BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease caused by the parasite Leishmania, is treated with drugs associated with high toxicity and limited efficacy, in addition to constant reports of the emergence of resistant parasites. In this context, snake serums emerge as good candidates since they are natural sources with the potential to yield novel drugs. OBJECTIVES We aimed to show the antileishmanial effects of γCdcPLI, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake serum, against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. METHODS Promastigotes forms were exposed to γCdcPLI, and we assessed the parasite viability and cell cycle, as well as invasion and proliferation assays. FINDINGS Despite the low cytotoxicity effect on macrophages, our data indicate that γCdcPLI has a direct effect on parasites promoting an arrest in the G1 phase and reduction in the G2/M phase at the highest dose tested. Moreover, this PLA2 inhibitor reduced the parasite infectivity when promastigotes were pre-treated. Also, we demonstrated that the γCdcPLI treatment modulated the host cell environment impairing early and late steps of the parasitism. MAIN CONCLUSIONS γCdcPLI is an interesting tool for the discovery of new essential targets on the parasite, as well as an alternative compound to improve the effectiveness of the leishmaniasis treatment. Leishmaniasis efficacy context A serum (Leishmania amazonensis cycle assays macrophages G G2M GM G2 M tested Moreover PLA pretreated. pretreated pre treated. pre-treated Also parasitism

Resumo: O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agente causal do mofo-branco, encontra-se disseminado em todo o mundo. A doença é considerada uma das principais da cultura da soja e do feijão no Brasil. O patógeno S. sclerotiorum é disseminado pelas sementes de soja e feijão tanto na forma de escleródios como na forma de micélio dormente no interior das sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre diferentes potenciais de S. sclerotiorum nas sementes de soja e feijão e o desempenho dessas sementes, bem como verificar a localização e a quantificação do inóculo nas sementes inoculadas pela técnica de PCR em tempo real (qPCR), validando o termo potencial de inóculo. Sementes de soja e feijão foram inoculadas com o fungo pelo método do condicionamento osmótico baseado na exposição das sementes ao fungo pelos períodos de 24 h, 48 h, 72 h e 96 h. A análise molecular foi realizada por meio de qPCR em sementes inteiras e dissecadas em tegumento, cotilédone e eixo embrionário. Os resultados demonstraram que os efeitos de S. sclerotiorum na germinação e vigor das sementes foram progressivos e proporcionais aos aumentos dos potenciais de inóculo, visto que no maior potencial (P96) foi possível observar danos mais severos nas sementes e, consequentemente, nas plantas emergidas. O inóculo do patógeno foi encontrado em todas as partes das sementes avaliadas, mesmo no seu menor potencial de inóculo (P24), apresentando uma concentração de DNA crescente, onde o tegumento obteve maior quantidade de DNA que o embrião quando comparadas.

Abstract: The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold, is widespread throughout the world. The disease is considered to be one of the major diseases of soybean and bean crops in Brazil. The pathogen S. sclerotiorum is spread by soybean and bean seeds both in the form of sclerotia and dormant mycelium inside the seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between different potentials of S. sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds and the performance of these seeds, as well as to verify the localization and quantification of the inoculum of the pathogen in the seeds inoculated by Real-time PCR (qPCR), validating the term inoculum potential. Soybean and bean seeds were inoculated with the fungus by the osmotic conditioning method based on the exposure of the seeds to the fungus for periods of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Molecular analysis was carried out by means of qPCR in whole seeds and dissected in the integument, cotyledon and embryonic axis. The results showed that the effects of S. sclerotiorum on seed germination and vigor were progressive and proportional to the increases in inoculum potentials, since there was more severe damage to the seeds and consequently to the emerged plants at the highest potential (P96). The inoculum of the pathogen was found in all parts of the evaluated seeds, even at its lowest inoculum potential (P24), with an increasing DNA concentration, and the integument obtained a greater amount of DNA than the embryo, in comparison.

