ABSTRACT Background: An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant was detected in the psychiatric ward of a general hospital in Brasília, Brazil. Methods: We report the investigation, clinical outcomes, viral sequencing, and control measures applied to outbreak containment. Results: The overall attack rate was 95% (23/24) in a period of 13 days. Among the cases, 78% (18/23) were vaccinated and 17% (4/23) required intensive care. The Omicron variant was isolated from the 19 sequenced samples. Conclusions: The findings highlight the potential harm that highly transmissible variants may generate among hospitalized populations, particularly those with comorbidities.

Abstract: This paper evaluates the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental resin-based dual-cured calcium aluminate (CA) and calcium titanate (CTi) materials for vital pulp therapy (VPT). The experimental dual-cured materials were obtained as two pastes: a) Bis-EMA 10, PEG 400, DHEPT, EDAB, camphorquinone, and butylated hydroxytoluene; and b) fluoride ytterbium, Bis-EMA 10, Bis-EMA 30, benzoyl peroxide, and butylated hydroxytoluene. The materials were divided into six groups based on the added calcium component: MTA (MTA®, Angelus); CLQ (Clinker-Fillapex®, Angelus); CA (calcined at ,1200°C in pastes a and b); CA800 (calcined at 800°C in paste a); CA1200 (calcined at 1,200°C in paste a); and CTi (paste a). The real-time degree of conversion and rate of polymerization (n = 3), diametral tensile strength (n = 10), hydrogen potential (n = 15), calcium ion release (n = 10), water sorption and solubility (n = 10), and cell viability (n = 6) were evaluated. One- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used in the analysis of the parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple tests were used to analyze the nonparametric data (α = 0.05). CLQ, CA800 and CA1200 had the highest diametral tensile strength. The water solubility of MTA was similar to that of CA800, CA1200 and CTi. CA800 and CA1200 resulted in cell viabilities similar to those of MTA and CLQ. The experimental dual-cured CA-based material that calcined at 800°C showed physicochemical and biological properties suitable for VPT, and similar to those of MTA.

RESUMO A maioria dos estudos sobre mudanças no estoque de carbono orgânico do solo no bioma Cerrado está relacionada a dados coletados em Latossolos argilosos ou sob diferentes usos da terra, como se estivessem em equilíbrio. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de tipos de preparo do solo e de sequência de culturas sobre o estoque de carbono orgânico do solo e a produtividade das culturas, em Latossolo arenoso, na Bahia. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Amostras de solo foram coletadas após cinco anos de monocultivo de algodão, soja e milho e de uso de grade de discos pesada e grade niveladora (preparo convencional), e de rotação das culturas do algodão, soja e milho com adubo verde ou planta de cobertura (plantio direto). Amostras adicionais foram coletadas em área não cultivada (Cerrado sensu stricto). Práticas de conservação do solo como o não revolvimento e rotação de culturas com planta de cobertura e adubo verde favoreceram o estoque de carbono orgânico do solo na camada de 0-40 cm, com os maiores valores atingindo 36,03 Mg ha−1. O acúmulo de carbono no solo sob preparo convencional e monocultivo de algodão, milho e soja foi menor do que sob plantio direto, que variou de 30,9 a 54,9 %, com o estoque no plantio direto aumentando à taxa anual de 2,36 Mg ha−1 durante cinco anos. O plantio direto, com a rotação soja-milho-algodão, combinada com planta de cobertura e adubo verde, aumentou a produtividade do algodão e da soja e acumulou carbono orgânico no solo arenoso.

ABSTRACT Most studies about soil organic carbon stock changes in the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome are either related to field data collected in clayey Ferralsols or different land uses, as if they were in equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tillage systems and crop sequences on the soil organic carbon stock and crop yield, in a sandy Ferralsol from Bahia, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates. Soil samples were collected after fve years of cotton, soybean and maize monocropping under heavy disk harrow and leveling harrow (conventional tillage), and of crop rotation of cotton, soybean and maize with green manure or cover crop (no-tillage). Additional samples were collected from a non-cultivated site (Neotropical Savanna, Cerrado sensu stricto). Soil conservation practices such as no-tillage and crop rotation with cover crop and green manure favored the soil organic carbon stock at the 0-40 cm layer, with the highest values reaching 36.03 Mg ha−1. The accrued soil carbon stock under conventional tillage and monoculture of cotton, maize and soybean was lower than under no-tillage, which ranged from 30.9 to 54.9 %, with the soil organic carbon stock increasing at the annual rate of 2.36 Mg ha−1 during fve years. The no-tillage, with the soybean-maize-cotton rotation, in combination with cover crop and green manure, increased the cotton and soybean yields, with a simultaneous organic carbon accumulation in the sandy soil.

