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Abstract Background Migraine affects 1 billion people worldwide and > 30 million Brazilians; besides, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder. Objective The need to disseminate knowledge about the prophylactic treatment of migraine is known, so the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe, in the Portuguese acronym) appointed a committee of authors with the objective of establishing a consensus with recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine based on articles from the world literature as well as from personal experience. Methods Meetings were held entirely online, with the participation of 12 groups that reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of drugs and, at the end, met to read and finish the document. The drug classes studied in part II of this Consensus were: antihypertensives, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, other drugs, and rational polytherapy. Results From this list of drugs, only candesartan has been established as effective in controlling episodic migraine. Flunarizine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and pizotifen were defined as likely to be effective, while lisinopril, enalapril, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, quetiapine, atorvastatin, simvastatin, cyproheptadine, and melatonin were possibly effective in prophylaxis of the disease. Conclusions Despite an effort by the scientific community to find really effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, given the large number of drugs tested for this purpose, we still have few therapeutic options.

Resumo Antecedentes Migrânea afeta um bilhão de pessoas em todo o mundo e mais de 30 milhões de brasileiros; além disso, é um distúrbio subdiagnosticado e subtratado. Objetivo Sabe-se sobre a necessidade de difundir o conhecimento sobre o tratamento profilático da migrânea; por isso, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleias (SBCe) nomeou um comitê de autores com o objetivo de estabelecer um consenso com recomendações sobre o tratamento profilático da migrânea episódica com base em artigos da literatura mundial, assim como da experiência pessoal. Métodos As reuniões foram realizadas inteiramente online, com a participação de 12 grupos que revisaram e escreveram sobre as categorias farmacológicas dos medicamentos e, ao final, reuniram-se para a leitura e conclusão do documento. As classes de medicamentos estudadas na parte II deste Consenso foram: anti-hipertensivos, inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina, inibidores de recaptação de serotonina e noradrenalina, bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio, outros medicamentos e politerapia racional. Resultados Desta lista de medicamentos, apenas o candesartan foi estabelecido como eficaz no controle da migrânea episódica. Flunarizina, venlafaxina, duloxetina e pizotifeno foram definidos como provavelmente eficazes, enquanto lisinopril, enalapril, escitalopram, fluvoxamina, quetiapina, atorvastatina, sinvastatina, ciproheptadina e melatonina foram possivelmente eficazes na profilaxia da doença. Conclusões Apesar do esforço da comunidade científica em encontrarmedicamentos realmente eficazes no tratamento da migrânea, dado o grande número de medicamentos testados para este fim, ainda dispomos de poucas opções terapêuticas.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755320

Augmented reality in interventional radiology education: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
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Gelmini, And Yara Particelli

; Duarte, Márcio Luís

; Silva, Mayara Oliveira da

; Guimarães Junior, Josias Bueno

; Santos, Lucas Ribeiro dos

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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aug 2022, Volume 140 N. 4 Pages 604 - 614

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Augmented reality (AR) involves digitally overlapping virtual objects onto physical objects in real space so that individuals can interact with both at the same time. AR in medical education seeks to reduce surgical complications through high-quality education. There is uncertainty in the use of AR as a learning tool for interventional radiology procedures. OBJECTIVE: To compare AR with other learning methods in interventional radiology. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of comparative studies on teaching techniques. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Tripdatabase, ERIC, CINAHL, SciELO and LILACS electronic databases for studies comparing AR simulation with other teaching methods in interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA and the BEME Collaboration. Eligible studies were evaluated using the quality indicators provided in the BEME Collaboration Guide no. 11, and the Kirkpatrick model. RESULTS: Four randomized clinical trials were included in this review. The level of educational evidence found among all the papers was 2B, according to the Kirkpatrick model. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was applied to assess the risk of bias for individual studies and across studies. Three studies showed an improvement in teaching of the proposed procedure through AR; one study showed that the participants took longer to perform the procedure through AR. CONCLUSION: AR, as a complementary teaching tool, can provide learners with additional skills, but there is still a lack of studies with a higher evidence level according to the Kirkpatrick model. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ACZBM in the Open Science Framework database.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0606.r2.27122021

Formation of mathematical concepts by the intellectually disabled by means of soroban
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Mamcasz-Viginheski, Lucia Virginia

; Silva, Sani de Carvalho Rutz da

; Shimazaki, Elsa Midori

; Cassandre, Marcio Pascoal

Bolema: Boletim de Educação Matemática

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dec 2020, Volume 34 N. 68 Pages 970 - 994

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The aim is to assess contribution provided by soroban – or Japanese abacus – not only for the students’ learning of number and operations content, but also in the development of their higher psychological functions. As an applied nature, it was developed under a pedagogical intervention for data collection and analysis. The eight participants were adult students, aged 19 to 47 years old, who attended a special education school in a city in the countryside of the state of Paraná - Brazil. The data was analyzed through assessment of the conversation. The students with intellectual disabilities participating in the study had limited knowledge regarding the use of numbers and operations in school situations and in different contexts of everyday life, so these concepts were taught to them. After the pedagogical intervention, they showed advances in this knowledge, appropriating both the concept of numbers and the use of soroban as a tool for performing mathematical calculations. As it is a human right to appropriate the knowledge produced historically and culturally by mankind, which in turn leads to development, teaching the use of soroban to students with intellectual disabilities promoted the learning of mathematical concepts, developing superior skills such as thought, defending the thesis proposed by this study that cognitive limitations of the intellectually disabled are not barriers to learning of an array of educational concepts.

