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au:SILVA, FLAVIO H.

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Mechanism and Kinetics of the Degradation of Nitazoxanide and Hydroxychloroquine Drugs by Hydroxyl Radicals: Theoretical Approach to Ecotoxicity
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Sanches-Neto, Flávio O.

; Coutinho, Nayara D.

; Aquilanti, Vincenzo

; Silva, Wender A.

; Carvalho-Silva, Valter H.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2023, Volume 34 N. 8 Pages 1119 - 1129

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The efforts of contrasting the effects caused by the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic increased the disposal of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper reports the mechanisms and kinetics of the degradation in aqueous environments induced by •OH of two drugs, among those most widely probed at the outbreak of coronavirus, nitazoxanide and hydroxychloroquine. The investigation exploits quantum chemistry techniques and a reaction rate theory combined with diffusion-controlled processes and quantum mechanical tunneling. The reaction rate constants are obtained in an environmentally relevant temperature range. The results show that (i) the deacetylation of nitazoxanide with formation of tizoxanide is kinetically the most favorable channel, in agreement with experimental work; (ii) for hydroxychloroquine, the present theoretical calculations show that the most favorable channel is the addition of •OH at the aromatic ring. The half-life time degradation products are for both cases in the range between 12 to 138 days. Both drugs presented toxicities between harmful and toxic as obtained by computational toxicology calculations. The toxicity is also calculated for the degradation products: (i) in the nitazoxanide degradation process, tizoxanide was characterized as more toxic, while (ii) in the case of hydroxychloroquine, the major degradation product showed a decrease in the toxicity.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230025

Agronomic performance of cowpea cultivars inoculated with rhizobia in the brazilian semiarid region
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Oliveira, Pedro R. H. de

; Lopes, Welder de A. R.

; Silveira, Flávio P. da M.

; Santos, Manoel G. dos

; Santos, Gisele L. dos

; Silva, Silvana F. da

; Silveira, Lindomar M. da

; Barros Júnior, Aurélio P.

Revista Caatinga

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2023, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 785 - 793

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of cowpea cultivars inoculated with rhizobia strains recommended for cowpea in a semiarid environment. Experiments were carried out in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, in two agricultural cycles: the first from January to April 2019, and the second from June to August of the same year. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with four replications arranged in a 4 × 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with treatments consisting of four cowpea cultivars: ‘BRS Imponente’, ‘BRS Itaim’, ‘BRS Novaera’, and ‘BRS Tumucumaque’ as well as three sources of N, two strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. registered for cowpea (BR 3262 and BR 3267) and, the application of mineral N (50 kg ha-1), beyond an absolute control, without inoculation or application of mineral N. In addition to two planting seasons. The cultivar ‘BRS Tumucumaque’ showed greater productive potential. The inoculation of cowpea seeds with Bradyrhizobium strains BR 3262 and BR 3267 provided grain yields similar to those obtained with the application of mineral N.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência agronômica de cultivares de feijão-caupi inoculadas com linhagens de rizóbios recomendadas para feijão-caupi em ambiente semiárido. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, em duas safras agrícolas: o primeiro de janeiro a abril de 2019, e o segundo de junho a agosto do mesmo ano. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 4 × 4 x 2, com tratamentos constituídos por quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi: 'BRS Imponente', 'BRS Itaim', 'BRS Novaera' e 'BRS Tumucumaque' e três fontes de N, duas linhagens de Bradyrhizobium spp. registradas para o feijão-caupi (BR 3262 e BR 3267), aplicação de N mineral (50 kg ha-1), além de uma testemunha absoluta, sem inoculação ou aplicação de N mineral. Além de duas épocas de plantio. A cultivar 'BRS Tumucumaque' apresentou maior potencial produtivo. A inoculação de sementes de feijão-caupi com as linhagens de Bradyrhizobium BR 3262 e BR 3267 proporcionou rendimentos de grãos semelhantes aos obtidos com a aplicação de N mineral.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n406rc

INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY IN WATERMELON GENOTYPE WITH POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE (Podosphaera xanthii)
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SILVA, CARLA MARIA DE JESUS

; DIAS, RITA DE CÁSSIA SOUZA

; SANTOS, JOICE SIMONE DOS

; SOUZA, FLÁVIO DE FRANÇA

; MELO, NATONIEL FRANKLIN DE

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2022, Volume 35 N. 3 Pages 505 - 513

