ABSTRACT In Cuba, newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) was introduced in January 2019. The results from the first three years of the CF NBS program are presented. An IRT/IRT protocol was followed using a cut-off value of 50 ng/mL. In this period 281,717 neonates were screened, 2,197 samples had increased IRT values, and a second sample was necessary (recall rate=0.78%). In 686 (0.24%) neonates, IRT was still elevated, and they were referred for clinical evaluation. Twenty-one children were confirmed by sweat test and molecular biology. Eighteen newborns presented variant F508del. A false negative case was reported. Demographic data of 32,764 neonates were collected. The average age of sampling was six days with results available at 11 days of life, but 1.7% of the samples were collected 20 days after birth. The mean IRT value was 12.7±11.7 ng/mL (ranging 0-283 ng/mL) with a calculated 98.5 percentile value of 42.4 ng/mL. On average, the samples were processed five days after collection and two days after they were received at the laboratory. Although CF NBS program in Cuba is just beginning, it can be predicted that CF will be one of the most frequent inherited-metabolic diseases in the Cuban population.

Resumo Fundamento: Embora a caminhada máxima e submáxima sejam recomendadas para pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP), a realização desses exercícios pode induzir diferentes respostas fisiológicas. Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos agudos de caminhada máxima e submáxima na função cardiovascular, a regulação e os processos fisiopatológicos associados pós-exercício em pacientes com DAP sintomática. Métodos: Trinta pacientes do sexo masculino foram submetidos a 2 sessões: caminhada máxima (protocolo de Gardner) e caminhada submáxima (15 períodos de 2 minutos de caminhada separados por 2 minutos de repouso ereto). Em cada sessão, foram medidos a pressão arterial (PA), a frequência cardíaca (FC), a modulação autonômica cardíaca (variabilidade da FC), os fluxos sanguíneos (FS) do antebraço e da panturrilha, a capacidade vasodilatadora (hiperemia reativa), o óxido nítrico (ON), o estresse oxidativo (a peroxidação lipídica) e a inflamação (quatro marcadores), pré e pós-caminhada. ANOVAs foram empregadas e p < 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: A PA sistólica e a PA média diminuíram após a sessão submáxima, mas aumentaram após a sessão máxima (interações, p < 0,001 para ambas). A PA diastólica não foi alterada após a sessão submáxima (p > 0,05), mas aumentou após a caminhada máxima (interação, p < 0,001). A FC, o equilíbrio simpatovagal e os FS aumentaram de forma semelhante após as duas sessões (momento, p < 0,001, p = 0,04 e p < 0,001, respectivamente), enquanto a capacidade vasodilatadora, o ON e o estresse oxidativo permaneceram inalterados (p > 0,05). As moléculas de adesão vascular e intercelular aumentaram de forma semelhante após as sessões de caminhada máxima e submáxima (momento, p = 0,001). Conclusões: Nos pacientes com a DAP sintomática, a caminhada submáxima, mas não a máxima, reduziu a PA pós-exercício, enquanto a caminhada máxima manteve a sobrecarga cardíaca elevada durante o período de recuperação. Por outro lado, as sessões de caminhada máxima e submáxima aumentaram a FC, o equilíbrio simpatovagal cardíaco e a inflamação pós-exercício de forma semelhante, enquanto não alteraram a biodisponibilidade de ON e o estresse oxidativo pós-exercício.