Resumen El presente artículo es producto de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo comprobar las contribuciones del soroban, también llamado de ábaco japonés, para el aprendizaje del contenido de Educación Matemática “números y operaciones”, bien como para el desarrollo de las funciones psicológicas superiores en estudiantes con deficiencia intelectual. Los sujetos de estudio fueron ocho estudiantes adultos, de entre 19 y 47 años, que frecuentan una escuela de educación especial en un municipio del Estado del Paraná, Brasil. Se utilizó la observación participante e intervención pedagógica como herramientas para la colecta de datos, los que fueron registrados a partir de medios audio-visuales y diarios de campo. El análisis de datos reveló que los estudiantes con deficiencia intelectual presentaban conocimientos limitados en lo que se refiere al uso de números y operaciones, y no solo en situaciones escolares, sino también en distintos contextos cotidianos. Debido a ello, estos conceptos fueron enseñados teniendo como herramienta pedagógica el soroban. Después de esta intervención, los y las estudiantes presentaron avances, puesto que se apropiaron del concepto “número” y aprendieron a utilizar el soroban para la realización de operaciones matemáticas. Se considera como un derecho de todas las personas el apropiarse del conocimiento histórico-cultural producido por la humanidad; uno de estos es la utilización de números para realizar cálculos matemáticos. Nuestra investigación demuestra que la enseñanza del uso de soroban en estudiantes con deficiencia intelectual favorece el aprendizaje de los conceptos trabajados, desarrollando capacidades superiores como el pensamiento. Esto permite defender la tesis propuesta en el estudio: que las limitaciones cognitivas de personas con deficiencia intelectual no deben entenderse como barreras para el aprendizaje de “números y operaciones”.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v34n68a07 920 downloads

Um novo ecossistema: florestas urbanas construídas pelo Estado e pelos ativistas
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Silva, Erica Moniz Ferreira da

; Bender, Fabiano

; Monaco, Márcio Luiz da Silva de

; Smith, Ana Katherine

; Silva, Paola

; Buckeridge, Marcos Silveira

; Elbl, Paula Maria

; Locosselli, Giuliano Maselli

Estudos Avançados

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dec 2019, Volume 33 N. 97 Pages 81 - 102

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

resumo Historicamente, a expansão das cidades resultou na substituição da paisagem natural pela urbana, tendo como consequência a degradação ambiental por meio das mudanças na cobertura do solo, nos sistemas hidrológicos, nos ciclos biogeoquímicos, no clima e na biodiversidade, tornando as cidades especialmente vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas. A reversão desses processos é uma medida que visa a promoção da qualidade de vida nas cidades, na qual a arborização possui um papel fundamental por fornecer uma série de serviços ecossistêmicos valiosos para a promoção da biodiversidade, saúde e bem-estar social. Sendo direito de todos um meio ambiente equilibrado, saudável, de uso comum e essencial à qualidade de vida, o verde urbano é assunto interdisciplinar e de responsabilidade comum e generalizada. Cabe ao poder público a regularização, criação e manutenção dos plantios, promovendo o plantio de árvores a distâncias predeterminadas de acordo com o porte de cada espécie. Porém, os movimentos ativistas se desenvolveram no vácuo da morosidade do poder público seguindo, em geral, o método de adensamento de árvores pautado pelo conceito de sucessão ecológica. Ao promover a restauração dos serviços ecossistêmicos, as duas iniciativas de plantio arbóreo tendem a trazer grandes benefícios às grandes cidades, como São Paulo. Porém, a complexidade da paisagem urbana exige uma avaliação sistêmica dos plantios para definir a sua adequação espacial e otimizar os seus benefícios. O plantio das florestas urbanas não deve ter como objetivo recriar as condições naturais pré-urbanização, mas sim, desenvolver áreas verdes integradas à malha urbana que garantam um ambiente saudável e equilibrado, preservando as interações sociais. Ao visualizar o meio urbano como um ecossistema completo, é possível estabelecer critérios que otimizem os benefícios da arborização urbana. Estes critérios devem ser baseados em conhecimento técnico e científico, levando em conta necessidades sociais, para que o melhor método seja escolhido, caso a caso.

abstract Historically, the expansion of cities resulted in the replacement of natural landscape by urban environments, resulting in environmental degradation through changes in soil cover, hydrological systems, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, making cities particularly vulnerable to climate changes. Environmental restoration in cities is a measure to promote life quality, and urban forests play a key role in restoring the quality of the urban environment. They provide valuable ecosystem services for maintaining biodiversity, ensuring human health, and social well-being. As everyone has the right to live in a balanced, healthy and common use environment essential to suppor quality of life, urban green areas are an interdisciplinary issue of collective concern. It is the responsibility of the government to regulate, plant and manage urban trees in order to standardize urban afforestation by planting trees at predetermined distances according to the size of each species. However, the vacuum in the greening process left by the State is being filled by activists who, in general, use a different protocol that aims at higher tree density based on the notion of ecological succession. By promoting the restoration of ecosystem services, both initiatives tend to bring significant benefits to large cities such as São Paulo. However, the complexity of the urban landscape requires a systemic evaluation of tree planting to define spatial adequacy and optimize benefits. The planting of urban forests should not aim to recreate pre-urban natural conditions, but rather to develop green areas integrated to the urban network that guarantee a healthy and balanced environment while preserving social interactions. By perceiving the urban environment as a complete ecosystem, it is possible to establish criteria that optimize the benefits of urban afforestation. These criteria should be based on technical and scientific knowledge, and take into account social needs, so that the best method is chosen on a case-by-case basis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2019.3397.005 4331 downloads