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A melancia triploide é muito apreciada pelos mercados mais exigentes, e, devido ao seu tamanho reduzido, torna-se ideal para consumo em famílias pequenas. Com o incremento de áreas cultivadas com melancia sem sementes no mundo, há demanda pelo desenvolvimento de germoplasma tetraploides para obtenção de híbridos triploides de melhor desempenho agronômico. Foram realizados dois ensaios com o objetivo de induzir poliploidia na Linhagem resistente ao oídio desenvolvida pela Embrapa Semiárido, LDRO, sob diferentes concentrações de colchicina e métodos de aplicação. As sementes foram tratadas com colchicina (0,0%; 0,1% e 0,2%) por 24h e 48h (Experimento 1) e sob diferentes métodos de aplicação de colchicina a 0,2% a) direto na semente (MDS) com e sem escarificação, b) sementes com emissão da radícula (MER), c) no ponto de inserção entre o hipocótilo e a raiz (MIHR), d) no ápice da plântula (MAP) e e) no hipocótilo invertido (MHI) (Experimento 2). Foi realizada a análise citogenética (contagem do número cromossômico), do número de cloroplastos por pares de células-guardas, número de estômatos, altura da plântula e diâmetro do hipocótilo. Na Linhagem LDRO, a duplicação cromossômica ocorreu em algumas células das plantas, mas não foi possível obter plantas 100% tetraploides. A colchicina a 0,2% por 48h sem escarificação mecânica induz a duplicação cromossômica em melancia. A análise do número de cloroplastos identifica os níveis de ploidia, de forma precoce, reduzindo o número de plantas, que serão avaliadas em citogenética, sendo que esta permite identificar com maior precisão os diferentes níveis de ploidia da planta.

ABSTRACT Triploid watermelon is highly appreciated by the most demanding markets, and due to its small size, it is ideal for consumption by small families. With the growth in areas cultivated with seedless watermelon worldwide, there is a demand for the development of tetraploid germplasm to obtain triploid hybrids with better agronomic performance. This study performed two tests to induce polyploidy in the powdery mildew–resistant line developed by Embrapa Semi-Arid, LDRO, under different colchicine concentrations and application methods. In Experiment 1, the seeds were treated with colchicine (0.0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) for 24 h and 48 h. In Experiment 2, 0.2% colchicine was applied by different methods: (a) directly on the seed (MDS) with and without scarification, (b) on seeds with radicle emission (MER), (c) at the insertion point between the hypocotyl and the root (MIHR), (d) at the seedling apex (MAP), and (e) in the inverted hypocotyl (MHI). Chromosome count (cytogenetic analysis), number of chloroplasts per pair of guard cells, number of stomata, seedling height, and hypocotyl diameter were measured. In the LDRO line, chromosomal duplication occurred in some plant cells, but it was not possible to obtain 100% tetraploid plants. Colchicine (0.2%) for 48 h without mechanical scarification induced chromosomal duplication in watermelon. The analysis of the number of chloroplasts identified the level of ploidy early, reducing the number of plants needed to be evaluated by cytogenetics, which allowed us to more accurately identify the different levels of ploidy of the plant.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n301rc

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020
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Barroso, Weimar Kunz Sebba

; Rodrigues, Cibele Isaac Saad

; Bortolotto, Luiz Aparecido

; Mota-Gomes, Marco Antônio

; Brandão, Andréa Araujo

; Feitosa, Audes Diógenes de Magalhães

; Machado, Carlos Alberto

; Poli-de-Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo

; Amodeo, Celso

; Mion Júnior, Décio

; Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte

; Nobre, Fernando

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Vilela-Martin, José Fernando

