RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação de disglicemia e características clínicas, laboratoriais e radiográficas em pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar (TBP), bem como a associação de disglicemia e desfechos do tratamento da tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal com 140 pacientes com diagnóstico de TBP (culturas de escarro positivas para Mycobacterium tuberculosis ou resultados positivos do teste Xpert MTB/RIF em amostras de escarro). Os pacientes foram avaliados no momento do diagnóstico (M0), após dois meses de tratamento (M2) e no fim do tratamento (MFIM). Em M0, os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: normoglicemia+TBP (NGTB); pré-diabetes mellitus+TBP (PDMTB) e diabetes mellitus+TBP (DMTB), de acordo com os níveis de hemoglobina glicada (< 5,7%, 5,7%-6,4% e ≥ 6,5%, respectivamente). Os desfechos do tratamento foram classificados em favoráveis (cura ou conclusão do tratamento) e desfavoráveis (óbito, perda de seguimento ou falência do tratamento). Resultados: Em nossa amostra, 76 pacientes (61,4%) apresentavam disglicemia, 20 (14,3%) dos quais apresentavam DM em M0. Os pacientes com disglicemia, em comparação com os do grupo NGTB, apresentaram mais frequentemente baciloscopia de escarro positiva (94,2% vs. 75,9%; p = 0,003); cavidades (80,2% vs. 63,0%; p = 0,03); lesões bilaterais (67,4% vs. 46,0%; p = 0,02) e maior mediana de terços pulmonares acometidos (3,0 vs. 2,0; p = 0,03) na radiografia de tórax. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto aos desfechos, mas a letalidade da tuberculose foi maior no grupo DMTB do que nos grupos PDMTB e NGTB (20% vs. 2,2%). Conclusões: Pacientes com TBP e disglicemia apresentaram manifestações laboratoriais e radiográficas indicativas de doença mais avançada, e o risco de óbito foi maior no grupo DMTB. Esses achados reforçam a recomendação de detecção precoce de DM em pacientes com tuberculose recém-diagnosticada, a fim de reduzir o risco de óbito durante o tratamento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of dysglycemia with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), as well as with their tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a longitudinal study involving 140 patients diagnosed with PTB (positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or positive Xpert MTB/RIF results from sputum samples). Patients were evaluated at diagnosis (M0), after completing the second month of treatment (M2), and at the end of treatment (MEND). At M0, the patients were classified into three groups: normoglycemia+PTB (NGTB); pre-diabetes mellitus+PTB (PDMTB), and diabetes mellitus+PTB (DMTB), in accordance with glycated hemoglobin levels (< 5.7%, 5.7%-6.4%, and ≥ 6.5%, respectively). Treatment outcomes were classified as favorable (cure or treatment completion) and unfavorable (death, loss to follow-up, or treatment failure). Results: In our sample, 76 patients (61.4%) had dysglycemia, 20 of whom (14.3%) had DM at M0. The patients with dysglycemia, in comparison with those in the NGTB group, more frequently presented with positive sputum smear microscopy (94.2% vs. 75.9%; p = 0.003); cavities (80.2% vs. 63.0%; p = 0.03); bilateral lesions (67.4% vs. 46.0%; p = 0.02); and higher median of affected thirds of the lungs (3.0 vs. 2.0; p = 0.03) on chest radiography. No significant differences regarding outcomes were found among the groups, but tuberculosis lethality was higher in the DMTB group than in the PDMTB and NGTB groups (20% vs. 2.2%). Conclusions: PTB patients with dysglycemia had laboratory and radiographic manifestations indicative of more advanced disease, and the risk of death was higher in the DMTB group. These findings reinforce the recommendation for early screening for DM in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in order to reduce the risk of death during treatment.