NIÓBIO: UM ELEMENTO QUÍMICO ESTRATÉGICO PARA O BRASIL
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Bruziquesi, Carlos G. O.

; Balena, Jose Gabriel

; Pereira, Márcio César

; Silva, Adilson C.

; Oliveira, Luiz C. A.

Química Nova

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oct 2019, Volume 42 N. 10 Pages 1184 - 1188

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Niobium, in fact, is an essential element for Brazil. Their applications are so many and so special that they put it as one of the subjects treated by the wikiLeaks site as strategic and that it should be treated in the USA. It is one of the elements most exported by Brazil and is mainly used in the production of special alloys for use in gas pipelines, air turbines, among other applications. It is believed that niobium-based materials can be obtained for applications with higher added value and in equally strategic areas. Research to obtain active and selective drugs, materials to maximize the use of renewable energy, and new nanostructured materials to improve the performance of different components are ongoing and promise a revolution for the next few years.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170442 3989 downloads

Obtaining of Fe3O4@C Core-Shell Nanoparticles as an Adsorbent of Tetracycline in Aqueous Solutions
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Soares, Vivian

; Moraes, Ana Flávia dos Santos de

; Santos, Janaína dos

; Grando, Marina Carla

; Luz, Cleuzir da

; Colpani, Gustavo Lopes

; Silva, Luciano Luiz

; Fiori, Márcio Antônio

; Mello, Josiane Maria Muneron de

Materials Research

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2019, Volume 22 elocation e20180857

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Tetracycline is used to treat various diseases in animals and humans, so its high use causes this substance to be frequently found in effluents and in potable water reservoirs, causing serious problems for human health and the environment. Many processes are applied and evaluated in an attempt to removal tetracycline found in environment, such as adsorption. The application of iron-carbon nanoparticles with core-shell structure (Fe3O4@C) as adsorbent, can be an alternative to removal of these contaminants. In the present study Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were synthesized and used to adsorb tetracycline in aqueous solutions. The core-shell characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction techniques, infrared spectroscopy, surface area, chemical analysis and morphology, and adsorption capacity through isotherms. The results indicated that Fe3O4@C nanoparticles presented good tetracycline removal capability, 73.3%, when applied an initial concentration of antibiotic of the 30 mg L-1 and 0.5 g of adsorbent.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2018-0857 979 downloads

Structural reliability analysis of steel plane frames with semi-rigid connections
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Agostini, Bruno Márcio

; Freitas, Marcílio Sousa da Rocha

; Silveira, Ricardo Azoubel da Mota

; Silva, Andréa Regina Dias da

REM - International Engineering Journal

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jul 2018, Volume 71 N. 3 Pages 333 - 339

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The design codes for structural design traditionally establish the adoption of partial safety factors to deal with uncertainties. These standards do not allow one to know the real probabilities of failure of a structure. What is needed, from a practical and scientific point of view, is a more consistent approach, based on reliability theory. This article addresses an initial attempt at determining the safety levels of structures based on advanced analysis and design with structural reliability theory. In this context, the authors consider the effects of the geometric nonlinearity and flexibility of connections in the reliability analysis, which aims at setting a certain displacement as the service limit state. For this purpose, a computer program was written called Structural Reliability Module. This program uses a First Order Reliability Method to analyse reliability. To carry out the structural analysis of steel structures, this study uses the program Computational System for Advanced Structural Analysis. Validating the Structural Reliability Module involved comparing the results from other authors with those generated by the program. Results for the structures under study indicate the efficiency of the implemented measures. Results suggest that, when a certain displacement is set as a service limit state, the reliability of the structures under analysis are only slightly influenced by geometric nonlinearity but considerably so by semi-rigid connections.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672017710044 1235 downloads

Spatial distribution of the litter carbon stock in the Cerrado biome in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
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Morais, Vinícus Augusto

; Mello, José Marcio de

; Mello, Carlos Rogério de

; Silva, Carlos Alberto

; Scolforo, José Roberto Soares

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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sep 2017, Volume 41 N. 5 Pages 580 - 589

