ABSTRACT This work evaluated the initial performance and genetic diversity of Coffea canephora genotypes cultivated in environments at contrasting altitudes. Fourteen morphophysiological traits and seven descriptors of the genus Coffea spp. of coffee trees cultivated at altitudes of 140 m and 700 m were evaluated. The design used was Federer’s augmented block in a 2 × 112 factorial scheme with six blocks. The first factor was the two environments, and the second was the 112 genotypes, with eight common treatments, being five conilon coffee clones and three arabica coffee cultivars. The data were analyzed by the method of REML/BLUP and genetic correlation method. Genetic diversity was evaluated by estimating the distance matrix, applying the Gower methodology followed by the clustering method by Tocher and UPGMA. The phenotypic means were higher in the environment at an altitude of 700 m, except for plant height, number of leaves, and canopy height (CH). Genotypic effects were significant for most traits except for leaf width, CH, unit leaf area, and total leaf area. A wide genetic diversity was verified, with distances varying from 0.037 to 0.593 for the pairs of genotypes 26 × 93 and T7 × 76, respectively. Most of the traits studied showed high genotypic correlation with the environment and expressive genetic correlation between the evaluated traits thereby demonstrating the possibility of indirect selection. There is an adaptation of conilon coffee genotypes to high altitudes and the possibility of developing a specific cultivar for the southern state of Espírito Santo.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses and cutting production of clones of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) cultivars in a super-dense clonal garden in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The super-dense clonal garden was built in 2019 using 39 clones: 9, 9, 9, and 12 of cultivars Centenária ES8132, Diamante ES8112, ES8122 (Jequitibá), and Marilândia ES8143, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Cutting production and the following morphophysiological traits were evaluated at 9 and 18 months after planting: chlorophyll index, normalized difference vegetation index, plant height, canopy height, canopy diameter, number of shoots, number of viable cuttings, number of leaves, fresh leaf mass, and plant fresh and dry matter mass. The super-dense clonal garden caused different morphophysiological responses among the studied clones. In general, clones C2, C5, C6, C8, D1, D8, D9, J8, M2, M9, M10, and M12 showed a higher mean cutting production, whereas C4, J1, J4, M4, and M5 were the most sensitive to the super-dense regime. Under these conditions, it is recommended to increase the proportion of matrix plants of the latter clones.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas morfofisiológicas e a produção de estacas de clones de cultivares de café conilon (Coffea canephora) em jardim clonal superadensado, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. O jardim clonal superadensado foi implantado em 2019, com 39 clones: 9, 9, 9 e 12 das cultivares Centenária ES8132, Diamante ES8112, ES8122 (Jequitibá) e Marilândia ES8143, respectivamente. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A produção de estacas e as seguintes características morfofisiológicas foram avaliadas aos 9 e 18 meses após o plantio: índice de clorofila, índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada, altura da planta, altura da copa, diâmetro da copa, número de brotações, número de estacas viáveis, número de folhas, massa fresca de folhas, e massa fresca e seca da planta. O jardim clonal superadensado promoveu diferentes respostas morfofisiológicas entre os clones estudados. Em geral, os clones C2, C5, C6, C8, D1, D8, D9, J8, M2, M9, M10 e M12 apresentaram maior produção média de estacas, enquanto C4, J1, J4, M4 e M5 foram os mais sensíveis ao regime superdenso. Nessas condições, recomenda-se aumentar a proporção de plantas matrizes destes clones.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is trending in an upward expansion at Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Due this growth, the breeding program has been demanded for the knowledge about the genetic diversity and correlation between morpho-agronomic traits, to start interesting crosses. The objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity and the correlation network between morpho-agronomic traits of cotton genotypes. Two cotton accessions and five commercial cultivars: FM993, FMT701, FM910, DP604 and DP604BG were evaluated for 16 traits. The results revealed divergence between the genotypes. Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis allocated the genotypes in three clusters, with DP604 and Accession 2 being the most divergent. The correlation network helped to visualize the association between traits, presenting a negative correlation between anthracnose with plant height (-0.465), plant vigor (-0.486) and main root length (-0.437). Also, even with some genotypes presenting a higher number of reproductive branches, the correlation for this trait with number of bolls showed a high significant value (0.68). Thus, the genotypes showed wide genetic diversity for the composition of future crosses in cotton breeding programs. The correlation network allowed the visualization of a medium to high correlation pattern for the morpho-agronomic traits.