; Yugar-Toledo, Juan Carlos

; Magalhães, Maria Eliane Campos

; Neves, Mário Fritsch Toros

; Jardim, Paulo César Brandão Veiga

; Miranda, Roberto Dischinger

; Póvoa, Rui Manuel dos Santos

; Fuchs, Sandra C

; Alessi, Alexandre

; Lucena, Alexandre Jorge Gomes de

; Avezum, Alvaro

; Sousa, Ana Luiza Lima

; Pio-Abreu, Andrea

; Sposito, Andrei Carvalho

; Pierin, Angela Maria Geraldo

; Paiva, Annelise Machado Gomes de

; Spinelli, Antonio Carlos de Souza

; Nogueira, Armando da Rocha

; Dinamarco, Nelson

; Eibel, Bruna

; Forjaz, Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes

; Zanini, Claudia Regina de Oliveira

; Souza, Cristiane Bueno de

; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de

; Nilson, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes

; Costa, Elisa Franco de Assis

; Freitas, Elizabete Viana de

; Duarte, Elizabeth da Rosa

; Muxfeldt, Elizabeth Silaid

; Lima Júnior, Emilton

; Campana, Erika Maria Gonçalves

; Cesarino, Evandro José

; Marques, Fabiana

; Argenta, Fábio

; Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda Marciano

; Baptista, Fernanda Spadotto

; Almeida, Fernando Antonio de

; Borelli, Flávio Antonio de Oliveira

; Fuchs, Flávio Danni

; Plavnik, Frida Liane

; Salles, Gil Fernando

; Feitosa, Gilson Soares

; Silva, Giovanio Vieira da

; Guerra, Grazia Maria

; Moreno Júnior, Heitor

; Finimundi, Helius Carlos

; Back, Isabela de Carlos

; Oliveira Filho, João Bosco de

; Gemelli, João Roberto

; Mill, José Geraldo

; Ribeiro, José Marcio

; Lotaif, Leda A. Daud

; Costa, Lilian Soares da

; Magalhães, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha

; Drager, Luciano Ferreira

; Martin, Luis Cuadrado

; Scala, Luiz César Nazário

; Almeida, Madson Q.

; Gowdak, Marcia Maria Godoy

; Klein, Marcia Regina Simas Torres

; Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar

; Kuschnir, Maria Cristina Caetano

; Pinheiro, Maria Eliete

; Borba, Mario Henrique Elesbão de

; Moreira Filho, Osni

; Passarelli Júnior, Oswaldo

; Coelho, Otavio Rizzi

; Vitorino, Priscila Valverde de Oliveira

; Ribeiro Junior, Renault Mattos

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Franco, Roberto

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo

; Mulinari, Rogerio Andrade

; Paula, Rogério Baumgratz de

; Okawa, Rogério Toshiro Passos

; Rosa, Ronaldo Fernandes

; Amaral, Sandra Lia do

; Ferreira-Filho, Sebastião R.

; Kaiser, Sergio Emanuel

; Jardim, Thiago de Souza Veiga

; Guimarães, Vanildo

; Koch, Vera H.

; Oigman, Wille

; Nadruz, Wilson

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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mar 2021, Volume 116 N. 3 Pages 516 - 658

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20201238 10948 downloads

Generalizability of machine learning models and empirical equations for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration from temperature in a semiarid region
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FERREIRA, LUCAS B.

; CUNHA, FERNANDO F. DA

; SILVA, GUSTAVO H. DA

; CAMPOS, FLAVIO B.

; DIAS, SANTOS H.B.

; SANTOS, JANNAYTON E.O.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 1 elocation e20200304

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Penman-Monteith equation is recommended for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, it requires meteorological data that are commonly unavailable. Thus, this study evaluates artificial neural network (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and the original and calibrated Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Penman-Monteith temperature (PMT) equations for the estimation of daily ETo using temperature. Two scenarios were considered: (i) local, models were calibrated/developed and evaluated using data from individual weather stations; (ii) regional, models were calibrated/developed using pooled data from several stations and evaluated independently in each one. Local models were also evaluated outside the calibration/training station. Data from 9 stations were used. The original PMT outperformed the original HS, but after local or regional calibrations, they performed similarly. The locally calibrated equations and the local machine learning models exhibited higher performances than their regional versions. However, the regional models had higher generalization capacity, with a more stable performance between stations. The machine learning models performed better than the equations evaluated. When comparing the ANN models with the HS equation, mean RMSE reduced from 0.96 to 0.87 and from 0.84 to 0.73, in regional and local scenarios, respectively. ANN and MARS performed similarly, with a slight advantage for ANN.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200304 487 downloads

Identification of the Artery of Adamkiewicz Using Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography (MCTA)
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Piola, Flávio P.F.

; Nogueira-Barbosa, Marcello H.

; Maranho, Daniel A.C.

; Martins, Adélson A.

; Barbosa, Maurício F.

; Herrero, Carlos F.P. Silva

Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia

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feb 2020, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 70 - 74

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a artéria de Adamkiewicz por angiotomografia computadorizada por multidetectores (ATCM) em uma população brasileira. Métodos Dois observadores independentes avaliaram 86 exames de ACTM. As variáveis estudadas incluíram a identificação da artéria de Adamkiewicz no nível de origem e o lado de entrada da artéria na coluna vertebral. Resultados A artéria de Adamkiewicz foi identificada em 71 (82,5%) exames. O nível de origem foi identificado entre a 9a e a 11a vértebras torácicas (T9 e T11) em 56 (79,2%) pacientes. Em 65 (91,5%) pacientes, a artéria foi identificada no lado esquerdo. A identificação da artéria de Adamkiewicz usando ACTM mostrou elevada reprodutibilidade. Conclusões Obtivemos resultados consistentes com os da literatura prévia quanto à identificação da artéria de Adamkiewicz utilizando angiotomografia computadorizada por multidetectores. Nossos resultados sugerem que a ATCM pode ser considerada como uma opção para identificar a artéria de Adamkiewicz. Além disso, encontramos uma distribuição da artéria de Adamkiewicz na população brasileira semelhante à de outras populações, com a artéria de Adamkiewicz originando-se mais comumente no lado esquerdo, entre a 8a e a 12a vértebras torácicas (T8-T12).