RESUMO A regeneração óssea guiada visa o ganho de volume ósseo vertical e horizontal em rebordos atróficos, sendo utilizadas diferentes técnicas regenerativas associadas a biomateriais, podendo apresentar ocasionais complicações pós-cirúrgicas. O objetivo do relato de caso foi descrever as sucessivas abordagens para minimizar e eliminar as complicações apresentadas no pós-operatório de paciente submetida à técnica de regeneração óssea guiada. Na primeira cirurgia foi utilizada a membrana de politetrafluoretileno expandido denso (PTFE-d), suportada pela técnica da tenda e enxerto plaquetário autógeno, para realizar a técnica de regeneração óssea guiada. Após três meses, constatou-se a exposição da membrana, sendo removida a membrana e os parafusos de contenção no sétimo mês, com instalação de três implantes Hexágono Interno nas áreas dos dentes 13, 14 e 15. As roscas expostas foram recobertas com as hidroxiapatitas reabsorvíeis e recobertas com membrana PTFE-d. A radiografia panorâmica pós-operatória de quatro meses sugeriu osseointegração dos implantes. A técnica de regeneração óssea guiada associada à membrana de PTFE-d possibilitou a neoformação óssea propiciando a instalação de implantes osseointegrados em posição estética e funcional. A exposição das bordas da membrana permitiu a penetração de fluídos e contaminação, sugerindo o agravamento dos sinais de infecção e secreção purulenta. Ao contrário, a exposição de áreas centrais, não acarretou sinais inflamatórios e infecciosos.

ABSTRACT Guided bone regeneration aims to gain vertical and horizontal bone volume in atrophic ridges, using different regenerative techniques associated with biomaterials, with occasional post-surgical complications. The objective of the case report was to describe the successive approaches to minimize and eliminate the complications presented in the postoperative period of a patient submitted to the guided bone regeneration technique. In the first surgery, the dense expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d-PTFE), supported by the tent technique and autogenous platelet graft, was used to perform the guided bone regeneration technique. After three months, the membrane was exposed, with the membrane and the retaining screws removed in the seventh month, with the installation of three Internal Hexagon implants in the areas of teeth 13, 14 and 15. The exposed threads were covered with hydroxyapatites resorbable and covered with d-PTFE membrane. A four-month postoperative panoramic radiograph suggested implant osseointegration. The guided bone regeneration technique associated with the d-PTFE membrane enabled bone neoformation, enabling the installation of osseointegrated implants in an aesthetic and functional position. The exposure of the edges of the membrane allowed the penetration of fluids and contamination, suggesting the worsening of the signs of infection and purulent secretion. On the contrary, the exposure of central areas did not cause inflammatory and infectious signs.

Abstract Background: The VI Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies against HEp-2 cells for determination of autoantibodies against cellular constituents on HEp-2 cells was held on September, 2019, in Fortaleza (CE, Brazil). The guidelines in this edition were formulated by the group of Brazilian experts discussing the classification of complex patterns, the classification of the nuclear discrete dots (few and multiple), the identification of the discrete fine speckled pattern (AC-4a) and improvements on the ANA report. Mainbody: Sixteen Brazilian researchers and experts from universities and clinical laboratories representing the various geographical regions of Brazil participated in the meeting. Four main topics were discussed: (1) How to classify patterns with fluorescence in more than one cell compartment considering three relevant categoris: composite patterns, mixed patterns and multiple patterns; (2) The splitting of the discrete nuclear dots pattern into the multiple discrete nuclear dots (AC-6) and few discrete nuclear dots (AC-7) patterns, respectively; (3) Inclusion of a novel nuclear pattern characterized by discrete fine speckled pattern highly associated with antibodies to SS-A/Ro60, classified as AC-4a. In addition, adjustments on the Brazilian Consensus nomenclature were implemented aiming to harmonize the designation of some patterns with the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP). Furthermore, the designations of the PCNA-like pattern (AC-13), CENP-F-like pattern (AC-14) and Topo I-like pattern (AC-29) were adjusted in accordance to ICAP. Finally, there was a recommendation for adjustment in the test report in order to address the status of nuclear envelope staining. For all topics, the aim was to establish specific guidelines for laboratories and clinicians. All recommendations were based on consensus among participants. All recommendations from the V Consensus were maintained and there was relevant progress in the BCA/HEp-2 guidelines and further harmonization with ICAP. Conclusion: The VI BCA/HEp-2 edition was successful in establishing important recommendations regarding the classification of complex patterns, in supporting the identification of a novel pattern within the AC-4 group and in the harmonization process with the ICAP terminology.

