Abstract A continuous increase in levels of atmospheric pollution and emission restrictions has forced scientists and engineers to adopt new strategies to improve and develop internal combustion engines. One strategy is based on the development of new simulation methodologies using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques, proposed in the present article. In this study,the dynamic loop methodology with ANSYS Fluent code is proposed to perform the numerical simulation ofa four-stroke spark ignition engine. The complexity of the real case was first simplified with three-dimensional CAD geometry, which was then discretized in ANSYS Meshing, whereby a hybrid mesh was created using prismatic and tetrahedral elements. Simulations for in-cylinder analyses were performed in cold flow and employing common flow parameters, such as swirl and tumble. The mesh quality results were classified as good or excellent, being higher than 0.79 for orthogonal quality criteria and lower than 0.36 for skewness criteria. Turbulent effects were introduced concerning the opening and closing of the valves. It was found that the turbulence increases during the intake stroke up to 90°, and during the power stroke, wherein the of the piston bowl, had a great contributionthat can be seen from the swirl and tumble profile for the engine cycle. In the case of the turbulence intensity, a sharp increase was registered during the admission step up to 90°, at which point the turbulence intensity was 4.0. It canbe concluded that this is an innovative approach, capable of simulating the engine motion profile in cold flow.

Abstract: The proper choice of raw materials and manufacturing parameters for Cross Laminated Timber is essential to promote the proper bonding of the lamellas, aiming at their application in construction. However, few Brazilian species are currently used in the production of Cross Laminated Timber. The aim of this work was to characterize the bonding quality of four Brazilian reforestation species (Pinus elliottii (pino ellioti), Eucalyptus grandis (eucalipto), Toona ciliata (toona) and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (lazcar)) in the manufacture of Cross Laminated Timber with two-component polyurethane adhesive and five different pressure levels (from 0,1 MPa to 1,3 MPa). Bonding quality was evaluated through delamination and glue line shear tests based on the European standard. Delamination was affected by the wood species, and the best adhesion occurred for the Cross Laminated Timber manufactured with Pinus elliottii (pino ellioti) and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (lazcar) at the bonding pressure of 0,7 MPa. Cross Laminated Timber bonding pressure did not affect the percentage of wood in the shear test fractured surface, whereas higher density Cross Laminated Timber showed higher percentages.

Resumo: O objetivo da investigação se orientou ao fortalecimento das competências de investigação dos professores do ensino secundário por meio da incorporação de um plano de formação com tecnologias digitais. Metodologicamente, foi realizada uma investigação quantitativa com escopo descritivo. A população do estudo foi de 21 professores distribuídos em 11 mulheres e 10 homens pertencentes à Instituição Educacional Luis Carlos Galán (IELCG). Os resultados do pré-teste permitiram estabelecer os conteúdos temáticos para a consolidação de um plano de formação; com a sua aplicação foram fortalecidas as competências investigativas, o que se reflete nos resultados obtidos no pós-teste

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación se orientó al fortalecimiento de las habilidades investigativas en docentes de educación media a través de la incorporación de un plan de formación con tecnologías digitales. Metodológicamente se abordó una investigación cuantitativa con alcance descriptivo. La población de estudio fueron 21 docentes distribuidos en 11 mujeres y 10 varones pertenecientes a la Institución Educativa Luis Carlos Galán (IELCG). Los resultados del pretest permitieron establecer los contenidos temáticos para la consolidación de un plan de formación; con su aplicación se fortalecieron las habilidades investigativas, lo que se refleja en los hallazgos obtenidos en el postest

Abstract: The research aimed at enhancing the research skills of high school teachers through the incorporation of a training plan using digital technologies. Methodologically, it employed a quantitative research approach with a descriptive scope. The study population consisted of 21 teachers, including 11 females and 10 males, affiliated with the Luis Carlos Galán Educational Institution (IELG). The pretest results were used to identify thematic contents for the development of a training plan. The application of this plan strengthened the research skills, as evidenced by the findings from the post-test.

