Quinones and organochalcogens are classes of compounds with great biological applicability, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-Alzheimer, and antidepressant activities, among others. Thus, the combination of these two classes of compounds is important to obtain new hits with biological activities that are additive or synergistic. Several methodologies for the preparation of this class of hybrid compound have been widely described. Many of the prepared hybrid molecules have shown increased biological activities and, in some cases, to act as two distinct pharmacophores. In this review, methods for the preparation of selenium-quinones, tellurium-quinones and their biological applications are highlighted.

Abstract The present study was based on the analysis of 10,467 trawls of the industrial piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii) fishing fleet of the Brazilian state of Pará, which were mapped by onboard GPS loggers (between February 2008 and September 2011) and the PREPS data from 40 vessels which were tracked by this system between 2008 and 2011. The variation in the mean monthly CPUE, based on Lomb’s periodogram, revealed a well-defined and constant cycle with a duration of approximately one year. Three environmental factors influenced this cycle. The El Niño 3.4 index had a negative correlation with the CPUE of the piramutaba fishery, with a time lag of 15 months, while monthly rainfall and the mean discharge of the Amazon River correlated strongly (r=0.89 and 0.87, respectively; p<0.001) with the CPUE, with time lags of 12 and 11 months, respectively. The spatiotemporal analysis of the distribution of the activity of the piramutaba fishing fleet indicated that the most intense area of operation of the fleet lies between latitudes 00º N and 02° N, and longitudes 047º40’ W and 049º40’ W. This area was divided into four geographic quadrants, although fishery operations were concentrated in only three of these quadrants. The study proposed a quadrimester fishing cycle with zoning in three of the quadrants, where fishing would be permitted for four months (occupation period), followed by an 8-month rest period for the recuperation of stocks, aiming at the sustainability of this fishing exploration.

The compound 1,4-pentadien-3-one,(1E,4E)-1,5-diphenyl-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone presents the molecular formula C23H18N4O4 and was prepared in an undergraduate laboratory. The hydrazone was synthesized from the condensation between dibenzalacetone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and crystallized employing water/acetone liquid-liquid diffusion. The structure presents three aromatic rings connected by an unsaturated Y-shaped system. Dinitro substituted and one of the other aromatic rings are 15º out of a coplanarity, while the other phenyl group is almost orthogonal to the first (89º). The only observed classical hydrogen bonding is an intramolecular N-H···O. The supramolecular structure was analyzed employing the Hirshfeld surface and that is organized through C-H···O hydrogen bond and C-H···π, polar-π, and π-stacking. An interaction involving NO2···NO2 was also observed.

A amêndoa de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), é uma importante fonte de nutrientes e uma alternativa culinária para a confeção de diversos pratos e inserção em dietas saudáveis. O seu uso e comercialização contribui para a preservação do bioma Cerrado, porém a falta de estudos e conhecimento inerentes à sua conservação no período pós-colheita pode limitar a sua utilização e conduzir a relevantes perdas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas e químicas na qualidade e conservação das amêndoas de baru in natura. Foram avaliados o ganho de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis totais, pH e acidez titulável de amêndoas, em 5 tipos de embalagens: polipropileno (PP), cloreto de polivinila + poliestireno expandido (PVC + EPS), polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), polietileno tereftalato (PET) e controle), armazenadas em B.O.D. a 10±2°C. A embalagem PP apresentou os menores valores de ganho de massa e de acidez titulável. As embalagens PP e PVC + EPS obtiveram valores superiores às demais para pH no final do armazenamento, não sendo constatada variação significativa para a firmeza durante o armazenamento. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que amêndoas de baru in natura podem ser conservadas por refrigeração durante 42 dias, sendo que, dentre as embalagens estudadas, as que apresentaram os parâmetros mais favoráveis foram PP e PVC + EPS.