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A serrapilheira corresponde à camada de matéria morta em decomposição presente sobre o solo. Esta camada é de grande importância na ciclagem de nutrientes e aporte de matéria orgânica sobre o solo, além de estocar carbono. Objetivou-se quantificar a biomassa, teor e estoque de carbono e espacializar o estoque de C da serrapilheira do Cerrado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados em 26 fragmentos de Cerrado no Estado de MG, totalizando 335 pontos amostrados em todo estado. Foi realizado o estudo variográfico e, para o mapeamento, utilizou-se a Krigagem, para delimitação de zonas homogêneas. Foi possível detectar alta variabilidade nas características avaliadas, biomassa, teor e estoque de carbono na serrapilheira do Cerrado em Minas Gerais, Brasil. O teor de C foi a característica que apresentou menor variabilidade, com intervalo de 40-44%, de modo que não é um atributo crítico para explicar o estoque de C na serrapilheira. O Campo Cerrado tem o mais baixo estoque de C, e o Cerradão o mais alto. O estoque de C apresenta considerável dependência da estrutura espacial, permitindo o uso de procedimentos geoestatísticos para mapeá-lo no bioma Cerrado do estado de Minas Gerais. O mapa de krigagem de estoque de C mostrou boa precisão e com base nele, foi possível verificar que os estoques de menor teor de carbono na serrapulheira são encontrados do centro para o norte do estado de Minas Gerais, onde tem-se as maiores temperaturas médias anuais.

ABSTRACT Litter corresponds to the layer of decomposing dead organic matter present on the soil surface. This layer is very important for nutrient cycling and contributes with organic matter accumulation in the soil, besides the carbon stock. The objective herein was to quantify the carbon biomass, both content and stock, and map the litter C-stock in the Cerrado biome, which is formed by Savanna Grassland (SG), Cerrado Stricto Sensu (CE) and Forest Savanna (FS), in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. The data were collected in 26 fragments in Minas Gerais state, totaling 210 sampling locations. A variographic study was conducted and, for mapping, the ordinary kriging method was used for delimitation of homogeneous zones. It was possible to detect high variability in the carbon biomass, carbon content and C-stock in the Cerrado biome litter in Minas Gerais state. The carbon content presented lower variability, ranging from 40 to 44%, so that it is not responsible for explaining the variability of the litter C-stock. Savanna Grassland and Savanna Forest present, respectively, the lowest and highest C-stocks. C-stock presented a considerable spatial structure dependence, allowing to use the geostatistical procedures for mapping it in the Cerrado biome of the Minas Gerais state. The C-stock kriging map showed good accuracy, allowing to verify that the lowest C-stocks in the litter are found from the center to the northern of the Minas Gerais since the highest air temperatures are also verified in this direction.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017415006917 1381 downloads

Comparação do controle postural em cinco tarefas de equílibrio e a relação dos riscos de quedas entre idosas e adultas jovens
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Gil, André Wilson de Oliveira

; Silva, Rubens Alexandre da

; Oliveira, Marcio Rogério de

; Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo

; Oliveira, Deise Aparecida de Almeida Pires

Fisioterapia e Pesquisa

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jun 2017, Volume 24 N. 2 Pages 120 - 126

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO O envelhecimento é um processo natural que acarreta mudanças intrínsecas e extrínsecas ao organismo. O objetivo é analisar cinco tarefas de equilíbrio postural em idosas através da Plataforma de força, correlacionando com o risco de quedas avaliado pelo teste Timed Up and Go (TUG). Participaram do estudo 43 idosos e 40 adultos jovens, todos do sexo feminino, que foram avaliadas em uma plataforma de força com um protocolo padrão: descalças, com os braços ao longo do corpo nas tarefas bipodal e semitandem, ambos olhos abertos e fechados, apoio unipodal utilizando o centro de oscilação postural (COP) e as velocidades nos eixos anteroposterior (Vel AP) e médio-lateral (Vel ML). Após 5 minutos de descanso, realizou-se o TUG. Os resultados mostraram que as idosas tiveram maior instabilidade postural (p<0.05) em relação às adultas jovens, e a tarefa que mais desafiou o equilíbrio foi o apoio unipodal COP 10,02 (cm2) Vel AP 3,00 (cm/s) e Vel ML 3,32 (cm/s), e as idosas tiveram um tempo médio no TUG de 9,01 segundos considerando um baixo risco de quedas. Conclusão: Idosas apresentam um maior déficit no equilíbrio em relação às jovens, sendo a tarefa de apoio UNP a que mais apresentou desafios no controle postural das duas populações. Idosas saudáveis apresentaram um baixo risco para as quedas, nenhuma correlação foi encontrada entre o equilíbrio postural através da plataforma de força e risco de quedas do TUG.

ABSTRACT Aging is a natural process, which involves intrinsic and extrinsic changes in the organism. The objective is to analyze five tasks of postural balance in older women through the strength platform, correlating them with risk of falls evaluated by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Participants of this study were 43 older women and 40 young adult women. They were evaluated on a force platform with a standard protocol: barefoot with arms along the body in Semi-Tandem and bipedal stances, with both eyes open and then closed, unipedal support using the postural sway of the center of pressure (COP) and the velocities in the anteroposterior axis (AP) and medial-lateral (ML). After 5 minutes of rest, TUGT was applied. The results showed that older women had greater postural instability (p<0.05) than younger women. The most challenging task for balance was unipedal support COP: 10.02(cm2); AP velocity: 3.00 (cm/s); ML velocity: 3.32 (cm/s). Older women needed a mean time of 9.01 seconds in the TUGT, considering a low risk of falls. Conclusion: Older women present a higher deficit in their balance compared with young women, so as Unipedal Stance Test (UPST) task was the most challenging for postural control of the two populations. Healthy older women presented a low risk for falls. No correlation was found between postural balance through the force platform and risk of falls during the TUGT.

