Resumo A pandemia pela Covid-19 não é apenas um problema de saúde, ela é considerada um choque profundo para nossas sociedades e economias, colocando em evidência uma crise de prestação de cuidados na qual os profissionais de saúde, em especial as mulheres, estão no centro dos esforços de atendimento e respostas. Assim, este artigo teve como objetivo problematizar as práticas de cuidado durante a pandemia da Covid-19 com foco no direito à proteção das mulheres profissionais da saúde, de acordo com as concepções de Michel Foucault sobre cuidado de si, considerando o eixo poder-saber. O estudo avança na indagação sobre a crise do cuidado e visibiliza o cuidado de si de trabalhadoras da saúde especialmente durante a pandemia da Covid-19 como caminho possível para a reversão de práticas de dominação por meio da criação de práticas de liberdade, afirmando a produção do cuidado como criadora de valor e respeito pela vida de todas e todos.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is not just a health problem, it is considered a profound shock to our societies and economies, highlighting a care crisis in which health professionals, especially women, are at the center of service and response efforts. Thus, this article aimed to problematize care practices during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on the right to protection for women health professionals, according to Michel Foucault’s conceptions of self-care, considering the power-knowledge axis. The study goes on to question about the crisis of care and makes self-care of health workers visible especially during the COVID-19 pandemic as a possible way for the reversion of domination practices through the creation of freedom practices, affirming the production of care as a creator of value and respect for the life of all.

Resumen La pandemia por el COVID-19 no es solo un problema de salud, sino que se la considera también un choque profundo en la sociedad y en la economía, poniendo en evidencia una crisis en la prestación de cuidados en la cual los profesionales de la salud, especialmente las mujeres, están en el centro de los esfuerzos de atención y respuestas.Así es que, este artículo tuvo como objetivo problematizar las prácticas de cuidado durante la pandemia de COVID-19 poniendo el enfoque en el derecho a la protección de las mujeres profesionales de la salud, según la concepción de Michel Foucault sobre cuidado de sí, considerando el eje poder-saber. El estudio avanza en la indagación sobre la crisis del cuidado y visibiliza el cuidado de sí de trabajadoras de la salud especialmente durante la pandemia de COVID-19 como un posible camino a la reversión de práticas de dominación por medio de la creación de práticas de libertad, que afirmen la producción del cuidado como creadora de valor y respeto por la vida de todas y todos.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate whether there is any difference on the results of patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of ischemic heart failure (HF). Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register [CENTRAL/CCTR], ClinicalTrials.gov, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde [LILACS], and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published until February 2019. Main outcomes of interest were mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. Results: The search yielded 5,775 studies for inclusion. Of these, 20 articles were analyzed, and their data were extracted. The total number of patients included was 54,173, and those underwent CABG (N=29,075) or PCI (N=25098). The hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality (HR 0.763; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.678-0.859; P<0.001), myocardial infarction (HR 0.481; 95% CI 0.365-0.633; P<0.001), and repeat revascularization (HR 0.321; 95% CI 0.241-0.428; P<0.001) were lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group. The HR for stroke showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (random effect model: HR 0.879; 95% CI 0.625-1.237; P=0.459). Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that CABG surgery remains the best option for patients with ischemic HF, without increase in the risk of stroke.

Abstract Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) on the risk of early-term mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: Databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], Excerpta Medica dataBASE [EMBASE], Cochrane Controlled Trials Register [CENTRAL/CCTR], ClinicalTrials.gov, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences [LILACS], and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published until February 2019. PPM after TAVI was defined as moderate if the indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) was between 0.85 cm2/m2 and 0.65 cm2/m2 and as severe if iEOA ≤ 0.65 cm2/m2. Results: The search yielded 1,092 studies for inclusion. Of these, 18 articles were analyzed, and their data extracted. The total number of patients included who underwent TAVI was 71,106. The incidence of PPM after TAVI was 36.3% (25,846 with PPM and 45,260 without PPM). One-year mortality was not increased in patients with any PPM (odds ratio [OR] 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.979-1.065, P=0.338) neither in those with moderate PPM (OR 0.980, 95% CI 0.933-1.029, P=0.423). Severe PPM was separately associated with high risk (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.041-1.181, P=0.001). Conclusion: The presence of severe PPM after TAVI increased early-term mortality. Although moderate PPM seemed harmless, the findings of this study cannot not rule out the possibility of it being detrimental, since there are other registries that did not address this issue yet.

