ABSTRACT This study aimed at assessing the effect of pelleted and expanded maize-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels (ML, 0.8 and 1.6%) particle size (PS, 650 and 850µ) of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. A total of 720 one-day-old male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain were used. The experiment was performed over a period of 40d (days) and birds received water and feed ad libitum. From 10 to 13d higher AMEn values were obtained for birds fed expanded feeds with 1.6% ML and 850µ PS. Higher values AMEn were encountered when adding 0.8% ML in pellet feeds with 850µ or 1.6%ML/650µ PS. Expanded and pelleted diets with 1.6% ML (independent of PS, 650 or 850µ) presented higher amino acid digestibility. For diets with 0.8% of ML, better result for the digestibility of amino acids were obtained with PS 650µ for expanded and 850µ for pelleted diets. Higher weight gain was observed in broilers fed diets with 1.6% moisture at 21 and 40d. Feed conversion was improved by adding 1.6% ML only at 21d. Regarding carcass characteristics, expanded diets combined with PS of 650µ led to a higher accumulation of abdominal fat. The birds fed expanded diets at 1.6% moisture had higher breast yields. We concluded that to increase the use of nutrients, EMAn and broiler performance, it is recommended that pelleted diets be prepared with the addition of 1.6% water to the mixer and a particle size of 850µ.

RESUMO Introdução: O limite de estabilidade caracteriza-se pelo ângulo máximo de inclinação que um indivíduo pode alcançar e pela maior variabilidade em condições extremas; trata-se de uma estratégia arrojada e/ou perigosa do controle motor. Objetivos: Avaliar se as medidas antropométricas e a composição corporal interferem nos limites de estabilidade e nas descargas de peso em diferentes velocidades em adultos. Métodos: Foram analisados 87 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, entre 20 a 40 anos de idade, por meio de avaliação antropométrica e composição corporal. Para as avaliações de equilíbrio foram usados uma plataforma de força, testes de limite de estabilidade (LE) e troca rítmica de peso (TRP). Resultados: No teste de LE, o sexo feminino correlacionou-se negativamente com o tamanho do pé e o tempo de reação e positivamente com a excursão máxima. Na TRP, o grupo feminino apresentou correlação negativa com estatura e comprimento do membro superior (CMS) com controle de direção médio-lateral. O grupo masculino apresentou correlação negativa com CMS e controle de direção látero-lateral. Conclusões: As variáveis de composição corporal não interferem nos testes de LE e TRP em indivíduos que apresentam valores de índice de massa corporal (IMC) dentro da normalidade, exceto a densitometria óssea (DMO) em mulheres. Quanto aos parâmetros antropométricos, estatura, CMS e tamanho dos pés no grupo feminino e no masculino foram os seguintes: CMS e tamanho dos pés têm pouca influência no controle do equilíbrio postural. Nível de evidência II, Estudos diagnósticos – Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The limit of stability is characterized by the maximum angle of inclination that an individual can reach and greater variability in extreme conditions; it is a bold and/or dangerous motor control strategy. Objective: Assess whether anthropometric measurements and body composition interfere with limits of stability and weight-bearing at different speeds in adults. Methods: Eighty-seven subjects of both sexes aged between 20 and 40 years were analyzed using anthropometric assessment and body composition. A force platform, limits of stability (LoS) and rhythmic weight shift (RWS) tests were used for the balance assessments. Results: In the LoS test, being female was negatively correlated with foot size and reaction time, and positively correlated with maximum excursion. In the RWS test, the female group had a negative correlation with height and upper limb length (ULL), with mediolateral directional control. The male group had a negative correlation with ULL and laterolateral directional control. Conclusion: Body composition variables do not interfere in the LoS and RWS tests in subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) values, except for bone densitometry (BMD) in women. As regards anthropometric parameters, height, ULL and foot size in the female and male groups were as follows: ULL and foot size exert little influence on postural balance control. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test.