Resumo: Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) tem sido reconhecida como uma das principais espécies consumidoras de gramíneas em todo o continente americano. Durante os surtos, as lagartas são capazes de consumir completamente os hospedeiros preferenciais (gramíneas) e, quando os hospedeiros preferenciais são destruídos, podem mover-se para plantas adjacentes não gramíneas e causar danos semelhantes. Variáveis meteorológicas, como temperatura e umidade, são conhecidas por afetar o desenvolvimento e a abundância de suas populações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever e comparar a distribuição espaço-temporal de M. latipes em diferentes localidades do Brasil e avaliar a influência de variáveis meteorológicas sobre suas variações temporais. Foram avaliados 12 locais, em cada ponto de coleta foram instaladas armadilhas luminosas próximas às áreas de cultivo. Para entender a influência das variáveis meteorológicas na abundância de M. latipes, os dados foram analisados pelo Modelo Linear Generalizado, empregando a regressão de Poisson. Uma regressão linear também foi utilizada para verificar a relação entre a abundância e a latitude. Um total de 1.985 mariposas foram coletadas. Os maiores números de indivíduos foram coletados nos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado. Os resultados mostram que a abundância de mariposas está inversamente relacionada ao aumento da latitude. A análise de regressão de Poisson indicou que as principais variáveis meteorológicas foram significativamente relacionadas à abundância em cada local. Este estudo mostra que devido à preferência por gramíneas em estado vegetativo e às altas exigências de temperatura (30°C), M. latipes é uma espécie importante em regiões quentes, especialmente nas épocas de maior umidade. Além disso, mesmo em latitudes elevadas, durante os meses de verão, as populações podem aumentar rapidamente, podendo causar danos econômicos.

Abstract: Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) has been recognized as a major owlet caterpillar associated to the herbivory of gramineaceous plants across the American continent. During outbreaks, the caterpillars are capable of completely consuming preferred hosts (grasses) and, when these hosts are destroyed, they can move to adjacent non-grass plants and cause similar damage. Meteorological variable such as temperature and humidity are described as factors that affect the development and abundance of M. latipes. This paper aimed to describe and compare the spatial and temporal distribution of M. latipes in different locations in Brazil and to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables on the temporal range. A total of 12 locations were evaluated, in each collection point light traps were installed near cultivated areas. In order to understand the influence of meteorological variables on the abundance of M. latipes, the data were analyzed using a Generalized Linear Model according to Poisson regression. A linear regression was also used to verify the relation between the abundance and the latitude. A total of 1,985 moths were collected. The highest collections were in Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Results show that abundance was inversely related to increasing latitude and Poisson regression analysis indicated that the main meteorological variables were significantly related to abundance at each site. This study shows that due to the high preference for gramineas and the high temperature requirements (30°C), M. latipes is an important species in hot regions and regions with hight humidity. Furthurmore, even in higher latitudes, in subtropical areas, during summer months, populations can Rapidly growth being able to cause economic damages.

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are globally widespread parasitic diseases which have been responsible for high mortality rates. Since drugs available for their treatment are highly hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic, adherence to therapy has been affected. Thus, the search for new, more effective and safer drugs for the treatment of these diseases is necessary. Natural products have stood out as an alternative to searching for new bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. In this study, the chemical composition and antiparasitic activity of the essential oil from Protium ovatum leaves against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis were evaluated. The essential oil was promising against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi (IC50= 28.55 μg.mL-1) and L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC50 = 2.28 μg.mL-1). Eighteen chemical constituents were identified by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the essential oil, whose major constituents were spathulenol (17.6 %), caryophyllene oxide (16.4 %), β-caryophyllene (14.0 %) and myrcene (8.4 %). In addition, the essential oil from P. ovatum leaves had moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cell at the concentration range under analysis (CC50 = 150.9 μg.mL-1). It should be highlighted that this is the first report of the chemical composition and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania amazonensis activities of the essential oil from Protium ovatum leaves.

Abstract This paper aims to assess the logistics services provided by carriers in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) considering two perspectives: the efficiency of the operations and the adoption of sustainable measures. A survey was applied to the 15 main shippers working with the selected carrier in order to assess logistics performance indicators (on-time-in-full, relationship, lead time, service quality, etc.) as well as sustainability demands (disposal of oil, post-use tires, spare parts, etc.). A second survey was applied to 21 other shippers that hire similar services provided by other carriers in the SPMA. The results indicate that a good relationship between shippers and carriers positively impacts the evaluation of the carriers. Approximately 64% of the informants claim that gas emissions followed by disposal of lubricant, tires and spare parts are the major unsustainable practices to be avoided. This study makes two contributions: to show the most relevant sustainable and logistics aspects that carriers must consider for their services from the viewpoint of shippers and to analyse the influence of the relationship between the companies on the performance indicators.