RESUMO Considerado fonte de proteína mais acessível à população, o feijão-comum é consumido diariamente, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, das regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. Estudos que utilizam tanto descritores morfológicos quanto marcadores moleculares, vêm sendo utilizados em programas de melhoramento vegetal do feijoeiro. O presente artigo tem por objetivo reportar o estudo da diversidade de linhagens endogâmicas recombinantes e seus genitores utilizando descritores morfológicos e marcadores SSR. Foram avaliadas 22 linhagens recombinantes derivadas dos genitores BRS Agreste e a linhagem preto-01. Para a caracterização foram utilizados 18 marcadores microssatélites e os seguintes descritores morfológicos: presença de antocianina, número de dias após a germinação, dias para floração, cor da asa, cor do estandarte, cor da semente, cor do tegumento, brilho da semente, grupo comercial. Para caracterização molecular foram usados sete marcadores que apresentaram polimorfismo. Os valores de dissimilaridade, utilizando-se os dados morfológicos, variaram de 0 a 8.5; organizando as linhagens em três grupos distintos. Nas análises moleculares, dos 18 primers testados, 11 foram monomórficos e 7 apresentaram-se polimorfismo. Os valores de dissimilaridade para análise molecular variarando de 0 a 0.8; com média de 0.57. Além de informativos, esses marcadores estão associados a características importantes para o feijoeiro. A análise conjunta dos dados apresentou valores de dissimilaridade variando de 0.0 a 12.5, com média de 6.89, formando três grupos. A análise conjunta dos dados morfológicos e moleculares foi eficiente em caracterizar e distinguir as linhagens endogâmicas. Os marcadores moleculares utilizados mostraram-se adequados para o estudo realizado neste trabalho. As linhagens 18 e 19 podem ser consideradas duplicadas, pois na análise de diversidade obteve dissimilaridade zero.

ABSTRACT Considred a more accessible protein source for the population, common beans are consumed daily, mainly in developing countries, in the tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. Studies that use both morphological descriptors and molecular markers have been used in plant breeding programs for common beans. This article aims to report the study of the diversity of recombinant inbred lines and their parents using morphologial descriptors and SSR markers. 22 recombinant inbreeding lines were evaluated derived from the BRS Agreste parents and the black-01 line.For the characterization, 18 microsatellite markers and the following morphological descriptors were used: presence of anthocyanin, number of days after germination, days for flowering, wing color, standard color, seed color, tegument color, seed brightness, commercial group. For molecular characterization, seven markers were used that presented polymorphism The dissimilarity values, using morphological data, ranged from 0 to 8.5; organizing the lineages into three distinct groups. In the molecular analyzes, of the 18 primers tested, 11 were monomorphic and 7 presented polymorphism. The dissimilarity values for molecular analysis ranged from 0 to 0.8; with an average of 0.57. In addition to being informative, these markers are associated with important characteristics for common beans. Joint analysis of the data presented dissimilarity values ranging from 0.0 to 12.5, with an average of 6.89, forming three groups. The joint analysis of morphological and molecular data was efficient to characterize and distinguish inbred lines. The molecular markers used were suitable to the present study. The lines 18 and 19 can be considered duplicate because in all analyzes they remained together.