RESUMEN Introducción: El límite de estabilidad se caracteriza por el ángulo de inclinación máximo que puede alcanzar un individuo y por la mayor variabilidad en condiciones extremas; se trata de una estrategia audaz y/o peligrosa de control motor. Objetivos: Evaluar si las medidas antropométricas y la composición corporal interfieren en los límites de estabilidad y en las descargas de peso en diferentes velocidades en adultos. Métodos: Fueron analizados 87 individuos de ambos sexos, entre 20 a 40 años de edad, por medio de evaluación antropométrica y composición corporal. Para las evaluaciones de equilibrio se usaron una plataforma de fuerza, tests de límite de estabilidad (LE) e intercambio rítmico de peso (IRP). Resultados: En el test de LE, el sexo femenino se correlacionó negativamente con el tamaño del pie y el tiempo de reacción y positivamente con la excursión máxima. En el IRP el grupo femenino presentó correlación negativa con estatura y longitud de miembros superiores (LMS) con control de dirección medio-lateral. El grupo masculino presentó correlación negativa con LMS y control de dirección latero-lateral. Conclusiones: Las variables de composición corporal no interfieren en los tests LE y IRP en individuos que presentan valores de índice de masa corporal (IMC) dentro de la normalidad, excepto la densitometría ósea (DMO) en mujeres. Sobre los parámetros antropométricos, estatura, LMS y tamaño de los pies en el grupo femenino y en el masculino fueron los siguientes: LMS y tamaño de los pies tienen poca influencia en el control del equilibrio postural. Nivel de evidencia II, Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.

Malaria and tuberculosis are no longer considered to be neglected diseases by the World Health Organization. However, both are huge challenges and public health problems in the world, which affect poor people, today referred to as neglected populations. In addition, malaria and tuberculosis present the same difficulties regarding the treatment, such as toxicity and the microbial resistance. The increase of Plasmodium resistance to the available drugs along with the insurgence of multidrug- and particularly tuberculosis drug-resistant strains are enough to justify efforts towards the development of novel medicines for both diseases. This literature review provides an overview of the state of the art of antimalarial and antituberculosis chemotherapies, emphasising novel drugs introduced in the pharmaceutical market and the advances in research of new candidates for these diseases, and including some aspects of their mechanism/sites of action.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou (1) criar curvas e normas percentílicas para os oito subtestes do Teste de Proficiência Motora Bruininks-Oseretsky, 2ª edição (BOT-2) para crianças brasileiras de 6 a 10 anos e compará-las com os valores do manual de teste original. Para tanto, testamos uma amostra de 931 crianças brasileiras (477 meninas, 454 meninos) com idades entre 6 a 10 anos com a avaliação do BOT-2. O método LMS foi usado para gerar as curvas de percentil e valores normativos, utilizando o software LMSchartmaker Pro versão 2.54. Os resultados demonstram que as meninas tiveram escores significativamente mais altos nos subtestes de precisão motora fina, integração motora fina, destreza manual e equilíbrio, enquanto os meninos tiveram escores significativamente mais altos nos subtestes de coordenação de membros superiores, velocidade de corrida e agilidade e força. Os resultados também indicaram valores mais elevados para o grupo brasileiro nos subtestes de coordenação bilateral, corrida de velocidade e agilidade, equilíbrio e coordenação dos membros superiores quando comparados com a amostra normativa norte-americana. As curvas percentílicas ilustram o aumento nos níveis de proficiência motora à medida que a idade aumenta, com diferentes trajetórias para cada subteste. Estudos futuros devem continuar a investigação de normas culturais e avaliações apropriadas para a população brasileira. Neste estudo, a criação de curvas e normas percentílicas mais adequadas para a população brasileira pode ajudar significativamente na avaliação e intervenção para o desenvolvimento motor em diferentes contextos e com crianças em idade escolar típicas e atípicas.

Abstract This study aimed to (1) create percentile curves and norms for the eight subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition (BOT-2) for 6- to 10-year-old Brazilian children and to (2) compare them to the values of the original test manual. To that, we tested a sample of 931 Brazilian children (477 girls, 454 boys) with ages between 6 to 10 with the BOT-2 assessment. The LMS method was used to generate the percentile curves and normative values, with the LMSchartmaker Pro software version 2.54. Results demonstrate that girls had significantly higher scores for the fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity and balance subtests, while boys had significantly higher scores on upper-limb coordination, running speed and agility, and the strength subtests. The findings also indicated higher values for the Brazilian group in the subtests of bilateral coordination, running speed and agility, balance, and upper-limb coordination when compared to the North American normative sample. The percentile curves illustrate the increase in motor proficiency levels as age increases, with different trajectories for each subtest. Future studies should continue the investigation of cultural norms and appropriate assessments for the Brazilian population. Here, the creation of percentile curves and norms that are better suited for the Brazilian population can significantly help with assessment and intervention for motor development in distinct settings and with typical and atypical school-age children.