Jatropha curcas possui alto teor de óleo biocombustível que poderia substituir os combustíveis poluentes, possuindo grande potencial para o cultivo em larga escala de monocultivos no sistema convencional. Nós exploramos a ocorrência, a distribuição espacial e a resposta funcional das principais espécies fitófagas e seus inimigos naturais com potencial para controle biológico conservativo. Começamos a amostragem de fitófagos e predadores quando o J. curcas atingiu seis meses de idade. As espécies fitófagas mais frequentes foram ninfas e adultos Empoasca kraemeri, seguido por Frankliniella schultzei e Myzus persicae. Dentre os predadores, Ricoseius loxochelis, Iphiseioides zuluagai, Araneidae, Psyllobora vigintimaculata (larv), Psyllobora vigintimaculata (adulto) e Anthicus sp. foram as mais frequentes. Os parasitoides mais comuns foram das famílias Encyrtidae e Braconidae. As maiores densidades de E. kraemeri fitófagos e F. schultzei nas bordas da cultura de J. curcas seguem padrões espaciais semelhantes aos de inimigos naturais de I. zuluagai e A. sp. Esses artrópodes podem ser considerados eficientes predadores de estágios imaturos de E. kraemeri e F. schultzei em J. curcas.

Jatropha curcas has a high biofuel oil content, which could replace polluting fuels, and has great potential for large scale monoculture cultivation in the conventional system. We explored the occurrence, spatial distribution and the functional response of the main phytophagous species of this plant and their natural enemies to explore the potential for conservative biological control. We began sampling phytophagous species and predators when J. curcas plants were six months old. The most common species of phytophagous insects were nymphs and adults of Empoasca kraemeri, followed by Frankliniella schultzei and Myzus persicae. Among the predators, Ricoseius loxocheles, Iphiseioides zuluagai, Araneidae, larvae and adults of Psyllobora vigintimaculata and Anthicus sp. were the most frequently encountered. The most common parasitoids were the families Encyrtidae and Braconidae. The highest densities of E. kraemeri and F. schultzei on the edges of the J. curcas crop follow spatial patterns similar to those of their natural enemies I. zuluagai and Anthicus sp. These arthropods can be considered efficient predators of immature stages of E. kraemeri and F. schultzei on J. curcas.

5-(Oxiran-2-ilmetil)-1,3-benzodioxol ou epóxi-safrol (SO) vem sendo estudado ao longo dos anos devido a suas propriedades dependentes da concentração, como indução à apoptose e transdiferenciação celular. A coprecipitação do SO com um polímero biodegradável e biocompatível, poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV), foi realizada utilizando a técnica de dispersão de solução aumentada por fluídos supercríticos (SEDS). Um planejamento fatorial 2(4-1) foi realizado para investigar os efeitos das condições experimentais (pressão, vazão de solução e de antissolvente e concentrações de PHBV e SO) na eficiência do processo e na morfologia dos coprecipitados. Para o material obtido SO/PHBV, foram observadas formas esféricas e fibrosas, sendo as morfologias dependentes das condições experimentais. Os mecanismos de liberação controlada de epóxi-safrol para os materiais esféricos foram diferentes dos materiais fibrosos. Análise térmica mostrou uma diminuição na temperatura de máxima velocidade de degradação (Tmax) em relação ao PHBV, atribuída à presença de SO e à morfologia da amostra.

In recent years, 5-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-benzodioxole or safrole oxide (SO) has been widely studied due to its concentration dependent properties, such as cellular apoptosis inducing activity and cell transdifferentiation. Coprecipitation of SO with a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), were performed using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids technique (SEDS). A 2(4-1) factorial design was carried out to investigate the effect of processing parameters (pressure, solution flow, anti-solvent flow and concentrations of PHBV and SO) on the process efficiency and microparticle morphology. Both fibrous and spherical shapes were observed for coprecipitated SO/PHBV, which were dependent on the experimental-processing conditions. Controlled release mechanisms of SO to spherical materials were different from fibrous materials. Thermal analysis showed a decrease in the temperature of maximum weight loss rate (Tmax) of PHBV, attributed to the presence of SO and sample morphology.