ABSTRACT Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent alternative strategies to reduce the cost and increase the production of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) seedlings associated with different substrates. This study aimed to assess the effect of inoculating PSM and AMF in different substrates for cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) culturing. The experiment was installed with a completely randomized design, using a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four inoculation treatments (PSM, AMF, PSM + AMF, and Control - absence of inoculation), and two soils substrates (pure sandy substrate and mixed substrate). The substrates and microorganism had influence in cagaita seedling growth. The pure substrate conferred better performance of plant growth parameters. In this substrate, cagaita seedlings had higher stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume and root dry weight. The cultivation of seedlings in pure substrate inoculated with AMF and PSM provided greater Mo content in the leaves. The higher root volume of cagaita seedlings was obtained with the inoculation of PSM. A sandy substrate seems to be the most adequate for the cultivation of cagaita seedlings. In addition, co-inoculation provides higher Fe, Mg, and K content in the leaves, as this work showed.

RESUMEN Los microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato (PSM) y los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) representan estrategias alternativas para reducir el costo y aumentar la producción de plántulas de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) asociadas a diferentes sustratos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de PSM y HMA en diferentes sustratos para el cultivo de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica). El experimento se instaló con un diseño completamente al azar, utilizando un esquema factorial 4 × 2, con cuatro tratamientos de inoculación (PSM, HMA, PSM + HMA y Control - ausencia de inoculación), y dos sustratos de suelo (sustrato arenoso puro y sustrato mixto). Los sustratos y microorganismos influyeron en el crecimiento de las plántulas de cagaita. El sustrato puro propició un mejor desempeño de los parámetros de crecimiento de las plantas. En este sustrato, las plántulas de cagaita presentaron mayor diámetro de tallo, masa fresca y seca de brotes, volumen de raíz y masa seca de la raíz. El cultivo de plántulas en sustrato puro inoculadas con HMA y PSM proporcionó mayor contenido de Mo en las hojas. El mayor volumen de raíces de plántulas de cagaita se obtuvo con la inoculación de PSM. Un sustrato arenoso parece ser el más adecuado para el cultivo de plántulas de cagaita. Además, la coinoculación proporciona un mayor contenido de Fe, Mg y K en las hojas, como mostró este trabajo.

Abstract: BRS 500 B2RF is a high-yielding cotton cultivar with transgenic resistance to lepidopteran pests and tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. Additionally, BRS 500 B2RF has resistance to Ramularia leaf spot and partial resistance to root-knot nematode. It represents an important contribution to sustainable cotton production in Brazil.

RESUMO Nas hortaliças, especialmente folhosas, são fundamentais para o crescimento das plantas o nitrogênio (N) e a água, sendo o N o segundo nutriente mais absorvido e identificado no tecido foliar da rúcula. A água é essencial para cultivos hortícolas; por isso o seu uso deve ser racional para que altas produtividades sejam alcançadas. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de níveis de nitrogênio via fertirrigação e lâminas de irrigação nas características produtivas, no índice total de clorofila foliar (ICF) e teor de nitrogênio na cultura da rúcula. O experimento foi arranjado no delineamento de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, sendo dois fatores: A) níveis de nitrogênio aplicados em cobertura (25, 50, 100, 125 e 150 mg dm-3) e B) lâminas de irrigação 50 e 100% da capacidade de água disponível (CAD). Na colheita, aos 37 dias após o transplantio (DAT) houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos isoladamente, e também interação dos tratamentos das variáveis analisadas. As lâminas de irrigação não foram significantes para o teor de nitrogênio na planta. Entretanto, o maior teor foi verificado no nível de 129 mg dm-3 (27,8 g kg-1), correspondendo a um incremento de 26% em relação ao nível de 25 mg dm-3 (22,07 g kg-1). Portanto, o fornecimento de 150 mg dm-3 de nitrogênio e o manejo da irrigação plena (100% da CAD) proporcionaram incremento substancial na altura, área foliar e massa fresca da parte aérea.