Abstract Background: Although maximal and submaximal walking are recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), performing these exercises may induce different physiological responses. Objectives: To compare the acute effects of maximal and submaximal walking on post-exercise cardiovascular function, regulation, and associated pathophysiological processes in patients with symptomatic PAD. Methods: Thirty male patients underwent 2 sessions: maximal walking (Gardner's protocol) and submaximal walking (15 bouts of 2 minutes of walking separated by 2 minutes of upright rest). In each session, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac autonomic modulation (HR variability), forearm and calf blood flows (BF), vasodilatory capacity (reactive hyperemia), nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), and inflammation (four markers) were measured pre- and post-walking. ANOVAs were employed, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Systolic and mean BP decreased after the submaximal session, but they increased after the maximal session (interactions, p < 0.001 for both). Diastolic BP did not change after the submaximal session (p > 0.05), and it increased after maximal walking (interaction, p < 0.001). HR, sympathovagal balance, and BF increased similarly after both sessions (moment, p < 0.001, p = 0.04, and p < 0.001, respectively), while vasodilatory capacity, NO, and oxidative stress remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules increased similarly after both maximal and submaximal walking sessions (moment, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with symptomatic PAD, submaximal, but not maximal walking reduced post-exercise BP, while maximal walking maintained elevated cardiac overload during the recovery period. On the other hand, maximal and submaximal walking sessions similarly increased post-exercise HR, cardiac sympathovagal balance, and inflammation, while they did not change post-exercise NO bioavailability and oxidative stress.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a produção ambiental da malária nos municípios de Marabá, Parauapebas e Canaã dos Carajás, no Pará, entre 2014 e 2018. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico e transversal a partir de dados epidemiológicos do Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária, da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará. Foram utilizados também dados cartográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e ambientais do projeto TerraClass, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). As análises estatísticas utilizaram o cálculo de percentuais e o teste qui-quadrado e as espaciais as técnicas de Kernel e de Moran global bivariado (I). RESULTADOS Foram analisados 437 casos confirmados de malária, na área e periodo de estudo. O maior percentual de casos ocorreu em indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos, morador da zona rural, com atividades de garimpagem e agropecuária, sendo o Plasmodium vivax a espécie de maior frequência e o diagnóstico mais utilizado a gota espessa/esfregaço. A distribuição da malária não ocorreu de forma homogênea, com evidências de dependência espacial entre áreas com ocorrência de casos e diferentes tipos de uso da terra. Foram observadas também autocorrelações espaciais relacionadas à alta variabilidade dos tipos antropismos, ocorrida nos municípios. CONCLUSÃO A produção ambiental da malária está associada principalmente à pastagem e à mineração, antropismos relacionados às formas de uso e ocupação da terra nos municípios estudados. As tecnologias de análises de dados espaciais em saúde foram satisfatórias para a construção do cenário epidemiológico da doença.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the environmental production of malaria in the municipalities of Marabá, Parauapebas, and Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará, from 2014 to 2018. METHODS This ecological, cross-sectional study used epidemiological data in the Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária (Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System) from the Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará (State of Pará Health Department), cartographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and environmental data in the Projeto TerraClass (TerraClass Project) from the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Statistical analyses used the chi-square test, while the spatial ones, the kernel and Moran’s (I) global bivariate techniques. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 437 confirmed cases of malaria in the selected area and period. The highest percentage of cases occurred among male miners and farmers, living in rural areas; Plasmodium vivax was the most frequent species; and the most used diagnosis, the thick drop/smear. We also observed a heterogeneous distribution of the disease — with evidence of spatial dependence between incidence areas and different forms of land use, and spatial autocorrelations related to the high variability of anthropic activities in the municipalities. CONCLUSION The environmental production of malaria relates mainly to cattle production and mining — anthropisms related to land use and occupation in the observed municipalities. Spatial data analysis technologies sufficed for the construction of the epidemiological scenario of the disease.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a produção ambiental da malária nos municípios de Marabá, Parauapebas e Canaã dos Carajás, no Pará, entre 2014 e 2018. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico e transversal a partir de dados epidemiológicos do Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária, da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará. Foram utilizados também dados cartográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e ambientais do projeto TerraClass, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). As análises estatísticas utilizaram o cálculo de percentuais e o teste qui-quadrado e as espaciais as técnicas de Kernel e de Moran global bivariado (I). RESULTADOS Foram analisados 437 casos confirmados de malária, na área e periodo de estudo. O maior percentual de casos ocorreu em indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos, morador da zona rural, com atividades de garimpagem e agropecuária, sendo o Plasmodium vivax a espécie de maior frequência e o diagnóstico mais utilizado a gota espessa/esfregaço. A distribuição da malária não ocorreu de forma homogênea, com evidências de dependência espacial entre áreas com ocorrência de casos e diferentes tipos de uso da terra. Foram observadas também autocorrelações espaciais relacionadas à alta variabilidade dos tipos antropismos, ocorrida nos municípios. CONCLUSÃO A produção ambiental da malária está associada principalmente à pastagem e à mineração, antropismos relacionados às formas de uso e ocupação da terra nos municípios estudados. As tecnologias de análises de dados espaciais em saúde foram satisfatórias para a construção do cenário epidemiológico da doença.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the environmental production of malaria in the municipalities of Marabá, Parauapebas, and Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará, from 2014 to 2018. METHODS This ecological, cross-sectional study used epidemiological data in the Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária (Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System) from the Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará (State of Pará Health Department), cartographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and environmental data in the Projeto TerraClass (TerraClass Project) from the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Statistical analyses used the chi-square test, while the spatial ones, the kernel and Moran’s (I) global bivariate techniques. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 437 confirmed cases of malaria in the selected area and period. The highest percentage of cases occurred among male miners and farmers, living in rural areas; Plasmodium vivax was the most frequent species; and the most used diagnosis, the thick drop/smear. We also observed a heterogeneous distribution of the disease — with evidence of spatial dependence between incidence areas and different forms of land use, and spatial autocorrelations related to the high variability of anthropic activities in the municipalities. CONCLUSION The environmental production of malaria relates mainly to cattle production and mining — anthropisms related to land use and occupation in the observed municipalities. Spatial data analysis technologies sufficed for the construction of the epidemiological scenario of the disease.