OBJECTIVES: In this preliminary study we investigated cellular and humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in blood samples from 14 recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and compared them to those in samples from 12 uninfected/unvaccinated volunteers. METHODS: Cellular immunity was assessed by intracellular detection of IFN-γ in CD3+ T lymphocytes after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1), nucleocapsid (NC), or receptor-binding domain (RBD) recombinant proteins or overlapping peptide pools covering the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 spike, membrane and nucleocapsid regions. The humoral response was examined by ELISAs and/or chemiluminescence assays for the presence of serum IgG antibodies directed to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. RESULTS: We observed differences between humoral and cellular immune profiles in response to stimulation with the same proteins. Assays of IgG antibodies directed to SARS-CoV-2 NC, RBD and S1/S2 recombinant proteins were able to differentiate convalescent from uninfected/unvaccinated groups. Cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 protein stimuli did not exhibit a specific response, as T cells from both individuals with no history of contact with SARS-CoV-2 and from recovered donors were able to produce IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of the cellular immune response to stimulation with a pool of SARS-CoV-2 peptides but not with SARS-CoV-2 proteins is able to distinguish convalescent individuals from unexposed individuals. Regarding the humoral immune response, the screening for serum IgG antibodies directed to SARS-CoV-2 proteins has been shown to be specific for the response of recovered individuals.

BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the most important arbovirus vectors in the world. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate and compare the infestation pattern of these species in a neighbourhood of Recife, Brazil, endemic for arboviruses in 2005 (T1) and 2013 (T2). METHODS Infestation, distribution and relative abundance of these sympatric species were recorded by egg collection using a network of 59 sentinel ovitraps (s-ovt) at fixed sampling stations for 12 months in T1 and T2. FINDINGS A permanent occupation pattern was detected which was characterised by the presence of egg-laying females of one or both species with a high ovitrap positivity index (94.3 to 100%) throughout both years analysed. In terms of abundance, the total of eggs collected was lower (p < 0.005) in T2 (146,153) than in T1 (281,103), although ovitraps still displayed a high index of positivity. The spatial distribution showed the presence of both species in 65.1% of the 148 s-ovt assessed, while a smaller number of traps exclusively contained Ae. aegypti (22%) or Ae. albopictus (13.2%) eggs. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our comparative analysis demonstrated the robustness of the spatial occupation and permanence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus populations in this endemic urban area.

Resumo A crescente complexidade das necessidades de saúde que requerem abordagem ampliada e contextualizada e da organização dos serviços em rede motivou a revisita ao conceito de trabalho em equipe, à tipologia equipe-integração e agrupamento e aos seus atributos. O efetivo trabalho em equipe se constitui como expressão, por um lado, da articulação das ações das diversas áreas mediante o reconhecimento da sua interdependência e, por outro, da complementaridade indispensável entre agir instrumental e agir comunicativo. Destaca-se que o trabalho em equipe também é expressão da divisão social do trabalho e da transformação de diferenças técnicas em desigual valor social dos trabalhos especializados das diversas profissões e, portanto, dos seus agentes. As contradições presentes nos processos de trabalho, na sua consubstancialidade às necessidades de saúde, podem se limitar a reiterar os modelos dominantes de atenção à saúde ou buscar sua superação por meio de mediações reflexivas e dialógicas dos trabalhadores das equipes entre si e destes com usuários, famílias e população. Por fim, trabalho em equipe constitui uma das formas de trabalho interprofissional com práticas colaborativas, e essa colaboração pode se dar na equipe ou no trabalho em rede com usuários e comunidade.

Abstract The increasing complexity of health needs that require expanded and contextualized approach and the organization of networked services has motivated revisiting the concept of teamwork, the team-integration and grouping typology and its attributes. Effective teamwork is an expression, on the one hand, of the articulation of the actions of the various areas from the recognition of their interdependence and, on the other, of the indispensable complementarity between instrumental and communicative action. It is noteworthy that teamwork is also an expression of the social division of labor and the transmutation of technical differences into unequal social value of specialized work of different professions and, therefore, of their agents. The contradictions present in work processes, in their substantiation with health needs, may be limited to reiterating the dominant models of health care or seeking to overcome them through reflective and dialogical mediations of team workers among themselves and with users, families and population. Finally, teamwork is one of the forms of interprofessional work together with interprofessional collaboration and collaborative practice, and this collaboration can take place in the team or in networking with users and the community.