ABSTRACT In vegetables, especially the leafy ones, nitrogen (N) and water are essential in its growth, being N the second most absorbed and identified nutrient in the arugula leaf tissue. Water is essential for horticultural crops, so its use must be rational in order to achieve high yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and irrigation depths on the productive characteristics, the total leaf chlorophyll index (ICF) and nitrogen contents in the arugula culture. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design subdivided in plots, with two factors: A) nitrogen levels applied in coverage (25, 50, 100, 125 and 150 mg dm-3) and B) irrigation depths [(50 and 100% of the available water capacity (AWC)]. At harvest, 37 days after transplantation (DAT), we observed a significant effect of the treatments when individually analyzed, and also a significant interaction between factors of the analyzed variables. The nitrogen content in the plant showed no effect for irrigation depths. However, the highest content was found in the level of 129 mg dm-3 (27.8 g kg-1), corresponding to an increase of 26% in relation to the lowest level (25 mg dm-3; 22.07 g kg-1). In conclusion, the supply of 150 mg dm-3 nitrogen and full irrigation management (100% of AWC) provided substantial increase in height, leaf area and fresh mass of aerial part of the plant.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a rede intersetorial construída a partir da Atenção Primária à Saúde em contexto rural para enfrentamento da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como referencial teórico e metodológico o Paradigma da Complexidade. Participaram dezessete profissionais de saúde de duas Unidades de Saúde da Família rurais de um município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de mapas mínimos da rede institucional e grupos focais, em maio e junho de 2019; foram analisados tematicamente. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias intituladas “Não é inexistente, mas é complicada” e “A gente está sempre na linha do tiro”. A existência de uma rede fragilizada; a atenção pautada pelo viés biomédico; a fragmentação no cuidado foram características presentes no cuidado às famílias. Considerações finais: A ausência de um cuidado em rede ficou evidente, gerando isolamento e sobrecarga da unidade de atenção básica que é potencializada pelas características da ruralidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the Primary Health Care inter-sectoral network in a rural context to face domestic violence against children and adolescents. Method: A qualitative research study, with the Paradigm of Complexity as theoretical and methodological framework. Eighteen health professionals from two rural Family Health Units in a municipality in the state of São Paulo were the participants. Data was collected through minimum maps of the institutional network and focus groups in May and June 2019. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Two categories emerged, entitled "It's not nonexistent, but it's complicated" and "We're always on the firing line". The existence of a weakened network; assistance based on biomedical bias; and care fragmentation were characteristics present in the care provided to the families. Final considerations: The absence of network care was evident, with isolation and overload of the Primary Health Care unit that is enhanced by the characteristics of rurality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la red intersectorial construida a partir de la Atención Primaria de Salud en un contexto rural para hacer frente a la violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes. Método: Investigación cualitativa, teniendo como marco teórico y metodológico el Paradigma de la Complejidad. Participaron dieciocho profesionales de la salud de dos unidades rurales de salud familiar en un municipio del estado de San Pablo. Los datos se recopilaron a través de mapas mínimos de la red institucional y grupos focales en mayo y junio de 2019; y fueron analizados temáticamente. Resultados: Surgieron dos categorías tituladas "No es inexistente, pero es complicado" y "Siempre estamos en la línea de tiro". La existencia de una red debilitada; la atención basada en el sesgo biomédico; y la fragmentación de la atención fueron características presentes en el cuidado de las familias. Consideraciones finales: La ausencia de atención en red fue evidente, lo que generó aislamiento y sobrecarga de la unidad de atención primaria que se ve reforzada por las características de la ruralidad.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the Primary Health Care inter-sectoral network in a rural context to face domestic violence against children and adolescents. Method: A qualitative research study, with the Paradigm of Complexity as theoretical and methodological framework. Eighteen health professionals from two rural Family Health Units in a municipality in the state of São Paulo were the participants. Data was collected through minimum maps of the institutional network and focus groups in May and June 2019. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Two categories emerged, entitled "It's not nonexistent, but it's complicated" and "We're always on the firing line". The existence of a weakened network; assistance based on biomedical bias; and care fragmentation were characteristics present in the care provided to the families. Final considerations: The absence of network care was evident, with isolation and overload of the Primary Health Care unit that is enhanced by the characteristics of rurality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la red intersectorial construida a partir de la Atención Primaria de Salud en un contexto rural para hacer frente a la violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes. Método: Investigación cualitativa, teniendo como marco teórico y metodológico el Paradigma de la Complejidad. Participaron dieciocho profesionales de la salud de dos unidades rurales de salud familiar en un municipio del estado de San Pablo. Los datos se recopilaron a través de mapas mínimos de la red institucional y grupos focales en mayo y junio de 2019; y fueron analizados temáticamente. Resultados: Surgieron dos categorías tituladas "No es inexistente, pero es complicado" y "Siempre estamos en la línea de tiro". La existencia de una red debilitada; la atención basada en el sesgo biomédico; y la fragmentación de la atención fueron características presentes en el cuidado de las familias. Consideraciones finales: La ausencia de atención en red fue evidente, lo que generó aislamiento y sobrecarga de la unidad de atención primaria que se ve reforzada por las características de la ruralidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a rede intersetorial construída a partir da Atenção Primária à Saúde em contexto rural para enfrentamento da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como referencial teórico e metodológico o Paradigma da Complexidade. Participaram dezessete profissionais de saúde de duas Unidades de Saúde da Família rurais de um município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de mapas mínimos da rede institucional e grupos focais, em maio e junho de 2019; foram analisados tematicamente. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias intituladas “Não é inexistente, mas é complicada” e “A gente está sempre na linha do tiro”. A existência de uma rede fragilizada; a atenção pautada pelo viés biomédico; a fragmentação no cuidado foram características presentes no cuidado às famílias. Considerações finais: A ausência de um cuidado em rede ficou evidente, gerando isolamento e sobrecarga da unidade de atenção básica que é potencializada pelas características da ruralidade.