Abstract Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is an issue that has been overlooked (not to say neglected). Cardiac surgeons must bear in mind that this is a real problem that we must tackle. The purpose of this paper is to be a wake-up call to the surgical community by giving a brief overview of what PPM is, its incidence and impact on the outcomes. We also discuss the increasing role played by imaging for predicting and assessing PPM after SAVR (with which surgeons must become more acquainted) and, finally, we present some options to avoid PPM after the surgical procedure.

Abstract Objective: This study sought to evaluate the impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on the risk of perioperative and long-term mortality after mitral valve replacement. Methods: Databases were researched for studies published until December 2018. Main outcomes of interest were perioperative and 10-year mortality and echocardiographic parameters. Results: The research yielded 2,985 studies for inclusion. Of these, 16 articles were analyzed, and their data extracted. The total number of patients included was 10,239, who underwent mitral valve replacement. The incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch after mitral valve replacement was 53.7% (5,499 with prosthesis-patient mismatch and 4,740 without prosthesis-patient mismatch). Perioperative (OR 1.519; 95%CI 1.194-1.931, P<0.001) and 10-year (OR 1.515; 95%CI 1.280-1.795, P<0.001) mortality was increased in patients with prosthesis-patient mismatch. Patients with prosthesis-patient mismatch after mitral valve replacement had higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure and transprosthethic gradient and lower indexed effective orifice area and left ventricle ejection fraction. Conclusion: Prosthesis-patient mismatch increases perioperative and long-term mortality. Prosthesis-patient mismatch is also associated with pulmonary hypertension and depressed left ventricle systolic function. The findings of this study support the implementation of surgical strategies to prevent prosthesis-patient mismatch in order to decrease mortality rates.

Abstract The best treatment for patients with ischemic heart failure (HF) is still on debate. There is growing evidence that coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) benefits these patients. The current recommendations for revascularization in this context are that CABG is reasonable when it comes to decreasing morbidity and mortality rates for patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction <35%), and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and should be considered in patients with operable coronary anatomy, regardless whether or not there is a viable myocardium (class IIb). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not have enough data to allow the panels to reach a conclusion. The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry (KorAHF) had its data released recently, showing that patients with acute HF who underwent CABG had lower death rates, more complete revascularization and less adverse outcomes compared with patients treated with PCI. Recent ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization clearly recommended CABG as the first choice of revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel disease and acceptable surgical risk to improve prognosis in this scenario of left ventricular dysfunction. However, a high peri-procedural risk must be compared with the benefit of late mortality, and pros and cons of each strategy (either PCI or CABG) must be weighed in the decision-making process. Spurred on by the publication of the above-mentioned article and the release of new guidelines, we went on to write an overview of the current practice of state-of-the-art coronary revascularization options in patients with HF.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os argumentos em torno da experiência de ocupação e uso da Paulista Aberta para avançar uma compreensão acerca de políticas de desenvolvimento urbano e seus efeitos. Seguimos a analítica arqueológica inspirada em Michel Foucault, abordagem que se debruça sobre discursos de forma a compreender as formações ali presentes a partir da identificação de seus enunciados. No tocante à Paulista Aberta, há uma clara disputa espacial, com hierarquias de poder sendo desafiadas por uma ênfase em pedestrianismo, ciclismo e lazer. Porém, apesar de haver discursos favoráveis e desfavoráveis, tais discursos não se configuram como sendo antagônicos. Este trabalho é um ponto de partida crítico à investigação das relações de poder imbricadas nas lógicas de produção social desse espaço.

Abstract This article aims to analyze arguments about the experience of occupation and use of Paulista Avenue to advance the understanding on urban development policies and their effects. We followed and archaeological analysis inspired by Michel Foucault, an approach that focuses on speeches to understand the present formations from the identification of their statements. As for the Open Paulista (Paulista Aberta), there is a clear spatial dispute, with hierarchies of power being challenged by an emphasis on walking, cycling and leisure. However, although there are favorable and unfavorable speeches, such do not appear to be antagonistic. This work is a critical starting point for the investigation of the relations of power imbricated in the logics of social production of this space.