RESUMO: O Brasil se destaca na produção de soja, sendo o maior exportador e o segundo maior produtor do grão e a maior parte é cultivado em sistema plantio direto (SPD). Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da compactação, cultivo e quantidades de palha de aveia preta na superfície do solo sobre o crescimento e o rendimento de grãos de soja em SPD em terras baixas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos, nas safras 2016/17 e 2017/18, foram: 1) Pousio no inverno sem compactação (WF); 2) Pousio no inverno + compactação (WF-C); 3) Aveia preta e retirada da palha superficial + compactação (0R-C); 4) Aveia e retirada da metade da palha + compactação (0,5R-C); 5) Aveia + permanência da palhada + compactação (1R-C); 6) Aveia + a palha retirada do tratamento 3 (2 doses palha) + compactação (2R-C); 7) Aveia + permanência da palha, sem compactação (1R). No estádio fenológico R2 a soja foram avaliadas a massa seca de nódulos e de raízes, massa seca e nitrogênio da parte aérea, altura de plantas e produtividade de grãos. No solo foram avaliadas propriedades físicas nas camadas de 0,0-0,05; 0,10-0,15 e 0,20-0,25 m. A produção de massa seca da parte aérea de soja é > 38% em solo não compactado em ano com excesso hídrico independente da quantidade de palha de aveia na superfície. Em ano com pequeno déficit hídrico os tratamentos com mais palha produziram > 5% de massa seca da parte aérea e > 4% de grãos de soja, independente da compactação. O crescimento e o rendimento de grãos de soja em terras baixas oscilam de acordo com as condições hídricas, sendo influenciada pela compactação e quantidade de palha superficial.