Resumo Os piolhos marinhos são copépodes abrangentemente relatados em teleósteos marinhos ao redor do mundo. Neste estudo, é documentado o primeiro registro de Caligus asperimanus Pearse, 1951, no Atlântico Sul Ocidental, parasitando Lutjanus jocu e Lutjanus vivanus capturados nas zonas costeiras do Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro, respectivamente.

Abstract Sea lice are widespread copepods in marine teleost around the world. In this paper the first record of Caligus asperimanus Pearse, 1951 in the Western South Atlantic is documented parasitizing Lutjanus jocu and Lutjanus vivanus caught from coastal zones of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro State, respectively.

resumo Historicamente, a expansão das cidades resultou na substituição da paisagem natural pela urbana, tendo como consequência a degradação ambiental por meio das mudanças na cobertura do solo, nos sistemas hidrológicos, nos ciclos biogeoquímicos, no clima e na biodiversidade, tornando as cidades especialmente vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas. A reversão desses processos é uma medida que visa a promoção da qualidade de vida nas cidades, na qual a arborização possui um papel fundamental por fornecer uma série de serviços ecossistêmicos valiosos para a promoção da biodiversidade, saúde e bem-estar social. Sendo direito de todos um meio ambiente equilibrado, saudável, de uso comum e essencial à qualidade de vida, o verde urbano é assunto interdisciplinar e de responsabilidade comum e generalizada. Cabe ao poder público a regularização, criação e manutenção dos plantios, promovendo o plantio de árvores a distâncias predeterminadas de acordo com o porte de cada espécie. Porém, os movimentos ativistas se desenvolveram no vácuo da morosidade do poder público seguindo, em geral, o método de adensamento de árvores pautado pelo conceito de sucessão ecológica. Ao promover a restauração dos serviços ecossistêmicos, as duas iniciativas de plantio arbóreo tendem a trazer grandes benefícios às grandes cidades, como São Paulo. Porém, a complexidade da paisagem urbana exige uma avaliação sistêmica dos plantios para definir a sua adequação espacial e otimizar os seus benefícios. O plantio das florestas urbanas não deve ter como objetivo recriar as condições naturais pré-urbanização, mas sim, desenvolver áreas verdes integradas à malha urbana que garantam um ambiente saudável e equilibrado, preservando as interações sociais. Ao visualizar o meio urbano como um ecossistema completo, é possível estabelecer critérios que otimizem os benefícios da arborização urbana. Estes critérios devem ser baseados em conhecimento técnico e científico, levando em conta necessidades sociais, para que o melhor método seja escolhido, caso a caso.