The almond of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is an important source of nutrients and a culinary alternative for making healthy dishes and diets. Its use and archiving for conservation of the Cerrado biome, but a failure of studies and practices inherent to its life in case of exclusion can limit its use and lead to damages to knowledge. In this way, the present work had as objective to evaluate as physical and technical characteristics in the quality and conservation of uncooked baru almonds. It was evaluated the mass gain, firmness, total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity of almonds in 5 types of condensation polyethylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride + expanded polystyrene (PVC + EPS), low density polyethylene (LDPE) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and control) stored in BOD at 10 ± 2 ° C. The PP packaging is composed of small values of mass gain and titratable acidity. The PP and PVC + EPS packages obtained values similar to and higher than the pH values without end of departure, and no significant change was observed for a firmness during storage. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in-kind clay almonds can be preserved by refrigeration for 42 days. Among the packages studied, the most favorable are PP and PVC + EPS.

RESUMO O baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) é uma espécie arbórea que faz parte do grupo de espécies nativas do cerrado, e ocorre principalmente no Brasil Central, sendo valorizada por suas diversas utilizações. O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar a cinética de secagem do mesocarpo dos frutos de baru, realizar a análise das propriedades termodinâmicas, bem como avaliar o efeito da secagem na cor da farinha produzida a partir do mesocarpo. O mesocarpo dos frutos de baru foi disposto em bandejas de aço inox e submetido à secagem a 40, 50, 60 e 70 ºC em estufa com circulação forçada até atingir o teor de água de 0,12 base seca (b.s.). Posteriormente, os dados experimentais da secagem foram ajustados aos modelos matemáticos frequentemente utilizados, e após a secagem, foi avaliada a cor. Concluiu-se que o modelo Wang e Singh foi selecionado para representar as curvas de secagem do mesocarpo de baru. Para as propriedades termodinâmicas, com o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem, os valores de entropia e entalpia decrescem, enquanto a energia livre de Gibbs aumenta. Quanto à cor, os resultados apresentaram que com o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem, ocorre alteração na cor, indicando perda no aspecto qualitativo.

ABSTRACT Baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) is a tree species that is part of the group of native species of the Cerrado and occurs mainly in Central Brazil, being valued for its various uses. Thus, the present work was carried out with the objective of studying the kinetics of drying of the mesocarp of baru fruits, performing the analysis of the thermodynamic properties, as well as evaluating the effect of drying on the color of the flour produced from the mesocarp. The mesocarp of baru fruits was placed in stainless steel trays, and dried at 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC in a forced circulation oven until the moisture content of 0.12 dry basis (d.b.) was reached. Subsequently, the experimental data of the drying were adjusted with the mathematical models frequently used, and color was evaluated after the drying. It is concluded that the Wang & Singh model was selected to represent the drying curves of the baru mesocarp. For the thermodynamic properties, with increasing drying air temperature, the entropy and enthalpy values decreased while the Gibbs free energy increased. Regarding color, the results showed that with the increase of drying air temperature, there is a change in color, which indicates loss in the qualitative aspect.

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the protective effect of L-Glutamine in animals undergone to ventral radiation when the target organ is not the prostate. Materials and Methods Wistar rats were divided into groups of 10 animals each: Controls (C), maintained under standard conditions and not exposed to radiation, Radiated group (R) undergone to abdominal radiation only and Radiated plus supplemented by L-glutamine group (R+G). The animals of group R+G were supplemented with L-glutamine at the beginning of the experiment until death in the 22nd day. The ventral prostate was dissected and processed for morphometrical analysis. The epithelial height, collagen density and acinar area were objectively assessed in histological sections. Results Epithelial height was significantly reduced in R group in comparison to C group (p= 0.005). However, there was no statistical difference between the C and R+G groups. Collagen surface density in the C and R groups were not statistically different, but a significant difference was observed when comparing groups R+G and R (p= 0.040). The R+G group values did not differ significantly from C group. The acinar prostate area of group R was similar to that of C (p= 0.971), but in R+G it was significantly reduced when compared with the C (p= 0.038) and R (p= 0.001) groups. Conclusions Pelvic radiation promotes structural modifications in ventral prostate of rats, which can be reduced by L-Glutamine.