ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the agreement of images in white light (WL), fluorescence (FL), and digital radiographs (DR), on the diagnosis and treatment decisions for occlusal caries lesions against a micro-CT gold standard. Material and Methods: Ten extracted third molars, with enamel and/or dentin caries (ICDAS 2-4), were included. Occlusal surface images were acquired with an intraoral camera (SoproLife®) in WL and FL modes. DR was obtained using an intraoral X-ray and a semi-direct digital system. A total of 780 images were needed, organized in a template, to be later examined by twenty-six dentists invited to compose the study. The Generalized Estimation Equations model was used to compare the proportions of the correct answers between the three methods and the gold standard. When significant, Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to identify differences (α=5%). Results: Most of the examiners were specialists (76.9%) with 14.5 years of experience. All diagnostic methods were similar and showed low agreement (DR 12.7%, WL 16.5%, and FL 16.5%) compared with gold standard caries diagnostic scores. Regarding treatment decisions, mean agreement for all diagnostic methods was higher (43.2%; p<0.001), and among all methods, WL (48.1%) and FL (51.2%) modes performed better than DR (30.4%, p<0.001). Conclusion: SoproLife® images could help clinicians to propose rational, minimally invasive treatments for occlusal caries lesions.

ABSTRACT Strategies that aim to condition the soil positively impact ruminant production systems on pasture. The production of litterfall is directly responsible for improvements in the soil's chemical, physical, and biological characteristics. The objective of this study was to quantify and qualify the litterfall deposition of the Silvopastoral System with Eucalyptus (SSP) to compare with Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (FL) and Monoculture Pasture System (MN), as well as the decomposition of deciduous material. For this, 12 litterfall collectors were placed in each ecosystem, where the deposition of deciduous material was measured and stratified every 28 days for 11 months. Litterfall decomposition was evaluated using the litterbags method. The total litterfall production over the evaluated months for SSP, FL, and MN were 10.74, 7.17, and 1.01 t ha-1, respectively. The decomposition constant (k) for SSP and FL were 0.0021 and 0.0025 g g-1 day-1, while the half-life time (T0.5) was 322 and 272 days, respectively. The afforestation of pastures with eucalyptus can potentially increase organic matter production in the system and benefit the other components of SSP.

RESUMO Estratégias que objetivam condicionar o solo impactam positivamente no sistema de produção de ruminantes a pasto. A produção de serapilheira é diretamente responsável por melhorias nas características químicas, físicas e biológicas no solo. Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar e qualificar a deposição de serapilheira do Sistema Silvipastoril com Eucalipto (SSP), a fim de compará-lo com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FL) e Sistema de Pastagem em Monocultivo (MN), assim como a decomposição do material decíduo. Para isso, foram instalados 12 coletores de serapilheira em cada ecossistema, onde foi mensurado e estratificado a deposição do material decíduo a cada 28 dias, por 11 meses. A decomposição da serapilheira foi avaliada através do método de litterbags. A produção total de serapilheira dos meses avaliados para SSP, FL e MN foi de 10,74, 7,17 e 1,01 t ha-1, respectivamente. A constante de decomposição (k) para SSP e FL foi de 0,0021 e 0,0025 g g-1 dia-1, enquanto o tempo de meia vida (T0,5) foi de 322 e 272 dias, respectivamente. A arborização das pastagens com eucalipto tem potencial de aumentar a produção de matéria orgânica no sistema e beneficiar os demais componentes do SSP.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate language ideologies related to the French language present in the texts of students of French as a foreign language (FFL) in six schools in the city of João Pessoa. To this end, answers to one of the questions of a questionnaire completed by 174 language school students were qualitatively analyzed, exploring the thematic content and textual elements from the perspective of text linguistics (Koch, 2000a, 2000b). The analysis was performed based on the discussions of language ideologies (Del Valle, 2007; Arnoux & Del Valle, 2010; and Del Valle & Meirinho-Guede, 2016). Results indicated that the ideas related to the French Language (FL) have several connections to social dimensions, namely aesthetic - FL as a symbol of elegance and refinement and FL as representative of a superior culture -, epistemological - FL as the language of science -, national identity - FL as the language of France -, international identity - FL as the language of diplomacy -, and labor - FL as a language for the labor market.