In this work a re-investigation of the solubility limits of the (Nb), Nb3Al, Nb2Al and the Nb-rich side of the NbAl3 phases on the Nb-Al system is presented. Alloys in the binary fields ((Nb)+Nb3Al, Nb3Al+Nb2Al and Nb2Al+NbAl3) were arc-melted, and then equilibrated at 1000, 1200 and 1400 ºC. The phases were confirmed via X-ray powder diffractometry, and their compositions were determined via EPMA measurements. The results showed agreement with the literature concerning the solubility limits of (Nb), Nb3Al and NbAl3 phases, while important differences in the values were found for the Nb2Al phase. In addition, the lattice parameters of the Nb2Al phase were determined via Rietveld refinement. This new set of more accurate experimental information indicates that a thermodynamic reassessment is necessary to precisely describe this system.

Abstract Objective: We aimed to analyze whether patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure reduces the risk of stroke, assessing also some safety outcomes after the publication of a new trial. Introduction: The clinical benefit of closing a PFO has been an open question, so it is necessary to review the current state of published medical data in regards to this subject. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar and reference lists of relevant articles were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported any of the following outcomes: stroke, death, major bleeding or atrial fibrillation. Six studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria and included 3560 patients (1889 for PFO closure and 1671 for medical therapy. Results: The risk ration (RR) for stroke in the “closure” group compared with the “medical therapy” showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, favouring the “closure” group (RR 0.366; 95%CI 0.171–0.782, P=0.010). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the safety outcomes, death and major bleeding, but we observed an increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation in the “closure” group (RR 4.131; 95%CI 2.293–7.443, P<0.001). We also observed that the larger the proportion of effective closure, the lower the risk of stroke. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that stroke rates are lower with percutaneously implanted device closure than with medical therapy alone, being these rates modulated by the rates of hypertension, atrial septal aneurysm and effective closure. The publication of a new trial did not change the scenario in the medical literature.

Abstract Objective: We aimed to determine whether patent foramen ovale closure reduces the risk of stroke, also assessing some safety outcomes. Introduction: The clinical benefit of closing a patent foramen ovale after a cryptogenic stroke has been an open question for several decades, so that it is necessary to review the current state of published medical data in this regard. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR, SciELO, LI-LACS, Google Scholar and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for randomized controlled trials that reported any of the following outcomes: stroke, death, major bleeding or atrial fibrillation. Five studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria and included 3440 patients (1829 for patent foramen ovale closure and 1611 for medical therapy). Results: The risk ratio (RR) for stroke in the "device closure" group compared with the "medical therapy" showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, favouring the "device closure" group (RR 0.400; 95% CI 0.183-0.873, P=0.021). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the safety outcomes death and major bleeding, but we observed an increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation in the "device closure group (RR 4.000; 95% CI 2.262-7.092, P<0.001). We also observed that the larger the proportion of effective closure, the lower the risk of stroke. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that stroke rates are lower with percutaneously implanted device closure than with medical therapy alone, being these rates modulated by the rates of effective closure.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender os sentimentos e dificuldades vivenciadas por pacientes oncológicos frente aos itinerários diagnóstico e terapêutico. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido junto a 13 pessoas com câncer, por meio de entrevista. No período de junho a setembro de 2017 foram coletados os dados e posteriormente submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Com os resultados compreendeu-se os sentimentos desagradáveis que os pacientes com câncer vivenciam, e o reconhecimento de fatores que influenciam a ressignificação dessa fase. Além disso observou-se as dificuldades que perpassam a rotina de tratamento e que comprometem as necessidades básicas desses indivíduos. Considerações finais: Compreendeu-se que durante a vivência do itinerário diagnóstico e terapêutico as pessoas com câncer experimentam sentimentos negativos e muitas dificuldades. Entretanto, alguns fatores possibilitam a ressignificação do adoecimento e necessitam ser considerados pelos profissionais de saúde e gestores para minimizar o impacto da doença durante essa jornada.