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the artery of Adamkiewicz by multidetector computed tomography angiography (MCTA) in a Brazilian population. Methods Two independent observers evaluated 86 coronary MCTA examinations. The variables studied included the identification of the artery of Adamkiewicz at its origin level, and its entry side in the spine. Results The artery of Adamkiewicz was detected in 71 (82.5%) examinations. The origin level was identified between the 9th and 11th thoracic vertebrae (T9 and T11) in 56 (79.2%) patients. In 65 (91.5%) patients, the artery was on the left side. The identification of the artery of Adamkiewicz using MCTA showed high reproducibility. Conclusions Our results were consistent with the literature regarding the identification of the artery of Adamkiewicz using MCTA, suggesting that this technique should be considered as an option to recognize this structure. In addition, we found that the distribution of the artery of Adamkiewicz in the Brazilian population is similar to that of other populations, that is, its most common origin is at the left side, between the 8th and 12th thoracic vertebrae (T8-T12).

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700829 779 downloads

Extractos de los documentos de posicionamientos y recomendaciones mexicanas en enfermedades cardiovasculares y COVID-19
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Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A.

; Gutiérrez-Fajardo, Pedro

; Cabrera-Rayo, Alfredo

; Sosa-Caballero, Alejandro

; Piña-Reyna, Yigal

; Merino-Rajme, José A.

; Heredia-Delgado, José A.

; Cruz-Alvarado, Jaime E.

; Galindo-Uribe, Jaime

; Rogel-Martínez, Ulises

; González-Hermosillo, Jesús A.

; Ávila-Vanzzini, Nydia

; Sánchez-Carranza, Jesús A.

; Jímenez-Orozco, Jorge H.

; Sahagún-Sánchez, Guillermo

; Fanghänel-Salmón, Guillermo

; Albores-Figueroa, Rosenberg

; Carrillo-Esper, Raúl

; Reyes-Terán, Gustavo

; Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E.

; Borrayo-Sánchez, Gabriela

; Ríos, Manuel Odín de los

; Berni-Betancourt, Ana C.

; Cortés-Lawrenz, Jorge

; Leiva-Pons, José L.

; Ortiz-Fernández, Patricio H.

; López-Cuellar, Julio

; Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego

; Madrid-Miller, Alejandra

; Saturno-Chiu, Guillermo

; Beltrán-Nevárez, Octavio

; Enciso-Muñoz, José M.

; García-Rincón, Andrés

; Pérez-Soriano, Patricia

; Herrera-Gomar, Magali

; Lozoya del Rosal, José J.

; Fajardo-Juárez, Armando I.

; Olmos-Temois, Sergio G.

; Rodríguez-Reyes, Humberto

; Ortiz-Galván, Fernando

; Márquez-Murillo, Manlio F.

; Celaya-Cota, Manuel de J.

; Cigarroa-López, José A.

; Magaña-Serrano, José A.

; Álvarez-Sangabriel, Amada

; Ruíz-Ruíz, Vicente

; Chávez-Mendoza, Adolfo

; Méndez-Ortíz, Arturo

; León-González, Salvador

; Guízar-Sánchez, Carlos

; Izaguirre-Ávila, Raúl

; Grimaldo-Gómez, Flavio A.

; Preciado-Anaya, Andrés

; Ruiz-Gastélum, Edith

; Fernández-Barros, Carlos L.

; Gordillo, Antonio

; Alonso-Sánchez, Jesús

; Cerón-Enríquez, Norma

; Núñez-Urquiza, Juan P.

; Silva-Torres, Jesús

; Pacheco-Beltrán, Nancy

; García-Saldivia, Marianna A.

; Pérez-Gámez, Juan C.

; Lezama-Urtecho, Carlos

; López-Uribe, Carlos

; López-Mora, Gerardo E.