Abstract Introduction: acrylamide is formed by the Maillard reaction and is found in many food products subjected to thermal processes, generating genotoxicity and DNA damage. Studies have reported that lactobacilli have the ability to generate compounds with antioxidant, antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activity, which is why the present work aims to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus strains and their intra and extracellular extracts against genotoxicity and oxidative stress as caused by acrylamide. Methods: a strain of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL B-14171 were used, both were cultured in MRS broth and subjected to mechanical and enzymatic treatments to obtain extra and intracellular extracts. Lymphocytes were cultured in RPMI medium. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by TBARS and the antioxidant capacity was measured in the extra and intracellular extracts with the ABTS technique, also using a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC 212 as a model. The reduction of lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes was measured by TBARS and the reduction of genotoxicity by reducing the formation of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Results: both strains evaluated, as well as their intra and extracellular extracts, showed the ability to counteract oxidative stress and genotoxicity caused by acrylamide. Conclusion: the results found suggest that the use of intra and extracellular extracts of both strains could be an alternative to reduce the effects of genotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by acrylamide without the need for a viable structure.

Resumen Introducción: la acrilamida se forma mediante la reacción de Maillard, por lo que se encuentra en muchos productos alimenticios sometidos a procesos térmicos, generando genotoxicidad y daños al ADN. Los estudios han reportado que los lactobacilos tienen la capacidad de generar compuestos con actividad antioxidante, antigenotóxica y antimutagénica, y es por esto que el presente trabajo pretende evaluar el efecto de cepas de Lactobacillus y sus extractos intra y extracelulares contra la genotoxicidad y el estrés oxidativo causado por la acrilamida. Métodos: se empleó una cepa de Lactobacillus casei Shirota y una cepa de Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL B-14171. Ambas fueron cultivadas en caldo MRS y sometidas a tratamientos mecánicos y enzimáticos para obtener los extractos extra e intracelulares. Los linfocitos fueron cultivados en medio RPMI, la peroxidación lipídica se evaluó por TBARS y la capacidad antioxidante se midió en los extractos extra e intracelulares con la técnica ABTS, empleando además una cepa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC 212 como modelo. La reducción de la peroxidación lipídica en los linfocitos se midió por TBARS y la reducción de la genotoxicidad mediante la reducción de la formación de micronúcleos en los linfocitos. Resultados: ambas cepas evaluadas, así como sus extractos intra y extracelulares, mostraron capacidad de contrarrestar el estrés oxidativo y la genotoxicidad causada por la acrilamida. Conclusión: los resultados encontrados, sugieren que el empleo de extractos intra y extracelulares de ambas cepas podría ser una alternativa para reducir los efectos de genotoxicidad y estrés oxidativo causados por la acrilamida sin la necesidad de requerir una estructura viable..

ABSTRACT This Collective Case Design describes the evaluative resources produced by fourteen immigrant schoolchildren, who construct a narrative discourse shaped by their experiences, educational transitions and academic-professional expectations. For this purpose, in-depth interviews and a collective participatory methodology, both of a biographical-narrative nature, were carried out. Positioned from the APPRAISAL system, the semantic-discursive component of ATTITUDE and its three levels of expression are examined: AFFECT, JUDGMENT! and APPRECIATION. The results highlight the incidence of factors such as: family support, racism, the role of teachers and the expectations of university education and access to work. These elements emerge as key variables in the educational transitions of those immigrant students who have experienced changes in culture and space.