RESUMO Este trabalho inserido no campo da Política Linguística (PL) tem como objetivo investigar as ideologias linguísticas sobre a língua francesa (LF) presentes em textos de alunos de francês como língua estrangeira (FLE), em seis escolas de língua, na cidade de João Pessoa. Para atingirmos tal objetivo, analisamos, qualitativamente, as respostas a uma pergunta de um questionário aplicado a 174 alunos, explorando o conteúdo temático e os elementos textuais a partir da Linguística Textual (Koch, 2000a, 2000b). A análise foi realizada conforme os pressupostos teóricos das Ideologias Linguísticas (Del Valle, 2007; Arnoux & Del Valle, 2010; e Del Valle & Meirinho-Guede, 2016). Os resultados indicaram que as ideias sobre a LF apresentam conexões diversas com dimensões sociais: estética - LF como símbolo de elegância e requinte e LF como representativa de uma cultura superior-, epistemológica - LF como língua da ciência -, identidade nacional - LF como língua da França -, identidade internacional - LF como língua da diplomacia - e laboral - LF como língua para o mercado de trabalho.

RESUMO Embora a fração de lixiviação (FL) seja utilizada para remover sais da zona radicular em condições de salinidade, quando inadequadamente calculada, pode diminuir a eficiência do uso da água e levar a grandes perdas de nutrientes essenciais. No presente estudo avaliou-se o uso da água, as concentrações de nutrientes foliares em plantas de milho e as perdas de nutrientes em função de duas formas de determinação da FL em plantas de milho cultivadas em colunas de solo sob estresse salino. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com sete repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por duas formas de determinação da FL e as subparcelas por quatro condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 dS m-1). As FL foram determinadas de acordo com 1) a fórmula proposta por Rhoades (RHO) e 2) aplicando uma FL de 0,15 calculado de acordo com o balanço hídrico do solo (SWB). A concentração foliar de N, P, Ca e Mg foi maior nas plantas onde utilizou-se o SWB do que no método de RHO. A concentração foliar de N, P e K diminuiu de acordo com o aumento da salinidade da água, independentemente do método de determinação da FL. A adição de uma FL de 0,15 de acordo com o SWB resultou em diminuição das perdas de nutrientes e maior produtividade física da água, em relação ao RHO. Assim, uma determinação mais precisa da FL aumenta os retornos econômicos da cultura do milho no semiárido quando se utiliza água salina para irrigação.

ABSTRACT Although leaching fraction (LF) is used to remove salts from the root zone under conditions of salinity, if miscalculated, it can decrease water use efficiency and lead to major losses of essential nutrients. This study evaluated the water use efficiency, leaf nutrient concentrations in maize plants, and nutrient losses as a function of two ways of determining the LF in maize crop grown in soil columns under salt stress. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in split plots, with seven replicates. The plots were formed by two methods of determination of LF, and the subplots by four electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 dS m-1). The leaching fractions were established according to 1) the formula proposed by Rhoades (RHO) and 2) by applying a LF of 0.15 calculated according to the soil water balance (SWB). The leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher in plants under SWB than under RHO method. The leaf concentrations of N, P, and K decreased with increased salinity, regardless of the LF. Adding a LF of 0.15 according to SWB resulted in decreased losses of nutrients and higher physical water productivity, as compared to the RHO. Thus, a more precise determination of the LF is needed to increase economic returns for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions when using brackish water for irrigation.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar linhagens de algodoeiro tolerantes ao estresse hídrico, com base em caracteres de produtividade e qualidade de fibra. O experimento foi conduzido em dois experimentos de campo em Quixeramobim - CE sem suplementação hídrica, nos anos: 2018 e 2019. Foram avaliados nove genótipos de algodoeiro, sendo seis linhagens e três cultivares comerciais. Foram mensuradas variáveis relacionadas com produtividade de algodão em pluma e qualidade intrínseca de fibra. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual e conjunta, e a seleção pelo índice de seleção. A variabilidade genética encontrada entre os materiais demonstra a possibilidade de ganhos significativos no processo de seleção do algodoeiro. Os genótipos CNPA 2013 - 2235 RF FL, CNPA 2013 - 2064 RF FL e CNPA 2012 - 160 RF FL e a cultivar FM 944 GL tiveram maior produção e melhor qualidade de fibra em condições de sequeiro.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to select a cotton line tolerant to water stress, based on yield and fiber quality characteristics. A total of nine cotton genotypes were evaluated (six breeding lines and three commercial cultivars) in two field experiments conducted in Quixeramobim - CE without water supplementation in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Traits related to cotton lint yield and intrinsic fiber quality were measured. Data were submitted to individual and joint analysis of variance, and selection by the selection index. The genetic variability among the materials demonstrates the possibility of significant gains in the cotton selection process. The genotypes CNPA 2013 - 2235 RF FL, CNPA 2013 - 2064 RF FL and CNPA 2012 - 160 RF FL, as well as the cultivar FM 944 GL, had higher production and better fiber quality under rainfed conditions.