; Rivera-Reyes, Romina

Archivos de cardiología de México

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2020, Volume 90 Suppl. 1 Pages 100 - 110

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The recommendations in which the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) in conjunction with the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) as well as different Mexican medical associations linked to cardiology are presented, after a comprehensive and consensual review and analysis of the topics related to cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific positions are analyzed and responsible recommendations on general measures are given to patients, with personal care, healthy eating, regular physical activity, actions in case of cardio-respiratory arrest, protection of the patient and health personnel as well as precise indications in the use of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, prescription of medications, care in specific topics such as systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes, in addition to emphasizing electrophysiology, interventionism, cardiac surgery and in cardiac rehabilitation. The main interest is to provide the medical community with a general orientation on what to do in daily practice and patients with cardiovascular diseases in the setting of this unprecedented epidemiological crisis of COVID-19.

Resumen Se presentan las recomendaciones en las cuales la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) en conjunto con la Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM), así como diferentes asociaciones médicas mexicanas vinculadas con la cardiología, después de una revisión y análisis exhaustivo y consensuado sobre los tópicos relacionados con las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la pandemia de COVID-19, se analizan posturas científicas y se dan recomendaciones responsables sobre medidas generales a los pacientes, con cuidados personales, alimentación saludable, actividad física regular, acciones en caso de paro cardiorrespiratorio, la protección del paciente y del personal de salud así como las indicaciones precisas en el uso de la imagen cardiovascular no invasiva, la prescripción de medicamentos, cuidados en tópicos específicos como en la hipertensión arterial sistémica, insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias y síndromes coronarios agudos, además de hacer énfasis en los procedimientos de electrofisiología, intervencionismo, cirugía cardiaca y en la rehabilitación cardiaca. El interés principal es brindar a la comunidad médica una orientación general sobre el quehacer en la práctica cotidiana y pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares en el escenario esta crisis epidemiológica sin precedentes de COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.m20000057 445 downloads

Contribution of organic amendments to soil properties and survival of Stenocarpella on maize stalk
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Faria, Mírian Rabelo de

; Guimarães, Rafaela Araújo

; Pinto, Felipe Augusto Moretti Ferreira

; Siqueira, Carolina da Silva

; Silva, Carlos Alberto

; Medeiros, Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de

; Bettiol, Wagner

Scientia Agricola

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2020, Volume 77 N. 6 elocation e20180289

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: The incorporation of organic matter to the soil not only improves nutrient content, but also reduces the survival of Stenocarpella, the causal agent of stalk rot, Diplodia ear rot, and grey leaf spot, in maize stubble. We evaluated the effect of organic waste incorporation on Stenocarpella survival in maize stalks, the activity of suppressiveness-related enzymes, and nutrient contents. We conducted the assays in the municipalities of Lavras and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Maize stalks infested with Stenocarpella were kept in field conditions for three months after poultry litter, swine manure, fish hydrolysate, compost sewage sludge, and urea application. Infested stalks, without residue amendment, were kept on surface or incorporated into the soil, representing negative and positive controls. Stenocarpella concentration in stalks was assessed using qPCR expressed as cycle threshold number. Sewage sludge, buried stalks, and stalks retained on the surface showed reduction of pathogen inoculum. Swine manure and urea did not reduce the quantity of DNA. In the experiment conducted in Lavras, poultry litter stimulated β-glucosidase, urease and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate activities when compared to the negative control. Sewage sludge, poultry litter, and swine manure increased Ca in the soil by 44 %, 38 % and 36 %, respectively, in the experiment conducted in Lavras. Poultry litter increased Ntotal three months after application. The results indicate that organic wastes are promising in improving nutrient content, activity of hydrolysis-related enzymes, but Stenocarpella inoculum dynamics should be taken into consideration when deciding on the specific organic amendment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2018-0289 953 downloads

Quantification and qualification of exhaust gases in agricultural diesel engine operating with biodiesel mixtures
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Silva, Flávio C. da

; Aranha, Felipe N.

; Angelkorte, Gerd B.

; Guardiola, Juan F. H.

; Teixeira, Luciana P.

