very prevalent worldwide, and the potentially modifying therapy is immunotherapy with aeroallergens. In December 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in China, causing a pandemic with devastating effects. For this reason, the State of Emergency (SE) was declared in Portugal for the first time in this pandemic, between 18 March and 2 May 2020, and all non-urgent activity was suspended in our hospital, including the administration of subcutaneous immunotherapy with aeroallergens (SCITA). Objective: Characterize the dose adjustments according to the delay in SCITA administration, verify the safety of the dose administered when resuming SCITA and evaluate the worsening of symptoms of the allergic disease, in patients under SCITA program that interrupted it during the SE. Material and methods: An analysis of the SCITA clinical records of the 195 patients who interrupted the maintenance dose during EE was performed. According to the symptoms and the delay interval, the dose was reduced or a new initiation protocol was performed, according to our Allergen Immunotherapy Functional Unit protocol, adapted from international guidelines for this specific time. Results: 7.7% of patients had worsening of allergic symptoms during the interruption period and 6.2% resorted to rescue therapy. 96.4% decreased the dose in SCITA resumption, with a decrease that was mostly greater than predicted, according to our protocol. Immediate local reactions were recorded in 9.2%, with no anaphylactic reactions. After recovery, 9.7% worsened symptoms and 5.1% resorted to rescue therapy. Conclusions: The pandemic made it very difficult to monitor patients’ chronic pathologies, including allergic diseases. The majority of patients did not report worsening of symptoms and few had adverse reactions in the resumption of SCITA, demonstrating the safety of the dose adjustment protocol.

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

RESUMO A torta de coco pode ser uma alternativa disponível e de baixo custo para substituir ingredientes nobres como o milho e o farelo de soja em dietas para ovinos. Objetivou-se com esse estudo, avaliar a inclusão de torta de coco em substituição ao milho e o farelo de soja em dietas para ovinos sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros machos da raça Santa Inês, com peso corporal (PC) de 26,6 ± 3,2 kg, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três tratamentos e oito repetições. Os animais receberam ração total com 30% de volumoso (capim elefante) e 70% de concentrado. Foram testadas uma dieta controle (sem torta) e outras duas, com 11 e 22% de inclusão da torta de coco. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) em % do PC foram influenciados negativamente pela adição da torta de coco. O consumo de extrato etéreo (EE) aumentou, sem diferença entre dietas com 11 e 22%. A digestibilidade da MS, PB, EE e FDA não diferiram entre as dietas avaliadas. A inclusão da torta reduziu a digestibilidade da FDN e aumentou a dos CNF. O nível de inclusão da torta de coco na dieta deve estar relacionado ao teor de extrato etéreo da torta, mantendo o consumo de EE abaixo de 0,16% do peso corporal para não limitar a ingestão.

Environmental Education (EE) emerges as a tool to foster discussions on Climate Change (CC) in the school context. In this sense, the goal of this study was to investigate what is the teachers' perspective on the impacts of CC and how they have been working CC in the classroom as well as how they perceive the potential of environmental education in the face of this process. This study was qualitative research, carried out with 24 educators from 12 institutions of the Municipal Education System of Teresina (SEMEC) how participate in the National Program for Sustainable Schools (PNES). Semistructured questionnaires were applied to them and the data categorized according to the Content Analysis. As a result, it was found that educators relate CC to changes in weather, being the rise in temperature the most perceived impact by them (54.2%), followed by loss of biodiversity and migratory flows. In addition, they presented ecological concepts of EE, they connected the term Climate Change to the Biological Sciences and Geography. About 71% of teachers claimed to use environmental awareness activities in class to address CC with an interdisciplinary approach to promote changes in pedagogical practices. Regarding to the Fridays For Future, 62.5% of teachers were unaware of the movement but showed interest in knowing it and 83.3% of educators are willing to support events like this at school. Therefore, according to the results, it can be inferred that it is important to develop EE actions that stimulate students' critical thinking, thus contributing to changes in behavior and decision making in the face of environmental issues. This should occur not only in sustainable schools but in an integral and continuous process in all schools.

