Abstract Background: malnutrition is a common problem in hospitalized patients, being associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. Multiple factors contribute to a deficient nutritional status, making malnutrition the cause or consequence of severe diseases. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimally invasive procedure indicated for long-term administration of enteral nutrition in patients with limited ability for oral intake who have an intact, functional gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of patients undergoing PEG in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: single-center retrospective study of all patients who underwent PEG from January 1st to December 31st, 2016, in a private tertiary hospital located in southern Brazil. Data were collected retrospectively from the patients' medical records, including nutritional status, indications, complications and outcomes. Results: one hundred and thirty-three patients underwent PEG at our institution and were eligible for inclusion in the study. Median patient age was 82 years, and 57.9% were females. The main indication for PEG was dementia syndrome, followed by stroke. As much as 68.4% were diagnosed as severely malnourished and 23.0% had procedure-related complications. Conclusions: PEG tubes are being increasingly used for enteral nutrition in patients with dysphagia or inability to maintain adequate nutritional intake. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of regular nutritional risk screening by a multidisciplinary team, paying special attention to the patient's nutritional status and conditions that may place the patient at risk of developing dysphagia, with the implementation of measures to minimize malnutrition in hospitalized patients.

Resumen Introducción: la desnutrición es común en pacientes hospitalizados y se está convirtiendo en causa o consecuencia de enfermedades graves, asociándose a morbilidad, mortalidad y costos aumentados. Múltiples factores contribuyen a un estado nutricional deficiente. La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea (PEG) es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo para la administración de nutrición enteral en pacientes con capacidad limitada de ingesta oral que tengan el tracto gastrointestinal intacto y funcional. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el perfil de pacientes sometidos a PEG en un hospital terciario del sur de Brasil. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico de todos los pacientes sometidos a PEG del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2016 en un hospital terciario privado del sur de Brasil. Se recolectaron los datos retrospectivamente en los registros médicos, incluyendo estado nutricional, indicaciones, complicaciones y evolución. Resultados: ciento treinta y tres pacientes se sometieron a PEG en nuestra institución y fueron elegibles para el estudio. La edad mediana fue de 82 años y el 57,9% eran mujeres. Las principales indicaciones para PEG fueron demencia y accidente cerebrovascular. El 68,4% fueron diagnosticados con desnutrición grave y el 23,0% presentaron complicaciones relacionadas al procedimiento. Conclusiones: se utilizan cada vez más tubos de PEG para nutrición enteral en pacientes disfágicos o incapaces de mantener una ingesta nutricional adecuada. Nuestros hallazgos señalan la importancia del cribado para riesgo nutricional por un equipo multidisciplinario, con atención especial al estado nutricional del paciente y a condiciones que pueden ponerlo en riesgo para disfagia y la implementación de medidas para minimizar la desnutrición.

Dermatose perfurante adquirida é uma condição rara, em geral associada a algumas doenças sistêmicas, ocorrendo especialmente em pacientes diabéticos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos a diálise. O sintoma principal é o prurido e a apresentação clínica característica é a presença de lesões papulares marrom-avermelhadas no tronco, cabeça e pescoço. Biópsia da lesão revela invaginação epidérmica com preenchimento por plug ceratótico. A etiologia é pouco compreendida e várias tentativas terapêuticas têm sido desapontadoras.

Acquired perforating dermatosis is a rare condition often associated with some systemic diseases, especially diabetic patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. The main symptom is pruritus and it is clinically characterized by the presence of redish-brown papular lesions in the trunk, head and neck. Biopsy of the lesion reveals epidermal invagination with keratotic plug. The etiology is poorly understood and several therapeutic measures have been disappointing.

Cromoblastomicose é uma infecção fúngica crônica do tecido subcutâneo causada pela inoculação traumática de um grupo específico de fungos através da pele, encontrados eventualmente em trabalhadores do campo descalços em países de clima tropical e subtropical. Relatamos aqui o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino com uma lesão dermatológica de crescimento lento e pruriginosa nos membros inferiores por 20 anos, diagnosticada e tratada com sucesso para cromoblastomicose. Apesar da prevalência desta doença em nossa região, o tratamento ainda é um desafio.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic human melanized fungi infection of the subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi through the skin, often found in barefooted agricultural workers, in tropical and subtropical climate countries. We report the case of a male patient presenting a slow-growing pruriginous lesion on the limbs for 20 years, mistreated over that time, which was diagnosed and successfully treated as chromoblastomycosis. Besides the prevalence of this disease, treatment is still a clinical challenge.