O biribazeiro é uma planta frutífera nativa das matas Atlântica e Amazônica. Seus frutos têm grande aceitação popular para consumo in natura. Objetivou-se com este estudo a avaliação da diversidade genética de acessos de biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.] Baill) com a utilização de marcadores moleculares ISSR. Foram analisados 16 acessos com 20 primers ISSR, os quais produziram um total de 118 bandas, sendo 96 polimórficas e 22 monomórficas. Os valores de dissimilaridade genética, calculados de acordo com o complemento do índice de Jaccard, variaram de 0,0909 a 0,5147. O método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Average) agrupou os acessos em seis grupos. Os acessos 1 e 5 foram mais dissimilares e 11 e 12 os menos dissimilares. Os marcadores ISSR utilizados neste estudo demonstraram eficiência na detecção de polimorfismos moleculares, revelando variabilidade genética entre os 16 acessos. Diante dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, é possível inferir que existe considerável variabilidade genética entre os acessos de biribazeiro, demonstrando a importância dos marcadores na análise de variabilidade de espécies pouco estudadas, como Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill.

The biribazeiro is a fruit plant native from Amazonian and Atlantic forests, in Brazil. Their fruits have great popular acceptance for fresh consumption. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic divergence of biriba genotypes (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill) using ISSR molecular markers. Sixteen genotypes of biriba were screened with 20 ISSR primers, which produced a total of 118 bands, with 96 polymorphic and 22 monomorphic fragments. The genetic dissimilarity values ranged from 0.0909 to 0.5147, based on the complement of the Jaccard index. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Average Method) grouped the accessions into six groups. The genotypes 1 and 5 were most dissimilar and 11 and 12 the most similar. The ISSR markers used in this study demonstrated the efficiency of molecular polymorphisms detection, revealing high genetic variability among the 16 accessions. So, it can be inferred that there is a considerable genetic variation among accessions of the biribazeiro, showing the importance of molecular markers in the analysis of variability of species poorly studied, as Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill.

Cinqüenta e oito genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sendo 32 genótipos locais, 20 genótipos provenientes da EMBRAPA e seis cultivares comerciais, foram avaliados em Alegre/ES, através da influência de oito caracteres de importância agronômica sobre a produção de grãos por unidade de área. O experimento, em blocos casualizados com três repetições, foi conduzido no período das "águas" no ano agrícola de 2008/09. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os coeficientes de trilha entre os caracteres primários e secundários sobre a produtividade de grãos. Os caracteres primários foram constituídos pelo número de sementes por vagem (NSV), peso de cem grãos (P100), número de vagem por planta (NVP) e número de sementes por planta (NSP), os caracteres secundários foram: número de dias da germinação até à floração (FL), número de dias entre a emergência e a maturação de colheita (MC), estatura da planta (EP) e altura da inserção da primeira vagem (PIV). A análise do coeficiente de trilha demonstrou que o caráter primário com maior efeito direto sobre produtividade (PROD) foi NVP (1,0011), associado à alta correlação (0,754). As variáveis P100 e NSV apresentaram altos efeitos indiretos sobre NVP de 0,8848 e 0,6369, respectivamente. Observou-se um incremento em P100 e NVP em plantas de ciclo e período vegetativo curtos e uma maior altura de inserção da primeira vagem, sendo que o ponto de inserção da primeira vagem não influenciou significativamente a produtividade.

Fifty-eight genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), being 32 local genotypes, 20 genotypes from EMBRAPA and six commercial cultivars were evaluated in Alegre/ES, through the influence of eight characters of agronomic importance to grain production by unit area. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in the wet period of 2008/09 crop year. This study aimed to estimate the path coefficients between the primary and secondary characters on grain yield. The primary characters were set up by the number of seeds per pod (NSV), weight of one hundred grains (P100), number of pods per plant (NVP) and number of seeds per plant (NSP) and the secondary traits were number of days from germination to flowering (FL), number of days between emergence and harvest maturity (MC), plant height (EP), height of the first pod (PIV). The analysis of the path coefficient showed that the primary character with more direct effect on yield (PROD) was NVP (1.0011), associated with high correlation (0.754). Variables P100 and NSV showed high indirect effect on NVP of 0.8848 and 0.6369, respectively. It was observed an increase in P100 and NVP in plants with short cycle and growing season and first pod height taller, and that the height of the first pod did not significantly influence productivity.