RESUMEN En este Diseño Colectivo de Casos se describen los recursos valorativos producidos por catorce escolares inmigrantes, los cuales construyen un discurso narrativo conformado por sus experiencias, transiciones educativas y expectativas académico-profesionales. Para ello, se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad y una metodología participativa colectiva, ambas de corte biográfico-narrativo. Posicionados desde el Sistema de VALORACIÓN, se examina el componente semántico-discursivo de ACTITUD y sus tres niveles de expresión: el AFECTO, el JUICIO y la APRECIACIÓN. Los resultados ponen de relieve la incidencia de factores como: el acompañamiento familiar, el racismo, el rol del profesorado y las expectativas de formación universitaria y acceso al trabajo. Estos elementos emergen como variables clave en las transiciones educativas de aquellos estudiantes inmigrantes que han vivido cambios de cultura y espacio.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the relationship between the presence of proteinuria as a renal injury marker in elderly without history of systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was developed from January 2014 to December 2019, through kidney disease prevention campaigns promoted by the Federal University of Ceará in the city of Fortaleza. Methods: The sample consisted of 417 elderlies. A questionnaire was used to characterize individuals and assess previous diseases, and urinalysis reagent strips were used to assess proteinuria. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and moderate effect sizes were found for blood pressure levels (CI 0.53-0.93), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (CI 0.21-0.61). Significant differences in capillary glycemia were also found between groups (p = 0.033), but with a low effect size (0.02–0.42). The group with comorbidities was 2.94 times more likely to have proteinuria than those without comorbidities (OR 2.94, CI 1.55-4.01; p < 0.05). In the group without cardiovascular disease/high blood pressure, a statistically significant association was found for previous diabetes and proteinuria (p = 0.037), presenting 2.68 times higher risk of proteinuria in those with diabetes mellitus (OR 2.68, CI 1.05-6.85). Significant association was also found between age groups, with the older group having 2.69 times higher risk of developing proteinuria (75 to 90 compared to 60 to 74 years) (CI 1.01-7.16; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Even without systemic arterial hypertension or cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age can be considered high risk factors for proteinuria.

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre a presença de proteinúria como marcador de lesão renal em idosos sem histórico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doenças cardiovasculares. Um estudo transversal foi desenvolvido de Janeiro de 2014 a Dezembro de 2019, por meio de campanhas de prevenção a doenças renais promovidas pela Universidade Federal do Ceará, na cidade de Fortaleza. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 417 idosos. Um questionário foi usado para caracterizar indivíduos e avaliar doenças prévias, e foram utilizadas tiras reagentes de urinálise para avaliar proteinúria. Resultados: Diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) e tamanhos de efeito moderados foram encontrados para níveis de pressão arterial (IC 0,53-0,93), pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica (IC 0,21-0,61). Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas na glicemia capilar entre grupos (p = 0,033), mas com um tamanho de efeito baixo (0,02–0,42). O grupo com comorbidades apresentou 2,94 vezes mais probabilidade de ter proteinúria do que aqueles sem comorbidades (OR 2,94; IC 1,55-4,01; p < 0,05). No grupo sem doença cardiovascular/hipertensão, foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa para diabetes anterior e proteinúria (p = 0,037), apresentando risco 2,68 vezes maior de proteinúria naqueles com diabetes mellitus (OR 2,68; IC 1,05-6,85). Também foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre faixas etárias, com o grupo mais velho apresentando risco 2,69 vezes maior de desenvolver proteinúria (75 a 90 em comparação com 60 a 74 anos) (IC 1,01-7,16; p = 0,045). Conclusão: Mesmo sem hipertensão arterial sistêmica ou doença cardiovascular, o diabetes e a idade avançada podem ser considerados fatores de alto risco para proteinúria.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this investigation was to verify the possibilities and potentialities of the use of active methodologies (AM), with a focus on rotation by stations, in Youth and Adult Education (YAE). The study also aimed to suggest AM as a proposal that collaborates with quality in teaching-learning and can contribute to students becoming autonomous subjects. Since it is an audience that needs more attention from researchers in the area of education, from this the practice in question was carried out in a six-class municipal school with 112 students in the center-west of Goiás. The class chosen for the practice has 28 students enrolled, and two are from Inclusive Education. Methodology: In the data collection, we used questionnaires, and the data collected were analyzed in a discursive way. For this research, we used a qualitative approach of the descriptive type and documental analysis of public policies. Conclusions: It is concluded that the applied practice must gradually be inserted into the education of young people and adults, collaborating with the student to facilitate learning and with the teacher, who is always looking for new ways to meet your student.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue verificar las posibilidades y potencialidades del uso de metodologías activas (AM), con enfoque de rotación por estaciones, en la educación de personas jóvenes y adultas (EJA), además de sugerir AM como una propuesta que colabora con calidad en la enseñanza-aprendizaje y puede contribuir a que el estudiantado se convierta en autónomo. Por tratarse de un público que necesita más atención de las personas investigadoras en el área de la educación, a partir de eso, la práctica en cuestión fue realizada en una escuela municipal, en el centro-oeste de Goiás, y cuenta con seis clases, en un total de 112 estudiantes. El curso escogido para la práctica tiene 28 estudiantes com matrícula, dos de em educación inclusiva. Metodología: En la recolección de datos se utilizaron cuestionarios y los datos de estos cuestionarios fueron analizados de forma discursiva, se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y análisis documental de políticas públicas. Conclusión: Se concluye que la práctica aplicada debe insertarse en la formación de jóvenes y personas adultas de forma paulatina, y colaborar con el estudiantado, con el fin de facilitar su aprendizaje, como con el personal docente, que siempre está buscando nuevas formas de satisfacer sus necesidades.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar as possibilidades e potencialidades do uso de metodologias ativas (AM), com foco na rotação por estações, na educação de jovens e adultos (EJA), além de sugerir as MA como proposta que colabora com a qualidade no ensino-aprendizagem e pode contribuir para que os estudantes se tornem autônomos. Como este é um público que precisa de mais atenção dos pesquisadores na área da educação, a partir disto, a prática em questão foi realizada em uma escola municipal, no centro-oeste goiano, e conta com seis classes, num total de 112 alunos. A classe escolhida para a prática tem 28 alunos matriculados, dois deles em educação inclusiva. Metodología: Na coleta de dados utilizamos questionários e os dados destes questionários foram analisados de forma discursiva. Para esta pesquisa foi utilizado a abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e análise documental de políticas públicas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prática aplicada deve ser inserida na educação de jovens e adultos de forma gradual, e colaborar com os estudantes, com o objetivo de facilitar sua aprendizagem, assim como com o corpo docente, que está sempre em busca de novas formas para atender seu alunado.