Resumen La creciente complejidad de las necesidades de salud que requieren un enfoque amplio y contextualizado y de la organización de los servicios en red, ha motivado la revisita al concepto de trabajo en equipo, a la tipología equipo-integración y agrupación, y a sus atributos. El efectivo trabajo en equipo se constituye como expresión, por un lado, de la articulación de las acciones de las diversas áreas a partir del reconocimiento de su interdependencia y, de otro lado, de la complementación indispensable entre actuar instrumentalmente y actuar comunicativamente. Cabe señalar que el trabajo en equipo es también una expresión de la división social del trabajo y la transmutación de diferencias técnicas en valor social desigual del trabajo especializado de las distintas profesiones y, por lo tanto, de sus agentes. Las contradicciones presentes en los procesos de trabajo, en su consubstancialidad a las necesidades de salud, pueden limitarse a reiterar los modelos dominantes de atención a la salud o buscar su superación por mediaciones reflexivas y dialógicas de los trabajadores de los equipos entre sí y de estos con usuarios, familias y población. Finalmente, el trabajo en equipo constituye una de las formas de trabajo interprofesional junto con la colaboración interprofesional y la práctica colaborativa, y esta colaboración puede tener lugar en equipo o en red con los usuarios y la comunidad.

BACKGROUND Paracoccidioides spp. causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important and frequent systemic mycosis that occurs in Latin America. The infectious process begins with contact between the fungus and lung cells, and the molecular pattern of this interaction is currently poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the gene expression in many biological processes, including in the infections. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse the expression of miRNAs in lung cells as response to infection by Paracoccidioides spp. METHODS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based screening was employed to verify differentially expressed miRNAs in human lung cells infected with three different species; Paracoccidioides lutzii, Paracoccidioides americana, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Furthermore, the in silico predictions of target genes and pathways for miRNAs were obtained. FINDINGS The results showed that miRNAs identified in the lung cells were different according to the species studied. However, based on the predicted targets, the potential signaling pathways regulated by miRNAs are common and related to adhesion, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptosis, and immune response mediated by T cells and TGF-β. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study showed the miRNAs pattern of epithelial cells in response to infection by Paracoccidioides species and the potential role of these molecules in the regulation of key pathogenesis mechanisms of PCM.

Allergic asthma is a chronic, complex inflammatory disease of the airway. Despite extensive studies on the immunomodulation of T helper (Th) cell pathways (i.e., Th1 and Th2) in asthma, little is known about the effects of Th17 pathway modulation, particularly that involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In response, two new thiazolidinedione derivatives-namely, LPSF-GQ-147 and LPSF-CR-35 were synthesized and evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects on Th17-related cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic children. Both compounds were nontoxic even at high concentrations (i.e., 100 µM). The LPSF-CR-35 compound significantly reduced the levels of IL-17A (p = .039) and IFNγ (p = .032) at 10 µM. For IL-22 and IL-6, significant reduction occurred at 100 µM (p = .039 and p = .02, respectively). Conversely, LPSF-GQ-147 did not significantly inhibit the production of the tested cytokines, the levels of all of which were more efficiently reduced by LPSF-CR-35 than methylprednisolone, the standard compound. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay confirmed that LPSF-GQ-147 has significant PPARγ modulatory activity. Such data indicate that both LPSF-CR-35 and LPSF-GQ-147 are promising candidates as drugs for treating inflammation and asthma.

Resumo: Diante do que já se conhece em sanidade de sementes e tendo-se em mãos métodos moleculares para a detecção dos fungos Stenocarpella maydis, Stenocarpella macrospora em sementes de milho, Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides em algodão e Corynespora cassiicola em soja, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o vigor das sementes em função dos diferentes potenciais de inóculo. Os isolados dos fungos foram inoculados nas sementes por meio da técnica de restrição hídrica pela qual se obtém diferentes potenciais de inóculo, que foram representados por P0, P24, P48 e P96 e P0, P36, P108 e P144, que correspondem à exposição das sementes aos períodos de tempo de 0, 24, 48, 96 horas (milho e algodão) e nos tempos 0, 36, 108 e 144 horas (soja), respectivamente. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, condutividade elétrica, sanidade e qPCR. Pelo blotter test, na maioria dos patossistemas, houve maior incidência do fungo com o aumento do potencial de inóculo. Foi observada uma queda na porcentagem de germinação de todas as espécies com o aumento do potencial de inóculo, assim como maior degradação das membranas das sementes. A qPCR confirmou que nas sementes mais prejudicadas havia maior quantidade de inóculo dos patógenos.

