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ABSTRACT: The use of molecular information in breeding programs contributed to important advances in the improvement of traits of economic interest in livestock production. The advent of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels applied to genome-wide selection (GWS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), along with computational advances (e.g., use of powerful software and robust analyses) allowed a better understanding of the genetic architecture of farm animals and increased the selection efficiency. In this context, the statistic method single-step GBLUP has been frequently used to perform GWS, and more recently GWAS analyses, providing accurate predictions and QTL detection, respectively. Nevertheless, in developing countries, species such as sheep and goats, whose genomic data are more difficult to be obtained, the use of data simulation has been efficient in the study of the major factors involved in the selection process, such as size of training population, density of SNP chips, and genotyping strategies. The effects of these factors are directly associated with the prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values. In this review we showed important aspects of the use of genomics in the genetic improvement of production traits of animals, the main methods currently used for prediction and estimation of molecular marker effects, the importance of data simulation for validation of those methods, as well as the advantages, challenges and limitations of the use of GWS and GWAS in the current scenario of livestock production.

RESUMO: Em programas de melhoramento genético, o uso de informações moleculares garantiu importantes avanços para a melhoria de características de interesse econômico, no âmbito da produção animal. O advento da tecnologia de painéis de SNPs aplicados à seleção genômica ampla (GWS) e associação genômica ampla (GWAS), aliado ao avanço computacional, com o uso de softwares e análises robustas, permitiram melhor compreensão sobre a arquitetura genética dos animais de produção e, consequentemente, maior eficiência na seleção. Nesse contexto, o método estatístico single-step GBLUP tem sido utilizado, frequentemente, na execução da GWS e, mais recentemente, em GWAS, possibilitando predições acuradas e detecção de QTLs, respectivamente. No entanto, em países em desenvolvimento e, em espécies como os ovinos e caprinos, que existe maior dificuldade para a aquisição de dados genômicos, o uso da simulação de dados tem se mostrado eficiente para estudar os principais fatores envolvidos no processo de seleção, como o tamanho da população de treinamento, densidade de chipde SNPs e estratégias de genotipagem, cujos efeitos estão diretamente associados à acurácia da predição de valores genéticos genômicos. Nesta revisão, serão abordados pontos importantes sobre o uso da genômica no melhoramento genético de características produtivas em animais, principais métodos de predição e estimação de efeitos de marcadores moleculares na atualidade, a importância da simulação de dados para a validação desses métodos, bem como as vantagens, os desafios e as limitações no cenário atual da produção animal com o uso da seleção e associação genômica ampla.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220350

Dirofilaria immitis is endemic in rural areas of the Brazilian Amazonas state capital, Manaus
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Barbosa, Ulysses Carvalho

; Nava, Alessandra Ferreira Dales

; Ferreira Neto, José Vicente

; Dias, Cindy Alves

; Silva, Viviane Costa da

; Mesquita, Hugo Guimarães de

; Sampaio, Raquel Telles de Moreira

; Barros, Wanilze Gonçalves

; Farias, Emanuelle de Sousa

; Silva, Tullio Romão Ribeiro da

; Crainey, James Lee

; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro

; Koolen, Hector Henrique Ferreira

; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 2 elocation e000223

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The canine filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has not been reported in Brazil´s Amazonas state capital, Manaus, for over a century. Here, we report one imported and 27 autochthonous D. immitis infections from a microfilarial survey of 766 domestic dog blood samples collected between 2017 and 2021 in Manaus. An Overall prevalence estimate of 15.44% (23/149) was calculated from our two rural collection sites; a prevalence of 1.22% (4/328) was estimated at our periurban collection site, and an overall prevalence of 0.35% (1/289) was calculated from our two urban clinic collections. Our data suggest that in the urban areas of Manaus, where the parasites are very likely vectored by the same species of mosquito that historically vectored Wuchereria bancrofti (Culex quinquefasciatus), prevalence levels are very low and possibly maintained by an influx from rural areas where sylvatic reservoirs and/or more favorable vector transmission dynamics maintain high prevalences.

Resumo O parasita filarial canino, Dirofilaria immitis, causa doença zoonótica, mas não tem sido registrado em Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas, há mais de um século. Neste trabalho, foi relatado uma infecção por D. immitis alóctone e 27 autóctones de um levantamento de microfilárias em 766 amostras de sangue em cães domésticos, coletados entre 2017 e 2021 em Manaus. A prevalência de 15,44% (23/149) foi estabelecida em áreas rurais, 1,22% (4/328) para áreas periurbanas e de 0,35% (1/289) para duas clínicas veterinárias localizadas na zona urbana da cidade. Estes dados sugerem, portanto, que nas áreas urbanas de Manaus, nas quais o parasita é provavelmente vetorizado pela mesma espécie de mosquito que, historicamente, transmitiu Wuchereria bancrofti (Culex quinquefasciatus). Também os níveis de prevalência são baixos e, possivelmente, mantidos por um influxo de áreas rurais onde reservatórios silvestres e/ou dinâmicas de transmissão vetorial mais favoráveis mantêm uma prevalência mais elevada.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023018