RESUMEN El envejecimiento es un proceso natural, lo cual conlleva cambios intrínsecos e extrínsecos en el organismo. El objectivo es analizar cinco tareas de equilibrio postural en ancianas por medio de la plataforma de fuerza, presentándose correlación con el riesgo de caídas evaluado por el Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Participaron del estudio 43 ancianas y 40 adultas jovenes, las cuales fueron evaluadas en una plataforma de fuerza con un protocolo patrón: descalzas, con los brazos al longo del cuerpo en las tareas bipodal y semi-tandem, ambos ojos abiertos y cerrados, apoyo unipodal utilizando el centro de oscilación postural (COP) y las velocidades en los ejes anteroposterior (Vel AP) y mediolateral (Vel ML). Después de 5 minutos de descanso, se realizó el TUGT. Los resultados presentaron que las ancianas tuvieron mayor inestabilidad postural (p<0.05) en relación a las adultas jovenes, y la tarea que más desafió el equilibrio fue el apoyo unipodal COP 10,02 (cm2) Vel AP 3,00 (cm/s) y Vel ML 3,32 (cm/s), y las ancianas tuvieron un tiempo medio en el TUGT de 9,01 segundos considerando bajo riesgo de caídas. La conclusión es que ancianas presentan mayor déficit en el equilibrio en relación a las jovenes, siendo la tarea de apoyo UNP la que más presentó desafíos en el control postural de las dos poblaciones. Ancianas saludables presentaron bajo riesgo para las caídas, ninguna correlación fue encontrada entre el equilibrio postural por medio de la plataforma de fuerza y riesgo de caídas del TUGT.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/15804424022017 4132 downloads

10.

Fatores Impactantes no Valor Bruto da Produção de Pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) no Pará
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Andrade, Cinthia Grazielle Carvalho

; Silva, Marcio Lopes da

; Salles, Thiago Taglialegna

Floresta e Ambiente

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2017, Volume 24 elocation e00145615

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi quantificar e analisar as alterações ocorridas, entre os anos 1998 e 2012, no valor bruto da produção da pimenta-do-reino no Estado do Pará, bem como as mudanças nos fatores de sua variação: área colhida, produtividade e preço. Para tal, foram utilizadas a taxa geométrica de crescimento, o coeficiente de variação e o modelo “shift-share”. De maneira geral, o valor bruto da produção foi crescente no período estudado, passando por um período inicial de retração, com recuperação do crescimento a partir de 2006. A área colhida e o preço aumentaram no período de 1998 a 2012, enquanto a produtividade da cultura diminuiu. O preço apresentou maior oscilação dentre os fatores estudados e teve o maior impacto no valor bruto de produção. A produtividade se mostrou a mais estável. Aumentos na área colhida e principalmente na produtividade foram considerados de interesse para que a cultura da pimenta-do-reino cresça em valor no mercado.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to quantify and analyze the changes occurred, between the years 1998 to 2012, in the gross value of production of the black pepper in the State of Pará, as well as the changes in the factors of its variation: harvested area, crop yield and price. For the analysis, it was used the geometric rate of growth, the coefficient of variation and the “shift-share” model applied to the culture's data. Overall, the gross value of production increased in the studied period, passing through an initial period of decline, with recovery of growth in 2006. The harvested area and the selling price increased between the period of 1998 to 2012, while the crop yield decreased. The price showed greater oscillation among the studied factors and had the highest impact in the gross value of production. The productivity proved to be more stable. Increases in harvested area and especially in productivity were considered of interest so the culture of black pepper can grow in market value.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.145615 3850 downloads

11.

USE OF TRANEXAMIC ACID IN TRAUMA PATIENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS FOR USE IN BRAZIL
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PINTO, Marcelo A.

; SILVA, Jair G. da

; CHEDID, Aljamir D.

; CHEDID, Marcio F.

ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)

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dec 2016, Volume 29 N. 4 Pages 282 - 286