This paper aims to investigate language ideologies related to the French language present in the texts of students of French as a foreign language (FFL) in six schools in the city of João Pessoa. To this end, answers to one of the questions of a questionnaire completed by 174 language school students were qualitatively analyzed, exploring the thematic content and textual elements from the perspective of text linguistics (Koch, 2000a, 2000b). The analysis was performed based on the discussions of language ideologies (Del Valle, 2007; Arnoux amp; Del Valle, 2010; and Del Valle amp; Meirinho-Guede, 2016). Results indicated that the ideas related to the French Language (FL) have several connections to social dimensions, namely aesthetic – FL as a symbol of elegance and refinement and FL as representative of a superior culture -,nbsp; epistemological – FL as the language of science -, national identity – FL as the language of France -, international identity – FL as the language of diplomacy -, and labor – FL as a language for the labor market.

Este trabalho inserido no campo da Política Linguística (PL) tem como objetivo investigar as ideologias linguísticas sobre a língua francesa (LF) presentes em textos de alunos de francês como língua estrangeira (FLE), em seis escolas de língua, na cidade de João Pessoa. Para atingirmos tal objetivo, analisamos, qualitativamente, as respostas a uma pergunta de um questionário aplicado a 174 alunos, explorando o conteúdo temático e os elementos textuais a partir da Linguística Textual (Koch, 2000a, 2000b). A análise foi realizada conforme os pressupostos teóricos das Ideologias Linguísticas (Del Valle, 2007; Arnoux amp; Del Valle, 2010; e Del Valle amp; Meirinho-Guede, 2016). Os resultados indicaram que as ideias sobre a LF apresentam conexões diversas com dimensões sociais: estética – LF como símbolo de elegância e requinte e LF como representativa de uma cultura superior-, epistemológica – LF como língua da ciência -, identidade nacional – LF como língua da França -, identidade internacional – LF como língua da diplomacia - e laboral – LF como língua para o mercado de trabalho.

RESUMO Reguladores de crescimento (RCs) e tipos de vedação de frascos que permitem as trocas gasosas podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de sistemas de propagação in vitro de plantas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de citocinina na indução de multibrotações e a influência das trocas gasosas no desenvolvimento in vitro de microestacas de Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart. Segmentos nodais foram cultivados em meio suplementado com diferentes concentrações (0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) de 6-benziladenina (BA). No tratamento controle não houve adição de RCs. Após 30 dias de cultivo, as microestacas foram isoladas e transferidas para um meio de enraizamento suplementado com 1,0 mg L-1 de ácido indol-3-butírico. Nesta etapa, os frascos de cultura foram vedados com tampas rígidas de polipropileno com membrana porosa (1 M; 21 μL L-1 s-1 CO2) ou sem membrana (0 M; 14 μL L-1 s-1 CO2). A suplementação de citocinina induziu a ativação de gemas axilares de J. cuspidifolia. Os maiores números de gemas foram observados nos explantes cultivados na presença de 0,5 – 1,0 mg L-1 BA. As microestacas mantidas em frascos com maior nível de troca gasosa (1M) apresentaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento e maiores comprimentos de raiz e de parte aérea. A análise microscópica mostrou maior diferenciação dos tecidos foliares nas plantas mantidas em frascos com maior nível de troca gasosa (1M). Essas plantas também apresentaram maior espessura do mesofilo e consequentemente maior espessura da lâmina foliar. Os resultados obtidos fornecem novas informações para o estabelecimento de um sistema eficiente de propagação in vitro para J. cuspidifolia.