Morphological and molecular characterization of Contracaecum australe (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitizing Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) on the north coast of Brazil
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Santana, Ricardo Luis Sousa

; Carvalho, Elaine Lopes de

; Sindeaux Neto, José Ledamir

; Silva, Michele Velasco Oliveira da

; Pinheiro, Raul Henrique da Silva

; Gonçalves, Evonnildo Costa

; Giese, Elane Guerreiro

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 2 elocation e003723

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract For the first time in Brazil, Contracaecum australe is recorded parasitizing Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves, Suliformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from the Marine Extractive Reserve of Soure on Marajó Island, Brazilian Amazon. Its morphology revealed a body with a transversally striated cuticle, smooth or slightly cleft interlabia, lips with auricles, labial papillae, and conspicuous amphids. In males, the presence of the median papilla on the upper lip of the cloaca and spicules that reach almost half of the body of the parasite. These morphological characters, added to the number and distribution of the pre- and postcloacal papillae of the male specimens, and supported by the molecular phylogeny from the analysis of the ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 genes, allowed the identification of these parasites.

Resumo Pela primeira vez no Brasil, Contracaecum australe é registrado parasitando Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves, Suliformes, Phalacrocoracidae) da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure na Ilha de Marajó, Amazônia brasileira. Sua morfologia revelou corpo com cutícula estriada transversalmente, interlábios lisos ou levemente fendidos, lábios com aurículas, papilas labiais e anfídeos conspícuos. Nos machos, observa-se a presença da papila mediana no lábio superior da cloaca e espículos que atingem quase a metade do corpo do parasito. Esses caracteres morfológicos, somados ao número e distribuição das papilas pré e pós-cloacais dos espécimes machos, e apoiados pela filogenia molecular a partir da análise dos genes ITS-1, 5.8S e ITS-2, permitiram a identificação desses parasitos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023039

ROLE OF INCISIONAL VACUUM THERAPY IN ENDOPROSTHETIC BONE RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY
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BAPTISTA, ANDRÉ MATHIAS

; CAMARGO, ANDRÉ FERRARI DE FRANÇA DE

; CAIERO, MARCELO TADEU

; TORRES FILHO, JOSÉ SAINT CLAIR DE SOUSA

; NARCISO, JORGE HENRIQUE

; SILVA, MARCELA ROCHA DIAS

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira

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2023, Volume 31 N. 4 elocation e260330

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Reconstructive surgery with endoprostheses is the chosen method for treating bone malignancies. Postoperative infections are frequent complications, and their treatment involves prolonged hospital stays and antibiotic therapy. Among the advancements aimed at reducing the rate of postoperative infection, the use of incisional negative pressure therapy (iNPT) has shown promising results, with no reports in the literature regarding its use in patients with such conditions. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of iNPT in reducing postoperative complications in surgeries for resection of bone tumors associated with modular endoprosthesis reconstruction. Methods: Retrospective case series of 16 patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma, who underwent resection and reconstruction with endoprosthesis associated with iNPT during the postoperative period. Follow-up was performed for a period of six months, and the evaluated outcomes were the incidence of postoperative infection and complications of the surgical wound. Results: The use of iNPT for a postoperative period of seven days resulted in only three (18.7%) cases of postoperative infection. No cases of wound dehiscence, seroma formation, or hematoma at the surgical site were observed. Conclusion: The rate of surgical wound complications in our case series is lower than that reported in most of the literature, and iNPT appears to be an efficient way to reduce the rate of local complications in reconstructive surgeries with endoprosthesis after resection of bone malignancies. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.

RESUMO A cirurgia reconstrutiva com endopróteses é o método escolhido no tratamento de malignidades ósseas. As infecções pós-operatórias são complicações frequentes, e seu tratamento envolve internações e antibioticoterapia prolongadas. Entre os avanços que visam reduzir a taxa de infecção pós-operatória, o uso da terapia com pressão negativa incisional (TPNi) vem mostrando resultados promissores, não havendo relatos na literatura de seu emprego em pacientes com tal quadro. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da TPNi em reduzir complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgias de ressecção de tumores ósseos associadas à reconstrução com endopróteses modulares. Métodos: Série de casos retrospectiva de 16 pacientes diagnosticados com osteossarcoma, submetidos à ressecção e reconstrução com endoprótese associada à TPNi durante o pós-operatório. Foi realizado seguimento por um período de seis meses e os desfechos avaliados foram incidência de infecção pós-operatória e complicações da ferida operatória. Resultados: O uso da TPNi por um período pós-operatório de sete dias resultou em apenas três (18,7%) casos de infecção pós-operatória. Não foram observados casos em que ocorreu deiscência da ferida operatória, formação de seromas ou hematomas no sítio cirúrgico. Conclusão: A taxa de complicações de ferida operatória em nossa série de casos é menor que a da maior parte da literatura, e a TPNi parece ser uma forma eficiente de reduzir a taxa de complicações locais em cirurgias reconstrutivas com endoprótese após ressecção de malignidades ósseas. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220233104e260330