As distribuições de Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe e Al foram investigadas em sedimentos superficiais coletados em 19 sítios da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil. Foi definida uma base geoquímica para a região (RGB) usando o ferro como elemento de referência. Fatores de enriquecimento (EF) e índice de geoacumulação (Igeo) foram empregados para determinar a contribuição por origem antropogênica. Valores de EF mostraram que os sedimentos dos sítios 1, 5 e 13 podem ser considerados contaminados por Pb, Cr e Cu, respectivamente. Valores de Igeo mostraram que o sítio 13 pode ser considerado contaminado. Há uma grande predominância nos sedimentos de metais de origem natural. A possível toxicidade foi avaliada comparando com os valores PEC-TEC dos guias de qualidade de sedimentos (SQG). Análise de componentes principais (PCA) separou claramente os pontos em dois grupos e a análise de agrupamento hierárquico (HCA) confirmou as interpretações feitas pela PCA.

The distributions of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Al were investigated in surface sediments collected at 19 sites in the Sergipe River Hydrographic Basin of Northeast Brazil. A regional geochemical baseline (RGB) was defined using iron as a reference element. Enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) were used to determine the extent of anthropogenic metal pollution. EF values showed that sediments from sites 1, 5 and 13 could be considered contaminated by Pb, Cr and Cu, respectively. Igeo values showed that only site 13 could be considered contaminated. For other sites, results indicated that naturally occurring metals predominated in the sediments. Possible toxicity related to these metals was examined using the comparing sediment chemical data with sediment quality guidelines (SQG) PEC-TEC values. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated the sites into two groups and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) confirmed the interpretations made from the PCA results.

In spite of the taxonomy of the Aspergillus species of the Nigri Section being regarded as troublesome, a number of methods have been proposed to aid in the classification of this Section. This work aimed to distinguish Aspergillus species of the Nigri Section from foods, grains and caves on the basis in Polyphasic Taxonomy by utilizing morphologic and physiologic characters, and sequencing of ß-tubulin and calmodulin genes. The morphologic identification proved useful for some species, such as A. carbonarius and Aspergillus sp UFLA DCA 01, despite not having been totally effective in elucidating species related to A. niger. The isolation of the species of the Nigri Section on Creatine Sucrose Agar (CREA) enabled to distinguish the Aspergillus sp species, which was characterized by the lack of sporulation and by the production of sclerotia. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) allowed distinguishing the species into two distinct groups. The production of Ochratoxin A (OTA) was only found in the A. carbonarius and A. niger species. The sequencing of β-tubulin gene was efficient in differing most of the Aspergillus species from the Nigri Section with the exception of Aspergillus UFLA DCA 01, which could not be distinguished from A. costaricaensis. This species is morphologically similar to A. costaricaencis for its low sporulation capacity and high sclerotia production, but it differs morphologically from A. costaricaensis for its conidial ornamentation and size of vesicles. Equally, based on partial calmodulin gene sequence data Aspergillus UFLA DCA 01 differs from A. costaricaensis.

A produção de mudas de maracujazeiro 'amarelo' (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) de boa qualidade genética, fitossanitária e bem nutridas é de suma importância. A multiplicação rápida depende de alguns fatores preponderantes, relacionados com a produção de mudas, ligados especificamente aos substratos e recipientes. Este experimento foi realizado visando à avaliação da produção de mudas em diferentes substratos e dois tamanhos de recipientes, em viveiro de produção de mudas da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Cassilândia/MS. Foram testados quatro substratos: solo puro, solo + esterco (2:1 v:v), Plantmaxâ e solo + 150 mg.dm-3 de superfosfato simples e dois tamanhos de recipientes de polietileno preto: 14x20 cm (1000 mL) e 10x20 cm (700 mL). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 (substratos) x 2 (tamanhos de recipientes), com 4 repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Avaliaram-se as características: índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), altura da muda (cm), comprimento de raiz (cm), diâmetro do colo (mm), número de folhas/planta, índice de clorofila foliar (ICC), massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total. Os resultados para as variáveis analisadas indicaram que apenas para o número de folhas/planta houve diferença significativa para o tamanho de recipiente utilizado. O solo + esterco e o Plantmax® favoreceram todos os parâmetros de crescimento nos recipientes de 700 mL. O solo puro não é recomendado para a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro 'amarelo' em ambos recipientes; pois favoreceu apenas o comprimento de raiz e massa seca da parte aérea.