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest exporter and second largest producer of soybean grains. Most of this production is from plants grown under no-tillage system (NT). This research evaluated the effect of soil compaction, and different amounts of black oat residues on the soil surface on soybean growth and grain yield in lowland under NT. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications, in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of: 1) winter fallow without soil compaction (WF); 2) winter fallow with soil compaction (WF-C); 3) black oats and complete removal of surface residues, with soil compaction (0R-C); 4) black oats and removal half of surface residues, with soil compaction (0.5R-C); 5) black oats without surface residue removal, with soil compaction (1R-C); 6) black oats without surface residue removal, plus the residues from treatment 3, with soil compaction (2R-C); 7) black oats without surface residue removal, without soil compaction (1R). When the soybean plants were at the phenological stage R2, they were evaluated nodule, root and shoot dry matter, nitrogen contents, plant height, and grain yield. The soil physical properties were evaluated in the 0.0-0.05, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m layers. The soybean aerial dry matter is > 38% in non-compacted soil in year with soil water excess, regardless of the amount of surface oat straw. In year with small water deficit, soil with more surface oat straw produced > 5% shoot dry matter and > 4% of soybean grain, regardless of compaction. The plant growth and grain yield soybean in lowland varied according to the water conditions, and were affected by soil compaction and amounts of black oats residues on soil surface.

Abstract In agroforestry systems (SAF), accurate measurement of the textural degree allows infering about the importance of otherphysical properties of the soils with functions in their ecosystem regulations in a season of low precipitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the texture by the pipette and Bouyoucos methods in an Oxisol from Piedemonte Llanero in the dry season, in different uses and soil management: monoculture of Guanábana Annona muricata L. (MG) and monoculture of banana Musa paradisiaca (MP) with intensive agriculture, conventional and reduced tillage, respectively; compared to the agroforestry system (SAF) of cocoa Theobroma cacao L. associated with yopo Anadenanthera peregrina L. and acacia Acacia mangium Willd. (SAFC) and SAF of coffee Coffea arabica L. associated with banana M. paradisiaca (SAFCF) with zero tillage and conservation practices. The experiment was installed in an unrestricted random design (DIA) in a factorial arrangement (2 textural methods x 4 land uses) in 4 replications. The data from the evaluations were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was observed that the sand and clay fractions were influenced by the land uses and the determination methods and their interaction, while the silt fraction only by the analytical method. In agroforestry systems, when evaluating the texture by Bouyoucos, the finest fraction of the soil corresponding to clay and silt is underestimated, and the sand fraction is overestimated. Being associated with loamy-sandy soils, hence the pipette method was more efficient in specifying these fractions, and they were associated with loamy soils, with a better textural balance, contributing to better regulation of the physicochemical properties in the SAFs.

Resumen En los sistemas agroforestales (SAF), una medición precisa del grado textural permite inferir la importancia de otras propiedades físicas de los suelos con funciones en sus regulaciones ecosistémicas en épocas de baja precipitación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la textura por los métodos de pipeta y Bouyoucos en un oxisol de Piedemonte Llanero en época seca, en diferentes usos y manejo de suelos: monocultivo de guanábana Annona muricata L. (MG) y monocultivo de plátano Musa paradisiaca (MP) con agricultura intensiva, labranza convencional y reducida, respectivamente, comparados con sistema agroforestal (SAF) de cacao Theobroma cacao L. asociado con yopo Anadenanthera peregrina L. y acacia Acacia mangium Willd. (SAFC) y SAF de café Coffea arabica L. asociado con plátano M. paradisiaca (SAFCF) con cero labranza y prácticas de conservación. El experimento fue instalado en un diseño irrestrictamente al azar (DIA) en arreglo factorial (2 métodos texturales x 4 usos del suelo) en 4 repeticiones. Los datos de las evaluaciones fueron sometidos a análisis de variancia y las medias fueron comparadas por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. Se observó que las fracciones arena y arcilla estuvieron influenciadas por los usos del suelo y los métodos de determinación y su interacción, en tanto que la fracción limo solo por el método analítico. En los sistemas agro-forestales, al evaluarse la textura por Bouyoucos se subestima la fracción más fina del suelo correspondiente a arcilla y limo, y sobreestima la fracción gruesa, y están asociados con suelos franco-arenosos. De ahí que el método de pipeta fue más eficiente al precisar estas fracciones y se asociaron con suelos francos, con un mejor balance textural, contribuyendo a una mejor regulación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas en los SAF.