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) sperm concentration
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Vanderley, Carminda Sandra Brito Salmito

; Vieira, Marcelo José da Ascensão Feitosa

; Torres, Thais Maia

; Apoliano, Marcos Luiz da Silva

; Melo, Carlos Henrique Sousa de

; Salgueiro, Cristiane Clemente de Mello

; Nunes, José Ferreira

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2023, Volume 24 elocation e-74695E

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract To assist the reproductive management of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) males in laboratory and commercial fish farming, a linear regression model was obtained from concentration curves using the spectrophotometric method. Twenty-two tambaqui males with an average age of three years old were selected and divided into two groups containing 11 animals each. Both groups alternately received a single dose of carp pituitary extract (CPE; 2.0 mg/kg body weight, intracoelomic). Sperm was collected 14 h after hormonal treatment and diluted (1:4000; sperm:formaldehyde saline). The concentration was estimated by counting spermatozoa in a Neubauer chamber and by using a spectrophotometer (λ=540 nm). Individual sperm concentration ranged from 11.40 to 71.13 × 109 sperm/mL. The degree of transmittance ranged from 62.1% to 95.0%. There was a significant correlation (r2 = 0.966; p < 0.0001) between sperm concentration analyzed in a Neubauer chamber and transmittance at 540 nm. Analysis by spectrophotometry and the prediction provided by the equation Y=100.293 - 0.509X proved to be an efficient and fast method for estimating sperm concentration in tambaqui and can be used in routine procedures in artificial fish reproduction laboratories.

Resumo Visando auxiliar o manejo reprodutivo de machos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) em piscicultura de laboratório e comercial, obteve-se um modelo de regressão linear a partir de curvas de concentração por método espectrofotométrico. Foram selecionados 22 machos de tambaqui com idade média de três anos. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos contendo 11 animais cada. Ambos os grupos receberam alternadamente uma única dose de extrato de hipófise de carpa (EHC; 2,0 mg/kg de peso corporal, intracelomático). O esperma foi coletado 14 horas após o tratamento hormonal e diluído (1:4000; esperma: solução salina formaldeído). A concentração foi estimada por contagem de espermatozoides em câmara de Neubauer e por espectrofotômetro (λ=540 nm). A concentração espermática individual variou de 11,40 a 71,13 × 109 espermatozoides/mL. O grau de transmitância variou de 62,1 a 95,0%. Houve correlação significativa (r2 = 0,966; p < 0,0001) entre a concentração espermática analisada em câmara de Neubauer e a transmitância em 540 nm. A análise por espectrofotometria e a predição pela equação Y=100,293 - 0,509X mostrou ser um método eficiente e rápido para estimar a concentração espermática de tambaqui, podendo ser utilizado em procedimentos de rotina em laboratórios de reprodução artificial de peixes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74695e

Effects of herbal choline as a replacement for choline chloride on myopathy, locomotor system, and hepatic health of broilers
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Dias, Allan Gabriel Ferreira

; Santin, Ana Paula Iglesias

; Brasileiro, Júlio César Lopes

; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto

; Stringhini, José Henrique

; Gouveia, Alison Batista Vieira Silva

; Silva, Júlia Marixara Sousa da

; Café, Marcos Barcellos

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2023, Volume 52 elocation e20220177

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing choline chloride with a plant source of choline on the locomotor system, liver health, and development of breast myopathies in broilers aged 1-42 days of age. We allocated 1,120 one-day-old Cobb broilers to four treatment groups and fed them commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal. The treatments included choline in the form of 1,800.00 mg/kg choline chloride; 1,350.00 mg/kg choline chloride + 450.00 mg/kg herbal choline; 900.00 mg/kg choline chloride + 900.00 mg/kg herbal choline; and 1,000.00 mg/kg herbal choline. Each treatment group had eight replications. Throughout the experiment, gait score, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, and leg deformities (valgus and varus) were evaluated in the birds at 28 and 35 days of age. After slaughter, parameters such as breast myopathies, tibial dyschondroplasia score, and histological slides of the pectoral muscle, liver, and proximal tibial epiphysis were assessed. The results demonstrated good hepatic and locomotor health in the broilers, as no classical signs of choline deficiency were observed. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences between treatments in terms of liver and locomotor health, suggesting that broilers fed diets supplemented with the plant source did not experience choline deficiency. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found between treatments regarding breast myopathies. Overall, the tested choline plant source can effectively replace choline chloride in broiler diets.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5220220177