Abstract The scope of this article was to identify the social representations of children in a municipal public school in Rio de Janeiro, with respect to the blood sampling procedure and to discuss the social representations that emerge, in the light of the performance of the family health team in carrying out this procedure. Moscovisci’s method/theory of analysis of social representations based on a qualitative approach was used. For data collection, the projective technique of the esthetic production scene and the student’s speech was used. The results were grouped into four categories: 1) structural dimensions involved in the blood sampling procedure; 2) dimension of the human component and its interface in the blood sampling procedure; 3) the psycho-emotional dimension portrayed in the blood sampling procedure; and 4) blood sampling: the importance for student health. With respect to the importance of blood sampling, we highlight the perception of students regarding the importance of actions aimed at prevention and health care promotion.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar as representações sociais de crianças de uma escola pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro acerca do procedimento de coleta sanguínea e discutir as representações sociais emergidas, à luz da atuação da equipe de saúde da família na realização desse procedimento. Utilizou-se o método e a teoria de análise das representações sociais fundamentadas por Moscovisci e Jodelet, numa abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, empregou-se a técnica projetiva de cena de produção estética e do discurso do escolar. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: 1) dimensões estruturais que envolvem o procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 2) dimensão do componente humano e sua interface no procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 3) a dimensão psicoemocional retratada no procedimento de coleta sanguínea e 4) a coleta de sangue: a importância para a saúde do escolar. No que diz respeito à importância da coleta sanguínea, evidenciamos a percepção de escolares para a importância de ações voltadas à prevenção e promoção da saúde.