Abstract Sugarcane crop conventional tillage has been replaced by deep soil preparation with few studies about its effect on soil quality and sustainability. The aim of this study was to assess structural volumes ina dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol subjected to conventional tillage (CT) and deep localized soil tillage (DLST) to verify how the microbiological parameters were affected. The study was conducted in a soil derived from the Caiuá Sandstone formation in Brazil. Four trenches were dug for each soil tillage system to describe the cultural profile and evaluate carbon microbial biomass (CMB) and nitrogen (NMB), basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2). CT profiles exhibited a predominance of cracked soil volumes, medium-sized and large compact clods with some porosity, and continuous volumes with no cracks and of intermediate porosity. DLST profiles were predominantly free-soil volume with no cohesion and porous in appearance, and compact, cohesive volumes with no porosity visible. The highest levels of CMB and NMB were in the cracked soil under CT. Higher microbial activity indicated by BR and qCO2 were in the free powdery soil under DLST. Soil pulverization caused by DLST could cause serious consequences on soil functionality, boosting erosion, and metabolic stress in the microbiota.

Abstract Objective: To compare the effects of extended- versus short-time noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on pulmonary function, tissue perfusion, and clinical outcomes in the early postoperative period following coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with preserved left ventricular function. Methods: Patients were randomized into two groups according to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation intensity: short-time noninvasive positive pressure ventilation n=20 (S-NPPV) and extended-time noninvasive positive pressure ventilation n=21 (E-NPPV). S-NPPV was applied for 60 minutes during immediate postoperative period and 10 minutes, twice daily, from postoperative days 1-5. E-NPPV was performed for at least six hours during immediate postoperative period and 60 minutes, twice daily, from postoperative days 1-5. As a primary outcome, tissue perfusion was determined by central venous oxygen saturation and blood lactate level measured after anesthetic induction, immediately after extubation and following noninvasive positive pressure ventilation protocols. As a secondary outcome, pulmonary function tests were performed preoperatively and in the postoperative days 1, 3, and 5; clinical outcomes were recorded. Results: Significant drop in blood lactate levels and an improvement in central venous oxygen saturation values in the E-NPPV group were observed when compared with S-NPPV group after study protocol (P<0.01). The E-NPPV group presented higher preservation of postoperative pulmonary function as well as lower incidence of respiratory events and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P<0.05). Conclusion: Prophylactic E-NPPV administered in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass surgery resulted in greater improvements in tissue perfusion, pulmonary function and clinical outcomes than S-NPPV, in patients with preserved left ventricular function. Trial Registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical trial - RBR7sqj78 - http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br

ABSTRACT Introduction After the diagnosis of transsexualism is confirmed therapy commences with psychotherapeutic preparation for the conversion, and after conversion, long-term patient rehabilitation is maintained for at least two years. The indication for surgery is chronic discomfort caused by discord with the patient's natural gender, intense dislike of developing secondary sex characteristics and the onset of puberty. The surgical conversion of transsexuals is the main step in the complex care of these problematic patients (1). This surgery was first described by Benjamin H, using a flap of inverted penile skin (2) and is considered the gold standard since then. Male-to-female transsexual surgical techniques are well defined and give good cosmetic and functional results. Sex reassignment surgery promotes the improvement of psychological aspects and social relationships as shown in the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment applied in the patients submitted to this procedure (3). Techniques include the creation of a normal appearing female introitus, a vaginoplasty allowing sexual intercourse and the capability of clitoral orgasm (4). Various methods for neovaginoplasty have been described and can be classified into five categories, i.e. pedicled intestinal transplants, penile skin grafts, penile skin flaps, non-genital skin flaps and non-genital skin grafts (5). In our Hospital, we use penile and scrotal skin flaps. Until now, 174 procedures have been performed by our team using this technique with high rates of satisfaction (3). Patients and methods We present a step-by-step male to female transsexual surgery. Conclusion Surgical gender reassignment of male transsexuals resulted in replicas of female genitalia which enabled coitus with orgasm (1). With this video we show step by step that a surgery using penile skin flaps is able to be performed with good cosmetic results.