Abstract Objective: To understand the feelings and difficulties experienced by cancer patients in relation to the diagnostic and therapeutic itineraries. Methods: An exploratory study of a qualitative nature, developed with 13 people with cancer, through an interview. In the period from June to September of 2017 data were collected and later submitted to content analysis. Results: The results included the unpleasant feelings that patients with cancer experience, and the recognition of factors that influence the re-signification of this phase. In addition, we observed the difficulties that perpass the routine of treatment and that compromise the basic needs of these individuals. Final considerations: It was understood that during the experience of the diagnostic and therapeutic itinerary, people with cancer experience negative feelings and many difficulties. However, some factors make possible the resignification of the disease and need to be considered by health professionals and managers to minimize the impact of the disease during this journey.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender los sentimientos y dificultades vivenciadas por pacientes oncológicos frente a los itinerarios diagnóstico y terapéutico. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, de naturaleza cualitativa, desarrollado junto a 13 personas con cáncer, por medio de una entrevista. En el período de junio a septiembre de 2017 fueron recolectados los datos y posteriormente sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Con los resultados se comprendieron los sentimientos desagradables que los pacientes con cáncer vivencian, y el reconocimiento de factores que influencian la resignificación de esta fase. Además se observaron las dificultades que atravesan la rutina de tratamiento y que comprometen las necesidades básicas de esos individuos. Consideraciones finales: Se comprendió que durante la vivencia del itinerario diagnóstico y terapéutico las personas con cáncer experimentan sentimientos negativos y muchas dificultades. Sin embargo algunos factores posibilitan la resignificación de la enfermedad y necesitan ser considerados por los profesionales de salud y gestores, para minimizar el impacto de la enfermedad durante esa jornada.

Abstract Objective: To understand the feelings and difficulties experienced by cancer patients in relation to the diagnostic and therapeutic itineraries. Methods: An exploratory study of a qualitative nature, developed with 13 people with cancer, through an interview. In the period from June to September of 2017 data were collected and later submitted to content analysis. Results: The results included the unpleasant feelings that patients with cancer experience, and the recognition of factors that influence the re-signification of this phase. In addition, we observed the difficulties that perpass the routine of treatment and that compromise the basic needs of these individuals. Final considerations: It was understood that during the experience of the diagnostic and therapeutic itinerary, people with cancer experience negative feelings and many difficulties. However, some factors make possible the resignification of the disease and need to be considered by health professionals and managers to minimize the impact of the disease during this journey.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender los sentimientos y dificultades vivenciadas por pacientes oncológicos frente a los itinerarios diagnóstico y terapéutico. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, de naturaleza cualitativa, desarrollado junto a 13 personas con cáncer, por medio de una entrevista. En el período de junio a septiembre de 2017 fueron recolectados los datos y posteriormente sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Con los resultados se comprendieron los sentimientos desagradables que los pacientes con cáncer vivencian, y el reconocimiento de factores que influencian la resignificación de esta fase. Además se observaron las dificultades que atravesan la rutina de tratamiento y que comprometen las necesidades básicas de esos individuos. Consideraciones finales: Se comprendió que durante la vivencia del itinerario diagnóstico y terapéutico las personas con cáncer experimentan sentimientos negativos y muchas dificultades. Sin embargo algunos factores posibilitan la resignificación de la enfermedad y necesitan ser considerados por los profesionales de salud y gestores, para minimizar el impacto de la enfermedad durante esa jornada.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender os sentimentos e dificuldades vivenciadas por pacientes oncológicos frente aos itinerários diagnóstico e terapêutico. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido junto a 13 pessoas com câncer, por meio de entrevista. No período de junho a setembro de 2017 foram coletados os dados e posteriormente submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Com os resultados compreendeu-se os sentimentos desagradáveis que os pacientes com câncer vivenciam, e o reconhecimento de fatores que influenciam a ressignificação dessa fase. Além disso observou-se as dificuldades que perpassam a rotina de tratamento e que comprometem as necessidades básicas desses indivíduos. Considerações finais: Compreendeu-se que durante a vivência do itinerário diagnóstico e terapêutico as pessoas com câncer experimentam sentimentos negativos e muitas dificuldades. Entretanto, alguns fatores possibilitam a ressignificação do adoecimento e necessitam ser considerados pelos profissionais de saúde e gestores para minimizar o impacto da doença durante essa jornada.