; Correia, Ricardo C. de B.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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oct 2019, Volume 23 N. 10 Pages 794 - 799

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Motores de ciclo diesel são amplamente utilizados em máquinas agrícolas. O biodiesel oferece a possibilidade de substituição parcial ou total do diesel mineral, reduzindo assim a dependência da agricultura desse recurso não renovável e diminuindo as emissões de poluentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as emissões de CO, NOx, SO2, CO2 e O2 de várias misturas de biodiesel (B0 = 0%, B7 = 7%, B10 = 10%, B20 = 20%, B30 = 30% e B100 = 100%) em um motor agrícola monocilíndrico a 1000, 1600 e 2400 rpm. Os gases de escape foram identificados usando um medidor de gás. Os combustíveis com maior porcentagem de biodiesel têm as menores emissões de SO2, com a mistura B30 liberando 65,78, 52,47 e 32,25 partes por milhão a 1000, 1600 e 2000 rpm, respectivamente. As emissões de óxidos nitrosos e de dióxido de carbono diminuem com o aumento da velocidade de rotação do motor. Maiores porcentagens de biodiesel resultam em combustíveis menos poluentes.

ABSTRACT Diesel cycle engines are widely used in agricultural machinery. Biodiesel offers the possibility of partial or total replacement of mineral diesel, thus reducing the dependence of agriculture on this non-renewable resource and decreasing pollutant emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emissions of CO, NOx, SO2, CO2, and O2 from various biodiesel mixtures (B0 = 0%, B7 = 7%, B10 = 10%, B20 = 20%, B30 = 30% and B100 = 100%) in a single-cylinder tractor engine at 1000, 1600 and 2400 rpm. The exhaust gases were identified using a gas probe meter. Fuels with a higher percentage of biodiesel have the lowest SO2 emissions, with the B30 mixture releasing 65.78, 52.47 and 32.25 parts per million at 1000, 1600 and 2000 rpm, respectively. Nitrous oxides and carbon dioxide emissions decreases with higher engine rotation speed. Higher percentages of biodiesel result in less polluting fuels.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n10p794-799 1162 downloads

10.

HPLC-PDA method validated for the determination of hibalactone in Hydrocotyle umbellata subterraneous parts and its ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization
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Oliveira, Matheus G. de

; Almeida, Paulo H.G. de

; Oliveira, Thiago L.S.

; Silva, Liliane de S.

; Carvalho, Flávio S. de

; Alves, Suzana F.

; Borges, Leonardo L.

; Santos, Pierre A. dos

; Silva, Vinicius B. da

; Paula, José R. de

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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apr 2019, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 162 - 170

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In this work, we developed and validated a HPLC-PDA method for the quantification of hibalactone in Hydrocotyle umbellata L., Araliaceae, subterraneous parts extracts and optimized its ultrasound-assisted extraction. Chromatographic separations were carried out with an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile/methanol/water (10:65:25), a flow of 0.8 ml min−1, detection at 290 nm and C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The method validation parameters were determined according to Brazilian legislation. The optimization of the hibalactone ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. The HPLC method for hibalactone quantification proved to be selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust, being useful for the analysis of hibalactone in H. umbellata subterraneous parts extracts. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were obtained with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5 g ml−1, ethanolic strength of 70% (v/v) and temperature of 65 °C. The results can provide support of the quality control and standardization of raw materials from H. umbellata.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.10.003 572 downloads

11.

Spatial variability of enthalpy in rabbit house with and without ridge vent
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Ferraz, Patrícia F. P.

; Ferraz, Gabriel A. e S.

; Damasceno, Flavio A.

; Moura, Raquel S. de

; Silva, Maria A. J. G.

; Rodrigues, Rodrigo de L.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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feb 2019, Volume 23 N. 2 Pages 126 - 132

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Para que um sistema de produção de coelhos seja rentável, deve-se levar em consideração a raça do coelho, nutrição, manejo, sanidade e, principalmente, ambiente térmico que o animal ficará exposto durante o período produtivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o ambiente térmico interno em dois galpões de criação de coelhos, sendo um galpão sem lanternim e outro galpão com lanternim por meio da geoestatística. Foram coletados dados em 48 pontos em cada galpão, durante oito dias do final do verão de 2016. As medições de temperatura do bulbo seco, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento foram feitas durante um minuto, em três horários do dia, às 7, 12 e 17 h. Posteriormente, calculou-se a entalpia e realizou-se uma análise dos dados utilizando as ferramentas da geoestatística e a confecção de mapas de isocores por meio da interpolação por krigagem. Com base nos resultados da geoestatística foi possível caracterizar a magnitude e a estrutura da variabilidade dessa variável no interior dos galpões sem e com laternim. Observou-se ainda, por meio dos mapas de isocores confeccionados, a heterogeneidade da distribuição espacial da entalpia em diversas regiões dos dois galpões. O lanternim auxiliou na obtenção de ambiente interno mais favorável para criação de coelhos devido ao fato deste galpão apresentar valores de entalpia mais próximos das condições consideradas como ideais para o alojamento de coelhos, além de menor heterogeneidade na distribuição espacial da entalpia.