Resumo Introdução As diretrizes sobre rinite alergica visam atualizar os conhecimentos sobre a doença e os cuidados para com esses pacientes. A iniciativa designada "Rinite Alergica e seu Impacto na Asma", cujo relatorio inicial foi publicado em 2001 e atualizada em 2008 e 2010, tem sido muito bem sucedida na disseminaçao de informaçoes e evidencias, bem como na formulaçao da classificaçao de gravidade e proposta de sistematizaçao do tratamento. Entretanto, visando a participaçao de outros profissionais medicos no atendimento da rinite alergica, e importante o desenvolvimento de algoritmos que indiquem com precisao o que deve e pode ser feito regionalmente. Objetivo Atualizar o III Consenso Brasileiro sobre Rinites-2012, com elaboraçao de algoritmo para conduta da rinite alergica. Método Foram convidados 24 especialistas indicados pelas Associaçao Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia, Associaçao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial e Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria para atualizaçao do documento de 2012. Resultados A atualizaçao do ultimo Consenso Brasileiro sobre Rinites, incorporou e adaptou para a realidade brasileira as informaçoes relevantes publicadas em todos os documentos da Iniciativa "Rinite Alergica e seu Impacto na Asma", trazendo novos conceitos como a rinite alergica local, novos medicamentos e metodos de avaliaçao de tratamento. Conclusão Proposto um fluxograma de tratamento para a rinite alergica.

Abstract Introduction The guidelines on allergic rhinitis aim to update knowledge about the disease and care for affected patients. The initiative called "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma", initially published in 2001 and updated in 2008 and 2010, has been very successful in disseminating information and evidence, as well as providing a classification of severity and proposing a systemized treatment protocol. In order to include the participation of other medical professionals in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, it is important to develop algorithms that accurately indicate what should and can be done regionally. Objective To update the III Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis - 2012, with the creation of an algorithm for allergic rhinitis management. Methods We invited 24 experts nominated by the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology, Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics to update the 2012 document. Results The update of the last Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis incorporated and adapted the relevant information published in all "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma" Initiative documents to the Brazilian scenario, bringing new concepts such as local allergic rhinitis, new drugs and treatment evaluation methods. Conclusion A flowchart for allergic rhinitis treatment has been proposed.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective of C. guianensis oil against MMC and CP, which are direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, using the micronucleus test. Three experiments were performed. First the C. guianensis oil was co-administered to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw with 4 mg/kg bw MMC or 50 mg/kg bw CP. Second, the mutagenic drug (CP) was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw and after 6 and 12 hours 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were administered. In the last, C. guianensis oil was administrated (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) during five days and after it was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw CP. The results obtained showed that the C. guianensis oil is not cytotoxic neither genotoxic to mouse bone marrow. Regarding the antimutagenic effect, all doses of C. guianensis oil were significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, our results suggest that the C. guianensis oil shows medicinal potential as an antimutagenic agent, modulating the mutagenicity caused by both direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, in a mammalian model.