The production of yellow passion fruit seedlings (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) with genetic and phytosanitary quality, well-nourished and precocious, is of great importance. Fast multiplication depends on some preponderant factors related to seedling production, substrate and recipient. The experiment was realized to evaluate the production of seedlings in different substrates and two bulks recipients, in a seedling nursery at the Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, city of Cassilândia. Four substrates were evaluated: pure soil, soil + manure (2:1), Plantmax® and soil + 150 mg.dm-3 of simple super phosphate and two recipient sizes made of black polystyrene: 14 x 20 cm (1000 mL) and 10 x 20 cm (700 mL). We used a completely randomized experimental design in a 4 (substrates) x 2 (recipients volume) factorial outline, with four replications and ten seeds per plot. The characteristics evaluated were: index of emergency speed (IVE), seedlings height (cm), root length (cm), lap diameter (mm), number of leaves/plant, chlorophyll index (ICC), shoot and root dry mass and total dry mass. The results for the analyzed variables indicated that only for the number of leaves/plant there was a significant difference depending on the size of the recipient. The soil + manure and Plantmaxâ improved all growth parameters in the recipients of 700 mL. Pure soil is not recommended for yellow passion fruit seedlings in both recipients, because they improved only root length and shoot dry mass.

This study is a result of undergraduate student participation in the Environmental Chemistry discipline provided by the Chemistry Institute/UFBA. The students were involved in the development of passive samplers, a project of the LAQUAM (Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory). The students' residences and other neighborhoods were used to create a passive sampling network, allowing the measurement of atmospheric levels of pollutants in urban areas and in those under industrial influence. The assembly of the passive samplers, including impregnation of filters and chemical analysis were part of the students' practice tasks. The results were analyzed taking into consideration the Brazilian legislation.

O presente estudo busca apresentar o trabalho da Equipe de Estágio do 5º ano de Psicologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), em uma escola pública, no ano de 2000. A importância deste trabalho está na reflexão sobre o papel do psicólogo escolar, bem como de suas práticas, considerando que o trabalho realizado desenvolveu um processo de questionamento das relações estabelecidas nessa escola no que diz respeito à indisciplina e à prática pedagógica. Uma intervenção foi proposta a partir das queixas apresentadas, relacionadas à indisciplina dos alunos das quintas séries. O trabalho envolveu os integrantes da instituição escolar: professores, pais, equipe técnico-pedagógica e alunos. Como resultados pôde-se verificar que alguns integrantes do grupo de professores conseguiram perceber as relações existentes entre indisciplina, contexto escolar e social e prática pedagógica. Além disso, ocorreu uma integração entre os alunos, diminuindo a rivalidade e a indisciplina existentes entre eles.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the work of a group of Psychology students from the "State University of Maringá (UEM)" at a public school, in 2000. The importance of their work is the characterization the role of the school psychologist, as well as his practices, which was made possible through a critical examination of the relationships established in that school in regard to indiscipline and teaching practices. The idea of an intervention arose from the complaints expressed and which were related to indiscipline among students in the first year of grammar school. The work involved teachers, parents, the technical-pedagogical team and students. It was observed that some teachers were capable of identifying a relationship between indiscipline, social context, teaching practice and school context. Besides that, it was observed integration among students along with the decline of rivalry and unruly behavior.

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em unidade de treinamento militar, localizada no Estado de Pernambuco. Entre 2002 e 2003, vinte e três casos foram diagnosticados através de exame clínico, detecção do parasita e teste de intradermoarreação de Montenegro. Sete amostras de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis foram isoladas destes pacientes, identificadas através de reações com anticorpos monoclonais específicos e perfil eletroforético com isoenzimas. Um inquérito epidemiológico de prevalência da infecção por IDRM foi realizado na população que realizou treinamento neste período, no qual foi identificada uma prevalência de 25,3% de infecção. Os dados obtidos, associados com achados prévios nesta área, apresentam evidências da manutenção de um ciclo enzoótico, com a ocorrência de surtos periódicos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana posteriormente à realização de treinamentos nas áreas de floresta Atlântica remanescente.

The aim of work was to study the epidemiology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a military training unit situated in Zona da Mata region of Pernambuco State. Between 2002 and 2003 twenty-three cases were notified by clinical exam, detection and/or isolation of parasite and Montenegro skin test. Seven stocks of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were obtained from patients, identified by a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymatic electrophoresis profiles. An epidemiologic survey on prevalence of infection was carried out by Montenegro skin test in the population that underwent training activities during the same period, out of which 25.3% were identified as positive. These results in association with previous data from this area, shows the maintenance of a primary transmission cycle and the occurrence of periodical outbreaks after training activities in local areas of remnant Atlantic rain forest.