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução: O uso do ácido tranexâmico (TXA) no trauma tem sido alvo de interesse crescente por parte de pesquisadores e profissionais de saúde. No entanto, seus benefícios ainda não foram completamente definidos. Os pontos de divergência entre especialistas incluem questões como: quais pacientes devem receber TXA no trauma? O tratamento deve ser realizado em ambiente pré-hospitalar? Há necessidade de exames laboratoriais para indicar o tratamento? Qual o perfil de segurança da droga? A principal questão para a qual ainda não existe qualquer embasamento na literatura é: qual a indicação do tratamento dentro de protocolos de transfusão maciça? Objetivo: Responder às questões propostas, com base em avaliação crítica da evidência reunida até o momento e realizar estudo de custo-efetividade do uso do TXA no trauma adaptado à realidade brasileira. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão da literatura através de estratégia de busca: PubMed.com, Embase e no Cab Abstract pelos descritores "tranexamic AND trauma", em todos idiomas, resultando em 426 artigos. Foram excluídos aqueles relativos às operações eletivas, restando 79 artigos. Cinquenta e cinco foram selecionados e avaliados criticamente com vistas a responder às questões em estudo. A avaliação de custo-efetividade foi realizada utilizando dados do estudo CRASH-2 e populacionais oficiais brasileiros. Resultados: Através da análise da evidência disponível chegou-se à conclusão de que o ácido tranexâmico é tratamento eficaz e efetivo, devendo ser administrado à ampla gama de pacientes, incluindo todos aqueles com indicação já avaliada nos protocolos de pesquisa publicados e provavelmente devam-se expandir os critérios de indicação. Quanto à avaliação de custo-efetividade, o TXA mostrou-se bastante custo-eficaz com gasto médio de R$ 61,35 por ano de vida salvo. Conclusão: O uso do ácido tranexâmico no trauma parece ser eficaz, efetivo e custo-eficaz nos diversos grupos de pacientes politraumatizados. Seu uso em protocolos de transfusão maciça ainda deve ser objeto de futuras investigações.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in trauma has been the subject of growing interest by researchers and health professionals. However, there are still several open questions regarding its use. In some aspects medical literature is controversial. The points of disagreement among experts include questions such as: Which patients should receive TXA in trauma? Should treatment be performed in the pre-hospital environment? Is there any need for laboratory parameters before starting TXA treatment? What is the drug safety profile? The main issue on which there is still no basis in literature is: What is the indication for treatment within massive transfusion protocols? Objective: Answer the questions proposed based on critical evaluation of the evidence gathered so far and carry out a study of cost-effectiveness of TXA use in trauma adapted to the Brazilian reality. Methods: A literature review was performed through searching Pubmed.com, Embase and Cab Abstract by headings "tranexamic AND trauma", in all languages, yielding 426 articles. Manuscripts reporting on TXA utilization for elective procedures were excluded, remaining 79 articles. Fifty-five articles were selected, and critically evaluated in order to answer study questions. The evaluation of cost effectiveness was performed using CRASH-2 trial data and Brazilian official population data. Results: TXA is effective and efficient, and should be administered to a wide range of patients, including those with indication evaluated in research protocols and current indication criteria for TXA should be expanded. As for the cost-effectiveness, the TXA proved to be cost-effective with an average cost of R$ 61.35 (currently US$16) per year of life saved. Conclusion: The use of TXA in trauma setting seems to be effective, efficient and cost-effective in the various groups of polytrauma patients. Its use in massive transfusion protocols should be the subject of further investigations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600040017 16101 downloads

12.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and cardiometabolic alterations in Brazilian adults
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Rocha, Anna Ligia Cabral da

; Pereira, Patricia Feliciano

; Pessoa, Milene Cristine

; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves

; Segheto, Wellington

; Silva, Danielle Cristina Guimarães da

; Andrade, Márcio Pacheco de

; Longo, Giana Zarbato

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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sep 2015, Volume 32 N. 3 Pages 1099 - 1106

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Aims: the present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cardiometabolic changes according to the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype in Brazilian adults. Methods: it is a population based transversal study with 976 adults (n = 533 women) 20-59 years old. Phenotype was defined by triglycerides concentration (TGL) ≥150 mg/dl and waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm in females and ≥90 cm in males. All the analyses were adjusted according to the study design and pondered by gender, age and schooling. A descriptive analysis was performed through averages and ratios; their respective confidence intervals were herein presented (CI 95%). The prevalence of cardiometabolic changes due to the presence of HW and to gender was calculated and compared by means of Pearson�fs chi-square test. Statistic significance level was 0.05. The probability of coronary event risk was estimated in 10 years and calculated from Framinghan score, using Kernel density graph. Results: no difference in phenotype prevalence between genders was observed. Higher averages in all the cardiometabolic risk factors analyzed and higher probability of evolving to a cardiovascular event in 10 years were observed in individuals with the HW phenotype. Lower HDL values were only verified in this group. Conclusion: the HW phenotype is an important cardiovascular risk sign and allows the premature identification of individuals with higher risk, so that its use in clinical practice must be encouraged, mainly because it is a simple low cost asset.

Objetivos: evaluar la prevalencia de alteraciones cardiometabólicas según el fenotipo cintura hipertrigliceridémica (CH) en adultos brasileños. Métodos: estudio transversal, de base poblacional, con 976 (n = 533 mujeres) individuos de 20 a 59 años. El CH fue definido por un aumento en las concentraciones de triglicéridos y en la circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Todos los análisis fueron ajustados por el efecto del diseño del estudio y ponderados por género, edad y escolaridad. Fue realizado un anaìlisis descriptivo de promedio y presentados sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC 95%). La prevalencia de las alteraciones cardiometabólicas según la presencia o no del fenotipo CH y según el sexo fue calculada y comparada a través del test chi-cuadrado de Pearson. El nivel de significancia estadística adoptado fue de 0,05. Se estimó la probabilidad de riesgo de evento coronario en 10 años, a partir del score de Framinghan a través del gráfico de densidad de Kernel. Resultados: la prevalencia del fenotipo CH en la muestra fue de 17,32% (IC 95% 13,54-21,89), no se observó diferencia entre sexos. Se observaron mayores promedios para todos los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico analizados en aquellos con CH. Sólo Se verificaron menores valores medianos para el HDL en este grupo. Los individuos con CH presentaban mayor probabilidad de evolucionar hacia un evento cardiovascular en 10 años que aquellos sin el fenotipo. Conclusión: el fenotipo CH constituye un importante marcador precoz del riesgo cardiovascular. Su utilización en la práctica clínica debe ser incentivada, ya que se trata de una herramienta sencilla y de bajo coste.

https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9305 161 downloads

13.