RESUMO Neste estudo foram analisadas as propriedades físico-químicas e fotofísicas do óleo essencial de Curcuma longa, bem como seu potencial angiogênico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a curcumina é o principal componente fluorescente, mas está presente em pequena quantidade no óleo essencial. O método experimental da membrana corioalantóide foi empregado para avaliar a atividade angiogênica do óleo e foi observado um aumento significativo na rede vascular nos grupos submetidos ao óleo de Curcuma longa e controle positivo, quando comparado com os grupos controle negativo e inibidor (P <0,05), mas não houve diferenças significativas entre o grupo tratado com óleo de Curcuma longa e o controle positivo (P >0,05). A análise histológica mostrou maior neovascularização, hiperemia e elementos inflamatórios nos grupos controle positivo e Curcuma longa quando comparado aos demais grupos controles (P <0,05), fatores característicos do processo de angiogênese. Em conclusão, o óleo de Curcuma longa mostrou uma considerável atividade pró-angiogênica e pode ser um composto com potencial aplicações médicas.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the physicochemical and photophysical properties of essential oil of Curcuma longa and its angiogenic potential. The results showed that curcumin is the main fluorescent component present in the oil, although the amount is relatively small. The experimental chorioallantoic membrane model was used to evaluate angiogenic activity, showing a significant increase in the vascular network of Curcuma longa and positive control groups when compared to the neutral and inhibitor controls (P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between Curcuma longa essential oil and the positive control (P >0.05). Histological analysis showed extensive neovascularization, hyperemia and inflammation in the positive control group and Curcuma longa when compared to other controls (P <0.05), characteristic factors of the angiogenesis process. In conclusion, Curcuma longa oil showed considerable proangiogenic activity and could be a potential compound in medical applications.

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar, em condições laboratoriais, o coeficiente de descarga (Cd) dos emissores fixos tipo “spray” (Senninger, Nelson e Fabrimar) utilizados em equipamentos pivô central no Brasil. Foram avaliados 45 bocais Senninger, 42 bocais Nelson e 36 bocais Fabrimar, com três repetições, totalizando 369 bocais ensaiados. As pressões de funcionamento variaram entre 6 e 30 PSI (41,37 a 206,84 kPa), com intervalo de leitura a cada 2 PSI (13,79 kPa), totalizando 13 pressões analisadas por bocal. Foram ajustadas as curvas do coeficiente de descarga em função do diâmetro de bocal, para quatro pressões de operação: 10; 15; 20 e 30 PSI (68,95; 103,42; 137,90 e 206,84 kPa). Utilizou-se de dois manômetros de precisão (analógico e digital) previamente calibrados em um manômetro de peso morto. As vazões foram obtidas utilizando três medidores eletromagnético-indutivos, calibrados em recipiente volumétrico. O diâmetro dos bocais foi mensurado através de uma ampliação em projetor de perfil da marca Starrett, modelo HB 400. Os resultados evidenciaram que o coeficiente de descarga varia em função da pressão e do diâmetro do bocal. Nos ensaios conduzidos, obtiveram-se Cds compreendidos na faixa de 0,88 a 0,98 para a faixa de emissores analisados.

This study aimed to determine the discharge coefficients (Cd) of sprinkler fixed-nozzles (Senninger, Nelson and Fabrimar), used in Brazilian center-pivot equipment, under laboratory conditions. These tests used the pressure range standard existing in the nozzle market (psi). A set of 45 Senninger, 42 Nelson and 36 Fabrimar nozzles were assessed, with three replications, in a total of 369 tested nozzles. Operating pressures ranged from 6 to 30 psi (41.37 to 206.84 kPa), with a reading gap of 2 psi (13.79 kPa), totaling 13 measures for nozzle. Discharge coefficient curves were drawn as function of nozzle size and operating pressures, which were 10, 15, 20, and 30 psi (68.95, 103.42, 137.90 and 206.84 kPa). Two precision pressure gauges (one analog and one digital) were used; being calibrated against a dead weight gauge. Flow rates were obtained using three electromagnetic induction gauges calibrated with volumetric data. Nozzle diameters were measured using a profile projector Model HB 400 (Starrett, São Paulo, Brazil). The results evidenced that discharge coefficient varies with nozzle diameter and operating pressure. Tests showed Cds within the range of 0.88 to 0.98, for the assessed nozzles.