Dinâmica dos Focos de Calor nas Mesorregiões Climáticas do Estado de Alagoas
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Sousa Filho, Valter Ramos de

; Oliveira Junior, José Francisco de

; Barros, Heliofábio Gomes

; Silva, Iago de Lima

; Souza, Pedro Henrique de Almeida

; Gois, Givanildo de

; Paula, Francine Santos de

; Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia

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sep 2022, Volume 37 N. 3 Pages 313 - 327

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os incêndios ocorrem devido às ações antrópicas e causam problemas socioambientais no Nordeste do Brasil (NEB). Portanto, este estudo avaliou a variabilidade espaço-temporal dos focos de calor (FC) nas três mesorregiões climáticas de Alagoas: Sertão, Leste e Agreste Alagoano. Os dados de FC foram obtidos do Banco de Dados de Queimadas (BDQueimadas) entre 1998-2020. A série temporal de FC foi submetida às análises estatísticas descritiva, exploratória e multivariada aplicada aos 102 municípios alagoanos. Com base no agrupamento hierárquico identificaram-se três grupos homogêneos (G1, G2 e G3) no Sertão e dois grupos homogêneos de FC no Agreste e Leste Alagoano (G1 e G2). Alguns municípios não formaram grupos (NA), tais como: Belo Monte (26,83 ± 25,87 focos), Limoeiro de Anadia (54,48 ± 38,65 focos), Penedo (262,83 ± 183,80 focos) e Coruripe (553 ± 369,40 focos). A variabilidade interanual dos FC em Alagoas está associada com atividades agrícolas, desmatamento, novas áreas para a criação de animais e colheita da cana-de-açúcar. Na avaliação espacial via densidade de FC por município utilizou-se o período total (1998-2020) e os anos de destaque na série temporal (2012 e 2019). O maior registro de densidade de FC no período total encontra-se na mesorregião do Leste Alagoano e não se descarta que os anos em destaque sejam influenciados pela ocorrência de seca e períodos de estiagens em Alagoas.

Abstract Fires occur due to anthropic actions and cause socio-environmental problems in Northeast Brazil (NEB). Therefore, this study evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of fire focis (FF) in the three climatic mesoregions of Alagoas: Arid Zone, East and Hinterland Alagoano. FF data were obtained from the Queimadas Database (BDQueimadas) between 1998-2020. The FF time series was submitted to descriptive, exploratory, and multivariate statistical analysis applied to 102 municipalities in Alagoas. Based on the hierarchical grouping, three homogeneous groups were identified (G1, G2 and G3) in the Arid Zone and two homogeneous groups of FF in the Hinterland and East Alagoas (G1 and G2). Some municipalities did not form groups (NA), such as: Belo Monte (26.83 ± 25.87 foci), Limoeiro de Anadia (54.48 ± 38.65 foci), Penedo (262.83 ± 183.80 foci) and Coruripe (553 ± 369.40 foci). The interannual FF variability in Alagoas is associated with agricultural activities, deforestation, new areas for animal husbandry and sugarcane harvest. In the spatial evaluation via FF density per municipality, the total period (1998-2020) and the years highlighted in the time series (2012 and 2019) were used. The highest FF density record in the total period is found in the East Alagoas mesoregion and it is not ruled out that the highlighted years are influenced by the occurrence of drought and dry periods in Alagoas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863730029

Cannabis use and the development of psychosis or schizophrenia, analysis of current legislation and regional mapping: A systematic review
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Alves da Silva Zunini, Pablo Andres

; Passamani Borges, Guilherme

; Almeida Tonon, João Henrique

; Nishimura, Rafaela

; Barrios, Iván

; O’Higgins, Marcelo

; Ruiz Díaz, Noelia

; Almirón-Santacruz, José

; Navarro, Rodrigo

; Ventriglio, Antonio

; Torales, Julio

; Sousa Martins-da-Silva, Anderson

; Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio

Medicina clínica y social

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aug 2022, Volume 6 N. 2 Pages 65 - 79

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize the findings of studies that investigated the risk, precocity and intensity of psychosis in cannabis users, taking into account the status of legalization and/or decriminalization of cannabis use in different countries. Methodology: Articles published up to May 2018 were included, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, all extracted from the PubMed and SciELO databases, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 19 studies from 18 countries were included. The relationship of cannabis use and the onset of psychotic symptoms was sufficiently substantiated. However, there was no data that supported an increase in the risk, precocity or intensity of psychosis in cannabis users from countries with higher levels of legalization/decriminalization of cannabis use to the date of the present study. Conclusion: The use of cannabis is associated with the development of psychosis. So far, there is no data pointing to an increase in the precocity, risk or intensity of psychosis in cannabis users, due to the legalization or decriminalization of the use of cannabis. However, the absence of data to date does not exclude these possibilities, since none of the studies analyzed in this review specifically assessed the effects of legalization/decriminalization policies on those outcomes. Therefore, prospective studies focused on the effects of legalization or decriminalization policies should be conducted in countries such as Canada, Spain, the United States of America (some states), the Netherlands, and Uruguay.