Abstract Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and synchronous cervical carcinoma are rare. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman with this disease, treatment and findings by pathology. The LMS was found incidentally in an extension study. Complete resection of the adrenal lesion was performed, showing positive immunoreactions to smooth muscle actin and desmin. Cervical cancer was treated with radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. She has a disease-free period of 17 months, with no recurrence. It is argued that complete surgical resection of LMS is the most important treatment.

Resumen El leiomiosarcoma suprarrenal (LMS) primario y el carcinoma cervicouterino raramente se presentan de forma conjunta. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 72 años de edad con esta enfermedad, el tratamiento y los hallazgos por patología. El LMS fue encontrado incidentalmente en estudio de extensión. Se realizó resección completa de la lesión suprarrenal, que mostró inmunorreacciones positivas a actina de músculo liso y a desmina. El cáncer cervicouterino se trató con radioterapia y quimioterapia concomitante. La paciente lleva un periodo libre de enfermedad (PLE) de 17 meses, sin recurrencia. Se sostiene que la resección quirúrgica completa del LMS es el tratamiento más importante.

The aim of the present study was to provide new spirometry reference equations in a sample of the Brazilian population for the following parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak of expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 50% (FEF50%), 75% average vital capacity (FEF25-75%), and average forced expiratory flow time (FEFT). This was a prospective study using results from chest radiographs, electrocardiograms, and questionnaires to investigate the participants' respiratory symptoms, sedentarism, and comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index). From December 2010 to July 2014, individuals were randomly selected from various locations in the state of Rio de Janeiro. All individuals were examined by a single technician in the morning at the laboratory, and performed the spirometry with the same spirometer. Spirometry values were tabulated for the creation of three equation models: linear regression, logarithmic regression, and logarithms through a method that incorporates the lambda, median, and coefficient of variation (LMS method). Initially, 7003 individuals from both genders were contacted, and 454 were recruited. The data from the new equations were compared with one Brazilian and eight international equations, resulting in a high correlation (r>0.9). The values derived from the LMS method and linear regression were very similar (P>0.5), and both could be used to acquire the reference values for Brazilian spirometry. Data derived from the equations of this study were different from the current Brazilian equation, which could be justified by the different method used.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of the gradual dilution of broiler finisher diets with inert or less nutritive materials on growth performance, feed cost, and meat organoleptic properties. Broiler chicks (n=147) were allocated into 49 pens and fed a mash broiler finisher diet (control) or the control diet diluted either with cassava leaf meal (CLM), gliricidia leaf meal (GLM), grass meal (GM), rice bran (RB), sand (SND), or sawdust (SD). For a given diluent, six diets were prepared by mixing the control diet with the respective diluents (w/w) at 0% (fed from 27-28d),2% (fed from 29-30d), 4% (fed from 31-32d), 6% (fed from 33-34d), 8% (fed from 35-36d) and 10% (fed from 37-40d). SD, RB, GLM and GM significantly reduced the diluent-adjusted feed intake (total feed intake-diluent intake). Except for GLM and SD, other diluents resulted in similar weight gains as the control diet. The dietary dilution with rice bran reported the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.91). The total feed cost of the birds fed control and sand diluted diet was higher (p< 0.001) than those fed other diets. Compared with the control diet, the gradual dilution of feed with RB and SND reduced the feed cost per kg of live weight gain by 12 and 10 Rs, respectively. Meat organoleptic properties of the birds fed RB diluted diet were similar to those of the control birds. It was concluded that gradual feed dilution with inert or less nutritive materials could be used as an alternative to conventional phase feeding. Among the tested materials, rice bran was identified as the best candidate for such gradual feed dilution programs.