Abstract Introduction: Advances in modern medicine have led to people living longer and healthier lives. Frailty is an emerging concept in medicine yet to be explored as a risk factor in cardiac surgery. When it comes to CABG surgery, randomized controlled clinical trials have primarily focused on low-risk (ROOBY, CORONARY), elevated-risk (GOPCABE) or high-risk patients (BBS), but not on frail patients. Therefore, we believe that off-pump CABG could be an important technique in patients with limited functional capacity to respond to surgical stress. In this study, the authors introduce the new national, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial "FRAGILE", to be developed in the main cardiac surgery centers of Brazil, to clarify the potential benefit of off-pump CABG in frail patients. Methods: FRAGILE is a two-arm, parallel-group, multicentre, individually randomized (1:1) controlled trial which will enroll 630 patients with blinded outcome assessment (at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years), which aims to compare adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events after off-pump versus on-pump CABG in pre-frail and frail patients. Primary outcomes will be all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation, low cardiac output syndrome/cardiogenic shock, stroke, and coronary reintervention. Secondary outcomes will be major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, operative time, mechanical ventilation time, hyperdynamic shock, new onset of atrial fibrillation, renal replacement therapy, reoperation for bleeding, pneumonia, length of stay in intensive care unit, length of stay in hospital, number of units of blood transfused, graft patency, rate of complete revascularization, neurobehavioral outcomes after cardiac surgery, quality of life after cardiac surgery and costs. Discussion: FRAGILE trial will determine whether off-pump CABG is superior to conventional on-pump CABG in the surgical treatment of pre-frail and frail patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02338947. Registered on August 29th 2014; last updated on March 21st 2016.

Abstract Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for clinical studies that reported outcomes at 1-year follow-up after PCI with DES and CABG for the treatment of ULMCA stenosis. Five studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria and they included a total of 4.595 patients (2.298 for CABG and 2.297 for PCI with DES). Results: At 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference between CABG and DES groups concerning the risk for death (risk ratio [RR] 0.973, P=0.830), myocardial infarction (RR 0.694, P=0.148), stroke (RR 1.224, P=0.598), and major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events (RR 0.948, P=0.680). The risk for target vessel revascularization (TVR) was significantly lower in the CABG group compared to the DES group (RR 0.583, P<0.001). It was observed no publication bias regarding the outcomes, but only the outcome TVR was free from substantial statistical heterogeneity of the effects. In the meta-regression, there was evidence that the factor "female gender" modulated the effect regarding myocardial infarction rates, favoring the CABG strategy. Conclusion: CABG surgery remains the best option of treatment for patients with ULMCA disease, with lower TVR rates.

Abstract Objective: Deep sternal wound infection following coronary artery bypass grafting is a serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the substantial impact of deep sternal wound infection, there is a lack of specific risk stratification tools to predict this complication after coronary artery bypass grafting. This study was undertaken to develop a specific prognostic scoring system for the development of deep sternal wound infection that could risk-stratify patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and be applied right after the surgical procedure. Methods: Between March 2007 and August 2016, continuous, prospective surveillance data on deep sternal wound infection and a set of 27 variables of 1500 patients were collected. Using binary logistic regression analysis, we identified independent predictors of deep sternal wound infection. Initially we developed a predictive model in a subset of 500 patients. Dataset was expanded to other 1000 consecutive cases and a final model and risk score were derived. Calibration of the scores was performed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: The model had area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.729 (0.821 for preliminary dataset). Baseline risk score incorporated independent predictors of deep sternal wound infection: obesity (P=0.046; OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.11-6.68), diabetes (P=0.046; OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.12-6.63), smoking (P=0.008; OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.12-4.67), pedicled internal thoracic artery (P=0.012; OR 5.11; 95% CI 1.42-18.40), and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (P=0.042; OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.13-5.81). A risk stratification system was, then, developed. Conclusion: This tool effectively predicts deep sternal wound infection risk at our center and may help with risk stratification in relation to public reporting and targeted prevention strategies in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.