RESUMEN Objetivo: esta revisión sistemática pretende resumir los hallazgos de los estudios que investigaron el riesgo, la precocidad y la intensidad de la psicosis en los consumidores de cannabis, teniendo en cuenta el estado de legalización y/o despenalización del consumo de cannabis en diferentes países. Metodología: fueron incluidos artículos publicados hasta mayo de 2018, en lengua inglesa, portuguesa y española, todos extraídos de las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, respetando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: se incluyeron 19 estudios de 18 países. La relación entre el consumo de cannabis y el inicio de síntomas psicóticos estuvo suficientemente fundamentada. Sin embargo, no hubo datos que respaldaran un aumento en el riesgo, la precocidad o la intensidad de la psicosis en los consumidores de cannabis de países con niveles más altos de legalización/despenalización del uso de cannabis hasta la fecha del presente estudio. Conclusión: el consumo de cannabis está asociado con el desarrollo de psicosis. Hasta el momento, no hay datos que indiquen un aumento en la precocidad, el riesgo o la intensidad de la psicosis en usuarios de cannabis, debido a la legalización o despenalización del uso de cannabis. Sin embargo, la ausencia de datos hasta la fecha no excluye estas posibilidades, ya que ninguno de los estudios analizados en esta revisión evaluó específicamente los efectos de las políticas de legalización/despenalización en esos resultados. Por ello, los estudios prospectivos centrados en los efectos de las políticas de legalización o despenalización deben llevarse a cabo en países como Canadá, España, los Estados Unidos de América (algunos estados), los Países Bajos y Uruguay.

https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v6i2.249

Fit and genetic parameters of the growth curve of Polled Nellore cattle
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EVANGELISTA, Amauri Felipe

; OLIVEIRA, Wellhington Paulo da Silva

; CAVALCANTE, Diego Helcias

; MARTINS, Rafaela

; MALHADO, Carlos Henrique Mendes

; CAMPELO, José Elivalto Guimarães

; BARROS JUNIOR, Cicero Pereira

; SOUSA JÚNIOR, Severino Cavalcante de

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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2022, Volume 23 elocation e2021502022

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar diferentes modelos não lineares para o ajuste das curvas de crescimento de animais da raça Nelore Mocho e estimar os parâmetros genéticos para os componentes da curva de crescimento. Foram utilizados dados de peso corporal-idade do nascimento aos 650 dias de idades de 6.717 bovinos da raça Nelore Mocho, pertencentes à Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ), referentes ao período de 1980 e 2011. Quatro modelos não lineares (Brody, Bertalanffy, Logístico e Gompertz) foram ajustados e comparados pelo coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R2adj), desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos (DMA), raiz quadrada do quadrado médio do resíduo (RMSE), critério de informação de Akaike (AIC) e o critério de informação bayesiano (BIC). Para estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos e valores genéticos do peso assintótico (A), constante de integração (B) e taxa de maturação (K), utilizou-se o método de inferência Bayesiana. O modelo Brody apresentou os menores valores de DMA, RMSE, AIC e BIC e o maior R2adj. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,11; 0,16 e 0,30 para os parâmetros A, B e K, respectivamente, enquanto as correlações genéticas foram de 0,01 (A-B), -0,91 (A-K) e 0,24 (B-K). Constatou-se que o modelo Brody forneceu o melhor ajuste. O parâmetro K apresenta variabilidade genética suficiente para seleção no rebanho. Animais com maior peso na idade adulta tendem a apresentar menores taxas de crescimento. Apesar da baixa estimativa de herdabilidade do parâmetro A, observou-se ganhos genéticos, indicando que a seleção está sendo eficiente sobre o peso assintótico.

ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to compare different non-linear models for fitting growth curves of Polled Nellore animals as well as to estimate genetic parameters for the components of the growth curve. The study involved body weight-age data of 6,717 Polled Nellore cattle from birth to 650 days of age, which belonged to the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ), corresponding to the period from 1980 to 2011. Four non-linear models (Brody, Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz) were fitted and compared by the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), mean absolute deviation of residuals (MAD), root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). To estimate the genetic parameters and genetic values of asymptotic weight (A), integration constant (B), and maturation rate (K), the Bayesian inference method was adopted. The Brody model showed the lowest values of MAD, RMSE, AIC, and BIC and the highest R2adj. Heritability estimates for parameters A, B, and K were 0.11, 0.16, and 0.30, respectively, whereas genetic correlations were 0.01 (A-B), -0.91 (A-K), and 0.24 (B-K). The Brody model provided the best fit. The K parameter shows enough genetic variability for selection in the herd. Heavier animals in adulthood tend to exhibit lower growth rates. Despite the low heritability estimate of parameter A, there were genetic gains, indicating that selection is being efficient on asymptotic weight.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-9940212502022

10.