Contexto: En este trabajo se investiga el uso de un Algoritmo Genético (GA) para la conformación del haz de un arreglo de antenas en ambientes de Acceso Múltiple por División de Código (CDMA) bajo diferentes relaciones SeËœnal a Ruido, asumiendo que la seËœnal de referencia es conocida. Método: El Algoritmo Genético es un método inspirado en principios evolutivos, usado para optimizar una función objetivo seleccionando los mejores candidatos de una población. La población es generada aleatoriamente para asegurar alta diversidad y conseguir una optimación global. Por otro lado, el algoritmo LMS es un algoritmo que garantiza la convergencia siempre y cuando la seËœnal de referencia sea conocida. Resultados: El GA converge más rápidamente en que el algoritmo LMS en todos los escenarios probados. Además, el GA consiguió mejores resultados apuntando el haz para fuentes estáticas descorrelacionadas. Adicionalmente, una apropiada selección de los parámetros del GA permite una mayor velocidad de convergencia y un mejorado rastreamiento de fuentes en movimiento. Conclusiones: Los resultados de las simulaciones confirman que el GA es una herramienta capaz de obtener una convergencia y precisión en la conformación del haz y el rastreamiento de fuentes en movimiento dada una seËœnal de referencia. Por lo tanto, el GA resulta prometedor para sustituir el algoritmo LMS en sistemas de antenas inteligentes y aumentar la capacidad del canal.

Context: This works investigates the use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for beamforming on a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) environment under different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR), assuming a reference signal is known. Method: The GA is a method inspired in evolutionary principles to optimize an objective function by choosing the best candidates of a population. The population is randomly generated to ensure high diversity and get a global optimization. On the other hand, the Least Means squares (LMS) algorithm is an adaptive algorithm with guaranteed convergence as long as a reference signal is known. Results: The GA converged faster than the LMS in all tested scenarios. Besides, GA achieved best results in pointing the beam for uncorrelated static sources. Additionally, proper tuning of GA parameters allowed fast convergence and improved tracking of moving targets. Conclusions: The simulation results confirm that the GA is able to obtain a convergent and accurate tool for beamforming and tracking of moving targets, given a reference signal. Hence, GA turns to be promising in replacing LMS on Smart Antenna Systems for increasing channel capacity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar se os estilos de aprendizagem impactam o desempenho acadêmico nas atividades de avaliação online e presencial na modalidade de Educação a Distância. Método: Os estilos de aprendizagem foram mapeados com a utilização do Índice dos Estilos de Aprendizagem (ILS) de Felder e Soloman (1991). Para a análise dos dados foi adotada a metodologia de modelos lineares generalizados e para avaliar o efeito dos fatores utilizou-se o teste de Wald. Fundamentação teórica: A pesquisa fundamenta-se na teoria cognitiva. O Modelo de Felder e Silverman (1988) embasa o ILS de Felder e Soloman (1991), que classifica os estilos de aprendizagem em quatro dimensões: Ativo/Reflexivo; Sensorial/Intuitivo; Visual/Verbal; Sequencial/Global. Resultados: (i) o perfil preponderante da amostra é composto pelos estilos: ativo, sensorial, verbal e sequencial; (ii) os estilos de aprendizagem impactaram o desempenho acadêmico apenas na dimensão Ativo/Reflexivo; (iii) foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a média das atividades de avaliação online e presencial apenas na dimensão Sensorial/Intuitivo; (iv) as médias das notas das atividades de avaliação online são maiores em todas as dimensões de estilos. Contribuições: Contribuição para: (i) os professores, na escolha e modelagem das estratégias de ensino, ou seja, adotar técnicas de ensino adequadas às características dos estudantes; (ii) os estudantes conhecerem o seu estilo de aprendizagem, para entender e desenvolver novas estratégias de aprendizagem; (iii) os gestores educacionais, que poderão empregar o conhecimento sobre os estilos de aprendizagem para estruturar o AVA com melhor aproveitamento de recursos e favorecendo o aprendizado dos alunos.