Aspectos relacionados à epidemiologia de infestações pelo ácaro Megniniaginglymura foram estudados com o objetivo de determinar os principais fatores para a ocorrência desse ectoparasito em galinhas poedeiras de granjas comerciais no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Um estudo observacional, analítico e seccional foi realizado para verificar os principais fatores de risco ou proteção para as infestações. Quatrocentos e trinta e um galpões distribuídos em quarenta e três granjas foram visitados, no ano de 2012. Em relação às granjas, 17 (39,53%) possuíam aves infestadas por M. ginglymura e uma (2,32%) apresentou galinhas infestadas por Megninia cubitalis. Os aspectos epidemiológicos para a ocorrência de M. ginglymura foram investigados, utilizando-se modelos de regressão logística múltipla. A organização dos galpões nas granjas foi verificada como um importante fator de proteção envolvido na epidemiologia dessa espécie (Razão de Chances=0,85). A presença de criações de galinhas de subsistência dentro das instalações das granjas ou nas proximidades (Razão de Chances =3,92) foi caracterizada como um fator de risco para a ocorrência de infestações. O uso de óleo mineral foi considerado um fator de proteção contra infestações por M. ginglymura. Algumas regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais foram caracterizadas como de maior risco do que outras para infestações por esse ácaro.

Aspects related to the epidemiology of Megninia ginglymura were studied, in order to determine predisposing factors for the ocurrence in layer chicken houses of commercial farms in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An observational, cross-sectional, analytical survey was conducted for identifying major risks or protection factors for infestations. Four hundred thirty-one houses located in forty-three farms were visited in 2012. Regarding the farms, 17 (39.53%) had chickens infested by M. ginglymura and 1 (2.32%) presented Megninia cubitalis. The epidemiological aspects of the occurrence of M. ginglymura were investigated using multiple logistic regression models. The chicken house organization was an important protection factor involved in the occurrence of M. ginglymura (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85). The presence of subsistence breedings of poultry within the premises or at the proximity of a farm was characterized as a risk factor for the occurrence of infestations (OR = 3.92). The use of mineral oil (OR = 0.16) was considered protective against new infestations. Some regions of the state were characterized by a higher risk for mite infestation than others.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sintomas relacionados à asma, à rinite e ao eczema atópico em adolescentes (13-14 anos, AD) residentes em sete cidades brasileiras com o questionário escrito (QE) padronizado do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (Isaac) e verificar a tendência temporal passados nove anos da última avaliação do Isaac fase 3 (ISF3). MÉTODOS: O QE Isaac foi respondido por 20.099 AD (13-14 anos) moradores em centros das regiões Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul. Os índices obtidos foram comparados aos do ISF3 com o teste não paramétrico (qui-quadrado ou Fisher) e foi estabelecida a taxa de incremento/decremento anual para cada um dos centros segundo o sintoma avaliado. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao ISF3, considerando-se os dados nacionais, houve queda da prevalência média de asma ativa (18,5% vs. 17,5%) com elevação da frequência de asma grave (4,5% vs. 4,7%) e de asma diagnosticada por médico (14,3% vs. 17,6%). Aumento da prevalência de rinite e rinoconjuntivite e de eczema flexural também ocorreram. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma, rinite e eczema atópico no Brasil foi variável. Valores mais altos, sobretudo de asma e eczema, foram observados nos centros localizados mais próximos ao Equador.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in adolescents (AD; 13-14 years) living in seven Brazilian cities, by applying the standardized written questionnaire (WQ) of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), and to evaluate the time trend nine years after the last assessment of ISAAC phase 3 (ISP3). METHODS: The ISAAC-WQ was answered by 20,099 AD from the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions. Values obtained were compared to those observed in ISP3 using nonparametric (chi-squared or Fisher) tests, and the ratio of annual increment/decrement was established for each of the centers, according to the symptom assessed. RESULTS: Considering the national data and comparing to values of ISP3, there was a decrease in the mean prevalence of active asthma (18.5% vs. 17.5%) and an increase in the frequency of severe asthma (4.5% vs. 4.7%) and physician-diagnosed asthma (14.3% vs. 17.6%). An increase in prevalence of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in Brazil was variable; higher prevalence values, especially of asthma and eczema, were observed in regions located closer to the Equator.