ABSTRACT Bacterial endocarditis, secondary to Brucella spp. infection, in this case by B. melitensis, as a complication of human brucellosis has a low incidence. Although it is the clinical presentation most frequently associated with mortality, not all cases are lethal if timely treatment is provided. We describe a clinical case of bacterial endocarditis due to B. melitensis in a 40-year-old male patient with a history of conducting cattle deliveries and consuming unpasteurized milk, diagnosed after isolating the microorganism in blood culture. He presented with the following clinical manifestations after seven days of evolution: fever, myalgias, arthralgias, dry cough and weight loss (15 kg). The hemogram revealed leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia; while a transesophageal echocardiogram showed vegetation on the aortic valve with decreased systolic function, and B. melitensis was isolated in a blood culture. Considering this medical history, antibacterial treatment was initiated with rifampicin, doxycycline and gentamicin. The patient recovered and had satisfactory clinical evolution. Brucellosis is a rare disease. It should be considered in any person with a fever of unknown origin who lives in endemic areas or is exposed to the care of farm animals. Endocarditis is a highly lethal complication of human brucellosis; therefore, it requires a precise diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN La endocarditis bacteriana secundaria a la infección por Brucella spp., en este caso B. melitensis, como complicación de la brucelosis humana tiene una incidencia baja y, aunque es la presentación clínica con la que se asocia más frecuentemente la mortalidad, no todos los casos son letales, si son tratados oportunamente. Se describe el caso clínico de una endocarditis bacteriana por B. melitensis, diagnosticada en un adulto por el aislamiento del microorganismo en el hemocultivo. Paciente del sexo masculino, de 40 años, con antecedentes de realizar partos en el ganado bovino y consumir leche no pasteurizada. Acudió al médico por presentar durante siete días de evolución de las siguientes manifestaciones clínicas: fiebre, mialgias, artralgias, tos seca y pérdida de peso (15 kg). El hemograma informa: leucopenia, trombocitopenia y anemia; mientras que en un ecocardiograma transesofágico se observó vegetación en la válvula aórtica con una disminución de la función sistólica y en el hemocultivo se aisló B. melitensis. Debido a estos antecedentes, se inició el tratamiento antibacteriano con rifampicina, doxiciclina y gentamicina. El paciente se recuperó y tuvo una evolución clínica satisfactoria. La brucelosis es una enfermedad infrecuente. Debe considerarse en toda persona con fiebre de foco desconocido que resida en zonas endémicas o esté expuesto al cuidado de animales de granja. En esta enfermedad se impone un diagnóstico y tratamiento preciso, por ser una complicación con alta letalidad.

The worldwide emergence of viral diseases such as Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile and Yellow Fever urge the search for solutions to eliminate their common vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This paper describes the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and docking studies of a series of nine 3-(3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propionic acids (AOPA), 1-9, previously published by our group. Additionally, three new 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 10-12, have also been synthesized, characterized and studied. The QSAR and docking studies of all compounds, 1-12, clearly indicate that larger hydrophobic substituents such as biphenyl groups attached on position 3 in 1,2,4-oxadiazoles improve the larvicidal activity. It is worthwhile to mention that nanocapsulation of compounds 10-12 were necessary to help their dissolution in water and these three new 1,2,4-oxadiazoles also exhibited approximately equal or higher larvicidal activities compared to the former prototypes at stage L4.

Abstract An economic feasibility study must consider the uncertainties inherent to a mining project, whose risks must be quantified properly to enable accurate decision-making. Studies previously carried out through the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methodology in the project evaluated here - a quarry whose operations are currently interrupted, located in Pernambuco, Brazil, formerly taxed under the presumed profit regime - indicated a positive Net Present Value (NPV) in the deterministic scenario, therefore projecting a profitable project. However, a probabilistic analysis using Monte Carlo simulations indicated only a 49.98% occurrence probability for this NPV. An assessment focused on the company's taxation was never carried out, which is a gap that the present study intends to fill, in addition to evaluating the feasibility of immediate investment in this project. Furthermore, this is a gap in Brazilian literature in general, which does not take into account the taxation system in their economic assessments. In this context, considering scenarios whose taxation was based on real and presumed profit regimes, we reassessed the cash flows of this quarry and performed deterministic and probabilistic economic analyses, and compared the results of both scenarios. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the production rate would be the most impactful variable in the project's NPV, considering the six variables assessed. Hence, it was verified in both deterministic and probabilistic analyses that taxation under real profit, results in a higher economic return with a 56.08% probability of the NPV being positive and with the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) higher than infation (SELIC rate) at 4.81%; the taxation under the presumed profit, on the other hand, obtained respective probabilities of 46.54% and 3.23%. However, with the chances of obtaining some profit (NPV greater than zero) at the order of 50% and a minimal chance of the IRR being greater than the SELIC rate adopted at the time of this study, we would advise against investing in this venture. Moreover, even if the current moment is not the most suitable for investment in this sector, regardless of the production rate assessed in the probabilistic analysis, taxation on the real profit regime presented a greater economic return than taxation on the presumed profit regime., indicating that, for the parameters considered in this study, the first would be the most appropriate choice of tax system for this type of enterprise in Brazil.