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study is to identify whether learning styles impact academic performance and online and face-to-face assessment activities in Distance Education. Design/methodology/approach: Learning styles were mapped using the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) of Felder and Soloman (1991). For data analysis, generalized linear models methodology was adopted; the Wald test was used to evaluate the effect of the factors. Theoretical foundation: This research is based on cognitive theory. The model of Felder and Silverman (1988) underlies the ILS of Felder and Soloman (1991), which classifies learning styles into four dimensions: Active / Reflective; Sensory / Intuitive; Visual / Verbal; Sequential / Global. Findings: (i) The predominant profile of the sample consists of the following styles: active, sensory, verbal and sequential; (ii) learning styles impacted academic performance only in the Active / Reflective dimension; (iii) significant differences were found between the mean of online and face-to-face assessment activities only in the Sensory / Intuitive dimension; (iv) the means of online assessment activities are larger in every styles dimensions. Practical implications: Contributions for: (i) professors, as to how to choose and shape teaching strategies, i.e, to adopt teaching techniques that are appropriate to students’ characteristics; (ii) for students, knowing their learning style is important to understand and develop new learning strategies; (iii) educational managers, who can use knowledge about learning styles to structure the LMS with better use of resources and promoting student learning.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perímetro da cintura e apresentar estimativas de pontos críticos para classificação de risco e alto risco de excesso de gordura abdominal segundo sexo e faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Foi estudada uma amostra probabilística de adolescentes (n=3 . 175) da rede pública de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. O perímetro da cintura foi aferido no ponto médio entre a borda inferior da costela e a crista ilíaca. Os percentis de perímetro da cintura estudados foram estimados segundo método LMS (Lambda, Mu, Sigma) proposto por Cole em 1990. Os pontos de corte adotados para definição de risco e alto risco de excesso de gordura abdominal foram os propostos por Jolliffe & Janssen em 2007. RESULTADOS: Comparando os valores estimados, meninas apresentaram valores de perímetro da cintura maiores que os de meninos para todos os percentis (exceto para o P90) em todas as idades. Os valores críticos estimados foram menores entre as meninas e aumentaram com a idade em ambos os sexos. Em geral, para ambos os sexos, os valores estimados foram menores do que os propostos pela referência adotada. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados ratificam a importância da aferição dessa medida em adolescentes, sendo apresentados pontos críticos de perímetro da cintura para classificação antropométrica desse grupo populacional segundo essa medida, o que até o momento não havia sido proposto com base em dados de adolescentes brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: To determine waist circumference and present waist circumference critical values to classify the risk and high risk posed by excessive abdominal fat according to age and gender. METHODS: A probabilistic sample of adolescent students (n=3,175) from public schools in Rio de Janeiro was analyzed. Waist circumference measurements were performed at midpoint between the last rib and the top of the iliac crest. Waist circumference percentiles were estimated using the LMS (Lambda, Mu, Sigma) method proposed by Cole (1990). The cut-points used to determine the risk and high-risk posed by excessive abdominal fat were proposed by Jolliffe & Janssen (2007). RESULTS: Comparing the values estimated, it was observed that the girls had higher waist circumference than the boys at all percentiles (except for P90) and ages. The estimated percentiles were lower in girls and increased with age in both sexes. At all ages, (except for 17 year old boys) and both genders, the estimated values were lower than the reference values used. CONCLUSION: The results obtained confirm the importance of measuring waist circumference in adolescents. This study presents waist circumference critical values for the anthropometric classification of the group studied, which has not yet been reported in the literature with data of Brazilian adolescents.