ABSTRACT Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and types of flasks sealing that allow gas exchange can favor the development of in vitro plant propagation systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the eff ects of cytokinin supplementation on the induction of shoot proliferation and the influence of gas exchange on the in vitro development of Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart microcuttings. Nodal segments were cultured in medium supplemented with diff erent concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) of 6-benzyladenine (BA). In the control treatment, there was no addition of PGRs. After 30 days of culture, the microcuttings were isolated and transferred to a rooting medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid. At this stage, the culture fl asks were sealed with rigid polypropylene lids with a porous membrane (1 M; 21 μL L-1 s-1 CO2) or with no membrane (0 M; 14 μL L-1 s-1 CO2). Cytokinin supplementation induced the activation of axillary buds of J. cuspidifolia. The highest numbers of shoots were observed in explants cultivated in the presence of 0.5–1.0 mg L-1 BA. The microcuttings kept in flasks with a higher level of gas exchange (1M) had a higher percentage of rooting and greater root and shoot lengths. Microscopic analysis showed a greater differentiation of leaf tissues in plants kept in flasks with a higher level of gas exchange (1M). These plants also showed greater mesophyll thickness and, consequently, greater leaf blade thickness. The results provide new information for establishing an efficient in vitro propagation system for J. cuspidifolia.

ABSTRACT. Flaxseed oil is recognized as the plant source richest in α-linolenic acid, whereas clove leaf essential oil has a strong antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity of diets containing a combination of flaxseed oil (FO) and clove leaf essential oil (CLEO), as well as to use zebrafish (Danio rerio) to assess their effect on the animals’ growth. Fifty days after hatching, a total of 420 male specimens (0.29 ± 0.04 g) were divided into seven groups for each diet and fed for 55 days to be used, with the diets being: control, absent FO and CLEO; 3% FO + 0.5% CLEO; 3% FO + 1% CLEO; 6% FO + 0.5% CLEO; 6% FO + 1% CLEO; 9% FO + 0.5% CLEO and 9% FO + 1% CLEO. Antioxidant activity was determined through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests, showing interaction effect between factors (FO x CLEO, p < 0.05); the diets containing 1% combined with 3, 6 or 9% of FO presented means higher than those of the 0.5% diets. No mortality was observed during the experiment. For final weight and weight gain, there was no interaction effect (p > 0.05), only isolated effect for FO, with the fish fed 6 and 9% diets having the best results. Final total length and specific growth rates showed interaction effect (p < 0.05). As for specific growth rates, the best response was that of the diet with 6% FO and 0.5% CLEO. Final length showed increase with FO levels, even when there was association with 0.5 or 1% of CLEO. Therefore, combined use of 9% of FL with 0.5% of CLEO is recommended for zebrafish.