A new species of Huffmanela (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae) parasitizing Colomesus psittacus (Tetraodontiformes) from Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil
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Carvalho, Elaine Lopes de

; Santana, Ricardo Luis Sousa

; Corrêa, Gilson Campos

; Sindeaux Neto, José Ledamir

; Pinheiro, Raul Henrique da Silva

; Giese, Elane Guerreiro

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2022, Volume 31 N. 3 elocation e006222

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O baiacu amazônico Colomesus psittacus é um peixe de importância comercial para a aquariofilia, além de ser capturado como bycacth e descartado morto no ambiente nas pescarias artesanais que ocorrem nos estuários da região Norte do Brasil. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se identificar e descrever nematódeos do gênero Huffmanela em baiacus oriundos da ilha de Marajó, bem como as alterações histopatológicas causadas por eles. Cinquenta e cinco peixes foram analisados, e trinta e cinco espécimes apresentaram o parasita nas branquias. Características morfológicas sugerem tratar-se de uma nova espécie do gênero Huffmanela, e os exames histopatológicos demonstraram uma inflamação edematosa na lamela secundária e presença de ovos desse nematódeo. Esse fato se torna o primeiro registro desse gênero parasito em C. psittacus no Brasil.

Abstract The puffer fish Colomesus psittacus, is not commercialized on Marajó Island. They are captured as bycacth and discarded dead in the environment in artisanal fisheries that occur in the estuaries of northern Brazil. In this sense, the objective was to identify the parasites present in the gills and to evaluate the histopathological alterations caused by these nematodes of the genus Huffmanela. Fifty-five fish were analyzed, and thirty-five specimens showed the parasite in the gills. Morphological characteristics suggest that it is a new species of the genus Huffmanela, and the histopathological exams showed an edematous inflammation in the secondary lamella and the presence of eggs of this nematode, which is the first record of this parasite in C. psittacus in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612022045

11.

Effects of broiler breeder age on immune system development of progeny
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Santos, Januária Silva

; Araújo, Itallo Conrado Sousa

; Lacerda, Maria Juliana Ribeiro

; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora

; Café, Marcos Barcellos

; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca

; Stringhini, José Henrique

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2022, Volume 51 elocation e20210127

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects that breeder age has on digestive and immune system development; the transfer of immunoglobulins to egg yolk, yolk sac, and neonate chicks; and the immune response of chicks up to 35 days old. Three ages (32, 42, and 52 weeks) of Hubbard breeders were studied with ages as treatments. A total of 425 eggs were weighed for each of the three treatments and incubated. After hatching, a total of 300 1-day-old chicks were used in each treatment. We studied the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system of progeny and IgY transfer from breeder to progeny. Chicks from 52-week-old breeders had greater gastrointestinal tract growth up to seven days of life and greater body weight at 14 days. Older breeders (52 weeks) had higher amounts of IgY in serum and egg yolk. Chicks from the youngest breeders (32-weeks-old) had a better immune response at two weeks post-vaccination. It can be concluded that the older breeders have a greater capacity to immunize progeny up to 14 days. Strategies can be developed to increase IgY in the serum of young breeders and, consequently, increase the innate immunity of the newly-hatched chicks.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5120210127

12.

SECOND BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN ADULTS: A CONSENSUS OF THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION FOR CROHN’S DISEASE AND COLITIS (GEDIIB)
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BAIMA, Júlio Pinheiro

; IMBRIZI, Marcello

; ANDRADE, Adriana Ribas

; CHEBLI, Liliane Andrade

; ARGOLLO, Marjorie Costa

; QUEIROZ, Natália Sousa Freitas

; AZEVEDO, Matheus Freitas Cardoso de

; VIEIRA, Andrea

; COSTA, Marcia Henriques de Magalhães

; FRÓES, Renata de Sá Brito

; PENNA, Francisco Guilherme Cancela e

; QUARESMA, Abel Botelho

; DAMIÃO, Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra

; MORAES, Antonio Carlos da Silva

; SANTOS, Carlos Henrique Marques dos

; FLORES, Cristina

; ZALTMAN, Cyrla

; VILELA, Eduardo Garcia

; MORSOLETTO, Eloá

; GONÇALVES FILHO, Francisco de Assis

; SANTANA, Genoile Oliveira

; ZABOT, Gilmara Pandolfo

; PARENTE, José Miguel Luz

; SASSAKI, Ligia Yukie

; ZERÔNCIO, Marco Antonio

; MACHADO, Marta Brenner

; CASSOL, Ornella Sari

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; PARRA, Rogerio Serafim

; MISZPUTEN, Sender Jankiel

; COY, Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues

; AMBROGINI JUNIOR, Orlando

; CHEBLI, Júlio Maria Fonseca

; SAAD-HOSSNE, Rogério

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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2022, Volume 59 Suppl. 1 Pages 51 - 84