Abstract: Given what is already known in regard to seed health and the availability of molecular methods for detection of the pathogens Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora in maize seeds, Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides in cotton seeds, and Corynespora cassiicola in soybean seeds, the aim of this study was to evaluate seed vigor according to different inoculum potentials. The fungus isolates were inoculated on seeds by the technique of water restriction, through which different inoculum potentials are obtained, corresponding to times of seed exposure of 0, 24, 48, and 96 hours for maize and cotton seeds, and 0, 36, 108, and 144 hours for soybean seeds. The seeds were subjected to germination, electrical conductivity, health, and qPCR tests. Results of the blotter test showed that in most pathosystems, there was a higher incidence of the fungi with an increase in inoculum potential. A decrease in germination percentage was observed in all species as inoculum potential increased, as well as further degradation of seed membranes. The qPCR test confirmed that the most damaged seeds in the tests had higher presence of the pathogens.

RESUMO O Estado de Sergipe é o maior produtor de mangaba, fruta nativa do Brasil e de importância cultural, social e econômica nas áreas de ocorrência. Encontra-se em risco de extinção devido a ações antrópicas, e apesar de seu potencial econômico, ainda não existem plantios comerciais da espécie. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar árvores, frutos e a diversidade genética de populações naturais de mangabeira em Sergipe, Brasil. Frutos oriundos de Abaís/Estância (AB) apresentam em média o dobro do conteúdo de vitamina C (414.81 mg de vit. C/100g) dos demais. O uso de primers ISSR foi eficiente para estimar a similaridade genética das populações, sendo agrupados de acordo com sua origem, o que indica a diversidade genética destas mangabeiras, e seu isolamento. Os resultados poderão ser usados para direcionar a seleção de indivíduos em ações de conservação desses recursos genéticos, in situ e ex situ.

ABSTRACT The state of Sergipe is the largest mangaba producer, which is a fruit native to Brazil, and has cultural, social and economic importance in its area of occurrence. It is an endangered species due to human actions, and despite its economic potential, there are still no commercial plantations. The study was carried out in order to characterize trees, fruits and the genetic diversity of natural populations of mangaba in Sergipe, Brazil. Fruits from Abaís Beach/Estância (AB) presented, on average, twice the vitamin C content (414.81 mg of vit. C/100g), when compared with the others. The use of ISSR primers was efficient in estimating the genetic similarity of populations. The primers clustered the populations of mangaba according to their origin, which indicates the genetic diversity of mangaba and their isolation. The results can be used to guide the selection of individuals in situ and ex situ conservation actions of these genetic resources.

Abstract: Data from 241 interviews collected in 2013 was analyzed to characterize populations of pigs (Mexican Hairless Pig (MH), Cuino Pig (CU) and Crossbred Pig (UD)). Variables were body weight (BW), head length (HL), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (CG), height at withers (HW), croup width (RW), number of nipples (TC), dense or sparse hair (HD), presence or absence of tusks (TU), short or long snout (ST), upright or floppy ears (ER), calm or restless temperament (TM), proportionality index (PI), body index (BI) and relative weight index (RWI). Analyses were carried out with GLM and GENMOD of SAS. Models included state and population. Population was significant (P<0.05) for BW, BL, CG, HW, RW, TU, TM, PI, BI and RWI. Coefficients of variation (VC) showed the minor and major values for BW (18.8 %) and CG (27.8 %). VC were 13.0, 14.6 and 45.8 % for PI, BI and RWI. Least squares means for MH, CU and UD were: 48.06±6.17a, 35.93±3.04b and 61.11±7.42a kg (BW); 77.81±3.65ab, 69.56±2.02a and 88.52±4.93b cm (BL); 80.55±3.98ab, 71.72±2.20a and 93.23±5.37b cm (CG); 56.88±2.45ab, 51.26±1.36a and 60.32±3.31b cm (HW); 57±4a, 71±19b and 62±34a % (HD); 68±31ab, 70±14a and 61±27b% (TU); 65±30 a, 56±12b and 62±3a% (TM). The MH and UD populations were similar in morphometry and different from the CU population. The CU population showed lower weight, smaller size and calmer temperament. The characterization of these populations is important for designing strategies for their conservation and efficient use.