ABSTRACT The profitability of a rabbit farming system must consider the rabbit’s breed, nutrition, management, sanitation and mainly the thermal environment that the animal will be exposed during the productive period. The aim of this study was to compare the internal thermal environment of two rabbit houses, one with ridge vent and the other without ridge vent. Geostatistical technique was used to evaluate the spatial variability of enthalpy. Data were collected at 48 points in each house during eight days at the end of summer season 2016. Measurements of dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were made for 1 min at three times a day at 7:00 a.m., 12:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. In addition, the enthalpy was calculated and a data analysis was performed using geostatistical tools and isocolor maps through interpolation by kriging. Based on results from geostatistics, it was possible to characterize the variability magnitude and structure of this variable inside the rabbits’ houses with and without ridge vent. The heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of enthalpy in several regions of two houses was also observed through generated isocolor maps. The ridge vent assisted in obtaining a more favorable internal environment for rabbit breeding because this house showed more comfortable conditions of enthalpy values, besides lower heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of enthalpy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p126-132 736 downloads

12.

Bioconversion of hydrolyzed cashew peduncle bagasse for ethanol and xylitol production
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Medeiros, Lorena L. de

; Silva, Flávio L. H. da

; Santos, Sharline F. M.

; Madruga, Marta S.

; Melo, Débora J. N. de

; Conrado, Líbia de S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jul 2017, Volume 21 N. 7 Pages 488 - 492

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Os resíduos agroindustriais depositados no meio ambiente favorecem problemas na natureza, passíveis de serem solucionados com o aproveitamento e geração de bioprodutos. Assim, objetivou-se estudar a fração lignocelulósica do bagaço do pedúnculo do caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) e a fermentação em escala ampliada (8 a 16 vezes) utilizando a estirpe Candida guilliermondii CCT-3544 como agente de produção. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se ressaltar que o bagaço do pedúnculo do caju seco possui 21,45% de celulose, 10,96% de hemicelulose e 35,39% de lignina. Durante a fermentação, a C. guilliermondii CCT-3544 foi capaz de crescer no meio com hidrolisado sendo sua concentração máxima de crescimento celular (3,5 g L-1). O comportamento dos açúcares no processo fermentativo foi similar nas diferentes variáveis com produção máxima de etanol e xilitol em 48 h de fermentação.

ABSTRACT The agro-industrial waste deposited in the environment causes problems in nature that can be solved with the use and generation of bioproducts. Thus, the objective was to study the lignocellulosic fraction of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) peduncle bagasse and fermentation on large scale (8-16 times) using the strain Candida guilliermondii CCT-3544 as production agent. According to the obtained results, it can be noted that the dry cashew peduncle bagasse has 21.45% of cellulose, 10.96% of hemicellulose and 35.39% of lignin. During fermentation, C. guilliermondii 3544-CAT was able to grow on medium containing hydrolysate, with maximum cell growth concentration of 3.5 g L-1. The behavior of the sugars in the fermentation process was similar in the different variables, with maximum production of ethanol and xylitol at 48 h of fermentation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n7p488-492 1228 downloads

13.

Avaliação da microestrutura e das propriedades magnéticas de ferrita de cobre dopada com chumbo sinterizada com fase líquida
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Ribeiro, Vander Alkmin dos Santos

; Pereira, Amanda Carvalho

; Oliveira, Adhimar Flávio

; Mendonça, Claudiney de Sales Pereira

; Silva, Manoel Ribeiro da

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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jun 2016, Volume 21 N. 2 Pages 330 - 341

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta a obtenção de uma ferrita de chumbo e cobre com a estrutura do espinélio, a caracterização da sua microestrutura e a determinação das suas propriedades magnéticas. A ferrita de cobre e chumbo é um material com baixa coercividade magnética e alta resistividade elétrica. Amostras com estequiometria PbxCu1-xFe2O4, (x = 0,00; 0,05; 0,10;0,15 e 0,20) foram sintetizadas pelo processo de metalurgia do pó e sinterizadas a 1000 °C por 6 h. Os resultados mostram que a amostra com x = 0,00 é formada pela estrutura do espinélio cúbico e x variando de 0,05 a 0,20 são formadas exclusivamente pela estrutura do espinélio tetragonal. As curvas de histerese mostram características de materiais magnéticos moles e a magnetização de saturação e temperatura de Curie diminuíram com a concentração de chumbo, no entanto observou-se o aumento do campo coercivo.