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are immune-mediated disorders that include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a progressive disease that affects the colorectal mucosa causing debilitating symptoms leading to high morbidity and work disability. As a consequence of chronic colonic inflammation, UC is also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Objective: This consensus aims to provide guidance on the most effective medical management of adult patients with UC. Methods: A consensus statement was developed by stakeholders representing Brazilian gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons (Brazilian Organization for Crohn’s Disease and Colitis [GEDIIB]). A systematic review including the most recent evidence was conducted to support the recommendations and statements. All recommendations/statements were endorsed using a modified Delphi Panel by the stakeholders/experts in inflammatory bowel disease with at least 80% or greater consensus. Results and conclusion: The medical recommendations (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) were mapped according to the stage of treatment and severity of the disease onto three domains: management and treatment (drug and surgical interventions), criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatment, and follow-up/patient monitoring after initial treatment. The consensus targeted general practitioners, gastroenterologists and surgeons who manage patients with UC, and supports decision-making processes by health insurance companies, regulatory agencies, health institutional leaders, and administrators.

RESUMO Contexto: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais são doenças imunomediadas que incluem a doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU). A RCU é uma doença progressiva que acomete a mucosa colorretal causando sintomas debilitantes levando a alta morbidade e incapacidade laboral. Como consequência da inflamação crônica do cólon, a RCU também está associada a um risco aumentado de câncer colorretal. Objetivo: Este consenso visa fornecer orientações sobre o manejo médico mais eficaz de pacientes adultos com RCU. Métodos: As recomendações do consenso foram desenvolvidas por gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões colorretais referências no Brasil (membros da Organização Brasileira para Doença de Crohn e Colite [GEDIIB]). Uma revisão sistemática, incluindo as evidências mais recentes, foi conduzida para apoiar as recomendações. Todas as recomendações foram endossadas pelas partes interessadas/especialistas em doença inflamatória intestinal usando um Painel Delphi modificado. O nível de concordância para alcançar consenso foi de 80% ou mais. Resultados e conclus ão: As recomendações médicas (farmacológicas e não farmacológicas) foram mapeadas de acordo com o estágio de tratamento e gravidade da doença em três domínios: manejo e tratamento (intervenções medicamentosas e cirúrgicas), critérios para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento médico, e acompanhamento/monitoramento do paciente após o tratamento inicial. O consenso foi direcionado a clínicos gerais, gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões que tratam pacientes com RCU e apoia os processos de tomada de decisão por companhias de seguro de saúde, agências reguladoras, líderes institucionais de saúde e administradores.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2022005s1-03

13.

Smartphone addiction is associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, tension, confusion, and insomnia: A cross-sectional and comparative study with physically and non-physically active adults in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Solon Júnior, Luiz José Frota

; Ribeiro, Carlos Henrique Tomaz

; Fortes, Leonardo de Sousa

; Barbosa, Bruno Teixeira

; Silva Neto, Luiz Vieira da

Salud mental

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aug 2021, Volume 44 N. 4 Pages 193 - 200

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, social media exposure and the use of electronic devices have increased; still, these behaviors may cause adverse health effects. Objective This study assessed sleep quality, insomnia, mood, and psychological aspects among physically ( n = 46) and non-physically ( n = 53) active individuals during self-isolation throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and examined their association with smartphone addiction. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Brazilian citizens in self-isolation for at least 60 days; ninety-nine volunteers from different Brazilian regions were enrolled in the online survey. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used to assess the study outcomes. Results The results indicate moderate and large correlations of smartphone addiction with mood subscales, insomnia ( r = .52), anxiety ( r = .49), depression ( r = .49), and stress ( r = .49) symptoms. Also, it was observed that physically active participants were less addicted to smartphones than the non-physically active during self-isolation ( p < .01) and that the physically active ones had a better mood and lower anxiety ( p = .02), depression ( p < .01) and insomnia ( p < .01) levels. Discussion and conclusion These findings show the health implications of self-isolation and how essential it is to be physically active to avoid self-isolationʼs adverse psychological effects.