Resumen: Para caracterizar a las poblaciones del cerdo Pelón Mexicano (PPM), cerdo Cuino (PCU) y cerdos cruzados (PCI) se analizó información de 241 entrevistas realizadas durante 2013. Las variables analizadas fueron: peso corporal (Peco), longitud de cabeza (Loca), longitud del cuerpo (Locu), circunferencia del pecho (Circu), altura a la cruz (Acruz), ancho de pelvis (Anpe), número de pezones (Nupe), pelo denso o escaso (Cape), presencia o ausencia de colmillos (Colm), hocico corto o largo (Hoc), orejas erguidas o no erguidas (Posio), temperamento tranquilo o inquieto (Tem), índice de proporcionalidad (IP), índice corporal (IC) e índice de peso relativo (IPR). Los datos se analizaron con GLM y GENMOD del SAS. Los modelos estadísticos incluyeron Estado y Población. Población influyó (P<0.05) Peco, Locu, Circu, Acruz, Cape, Colm, Tem IP, IC e IPR. Los coeficientes de variación (CV) mostraron a Peco y Anpe como las características con menor y mayor variación (18.8 y 27.8 %). Para IP, IC e IPR los CV fueron 13.0, 14.6 y 45.8 %. Las medias de cuadrados mínimos para PPM, PCU y PCI fueron 48.06±6.17a, 35.93±3.04b y 61.11±7.42a kg (Peco); 77.81±3.65ab, 69.56±2.02a y 88.52±4.93 b cm (Locu); 80.55±3.98ab, 71.72±2.20a y 93.23±5.37b cm (Circu); 56.88±2.45ab, 51.26±1.36a y 60.32±3.31b cm (Acruz); 57±4a, 71±19 b y 62±34a% (Cape); 68±31 ab, 70±14a y 61±27b% (Colm); 65±30a, 56±12b y 62±3a% (Tem). PPM y PCI fueron similares en morfometría pero diferentes de PCU. La población PCU mostró menor peso, menor talla y temperamento más inquieto. Caracterizar a estas poblaciones es importante para diseñar estrategias para su conservación y uso eficiente.