Resumen Este artículo considera la Carta de Pablo a los Filipenses como una oportunidad para enseñar, alentar y alentar; notas distintivas del Apóstol de los Gentiles (Rom 11,13. Busca resaltar estas características del uso de textos del Antiguo Testamento, siguiendo el método G. K. Beale en su Manual de uso del Antiguo Testamento en el Nuevo Testamento, y de la obra de R. B. Hays, Ecos de las Escrituras en las Cartas de Pablo. Es por el método utilizado para identificar el uso del Antiguo Testamento (AT) en el Nuevo Testamento que el apóstol Pablo empleó e interpretó las citas, alusiones y ecos de los textos del Antiguo Testamento que marcan e influyen en su escritura, en el cotidiano de su vida comunitaria, basada en la realidad concreta de la vida de la Iglesia de Filipos. Además, busca comprender la forma en que Pablo vio estos pasajes, cómo contribuyeron e influyeron en el apóstol en el momento en que se redactó la carta, dada la realidad de la comunidad que la recibió, releyendo siempre estos textos. Todavía se examinan cuidadosamente dos puntos: el análisis del himno cristológico en Filipenses 2:611 y la pregunta relativa sobre la unidad de esta carta que se considera auténticamente paulina. Por lo tanto, el texto pretende ser una ayuda para comprender el uso del Antiguo Testamento en el Nuevo Testamento, que proviene masivamente de la LXX y no del texto hebreo, como se ve igualmente en todo el Nuevo Testamento y no solo para las letras paulinas.

Abstract This article considers Paul's Epistle to the Philippians as an opportunity for teaching, incentive and motivation, distinctive contributions of the Apostle to the Gentiles (Rom. 11: 13). Thus, the research highlights these features based on the use of the texts of the Old Testament according to the method developed in G. K. Beale's Manual do uso do Antigo Testamento no Novo Testamento and R. B. Hays' Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. Following the method used to identify the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, the article aims at understanding how Paul appropriated and interpreted the allusions and echoes of the ancient texts that left a mark on him and influenced his writing. It also aims at understanding how Paul grasped these passages and how they contributed to and influenced the apostle in the moments when the letter was written. He always re-interpreted those texts, in the everyday life of his community, according to the concrete experience of the life of the Church in Philippi. Finally, it also carefully considers two further things: the analysis of the Christological Hymn (Phil. 2: 10-11) and the issue concerning the unity of the epistle, which is regarded as authentically Pauline. Therefore, the article helps to understand how the New Testament appropriates the Old Testament, basing itself on the LXX and not the Hebrew Bible, which occurs not only in the Pauline epistles, but in the whole New Testament.

Resumo 0 presente artigo considera a Carta de Paulo aos Filipenses como oportunidade de ensino, incentivo e encorajamento; apontamentos distintivos do Apóstolo dos Gentios (Rm 11,13). Procura pôr em evidência essas características a partir do uso de textos do Antigo Testamento, seguindo o método G. K. Beale, em seu Manual do uso do Antigo Testamento no Novo Testamento, e da obra de R. B. Hays, Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. A partir do método utilizado para identificar o uso do Antigo Testamento (AT) no Novo Testamento (NT), busca-se saber como o apóstolo Paulo empregou e interpretou as alusões e ecos dos textos veterotestamentários que marcam e influenciam sua redação. Além disso, busca-se compreender o modo como essas passagens foram vistas por Paulo, como elas contribuíram e influenciaram o apóstolo nos momentos em que a carta foi escrita, diante da realidade da comunidade que a recebeu, fazendo sempre uma releitura desses textos, no cotidiano de sua vida comunitária, a partir da realidade concreta da vida da Igreja de Filipos. Busca-se também examinar com atenção dois pontos: a análise do hino cristológico, em Fl 2,10-11, e a relativa questão sobre a unidade dessa carta tida como autenticamente paulina. Dessa forma, o texto se propõe como um auxiliador na compreensão do uso do Antigo Testamento no Novo Testamento, que maciçamente se dá a partir da LXX e não do Texto Hebraico, como se constata igualmente em todo o Novo Testamento e não apenas para as cartas paulinas.