Visando o controle da podridão mole causada por Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) em pimentão, foram avaliados 10 tratamentos: Bacillus spp.: isolado C116 (B. pumilus); Leveduras: isolados Lma (Rhodotorula aurantiaca) e Lms (R. glutinis); Fosfito de potássio e cálcio; Fontes de cálcio: CaCl2, Ca(CO3)2 e Ca(SO4)2; fungicida/bactericida orgânico Antica®; antibiótico Kasumin®. Após a determinação da concentração dos antagonistas e produtos alternativos pelo teste do antibiograma, foi realizado o teste in vivo, pela inoculação do patógeno, seis horas após os tratamentos com os antagonistas e produtos alternativos. Foram determinados o Período de Incubação (PI), Severidade da doença (SEV), Redução da severidade da doença (RSD%) e Área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Todos os tratamentos testados apresentaram maiores valores de PI e RSD% e menores valores de SEV e AACPD quando comparados à testemunha. Fosfito de cálcio, C116, Lms, Lma e fosfito de potássio foram significativamente superiores quando comparados como demais tratamentos. Pcc foi resistente ao Kasumin®, possuindo SEV e AACPD que não diferiram significativamente da testemunha.

For the control of soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) in chili, 10 treatments were evaluated: Bacillus spp.: isolated C116 (B. pumilus); Yeasts: isolated Lma (Rhodotorula aurantiaca) and Lms (R. glutinis); Potassium phosphite and calcium, calcium sources: CaCl2, Ca (CO3) 2 and Ca (SO4) 2; fungicidal/bactericidal organic Antica ®; Kasumin ® antibiotic. After determining the concentration of the antagonist and alternative products by antibiogram testing, testing was performed in vivo by pathogen inoculation, six hours after treatment with antagonists and alternative products. We determined the Incubation Period (PI), severity of illness (SEV), reduction of disease severity (RSD%) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). All treatments showed higher PI and RSD% and lower values of SEV and AUDPC compared to the control. Calcium phosphite, C116, Lms, Lma and potassium phosphite were significantly higher when compared to other treatments. Pcc was resistant Kasumin ®, possessing SEV and AUDPC did not differ significantly from control.

Objectives: To compare parameters of physical activity (PA) among school age adolescents of both sexes and propose evaluation curves to estimate physical activity levels in students of an educational establishment of the Municipality of Talca, Chile. Subjects and methods: The type of study was descriptive-comparative. 1448 adolescent students (749 women and 699 men) from the municipal School of Excellence "Abate Molina" in Talca were studied. Age range was 12.0 to 18.9years. Physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire including 11 questions. The LMS method was used to estimate centiles valuation ranging from p3, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90 and p97. Results: The questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha of r = 0.82 in men and r = 0.79 in women. Males achieved a score of28.46 ± 6.88 and women 23.88 ± 5.69. The breakpoints adopted for levels of physical activity are: <p3 very low level of PA; p3-p25 low level PA; p25-p75 moderate level of PA; p75-p97 high level of PA and >97 very high level of PA. Conclusion: Female adolescents showed lower levels of PA in relation to males. The curves for assessing PA are an alternative to be applied in the School "Abate Molina" as part of routine physical education classes and its use could be extended to other schools in the Municipality of Talca.

Objetivos: Comparar los parámetros de actividad física (AF) de adolescentes escolares de ambos sexos y proponer curvas de valoración para estimar los niveles de actividad física de un establecimiento educativo de la red municipal de Talca. Sujetos y métodos: El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo-comparativo. Se estudiaron 1448 adolescentes escolares (749 mujeres y 699 hombres) del Colegio Municipalizado de Excelencia "Abate Molina" de la comuna de Talca (Chile). El rango de edad oscila entre 12,0-18,9 años. La actividad física (AF) se valoró por medio de un cuestionario que incluía 11 preguntas. Se aplicó el método LMS para estimar los centiles de valoración que van desde p3, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90 y p97. Resultados: El cuestionario mostró un alfa de Cronbach de r=0,82 en varones y de r=0,79 en mujeres. Los varones alcanzaron un puntaje de 28,46±6,88 y las mujeres de 23,88±5,69. Los puntos de corte adoptados para los niveles de actividad física fueron: <p3 muy bajo nivel de AF, p3-p25 bajo nivel de AF, p25-p75 moderado nivel de AF, p75-p97 alto nivel de AF y >p97 muy alto nivel de AF. Conclusión: Las adolescentes de sexo femenino evidenciaron menor nivel de AF que los hombres. Las curvas para valorar la AF son una alternativa para ser aplicado en el Colegio "Abate Molina" como parte de la rutina en las clases de educación física y su uso podría extenderse a otros centros escolares de la Comuna de Talca.

OBJETIVO: Descrever os valores percentílicos do índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC) e relação cintura-estatura (RCEst) em crianças de Colombo, Brasil, e compará-los com os de crianças de outros países.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 2.035 crianças de 6 a 11 anos de idade. Valores percentílicos do IMC, CC e RCEst, suavizados e específicos para sexo e idade, foram calculados utilizando o método LMS. Os percentis 10, 50 e 90 foram comparados com dados de diferentes países.RESULTADOS: Houve uma clara tendência de aumento do IMC e da CC com a idade, em ambos os sexos. Os valores da RCEst permaneceram estáveis com o avanço da idade, em meninos e meninas. A comparação do padrão de crescimento mostrou claras diferenças entre os países. Meninos e meninas deste estudo tiveram elevados valores de percentil 90 para o IMC, semelhantes aos de crianças alemãs e superiores aos de crianças americanas e do padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Contudo, as crianças deste estudo tiveram valores intermediários para a CC e RCEst, em comparação com crianças de outros países.CONCLUSÃO: Valores elevados para IMC e intermediários para CC e RCEst foram observados, em comparação às crianças de outros países. Intervenções em diferentes níveis sociais podem evitar uma provável elevação de disfunções nutricionais (principalmente obesidade geral) nos próximos anos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the percentile values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height (WHtR) of children from Colombo, Brazil, and compare them with data of children from other countries.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,035 children aged 6-11 years. Age- and sex-specific smoothed percentiles curves for BMI, WC and WHtR were created using the LMS method. Values of 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles from Brazilian children were compared with data from other countries.RESULTS: There was a trend of increasing BMI and WC with age in both sexes. WHtR remained constant with advancing age in boys and girls. Comparison of the growth pattern among countries showed clear differences. Southern Brazil boys and girls had elevated 90th percentile values for BMI, which was similar to German children and higher than the North American and World Health Organization percentile values. However, children from this study had intermediate values for WC and WHtR in comparison to children from other countries.CONCLUSIONS: Elevated BMI values were observed among southern Brazilian children, but WC and WHtR percentile values were lower in southern Brazilian children than in children from other countries. Interventions at different levels should be made to avoid a probable increase of nutritional disorders (especially general obesity) in the next years.

