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Silage Quality of two energy-cane cultivars produced with different additives
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SILVA, Vanderli Luciano da

; FREITAS, Paulo Vitor Divino Xavier de

; FRANÇA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza

; FERREIRA, Reginaldo Nassar

; OLIVEIRA, Leonardo Guimarães de

; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena

; REBOUÇAS, Geovanne Ferreira

; SILVA NETO, Carlos de Melo e

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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2022, Volume 23 elocation e202100432022

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a qualidade da silagem de duas cultivares de cana-de-energia (Saccharumspontaneum) produzidas com diferentes aditivos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 × 5 de tratamentos composto por duas cultivares (VG3, VG1126) e quatro aditivos (1% uréia; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; e 1,0 × 1011 UFC g -1 de Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + controle, com oito repetições. Foram utilizados minisilos experimentais, os quais foram abertos 72 dias após a ensilagem. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), matéria orgânica (MO), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e degradabilidade da silagem foram avaliados. Identificou-se efeito de interação significativo entre cultivar e tipo de aditivo para MS, PB, EE, FDN. ADF. As porcentagens de matéria orgânica e mineral foram semelhantes entre as duas cultivares. LP foi o aditivo menos benéfico para a degradação da MS. Após 72 h de fermentação, a degradação in vitro da FDN da cultivar VG3 aumentou devido à uréia, NaOH e CaO, enquanto a degradação da cultivar VG1126 diminuiu quando inoculada com LP ou CaO. O NaOH e o CaO melhoraram a degradabilidade da silagem, melhorando assim sua qualidade. O uso da LP no presente estudo não beneficiou a silagem para cultivares de cana-de-energia. O uso de NaOH e CaO melhora a qualidade da silagem, duas variedades de energia da cana-de-açúcar VG3 e VG1126, possibilitando seu uso com melhor eficiência para ração animal

ABSTRACT This study examined the quality of silage from two cultivars of energy cane (Saccharum spontaneum) produced with different additives. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 2×5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two cultivars (VG3, VG1126) and four additives (1% urea; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; and 1.0 × 1011 CFU g-1 of Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + control, with eight replicates. Experimental mini-silos were used, which were opened 72 days after ensiling. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, and silage degradability were. We identified significant interactions effect between cultivar and type of additive for DM, CP, EE, NDF. ADF. Organic and mineral matter percentage were similar between the two cultivars. LP was the least beneficial additive for DM degradation.After 72 h of fermentation, in vitro NDF degradation of cultivar VG3 increased due to urea, NaOH, and CaO, whereas degradation cultivar VG1126 decreased when inoculated with LP or CaO. The NaOH and CaO improved silage degradability thus improving its quality. The use of LP in the present study did not benefit silage for energy-cane cultivars. The use of NaOH and CaO improves the quality of the silage, two varieties of sugarcane energy VG3 and VG1126, enabling its use with better efficiency for animal feed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-9940202100432022

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation
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Nunes, Alessandro Pacheco

; Straube, Fernando Costa

; Posso, Sérgio Roberto

; Laps, Rudi Ricardo

; Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de

; Hoffmann, Diego

; Morante-Filho, José Carlos

; Donatelli, Reginaldo José

; Ragusa-Netto, José

; Faxina, Claudenice

; Godoi, Maurício Neves

; Urben-Filho, Alberto

; Castro, Sáuria Lúcia Rocha de

; Lopes, Edson Varga

; Anjos, Luiz dos

; Tomas, Walfrido Moraes

; Mendonça, Luciana Baza

; Silva, Paulo Antonio

; Pivatto, Maria Antonietta de Castro

; Costacurta, Marco de Barros

; Melo, Alyson Vieira de

; Hass, Adriani

; Braz, Vívian da Silva

; Módena, Érica de Souza

; Freitas, Gabriel Oliveira de

; Souza, Rafael Augusto Ducel de

; Benites, Maristela

; Mamede, Simone

; Menq, Willian

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

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2022, Volume 62 elocation e202262029

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat.

https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.029

Saline waters and nitrogen/potassium fertilization combinations on physiological aspects and production of West Indian cherry
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Silva, Evandro Manoel da