ABSTRACT Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the most consumed vegetables around the world. Balanced fertilization is essential for growing this vegetable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and morphological attributes of bell pepper under doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. Two experiments were carried out with applications of biological fertilizers prepared from manure and enriched organic compounds with cattle manure and sheep manure. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 4 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to doses of biological fertilizers (100, 200, 300 and 400 L ha-1), times of application (0, 30 and 60 days after transplanting - DAT) and control. The evaluated variables were: total fruit weight (TFW), number of commercial fruits (NCF), number of non-commercial fruits (NNCF), fruit weight (FW), fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), resistance of fruit peel (RFP), number of flower buds (NFB) and productivity (P). Biological fertilizers caused positive effects on TFW, NCF, FW and P of bell pepper. The application of cattle manure at 60 DAT and sheep manure at 30 DAT promoted a larger fruit diameter. The FW, FL and RFP were influenced by the doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. The application of biofertilizers is efficient in the production of bell pepper.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários de cães castrados, utilizando as técnicas de fluxo retrógrado (FR) e flutuação (FL) em diluidor Tris-gema, antes e após a criopreservação. Foram coletados 30 complexos testículo-epididímos (CTE), sendo 15 para FR e 15 para FL, e, logo após a recuperação dos espermatozoides, foram analisadas as alterações morfológicas nessas células espermáticas. Após a adição do diluidor, foram avaliados os parâmetros de motilidade total (MOT) e vigor (V) espermáticos. O sêmen pós-criopreservado foi submetido ao teste de termorresistência nos tempos T0, T30, T60 e T90 minutos, além da avaliação das membranas plasmática e acrossomal por sondas fluorescentes. Não houve diferença estatística entre as técnicas quanto à MOT e ao vigor no sêmen diluído (FR-MOT: 82,3% e V: 3,4; FL-MOT: 79,6% e V: 3,2) e pós-criopreservado (FR-MOT: 34% e V: 2,8; FL-MOT: 30% e V: 2,7). A partir do T30, houve diferença significativa quanto à MOT e ao vigor nas técnicas utilizadas, e o tempo também prejudicou o acrossoma espermático a partir do T30. Conclui-se que as técnicas de recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários de cães castrados, testadas neste trabalho, podem ser utilizadas para refrigeração e criopreservação de sêmen.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the recovery of epididymal spermatozoa from castrated dogs using retrograde flow (FL) and flotation (FL) techniques in Tris-egg yolk diluent, before and after cryopreservation. Thirty testicle-epididymal complexes (CTE) were collected, 15 for FR and 15 for FL and soon after spermatozoid recovery, morphological changes in these spermatic cells were analyzed. After addition of the diluent, the parameters of total motility (MOT) and vigor (V) were evaluated. The post-cryopreserved semen was submitted to thermoresistance (TTR) test at T0, T30, T60 and T90 minutes, as well as the plasma and acrosomal membrane evaluation by fluorescent probes. There was no statistically significant difference between techniques tested for MOT and vigor in the diluted semen (FR-MOT: 82.3% and V: 3.4, FL-MOT: 79.6% and V: 3.2) and post-cryopreserved (FR-MOT: 34% and V: 2.8, FL-MOT: 30% and V: 2.7). From the T30 there was a significant difference regarding MOT and vigor in the used techniques, and the time also damaged the spermatic acrosome from the T30. It is concluded that the epididymal spermatozoa recovering techniques from castrated dogs, tested in this study, can be used for semen refrigeration and cryopreservation.

RESUMO Em busca de maior retorno econômico após o transplantio das mudas, muitos produtores de morango têm feito o cultivo por dois ciclos consecutivos. No entanto, há necessidade de estimar o desenvolvimento fenológico e avaliar o potencial agronômico do morangueiro nesse sistema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a necessidade térmica, a taxa de aparecimento foliar, o filocrono e a produtividade de cultivares de morangueiro no segundo ciclo de cultivo, em comparação ao primeiro, na região do Terceiro Planalto Paranaense. Avaliaram-se as cultivares Camarosa, Camino Real, Albion, Aromas, Monterrey e San Andreas, utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetições. A taxa de aparecimento foliar foi estimada a partir do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre o número de folhas e a soma térmica acumulada, enquanto o filocrono foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão. Observou-se que Aromas foi a única cultivar que aumentou a produção de frutos no segundo ciclo. Ao contrário, nesse mesmo ciclo houve considerável redução da produção para ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Monterrey’ e ‘San Andreas’. Destacaram-se com maior número e massa de frutos comerciais do segundo e primeiro ciclo, ‘Camarosa’ e ‘Camino Real’, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo de cultivo, as cultivares de morangueiro necessitaram menor soma térmica acumulada para iniciar o florescimento e colheita dos frutos e, apresentaram maior taxa de aparecimento foliar e menores valores de filocrono.