Resumen Introducción Durante el brote de la nueva enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), la exposición a los medios sociales y el uso de dispositivos electrónicos han aumentado; sin embargo, estos comportamientos pueden causar efectos adversos en la salud. Objetivo Este estudio evaluó la calidad del sueño, el insomnio, el estado de ánimo y los aspectos psicológicos entre los individuos activos físicos ( n = 46) y no físicos ( n = 53) durante el autoaislamiento debido a la pandemia COVID-19 y examinó su asociación con la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes. Método Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal entre ciudadanos brasileños adultos en autoaislamiento durante al menos 60 días; noventa y nueve voluntarios de diferentes regiones brasileñas se inscribieron en la encuesta en línea. La Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version se utilizaron para evaluar los resultados del estudio. Resultados Los resultados indican correlaciones moderadas y mayores en la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes con subescalas de humor, insomnio (r = .52), síntomas ansiedad ( r = .49), depresión ( r = .49) y estrés ( r = .49). Además, se observó que los participantes físicamente activos eran menos adictos a los teléfonos inteligentes que los no activos durante el autoaislamiento ( p = .01) y que los físicamente activos tenían un mejor estado de ánimo y menores niveles de ansiedad ( p = .02), depresión ( p = .01) e insomnio ( p = .01). Discusión y conclusión Estos hallazgos muestran las implicaciones para la salud del autoaislamiento y lo esencial que es ser físicamente activo para evitar los efectos psicológicos adversos del autoaislamiento.

https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.025 77 downloads

14.

Salinity stress and plant growth regulator in basil: effects on plant and soil
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Sousa, Leonardo Vieira de

; Silva, Toshik Iarley da

; Lopes, Maria de Fátima de Queiroz

; Leal, Márcia Paloma da Silva

; Basilio, Ana Gabriela Sousa

; Filho, José Sebastião de Melo

; Leal, Ygor Henrique

; Dias, Thiago Jardelino

DYNA

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jun 2021, Volume 88 N. 217 Pages 75 - 83

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El agua en las regiones semiáridas contiene sales en exceso. Cuando no se dispone de agua de buena calidad, es necesario utilizar estrategias que permitan el uso de agua salina. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la aplicación del regulador del crecimiento vegetal en el cultivo de albahaca bajo estrés salino. El experimento se llevó a cabo en un diseño de bloques al azar, en la matriz “Compuesto Central de Box”. Se evaluó la altura de la parte aérea, el diámetro del tallo, el área de la hoja, las masas secas y las características químicas del suelo. La salinidad del agua de riego provoca la reducción de los parámetros de crecimiento de la albahaca, con la excepción de la masa seca de inflorescencia. Las aplicaciones del regulador del crecimiento vegetal tienen efecto sobre el crecimiento de la albahaca cuando las plantas se riegan con agua salina.

Abstract The water in semiarid regions contains salts in excess. When good quality water is not available it is necessary to use strategies that can make feasible the use of saline water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of the plant growth regulator on the culture of basil stressed with salt. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design by the matrix “Central Box Compound”. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry masses and soil chemical characteristics were evaluated. The salinity of the irrigation water causes reduction of the basil growth parameters, with the exception of the inflorescence dry mass. Plant growth regulator applications have effect on basil growth when plants are irrigated with saline water.

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n217.87633 55 downloads

15.

Growth and nutrition of Passiflora edulis submitted to saline stress after silicon application
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Sá, José Roberto de

; Toledo, Fabio Henrique Silva Floriano de

; Mariño, Yesid Alejandro

; Soares, Cláudio Roberto Fonseca Sousa

; Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveira

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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2021, Volume 43 N. 1 elocation e-057

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação para avaliar o efeito do silício (Si) no crescimento e na nutrição mineral do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis) submetido ao estresse salino em solução nutritiva. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5x4: cinco concentrações de NaCl (0; 7,5; 15; 30 e 60 mmol L-1) e quatro concentrações de SiO2 (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 mmol L-1) com quatro repetições. Ao final de 35 dias, mensurou-se o diâmetro do caule, a matéria seca das folhas, caule e raízes, além dos teores de macronutrientes, Na, Cl e Si nas folhas das plantas. Na maioria dos casos, o aumento no fornecimento de NaCl em solução nutritiva reduziu a produção de matéria seca das raízes, caule e folhas das plantas. O suprimento de SiO2 atenuou o efeito do maior estresse salino (30 e 60 mmol L-1 NaCl) na matéria seca das raízes e caule. A aplicação de 0,5 mmol L-1 de SiO2 reduziu o efeito deletério da salinidade na absorção de todos os macronutrientes pelo maracujazeiro amarelo cultivado em solução nutritiva.

Abstract We carried out greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on growth and mineral nutrition of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) submitted to saline stress in a nutritive solution. The experiment comprised a completely randomized design in a 5x4 factorial scheme: five NaCl concentrations (0; 7.5; 15; 30 and 60 mmol L-1) and four SiO2 concentrations (0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mmol L-1) with four replicates. At the end of 35 days, we measured stem diameter, leaves, stem, and roots dry matter, as well as the macronutrient, Na, Cl, and Si leaf accumulation in plants. In most cases, the increase in NaCl supply in a nutritive solution reduced the dry matter of roots, stem, and leaves. The SiO2 supply attenuated the effect on higher tested saline stress (30 and 60 mmol L-1 NaCl) on roots and stem dry matter. The application of 0.5 mmol L-1 of SiO2 reduced the deleterious effect of salinity on all macronutrients absorption in yellow passion fruit cultivated in a nutritive solution.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021057 394 downloads

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