Abstract: The cultural industry assumed greater relevance as a productive system and expanded its market share with different forms of reception, transmission, and communication with the public, increasingly using the so-called classification and recommendation algorithms and manipulation of mass processed data, which do not require cyber-physical systems for cataloging andconstant feedback from all parties involved for cataloging. In this regard, this paper proposes a methodology to support the classification and creation of corresponding groups, automatically, of cultural productions of certain segments through Robot Process Automation (RPA) techniques, to first extract public data created by fans of certain cultural segments, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), for the clustering of these productions based on the data of the terms extracted by RPA. As a case study for this proposal, we specifically observed the anime market, defined as an originally Japanese cultural product with high fan engagement and high annual production scale, supported by data obtained from two public databases data: MyAnimeList and AniDB, built collaboratively by fans. The application of the methodology allowed the automatic classification of anime, grouping them into topics that allow the proposal of a new demography of products of this genre in relation to the current one, providing a greater level of detail and allowing to contemplate the expansion of new themes.

Resumen: La industria cultural asumió mayor relevancia como sistema productivo y amplió su cuota de mercado con distintas formas de recepción, transmisión y comunicación con el público, con un creciente uso de los llamados algoritmos de clasificación, recomendación y manipulación de datos procesados en masa, que no requieren sistemas ciber-físicos para la catalogación ni una retroalimentación constante de todas las partes involucradas. En este sentido, este trabajo propone una metodología para apoyar la clasificación y creación de grupos correspondientes de forma automática de obras y producciones culturales de determinados segmentos mediante técnicas de Robot Process Automation (RPA) para extraer, primeramente, datos públicos creados por fans de determinados segmentos culturales, y Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), para la agrupación de estos trabajos a partir de los datos de los términos extraídos por RPA. Como caso de estudio para se observó específicamente el mercado de animes, definido como un producto cultural originariamente japonés con un fuerte compromiso y apoyo de los fans y alta escala de producción anual, sustentado en datos obtenidos de dos bases de datos de carácter público construidos en colaboración por fans: MyAnimeList y AniDB. La aplicación de la metodología propuesta permitió la clasificación automática de animes, agrupándolos en temas que permiten proponer una nueva demografía de obras de este género diferente de la actual, proporcionando un mayor nivel de detalle y permitiendo contemplar la expansión de temas nuevos.

Resumo: A indústria cultural adquiriu maior relevância como sistema produtivo e ampliou sua participação no mercado com diversas formas de recepção, transmissão e comunicação com o público, com utilização cada vez maior dos chamados algoritmos de classificação, recomendação e manipulação de dados processados em massa, os quais prescindem de sistemas ciber-físicos para catalogação e retroalimentação constante por todas as partes envolvidas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia de apoio à classificação e criação de grupos correspondentes, de forma automática, de obras e produções culturais de determinados segmentos através de técnicas de Robot Process Automation (RPA), para primeiramente extrair dados públicos criados por fãs de certos segmentos culturais, e de Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), para a agrupação destas obras com base nos dados dos termos extraídos por RPA. Como caso de estudo, observou-se em específico o mercado de anime, sendo este definido como um produto cultural originalmente japonês com alto engajamento e apoio dos fãs e alta escala de produção anual, tendo como suporte de dados aqueles obtidos em duas bases de dados públicas, o MyAnimeList e o AniDB, construídos de forma colaborativa por fãs. A aplicação da metodologia proposta permitiu a classificação automática de animes, agrupando-os em tópicos que possibilitam a proposição de uma nova demografia de obras deste gênero diferente em relação à atual, provendo um nível de detalhamento maior e permitindo contemplar a expansão de temáticas novas.