ABSTRACT Several strawberry growers have cultivated the same plants for two consecutive cycles aiming a greater economic return after seedling transplant. However, the phenological development and the agronomic potential of second-cycle strawberry have to be estimated. This research was installed to estimate the thermal need, leaf appearance rate, phyllochron and yield of strawberry cultivars in two consecutive crop cycles in the region of the Third Planalto Paranaense. Cultivars Camarosa, Camino Real, Albion, Aromas, Monterrey and San Andreas were evaluated in the first and second growing cycles using completely randomized blocks and four replications. Leaf appearance rate was estimated by linear regression coefficient between the number of leaves and the accumulated thermal sum. Phyllochron was estimated by the inverse of regression coefficient. Aromas was the only cultivar with an increased fruit production in the second cycle. On the contrary, there was a considerable reduction of production for ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Monterrey’ and ‘San Andreas’ in that same cycle. The highest number and mass of marketable fruits of the second and first cycles were observed for ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Camino Real’, respectively. In the second crop cycle, strawberry cultivars required a lower thermal sum to begin flowering and fruit harvest. The plants presented a higher leaf appearance rate and low phyllochron values.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of ultrasonic and sonic activation on physicochemical properties of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, ADSeal, GuttaFlow Bioseal, and GuttaFlow 2 sealers. Methodology: Three experimental groups were formed: no activation (NA), ultrasonic activation (UA), and sonic activation (SA). The sealers were manipulated according to the manufacturers’ instructions. A 3-mL syringe was adapted to receive 1 mL of sealer. Activation was performed with a 20/.01 ultrasonic insert (20 s/1W) in the UA group. A size 35.04 sonic tip was used (20 s/10,000 cycles/min-1) in the SA group. The molds for physicochemical analysis were filled and evaluated according to ANSI/ADA specification no. 57: setting time (ST), flow (FL), dimensional change (DC), solubility (SB), and radiopacity (RD). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests (P<0.05). Results: Regarding ST, only AH Plus and GuttaFlow 2 in the NA group met the ANSI/ADA standards. All FL values were greater than 20 mm in diameter, as determined by ANSI/ADA. The tested sealers and protocols did not comply with the ANSI/ADA standards for DC. As for SB, only MTA Fillapex, regardless of the activation protocol, did not follow the ANSI/ADA standards. All of the investigated sealers, regardless of the activation protocol, presented radiographic density higher than 3 mm Al, as proposed by ANSI/ADA. Conclusions: UA and SA promoted changes in the physicochemical properties of the evaluated root canal sealers, mainly in ST and F. Thus, it is important to evaluate the physicochemical properties of endodontic sealers associated with activation techniques prior to clinical application in order to determine whether the properties follow the parameters set by ANSI/ADA, ensuring safety and quality of root canal filling.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 55 espécies pertencentes a 15 gêneros da família Myrtaceae ocorrentes na “Reserva do Parque Estadual da Fontes do Ipiranga”. Os seguintes táxons são incluídos: Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Calyptranthes concinna DC., C. grandifolia O. Berg, Campomanesia eugenioides (Cambess.) D. Legrand ex Landrum, C. guaviroba (DC.) Kiaerk., C. guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, C. phaea (O. Berg) Landrum, C. pubescens (DC) O. Berg, Eugenia beaurepaireana (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, E. bimarginata DC., E. cerasifl ora Miq., E. cereja D. Legrand, E. convexinervia D. Legrand, E. dodonaeifolia Cambess., E. excelsa O. Berg, E. handroana D. Legrand, E. neoglomerata Sobral, E. neoverrucosa Sobral, E. pruinosa D. Legrand, E. punicifolia (Kunth) DC., E. pyriformis Cambess., E. speciosa Cambess., E. stigmatosa DC., Gomidesia affi nis (Cambess.) D. Legrand, G. anacardiaefolia (Gardner) O. Berg, G. sellowiana O. Berg, G. tijucensis (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, Marlierea parvifl ora O. Berg, M. racemosa (Vell.) Kiaersk., Myrceugenia rufescens (DC.) D. Legrand & Kausel, Myrcia amazonica DC., M. citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb., M. fallax (Rich.) DC., M. guianensis (Aubl.), M. laruotteana Cambess., M. laxifl ora Cambess., M. macrocarpa DC., M. multifl ora (Lam.) DC., M. pubipetala Miq., M. pulchra (O. Berg) Kiaersk., M. retorta Cambess., M. rostrata DC., M. tenuivenosa Kiaersk, M. tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., M. venulosa D.C., Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg, M. fl oribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Neomitranthes pedicellata (Burret) Mattos, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum, Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, P. cinereum Mart. ex DC., P. guineense Sw., P. myrtoides O. Berg, P. rufum Mart ex DC. e Siphoneugena widgreniana O. Berg. Para todos os táxons estudados são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações.