The influence of supplementing the diet of broiler breeder hens with arginine (Arg) on their offspring's humoral and cell-mediated immune response was evaluated in two experiments. In experiments I and II, breeder hens were fed diets containing graded levels of Arg (0.943, 1.093, 1.243, 1.393 and 1.543% digestible Arg). In experiment I, the offspring was randomly grouped according to the treatment received by the breeder hens, with five levels of Arg in the maternal diet and six replicates, giving a total 30 experimental units. In experiment II, the offspring were grouped in accordance with the treatment received by the breeder hens; however, Arg was added to the starter diet (1.300, 1.450, 1.600, 1.750 and 1.900% digestible Arg) and also the growing diet (1.150, 1.300, 1.450, 1.600 and 1.750% digestible Arg). Supplementation of the broiler breeder hen diet did not influence (p > 0.05) the development of the lymphoid organs (cloacal bursa, thymus and spleen) of the offspring, whether their diet were supplemented or not. Nevertheless, greater weight and dimensions cloacal bursa were found in the supplemented offspring in comparison with the nonsupplemented offspring. Macrophage phagocytic activity was found to be unaffected (p > 0.05), independently of the Arg supplementation. The offspring fed with supplemented diets showed a linear reduction in the antibody titer against Newcastle Disease (p < 0.05) at seven days of age, and a quadratic response (p < 0.05) at 28 days of age. The antibody titer in the non-supplemented offspring was not influenced (p > 0.05) by the breeder hen diet. This study concluded that supplementing the breeder hen diet with arginine is insufficient to improve the humoral and cellular immune response, requiring supplementation of the offspring diet.

Este estudo teve como objetivos: 1) apresentar cartas percentílicas e valores de referência para um conjunto variado de testes motores; e 2) comparar o desempenho das crianças e jovens cearenses com o de outros estudos desenvolvidos noutras regiões do país e do exterior. A amostra total é composta por 6.238 indivíduos (3.122 meninas e 3.116 meninos) com idades compreendidas entre os oito e os 17 anos. As cartas percentílicas foram construídas separadamente para cada sexo utilizando o método LMS implementado no "software" LMSchartmaker Pro versão 2.3. As cartas de referência produzidas para o Cariri apresentam um comportamento genérico semelhante ao verificado nos estudos considerados. Com exceção da prova do "trunk lift", constata-se uma nítida superioridade do desempenho dos meninos, enfatizando a presença de forte dimorfismo sexual. A comparação dos valores do P50 de crianças e jovens do Cariri relativamente às de Londrina (Brasil) e de Portugal mostraram performances consistentemente inferiores.

The aim of this study was: 1) to provide centile charts and reference values for a variety of motor tests and; 2) to compare the performance of children and adolescents from the Cariri-region with other national and international reference data. The total sample consists of 6.238 individuals (3.122 girls and 3.116 boys) between 8 and 17 years. The centile charts were constructed for each sex separately using the LMS method implemented in the LMSchartmaker Pro version 2.3. The reference charts of Cariri-region are similar to that observed in previously reported studies. Except for trunk lift boys outperform girls at most age levels, emphasizing the presence of sexual dimorphism. The P50 values of children and adolescents from Cariri were consistently lower than the P50-values of children and adolescents from Londrina (Brazil) and other samples from Portugal.