La Educación Ambiental (EA) surge como una de las maneras de fomentar discusiones sobre el cambio climático (CC) en el contexto escolar. En este sentido, el objetivo era investigar cómo los profesores de educación básica, en un contexto socioambiente, trabajan el CC y perciben sus impactos, así como el potencial de the en el problema climático. Esta investigación tiene carácter cualitativo, realizada con 24 profesores de 12 instituciones de la Red Municipal de Educación de Teresina (RMET), participantes del Programa Nacional de Escuelas Sostenibles (PNES). Se aplicaron cuestionarios semiestructurados y se clasificaron datos según análisis de contenido. Se encontró que los educadores relacionan el CC con los cambios climáticos, y el aumento de la temperatura fue el impacto más percibido (54,2%), seguido de la pérdida de biodiversidad y los flujos migratorios. Presentaron conceptos naturalistas de AE, vinculando el término Cambio Climático a las disciplinas de Ciencia y Geografía; El 71% de los profesores utiliza actividades de sensibilización ambiental en las clases para abordar el CC y la interdisciplinaridad ha promovido cambios en las prácticas pedagógicas. En cuanto a los viernes para el futuro, el 62,5% de los docentes desconocía el movimiento, pero mostró interés en conocerlo y el 83,3% de los profesores está dispuesto a apoyar eventos como este en la escuela. Por lo tanto, es importante desarrollar acciones de EA que inculcan el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes, contribuyan a cambios de comportamiento y toma de decisiones ante problemas ambientales. Esto debe ocurrir no sólo en las escuelas sostenibles, sino de manera integral y continua en todas las escuelas.

A Educação Ambiental (EA) emerge como um dos caminhos para fomentar discussões sobre as Mudanças Climáticas (MC) no contexto escolar. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se investigar como professores da educação básica, em um contexto socioambiental, trabalham as MC e percebem seus impactos, assim como o potencial da EA sobre a problemática climática. Esta pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa, realizada com 24 professores de 12 instituições da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Teresina (RMET), participantes do Programa Nacional de Escolas Sustentáveis (PNES). Foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados e os dados categorizados conforme Análise de Conteúdo. Constatou-se que os educadores relacionam MC às alterações no clima, e a elevação da temperatura foi o impacto mais percebido (54,2%), seguidos de perda da biodiversidade e fluxos migratórios. Apresentaram conceitos naturalistas de EA, vinculação do termo “Mudanças Climáticas” às disciplinas de Ciências e Geografia; 71% dos docentes utilizam atividades de sensibilização ambiental nas aulas para abordar as MC e a interdisciplinaridade tem promovido mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas. Com relação ao Fridays For Future, 62,5% dos docentes desconheciam o movimento, mas demonstraram interesse em conhecê-lo e 83,3% dos professores estão dispostos a apoiar eventos como este na escola. Portanto, é importante desenvolver ações de EA que instiguem o pensamento crítico dos alunos, contribuam para mudanças de comportamento e tomada de decisão frente a problemática ambiental. Isso deve ocorrer não apenas em escolas sustentáveis, mas de forma integral e continuada em todas as escolas.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.

Resumo: A Educação Ambiental (EA) tem potencial de contribuir para transformações socioambientais fundamentais na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se analisar as propostas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelo Programa Escolas Sustentáveis, na perspectiva da EA e das Mudanças Climáticas (MC) em Teresina, Piauí. O estudo possui natureza qualitativa e foi realizado como pesquisa documental, com o uso das seguintes palavras-chave: EA, MC, sustentabilidade, perda da biodiversidade, refugiados ambientais, movimentos sociais e meio ambiente. Para interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se análise de conteúdo. Após leitura flutuante, chegou-se às seguintes categorias: Educação e sustentabilidade na escola; EA e sensibilização ambiental; Educação, MC e ações antropogênicas. Constatou-se que a discussão sobre as MC é incipiente no contexto escolar, mesmo que haja, no currículo, conhecimentos referentes à dinâmica climática, fenômenos climáticos, zonas climáticas e domínios morfoclimáticos; sendo essencial promover reflexões sobre EA e MC. Para tanto, é importante implementar políticas públicas e desenvolver propostas pedagógicas voltadas para a educação climática integrada à EA.