RESUMO: A prática da eutanásia animal é circundada por questões éticas e morais, o que resulta, muitas vezes, em prejuízo à saúde mental do veterinário, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de problemas psíquicos e mesmo ao suicídio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as percepções do médico veterinário a respeito da eutanásia e as possíveis implicações da prática à sua saúde mental, além de buscar identificar lacunas acerca do tema na formação destes profissionais. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante aplicação de questionário online encaminhado a médicos veterinários atuantes no território brasileiro. Dentre os 243 participantes, 78% afirmaram não ter tido durante a graduação disciplinas que abordassem de forma ampla a prática da eutanásia e distanásia animal; além disso, 71% alegaram que conteúdos como ética médica, psicologia, saúde mental e comunicação verbal não foram tratados. A grande maioria (90%) considera não ter sido preparado para lidar com a morte de seus pacientes e 67% já questionaram se o procedimento era o melhor a se fazer naquele momento. Á presença de tristeza após realização de uma eutanásia apresentou-se de forma frequente entre os participantes. Os clínicos de pequenos animais mostraram-se mais suscetível à presença deste sentimento quando comparados aos veterinários de outras áreas. A maior parte dos médicos veterinários (86%) acredita que a prática da eutanásia animal pode oferecer riscos a saúde mental do realizador e 89% afirmam que a mesma pode ter influencia sobre sua saúde mental. Sendo que, 17% dos participantes estavam fazendo uso de medicamentos controlados durante o período da pesquisa. Diante desses achados, evidencia-se que a prática da eutanásia animal repercute negativamente na saúde mental de quem a executa, sendo necessárias medidas que minimizem os impactos advindos da prática, visando melhoria na saúde e bem-estar desta população.

ABSTRACT: Ethical and moral issues surround the practice of animal euthanasia, which often damages the veterinarian’s mental health, leading to psychological problems and even suicide. This study aimed to evaluate veterinarians’ perceptions about euthanasia and the possible implications of the practice for their mental health and seek to identify gaps in the training of these professionals. Data collection occurred by applying an online questionnaire sent to veterinarians working in the Brazilian territory. Among the 243 participants, 78% said they did not have classes that broadly addressed the practice of animal euthanasia and dysthanasia during undergraduate disciplines; in addition, 71% claimed that they did not address subjects such as medical ethics, psychology, mental health, and verbal communication. The vast majority (90%) considered not trained to deal with patient death, and 67% have already questioned whether the procedure was the best alternative. The presence of sadness after performing euthanasia was frequent among participants. Small animal clinicians were more susceptible to the presence of this feeling when compared to a veterinarian from other areas. Most veterinarians (86%) believed that the practice of animal euthanasia poses risks to the performer’s mental health, and 89% claimed that it influences their mental health. 17% of the participants were using controlled medications during the research period. So, given these findings, it is evident that animal euthanasia negatively affects the mental health of those who perform it. Measures are needed to minimize the impacts arising from the practice, aiming to improve this population’s health and well-being.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar as representações sociais de crianças de uma escola pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro acerca do procedimento de coleta sanguínea e discutir as representações sociais emergidas, à luz da atuação da equipe de saúde da família na realização desse procedimento. Utilizou-se o método e a teoria de análise das representações sociais fundamentadas por Moscovisci e Jodelet, numa abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, empregou-se a técnica projetiva de cena de produção estética e do discurso do escolar. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: 1) dimensões estruturais que envolvem o procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 2) dimensão do componente humano e sua interface no procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 3) a dimensão psicoemocional retratada no procedimento de coleta sanguínea e 4) a coleta de sangue: a importância para a saúde do escolar. No que diz respeito à importância da coleta sanguínea, evidenciamos a percepção de escolares para a importância de ações voltadas à prevenção e promoção da saúde.