abstract Historically, the expansion of cities resulted in the replacement of natural landscape by urban environments, resulting in environmental degradation through changes in soil cover, hydrological systems, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, making cities particularly vulnerable to climate changes. Environmental restoration in cities is a measure to promote life quality, and urban forests play a key role in restoring the quality of the urban environment. They provide valuable ecosystem services for maintaining biodiversity, ensuring human health, and social well-being. As everyone has the right to live in a balanced, healthy and common use environment essential to suppor quality of life, urban green areas are an interdisciplinary issue of collective concern. It is the responsibility of the government to regulate, plant and manage urban trees in order to standardize urban afforestation by planting trees at predetermined distances according to the size of each species. However, the vacuum in the greening process left by the State is being filled by activists who, in general, use a different protocol that aims at higher tree density based on the notion of ecological succession. By promoting the restoration of ecosystem services, both initiatives tend to bring significant benefits to large cities such as São Paulo. However, the complexity of the urban landscape requires a systemic evaluation of tree planting to define spatial adequacy and optimize benefits. The planting of urban forests should not aim to recreate pre-urban natural conditions, but rather to develop green areas integrated to the urban network that guarantee a healthy and balanced environment while preserving social interactions. By perceiving the urban environment as a complete ecosystem, it is possible to establish criteria that optimize the benefits of urban afforestation. These criteria should be based on technical and scientific knowledge, and take into account social needs, so that the best method is chosen on a case-by-case basis.

Herein we sinthesize and investigate Ir-based nanocatalysts (dispersed in carbon) in different atomic compositions combining two (IrRh) and three metals (IrRhSn). These materials were evaluated towards the ethanol electrooxidation in acidic electrolyte in presence of three ethanol concentrations using cyclic voltammetry, while the species produced during the reaction were monitored by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that IrRh binary electrocatalysts are selective to the production of CO2 from ethanol, but the catalytic activity is poor. This finding is interpreted in terms of a slow adsorption of ethanol that is assumed to be the rate determining step during the electrooxidation of the alcohol. Ternary catalysts, in turn, present higher electrooxidation currents and anticipate the production of CO2. However, the selectivity towards the CO2 pathway is lost and the higher catalityc activity is justified by a growing production of acetic acid, illustrating the influence of Sn on the eletrooxidation of ethanol.

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute response to aerobic exercise on autonomic cardiac control of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: The study sample consisted of eight patients (age: 58.6±7.7 years; body mass index: 26.7±3.5 kg.m2) who underwent a successful CABG (no complications during surgery and/or in the following weeks). To assess heart rate variability (HRV), participants remained in a supine position with a 30-degree head elevation for 20 minutes. Electrocardiographic signal (protocol with three derivations) was collected from 600 Hz sample rate to obtain beat-to-beat intervals (R-R interval). This assessment was performed before, after one hour and after 24 hours of the exercise session. All patients underwent a 35 minutes aerobic exercise session (AES) (low-moderate intensity) on the cycle ergometer. Results: Significant differences were found in the time domain, with positive changes in root mean square of successive RR interval differences (rMSSD) (ms) (parasympathetic component) (one [P=0.017] and 24 hours [P=0.007] post-session). In the frequency domain, we found a significant difference in high frequency (HF) (ms2) (parasympathetic component) (one hour [P=0.048] post-session). The low frequency (LF)/HF ratio (sympathetic and parasympathetic components with a predominance of the sympathetic component) reached statistical significance only 24 hours (P=0.018) post-session. Additionally, the largest effect size was observed only for the LF/HF ratio at one (d=-0.8) and 24 hours (d=-1.3) after one AES. Conclusion: The practice of (acute) aerobic exercise improved autonomic cardiac control in patients undergoing CABG.