Abstract: Environmental Education (EE) has the potential to contribute to fundamental socio-environmental transformations in contemporary society. In this sense, the objective in this study was to analyze the pedagogical proposals developed by the Sustainable Schools Program, from the perspective of EE and Climate Change (CC) in Teresina, Piauí state, Brazil. The qualitative study consisted of documentary research. We used content analysis to interpret the data. After floating reading, the following categories were established: Education and sustainability at school; EE and environmental awareness; Education, CC, and anthropogenic actions. It was found that the discussion about CC is incipient in the school context, even if topics are part of the curriculum, such as: knowledge regarding climate dynamics, climatic phenomena, climate zones and morphoclimatic domains; it is essential to promote reflections on EA and CC. Therefore, it is important to implement public policies and develop pedagogical proposals aimed at climate education integrated with EE.

Resumen En este estudio se objetivó evaluar los efectos del agua de fertirrigación con efluente de alcantarillado doméstico y de diferentes sustratos de cultivo en el crecimiento de mudas de Caraíba (Tabebuia aurea Benth). El experimento fue realizado en condiciones de ambiente protegido en la ciudad de Mossoró, RN. Se han probado cinco soluciones de riego (100% de agua de abastecimiento - AA, 100% de efluente de desagüe doméstico - EE y las diluciones del 75% EE + 25% AA, 50% EE + 50% AA y 25% EE + 75 (% AA) y dos sustratos (75% suelo + 25% estiércol de bovinos y 75% suelo + 25% fibra de coco) utilizando el delineamiento estadístico completamente casualizado, arregladas en parcelas subdivididas con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Las evaluaciones de crecimiento y desarrollo se realizaron a los 30, 60, 90 y 150 días después de la siembra. Se determinaron las variables altura de la parte aérea, diámetro del cuello, relación entre altura y diámetro, materias secas del sistema radicular, de la parte aérea y total (raíz y parte aérea), relación entre raíz y parte aérea, índice de Dickson, y la evaluación nutricional de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio y calcio. Se verificó que la utilización de efluente doméstico aumentó el crecimiento y la calidad de las mudas de caraíba, además de promover la acumulación nutricional en las plantas cultivadas en sustrato de estiércol bovino más suelo cuando se fertirrigadas con 100% de efluente doméstico.

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the effects of fertigation with domestic sewage effluent and different substrates on the growth of Caraíba seedlings (Tabebuia aurea Benth). The experiment was accomplished in a greenhouse in Mossoró, RN. Five irrigation solutions (100% of water supply - WS, 100% of domestic sewage effluent - DS and dilutions of 75% DS + 25% WS, 50% DS + 50% WS e 25% DS + 75% WS) were tested and two substrates (75% soil + 25% bovine manure and 75% soil + 25% coconut fiber) using completely randomized design in subdivided plots with three replicates per treatment. Growth and development parameters were measured at 30, 60, 90, and 150 days after cultivation. The variables shoots height, collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, dry matter of root, shoots and total (root and shoots), shoots/root ratio, Dickson quality index, and nutritional evaluation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were determinate. We verified that the use of domestic sewage increased growth and quality of caraíba seedlings, besides promoting nutrient accumulation in the plants grown in substrate of bovine manure plus soil with 100% application of domestic sewage in the fertigation.

The essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, has been extensively studied. However, the chemical and biological properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) of C. nardus have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the EE of C. nardus and its active fraction (FrD). Moreover, the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of these extracts against Candida species with different resistance profiles to conventional drugs were evaluated. The compounds identified in EE were mono-C- and di-C-glycosyl flavones and phenylpropanoid glycosides. Phenylpropanoid glycosides were identified in FrD. EE showed antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62. 5 to 500 µg mL-1. FrD was more effective against C. glabrata, as evidenced by the lowest MIC value (15. 6 µg mL-1). EE inhibited yeast growth similar to amphotericin-B, as demonstrated by similar time-kill curves. EE inhibited C. albicans hyphae formation and mature biofilm of C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. The results of the chemical and biological analyses of EE and its fractions provided novel information and may contribute to control of infections caused by Candida species.