; Gheyi, Hans Raj

; Nobre, Reginaldo Gomes

; Lima, Geovani Soares de

; Soares, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos

; Bonifácio, Benedito Ferreira

Revista Ambiente & Água

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2021, Volume 16 N. 6 elocation e2780

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de combinações de doses de nitrogênio e potássio sobre a fisiologia e a produção de frutos de aceroleira irrigada com água de diferentes salinidades, no segundo ano de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Pombal-PB, Brasil, em recipientes plásticos adaptados como lisímetros instalados em campo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, esquema fatorial 5 x 4 referentes a cinco níveis de condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa): 0,3; 1,3; 2,3; 3,3 e 4,3 dS m-1 e quatro combinações de adubação nitrogenada e potássica: 70% N + 50% K2O; 100% N + 75% K2O; 130% N + 100% K2O e 160% N + 125% K2O da dose recomendada para aceroleira, com três repetições e uma planta por parcela. Estudou-se a cv. Flor Branca enxertada sobre a cv. Junco, entre 420 e 550 dias após o transplantio. As combinações de nitrogênio e potássio não mitigam os efeitos deletérios da salinidade da água sobre a fisiologia e a produção de frutos da aceroleira. O aumento na CEa intensifica os danos às membranas celulares, reduz o potencial hídrico no ramo, teor de clorofila nas folhas, taxa de assimilação de CO2, diâmetro equatorial e polar e a massa de frutos. A adubação das plantas com 70% de N + 50% de K2O, em relação às outras combinações de adubação, causa menor extravasamento de eletrólitos e proporciona maior taxa de assimilação de CO2, teor de clorofila nas folhas, frutos de maior tamanho e massa.

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of combinations of nitrogen and potassium doses on the physiology and fruit production of West Indian cherry irrigated with waters of different salinities in the second year of cultivation. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil, in plastic containers adapted as lysimeters installed in the field, in a randomized block design, 5 x 4 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1, and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization: 70% N + 50% K2O; 100% N + 75% K2O; 130% N + 100% K2O and 160% N + 125% K2O of the dose recommended for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot. The cv. ‘Flor Branca’ was grafted on the cv. ‘Junco’, between 420 and 550 days after transplanting. Nitrogen and potassium combinations did not mitigate the deleterious effects of water salinity on the physiology and fruit formation of West Indian cherry. An increase in ECw intensifies the intercellular electrolyte leakage and reduces the water potential in the branch, chlorophyll content in the leaves, CO2 assimilation rate, equatorial and polar diameters as well as the mass of fruits. Fertilization of plants with 70% N + 50% of K2O, compared to the other fertilization combinations, causes less intercellular electrolyte leakage and promotes higher CO2 assimilation rates, higher chlorophyll content in leaves, and fruits of larger size and mass.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2780

Phenotypic, genetic and symbiotic characterization of Erythrina velutina rhizobia from Caatinga dry forest
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Rodrigues, Dalila Ribeiro

; Silva, Aleksandro Ferreira da

; Cavalcanti, Maria Idaline Pessoa

; Escobar, Indra Elena Costa

; Fraiz, Ana Carla Resende

; Ribeiro, Paula Rose de Almeida

; Ferreira Neto, Reginaldo Alves

; Freitas, Ana Dolores Santiago de

; Fernandes-Júnior, Paulo Ivan

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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sep 2018, Volume 49 N. 3 Pages 503 - 512

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Erythrina velutina ("mulungu") is a legume tree from Caatinga that associates with rhizobia but the diversity and symbiotic ability of "mulungu" rhizobia are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize "mulungu" rhizobia from Caatinga. Bacteria were obteined from Serra Talhada and Caruaru in Caatinga under natural regeneration. The bacteria were evaluated to the amplification of nifH and nodC and to metabolic characteristics. Ten selected bacteria identified by 16S rRNA sequences. They were tested in vitro to NaCl and temperature tolerance, auxin production and calcium phosphate solubilization. The symbiotic ability were assessed in an greenhouse experiment. A total of 32 bacteria were obtained and 17 amplified both symbiotic genes. The bacteria showed a high variable metabolic profile. Bradyrhizobium (6), Rhizobium (3) and Paraburkholderia (1) were identified, differing from their geographic origin. The isolates grew up to 45 °C to 0.51 mol L-1 of NaCl. Bacteria which produced more auxin in the medium with l-tryptophan and two Rhizobium and one Bradyrhizobium were phosphate solubilizers. All bacteria nodulated and ESA 90 (Rhizobium sp.) plus ESA 96 (Paraburkholderia sp.) were more efficient symbiotically. Diverse and efficient rhizobia inhabit the soils of Caatinga dry forests, with the bacterial differentiation by the sampling sites.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.09.007 1071 downloads