ABSTRACT This work presents a study of pollen grains of 55 species from 15 genera of Myrtaceae occurring in the “Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga”. The following taxa are included: Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Calyptranthes concinna DC., C. grandifolia O. Berg, Campomanesia eugenioides (Cambess.) D. Legrand ex Landrum, C. guaviroba (DC.) Kiaerk., C. guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, C. phaea (O. Berg) Landrum, C. pubescens (DC) O. Berg, Eugenia beaurepaireana (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, E. bimarginata DC., E. cerasifl ora Miq., E. cereja D. Legrand, E. convexinervia D. Legrand, E. dodonaeifolia Cambess., E. excelsa O. Berg, E. handroana D. Legrand, E. neoglomerata Sobral, E. neoverrucosa Sobral, E. pruinosa D. Legrand, E. punicifolia (Kunth) DC., E. pyriformis Cambess., E. speciosa Cambess., E. stigmatosa DC., Gomidesia affi nis (Cambess.) D. Legrand, G. anacardiaefolia (Gardner) O. Berg, G. sellowiana O. Berg, G. tijucensis (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, Marlierea parvifl ora O. Berg, M. racemosa (Vell.) Kiaersk., Myrceugenia rufescens (DC.) D. Legrand & Kausel, Myrcia amazonica DC., M. citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb., M. fallax (Rich.) DC., M. guianensis (Aubl.), M. laruotteana Cambess., M. laxifl ora Cambess., M. macrocarpa DC., M. multiflora (Lam.) DC., M. pubipetala Miq., M. pulchra (O. Berg) Kiaersk., M. retorta Cambess., M. rostrata DC., M. tenuivenosa Kiaersk, M. tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., M. venulosa DC., Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg, M. fl oribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Neomitranthes pedicellata (Burret) Mattos, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum, Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, P. cinereum Mart. ex DC., P. guineense Sw., P. myrtoides O. Berg, P. rufum Mart. ex DC., and Siphoneugena widgreniana O. Berg. Descriptions, illustrations, and observations are presented for all studied taxa.

ABSTRACT: Among the species related to sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum (L.) is a wild species with the greatest potential as a source of genetic variation to cope with biomass production in harsh environments. Due to its high yield, early vigor, ratooning ability, low input requirements and tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, sugarcane breeders have shown interest in its contribution, as a donor of genes, to the development of high biomass energy canes. The conservation, evaluation and utilization of the genetic variability of S. spontaneum available in germplasm collections are critical for breeding, but, given the aggressive rhizomatous growth habit and the ability to propagate via seed dispersal, S. spontaneum is classified as a noxious weed in several nations, including the U.S.A. As a result, field trials are restrictive and few phenotypic analyses have been carried out on these collections. In the present study, a subset of 130 S. spontaneum accessions obtained from the World Collection of Sugarcane and Related Grasses in Miami, FL has been characterized phenotypically - with either morphological and agronomic traits (including composition analysis) or reaction to abiotic stress and genotypically - molecular markers (Simple Sequence Repeats - SSR). Using these data, a core collection has been established, genotypes with positive agronomic traits have been identified and are being used as parents for hybridization crosses, aimed at genetic improvement of sugarcane and energycane.