The main challenge in the control of malaria has been the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. The presence of drug-resistant Plasmodium sp. has raised the need for new antimalarial drugs. Molecular modelling techniques have been used as tools to develop new drugs. In this study, we employed virtual screening of a pyrazol derivative (Tx001) against four malaria targets: plasmepsin-IV, plasmepsin-II, falcipain-II, and PfATP6. The receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) were established for each molecular target. The AUC values obtained for plasmepsin-IV, plasmepsin-II, and falcipain-II were 0.64, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively. All docking simulations were carried out using AutoDock Vina software. The ligand Tx001 exhibited a better interaction with PfATP6 than with the reference compound (-12.2 versus -6.8 Kcal/mol). The Tx001-PfATP6 complex was submitted to molecular dynamics simulations in vacuum implemented on an NAMD program. The ligand Tx001 docked at the same binding site as thapsigargin, which is a natural inhibitor of PfATP6. Compound TX001 was evaluated in vitro with a P. falciparum strain (W2) and a human cell line (WI-26VA4). Tx001 was discovered to be active against P. falciparum (IC50 = 8.2 µM) and inactive against WI-26VA4 (IC50 > 200 µM). Further ligand optimisation cycles generated new prospects for docking and biological assays.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has been mainly related with pig farming, in Europe and North America, with the ST398 as the most commonly identified type of LA-MRSA. Here we present the draft genome of the first vancomycin-intermediate MRSA ST398/t9538 isolated from a swine presenting exudative epidermitis in Brazil.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate some morphological characteristics of backyard turkeys (n=248) coming from 126 rural production units located in 75 municipalities of 24 States of the Mexican Republic. The statistical model included sex, state, and municipality within state. The three explanatory variables affected all the response variables (P<0.01), except municipality, which did not affect breast circumference (P>0.05). Male turkeys had greater (P<0.001) body length (10.7 cm more), wingspan (11.4 cm more), breast circumference (13.8 cm more), shank length (2.5 cm more), body weight (2.5 kg more), stockiness (9.0 percentage units more) and massiveness (2.8 percentage units more) than female turkeys. Body weight showed to be highly correlated phenotypically (P<0.01) with breast circumference in both males (r=0.74) and females (r=0.71). Body length was lowly correlated with shank length (r=0.25; P<0.01) in males, but it was not correlated with shank length in females (r=0.05; P>0.05). Body weight increased 143 g in males (P<0.01) and 113 g in females (P<0.01) for each centimeter increment in breast circumference. The predominant colors in the plumage, skin and tarsus were black, white and brown, respectively. The Mexican backyard turkey presented significant sexual dimorphism and strong phenotypic correlation between breast circumference and body weight.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar algunas características morfológicas de pavos de traspatio (n=248) provenientes de 126 unidades rurales de producción localizadas en 75 municipios de 24 estados de la República Mexicana. El modelo estadístico incluyó sexo, estado y municipio anidado en estado. Las tres variables explicativas afectaron a todas las variables de respuesta (P<0.01), excepto municipio, que no afectó circunferencia de la pechuga (P>0.05). Los machos tuvieron mayor (P<0.001) longitud corporal (10.4 cm más), envergadura (11.4 cm más), circunferencia de la pechuga (13.8 cm más), longitud de tarso (2.5 cm más), peso corporal (2.5 kg más), robustez (9.0 puntos porcentuales más) y solidez (2.8 puntos porcentuales más) que las hembras. Peso corporal mostró estar altamente correlacionado fenotípicamente (P<0.01) con circunferencia de la pechuga tanto en machos (r=0.74) como en hembras (r=0.71). En machos, longitud corporal mostró una correlación baja con longitud del tarso (r=0.25; P<0.01), pero en hembras no estuvo correlacionada (r=0.05; P>0.05). El peso corporal aumentó 143 g (P<0.01) en machos y 113 g en hembras (P<0.01) por cada centímetro que aumentó la circunferencia de la pechuga. Los colores predominantes en el plumaje, la piel y el tarso fueron negro, blanco y café, respectivamente. El pavo de traspatio mexicano presentó dimorfismo sexual significativo y alta correlación fenotípica entre circunferencia de la pechuga y peso corporal.

Resumo Os nematoides do gênero Eustrongylides tem as aves como seus hospedeiros definitivos e utilizam outros vertebrados como hospedeiros intermediários/paratênicos (peixes, anfíbios, répteis), além de apresentar potencial zoonótico. Em anfíbios, as larvas podem estar localizadas em tecidos subcutâneos, fígado, mesentério e entre fibras musculares de membros inferiores. Rhinella marina, anfíbio o qual é distribuído amplamente no Brasil, apresenta uma complexa diversidade em sua helmintofauna, refletindo o seu hábitat no bioma amazônico. O presente estudo descreve, pela primeira vez, os aspectos morfológicos das larvas de terceiro estágio de Eustrongylides sp. em R. marina de Santa Cruz do Arari, Arquipélago do Marajó, Amazônia Oriental Brasileira, utilizando-se microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura.

Absctract Eustrongylides spp. nematodes have birds as final hosts and uses other vertebrates as intermediate/paratenic host (fish, amphibians and reptiles) and have zoonotic potential. In amphibians, the larvae may be located in the subcutaneous tissues, liver and mesentery, between the muscle fibres, especially in the lower limbs. Rhinella marina, which is widely observed in Brazil, has exhibited complex diversity in its helminth fauna, reflecting the unique habitat of the Amazon biome. For the first time, this study describes the morphological aspects of third-stage larvae of Eustrongylides sp. in Rhinella marina from Santa Cruz do Ararí, Marajó Archipelago, Eastern Amazonia, using light and scanning electron microscopy.