Liver transplantation: history, outcomes and perspectives
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Meirelles Júnior, Roberto Ferreira

; Salvalaggio, Paolo

; Rezende, Marcelo Bruno de

; Evangelista, Andréia Silva

; Guardia, Bianca Della

; Matielo, Celso Eduardo Lourenço

; Neves, Douglas Bastos

; Pandullo, Fernando Luis

; Felga, Guilherme Eduardo Gonçalves

; Alves, Jefferson André da Silva

; Curvelo, Lilian Amorim

; Diaz, Luiz Gustavo Guedes

; Rusi, Marcela Balbo

; Viveiros, Marcelo de Melo

; Almeida, Marcio Dias de

; Pedroso, Pamella Tung

; Rocco, Rodrigo Andrey

; Meira Filho, Sérgio Paiva

einstein (São Paulo)

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mar 2015, Volume 13 N. 1 Pages 149 - 152

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Em 1958, Francis Moore descreveu a técnica do transplante de fígado em cães. Em 1963, Starzl e sua equipe realizaram o primeiro transplante de fígado. Nos primeiros cinco transplante de fígado, nenhum paciente sobreviveu mais que 23 dias. Até 1977, aproximadamente 200 transplante de fígado tinham sido realizados no mundo. Neste período, foi estabelecida a solução de problemas técnicos do transplante de fígado. Calne, em 1979, utilizou, pela primeira vez, a ciclosporina em dois pacientes submetidos ao transplante de fígado. Starzl e seus colaboradores relataram, já em 1989, que a sobrevida de 1.179 pacientes submetidos ao transplante de fígado em 1 e 5 anos foi, respectivamente, de 73 e 64%. Finalmente, em 1990, Starzl relatou o primeiro uso do novo imunossupressor tacrolimo em pacientes de transplante de fígado que apresentavam rejeição mesmo com o tratamento imunossupressor convencional. O transplante de fígado iniciou-se no Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein em 1990 e já foram realizados mais de 1.400 transplantes. Em 2013, foram realizados 102 transplantes de fígado de doadores falecidos. As principais indicações para o transplante foram carcinoma hepatocelular (38%), cirrose hepática secundária ao vírus C (33,3%) e cirrose alcoólica (19,6%). Destes, 36% dos transplantes apresentavam MELD biológico superior a 30. As sobrevidas do paciente e do enxerto no primeiro ano foram, respectivamente, 82,4 e 74,8%. Um dos maiores desafios da área do transplante de fígado é o número insuficiente de doadores para uma demanda crescente de candidatos ao procedimento. Dessa forma, destacamos que tópicos relacionados à seleção de doadores/receptores, alocação e preservação de órgãos devem contribuir para o aumento e a melhora dos resultados do transplante de fígado.

In 1958 Francis Moore described the orthotopic liver transplantation technique in dogs. In 1963, Starzl et al. performed the first liver transplantation. In the first five liver transplantations no patient survived more than 23 days. In 1967, stimulated by Calne who used antilymphocytic serum, Starzl began a successful series of liver transplantation. Until 1977, 200 liver transplantations were performed in the world. In that period, technical problems were overcome. Roy Calne, in 1979, used the first time cyclosporine in two patients who had undergone liver transplantation. In 1989, Starzl et al. reported a series of 1,179 consecutives patients who underwent liver transplantation and reported a survival rate between one and five years of 73% and 64%, respectively. Finally, in 1990, Starzl et al. reported successful use of tacrolimus in patents undergoing liver transplantation and who had rejection despite receiving conventional immunosuppressive treatment. Liver Transplantation Program was initiated at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein in 1990 and so far over 1,400 transplants have been done. In 2013, 102 deceased donors liver transplantations were performed. The main indications for transplantation were hepatocellular carcinoma (38%), hepatitis C virus (33.3%) and alcohol liver cirrhosis (19.6%). Of these, 36% of patients who underwent transplantation showed biological MELD score > 30. Patient and graft survival in the first year was, 82.4% and 74.8%, respectively. A major challenge in liver transplantation field is the insufficient number of donors compared with the growing demand of transplant candidates. Thus, we emphasize that appropriated donor/receptor selection, allocation and organ preservation topics should contribute to improve the number and outcomes in liver transplantation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3164 43632 downloads

14.

Potential for using crude extract of Sarocladium oryzae for suppression of rice blast
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Côrtes, Marcio V. C. B.

; Silva-Lobo, Valacia L.

; Filippi, Marta C. C.

; Lima, Débora C. S.

; Prabhu, Anne S.