ABSTRACT This paper presents to obtain a lead and copper ferrite with spinel structure, characterizing the microstructure and the determination of their magnetic properties. The copper and lead ferrite is a material with low magnetic coercivity, high electrical resistivity. Samples with stoichiometry PbxCu1-xFe2O4 with (x = 0.00; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15 e 0.20) were prepared by powder metallurgy processes and sintered at 1000 °C for 6 hours. The results show that sample with x = 0.00 is formed exclusively by the cubic spinel structure and samples with x between 0.05 to 0.20 are formed exclusively by the tetragonal spinel structure hysteresis loops show the characteristics of a soft magnetic material and the saturation magnetization and Curie temperature decreased with the lead concentration, however, noted that the increase in the coercive field.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620160002.0032 1767 downloads

14.

Production components of corn as function of seed distribution along the planting row
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Silva, Flavio H. da

; Cunha, Paulo C. R. da

; Almeida, André C. de S.

; Araújo, Lucas da S.

; Jakelaitis, Adriano

; Silveira, Pedro M. da

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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dec 2015, Volume 19 N. 12 Pages 1172 - 1177

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Produtividades elevadas de milho em sistemas com alta tecnologia estão relacionadas à correta implantação da lavoura. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da variabilidade na distribuição de sementes de milho na linha de semeadura sobre os componentes de produção do milho. A pesquisa foi realizada em condições de Cerrado, no município de Urutaí, GO. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se os efeitos de cinco coeficientes de variação (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80%) de desuniformidade na distribuição espacial de sementes na linha de semeadura em dois híbridos de milho (P30F53HX e P3646HX). Não foram observadas interações para as variáveis analisadas no milho; contudo, foram diminuídos, com o aumento da desuniformidade na distribuição das sementes na linha, o diâmetro do colmo, a massa de cem grãos, o número de fileiras por espiga, o número de grãos por fileiras e o comprimento da espiga. Também foram observadas reduções lineares no rendimento de grãos de milho com o aumento do coeficiente de variação na distribuição espacial das sementes na linha de semeadura. Entre os híbridos o 30F53HX apresentou maior massa de cem grãos.

ABSTRACT High corn yields in high-tech systems are related to proper crop implementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of variability in the distribution of seeds along the planting row on corn production components. The study was conducted under Cerrado conditions in the municipality of Urutaí, GO, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The effects of five coefficients of variation (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) of non-uniformity in the spatial distribution of seeds along the planting row of two corn hybrids (P30F53HX and P3646HX) were evaluated. No interactions were observed for the analysed corn variables. However, as the non-uniformity in seed distribution along the planting row increased, stalk diameter, hundred-grain weight, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and ear length decreased. Additionally, linear reductions were observed in corn grain yield with the increase in the coefficient of variation of the spatial distribution of seeds along the planting row. Between the hybrids, the 30F53HX showed higher hundred-grain weight.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n12p1172-1177 2281 downloads

15.

Phytochemical analysis of Vernonanthura tweedieana and a validated UPLC-PDA method for the quantification of eriodictyol
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Silva, Layzon Antonio Lemos da

; Faqueti, Larissa Gabriela

; Reginatto, Flávio Henrique

; Santos, Alan Diego Conceição dos

; Barison, Andersson

; Biavatti, Maique Weber

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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aug 2015, Volume 25 N. 4 Pages 375 - 381

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

AbstractVernonanthura tweedieana (Baker) H. Rob., Asteraceae, is used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In this work the phytochemical investigation of its ethanol extracts as well as the development and validation of an UPLC-PDA method for the quantification of the eriodictyol from the leaves were performed. The phytochemical study for this species lead to the identification of ethyl caffeate, naringenin and chrysoeriol in mixture, eriodictyol from leaves, and the mixture of 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one and evofolin B, apigenin, the mixture of caffeic and protocatechuic acid and luteolin from stems with roots, being reported for the first time for V. tweedieana, except for eriodictyol. The structural elucidation of all isolated compounds was achieved by 1H and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and in comparison with published data. An UPLC-PDA method for quantification of the eriodictyol in leaves of V. tweedieana was developed and validated for specificity, linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy and robustness. In this study, an excellent linearity was obtained (r2 = 0.9999), good precision (repeatability RSD = 2% and intermediate precision RSD = 8%) and accuracy (average recovery from 98.6% to 99.7%). The content of eriodictyol in the extract of leaves of V. tweedieana was 41.40 ± 0.13 mg/g. Thus, this study allowed the optimization of a simple, fast and validated UPLC-PDA method which can be used to support the quality assessment of this herbal material.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.009 1769 downloads

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