Abstract The scope of this article was to identify the social representations of children in a municipal public school in Rio de Janeiro, with respect to the blood sampling procedure and to discuss the social representations that emerge, in the light of the performance of the family health team in carrying out this procedure. Moscovisci’s method/theory of analysis of social representations based on a qualitative approach was used. For data collection, the projective technique of the esthetic production scene and the student’s speech was used. The results were grouped into four categories: 1) structural dimensions involved in the blood sampling procedure; 2) dimension of the human component and its interface in the blood sampling procedure; 3) the psycho-emotional dimension portrayed in the blood sampling procedure; and 4) blood sampling: the importance for student health. With respect to the importance of blood sampling, we highlight the perception of students regarding the importance of actions aimed at prevention and health care promotion.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the rates of precancerous lesions, colposcopy referral, and positive predictive value (PPV) by age groups of a population-based screening with DNA-HPV testing. Methods The present demonstration study compared 16,384 HPV tests performed in the first 30 months of the program with 19,992 women tested in the cytology screening. The colposcopy referral rate and PPV for CIN2+ and CIN3+ by age group and screening program were compared. The statistical analysis used the chi-squared test and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results The HPV tests were 3.26% positive for HPV16-HPV18 and 9.92% positive for 12 other HPVs with a 3.7 times higher colposcopy referral rate than the cytology program, which had 1.68% abnormalities. Human Papillomavirus testing detected 103 CIN2, 89 CIN3, and one AIS, compared with 24 CIN2 and 54 CIN3 detected by cytology (p < 0.0001). The age group between 25 and 29 years old screened by HPV testing had 2.4 to 3.0 times more positivity, 13.0% colposcopy referral, twice more than women aged 30 to 39 years old (7.7%; p < 0.0001), and detected 20 CIN3 and 3 early-stage cancer versus 9 CIN3 and no cancer by cytology screening (CIN3 OR= 2.10; 95%CI: 0.91 -5.25; p = 0.043). The PPV of colposcopy for CIN2+ ranged from 29.5 to 41.0% in the HPV testing program. Conclusion There was a significant increase in detections of cervix precancerous lesions in a short period of screening with HPV testing. In women < 30 years old, the HPV testing exhibited more positivity, high colposcopy referral rate, similar colposcopy PPV to older women, and more detection of HSIL and early-stage cervical cancer.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as taxas de lesões pré-cancerosas, encaminhamento para colposco pia e valor preditivo positivo (VPP) por faixas etárias de rastreamento populacional com teste DNA-HPV. Métodos O presente estudo de demonstração comparou 16.384 testes de HPV realizados nos primeiros 30 meses do programa com 19.992 mulheres testadas no rastreio citológico. Os programas foram comparados por taxa de encaminhamento de colposcopia e VPP para NIC2+ e NIC3+ por faixa etária. A análise estatística utilizou o teste de qui-quadrado e odds ratio (OR, na sigla em inglês) com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados Os testes de HPV foram 3,26% positivos para HPV16-HPV18 e 9,92% positivos para 12 outros HPVs, com uma taxa de encaminhamento de colposcopia 3,7 vezes maior do que o programa de citologia, que teve 1,68% de anormalidades. O teste de HPV detectou 103 NIC2, 89 NIC3 e um AIS, em comparação com 24 NIC2 e 54 NIC3 detectados por citologia (p < 0,0001 ). O rastreio por teste de HPV no grupo etário 25 a 29 anos teve 2,4 a 3,0 vezes mais positividade, 13,0% de encaminhamento para colposcopia, 2 vezes mais que mulheres de 30 a 39 anos (7,7%; p < 0,0001 ), e detectou 20 NIC3 e 3 cânceres em estágio inicial versus nove NIC3 e nenhum câncer pelo rastreio citológico (NIC3 OR= 2,10; 96%CI: 0,91 -5,25; p = 0,043). O VPP da colposcopia para NIC2+ variou de 29,5 a 41,0% no programa de teste de HPV. Conclusão Houve um aumento significativo na detecção de lesões pré-cancerosas do colo do útero em um curto período de rastreamento com teste de HPV. Em mulheres < 30 anos, o teste de HPV exibiu mais positividade, alta taxa de encaminhamento para colposcopia com VPP semelhante a mulheres mais velhas, e mais detecção de HSIL e de câncer cervical em estágio inicial.