Tropical Plant Pathology

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feb 2014, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 28 - 34

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Crude extract of an isolate of the fungus Sarocladium oryzae (CNPAF So 20G), containing the antimicrobial cerulenin, was produced and its antagonistic potential on the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae was asessed. Cerulenin was detected in crude extract of S. oryzae through thin layer chromatography showing a Rf value of 0.63. The quantity of cerulenin in the crude extract was 237 µg.mL-1. The in vitro inhibition of germination and appressorial formation of M. oryzae was assessed on an artificial hydrophobic surface, using eight different doses of cerulenin ranging from 0.05 to 30.0 µg.mL-1. The LD50 values calculated based on the Probit-log analysis for germination and appressorial formation were 1.298 ± 0.123 µg.mL-1 and 0.0705 ± 0.0062 µg.mL-1 of cerulenin, respectively. The 30.0 µg.mL-1 of cerulenin dose inhibited 98% and 99%, germination and appressorial formation, respectively. The mode of action of cerulenin was studied by staining conidia with Calcofluor White and fluorescent microscopy showing its effect on plasma membrane. Crude extract of S. oryzae suppressed 63% of rice blast disease in greenhouse conditions. The results indicate that a product based on cerulenin and/or S. oryzae has a great potential to be used in biological control of rice blast.

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15.

Perfil epidemiológico e ocupacional dos anestesiologistas inseridos no mercado de trabalho de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, em 2010
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Neves, Bárbara Silva

; Pinheiro, Tarcísio Márcio Magalhães

Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia

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oct 2012, Volume 62 N. 5 Pages 618 - 624

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Exposto aos diversos fatores de riscos ocupacionais, o anestesiologista deve saber como vivenciar as situações relacionadas ao trabalho e à vida cotidiana para que o adoecimento não faça parte da sua realidade. O conhecimento do trabalho através do trabalhador é uma forma de buscar a fundo o universo que cerca o profissional para que soluções eficientes aumentem a satisfação e minimizem os danos. O objetivo desta investigação é traçar um perfil epidemiológico e ocupacional do anestesiologista de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, aleatório entre os membros da Sociedade de Anestesiologia de Minas Gerais. Dados coletados através de questionário específico, incluindo o CAGE, para avaliação do alcoolismo, e o Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), para avaliação da prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). RESULTADOS: Houve um predomínio de homens (62,4%) trabalhando em esquema de plantão (91,1%), tanto diurno quanto noturno. A média de plantões noturnos foi de 5,4% nos últimos 30 dias. A maior parte deles (88,3%) em serviços de urgência. A maioria dos profissionais considerase muito cansada e sobrecarregada ou muito sobrecarregada, porém se diz realizada com o trabalho. Houve associação estatística entre CAGE positivo e sobrecarga de trabalho e entre esse e o SRQ-20. CONCLUSÕES: O universo estudado mostra o médico anestesiologista como um profissional bastante sobrecarregado, o que vai de encontro às tendências da profissão médica. Atenção importante deve ser dada a esse profissional, que vive cercado de danosos riscos ocupacionais.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exposed to many occupational risk factors, the anesthesiologist should know how to experience situations related to work and everyday life, so that illness is not part of his reality. Knowledge of work through the worker himself is one way to look deeper into the universe surrounding health professionals in order to seek effective solutions that increase satisfaction and minimize damage. The objective of this paper was to outline an epidemiological and occupational profile of the anesthesiologist in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. METHODS: Quantitative, cross-sectional randomized study conducted among members of the Society of Anesthesiology of Minas Gerais. Data collected through a questionnaire, including the CAGE, for evaluation of alcoholism and Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to evaluate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD). RESULTS: There was predominance of male (62.4%) working on-call schedule (91.1%), both day and at night. The average number of night shifts was 5.4% in the last 30 days. Most of them (88.3%) working in emergency departments. Most professionals reported being very tired and overloaded or very overloaded, but satisfied with the work. There was statistical association between CAGE positive and work overload and between CAGE and SRQ-20. CONCLUSIONS: The population studied indicates that the anesthesiologist is a professional rather overloaded, which corroborates trends seen in the medical field. Major attention should be given to these professionals who live surrounded by harmful occupational hazards.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Estando expuesto a los diversos factores de riesgos ocupacionales, el anestesiólogo debe saber cómo vivir las situaciones relacionadas con el trabajo y con la vida cotidiana para que la enfermedad no forme parte de su realidad. El conocimiento del trabajo por medio del trabajado es una forma de buscar en profundidad el universo que cerca al profesional para que soluciones eficientes aumenten la satisfacción y disminuyan los daños. El objetivo de nuestra investigación es trazar un perfil epidemiológico y ocupacional del anestesiólogo de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y randomizado entre los miembros de la Sociedad de Anestesiología de Minas Gerais. Datos recolectados por medio de un cuestionario específico, incluyendo el CAGE, para la evaluación del alcoholismo y el Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), para la evaluación de la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales comunes (TMC). RESULTADOS: Se registró un predominio de hombres (62,4%) trabajando en un sistema de guardias (91,1%) tanto diurno como nocturno. El promedio de guardias nocturnas fue del 5,4% en los últimos 30 días. La mayor parte de ellas (88,3%) fue en servicios de urgencia. La mayoría de los profesionales se considera muy cansado y con mucha sobrecarga, pero dicen estar realizados con el trabajo. Hubo una asociación estadística entre CAGE positivo y la sobrecarga de trabajo y entre ése y el SRQ-20. CONCLUSIONES: El universo estudiado nos trae una panorámica del médico anestesiólogo como siendo un profesional bastante sobrecargado, lo que se choca con las tendencias de la profesión médica. Una atención importante se le debe dar a ese profesional, que vive rodeado de altos y perjudiciales riesgos ocupacionales.

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