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield as affected by nitrogen fertilization and different water regimes
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Ferreira Santos, Reginaldo

; Bassegio, Doglas

; Pereira Sartori, Maria Márcia

; Zannoto, Maurício Dutra

; de Almeida Silva, Marcelo

Acta Agronómica

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jun 2018, Volume 67 N. 2 Pages 264 - 269

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen En función de su origen y rusticidad, el cártamo se produce generalmente en tierras secas, de baja fertilidad, con pocos insumos y sin riego. En Brasil, poco se sabe de la respuesta de este cultivo a la aplicación de nitrógeno (N) y al riego. Este estudio fue realizado próximo a Ingeniero Coelho, SP, Brasil, en la campaña agrícola de 2014, para determinar el efecto de dosis crescientes de nitrógeno (0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300; 350: 400; 450; 500; 550 e 600 kg.haD1) en el cultivo de cártamo en secano e irrigado. La aplicación de riego en periodos secos, posibilitó reducir el estrés y así, aumentar de forma significativa los componentes de producción y el rendimiento de granos. La producción de cártamo es influenciada por la interacción entre el régimen hídrico y la dosis de nitrógeno. El rendimiento del grano puede variar dependiendo de varios factores, sin embargo, el rendimiento máximo se logró con tasas de 208 y 214 kg.N ha-1 en condiciones de riego y de secano, respectivamente. Para el rendimiento de aceite, 200 kg N. ha-1 fueron suficientes, independientemente del régimen hídrico.

Abstract Due to its origin and hardiness, safflower is usually cultivated in low-fertility soils with few inputs and no irrigation. In Brazil, little is known about its response to nitrogen (N) and irrigation. This study was carried out near the city of Engenheiro Coelho, SP, Brazil, in 2014, in order to determine the effect of increasing nitrogen application rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 kg ha-1) on safflower cultivation under irrigation and rainfed conditions. The use of irrigation during drought periods allowed stress reduction and significantly increased yield components and grain yield. Safflower yield was influenced by the interaction between water regimes and nitrogen rates. Grain yield may vary depending on several factors, however, maximum yield was achieved with rates of 208 and 214 kg N ha-1 under irrigation and rainfed conditions, respectively. For oil yield, 200 kg N ha-1 were sufficient, regardless of the water regime.

https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v67n2.60896 840 downloads

A tutoria como dispositivo de apoio a um Sistema Municipal de Saúde
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Dias, Maria Socorro de Araújo

; Lima, Noraney Alves

; Parente, José Reginaldo Feijão

; Silva, Maria Rocineide Ferreira da

Saúde em Debate

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sep 2017, Volume 41 N. 114 Pages 683 - 693

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Neste artigo, abordou-se a função apoio realizada pela tutoria no contexto de um Sistema Municipal de Saúde. Trata-se de estudo de caso ancorado em uma epistemologia qualitativa. Tem como cenário um município do semiárido nordestino. Os dados apresentados originam-se de documentos e entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com trabalhadores(as) que exercem a função de tutoria. O referencial de examinação dos dados foi a análise de conteúdo. A construção histórica do papel do tutor, suas concepções, atribuições e contribuições revelam que este trabalhador tem exercido a função apoio, movendo-se do apoio institucional ao apoio pedagógico, promovendo uma síntese complexa, que articula estas duas dimensões de apoio.

ABSTRACT In this article, the support function performed by mentoring in the context of a Municipal Health System was discussed. It is a case study anchored in a qualitative epistemology. It has as scenery a municipality of the northeastern semi-arid region. The data presented come from documents and in-depth interviews conducted with workers who perform the mentoring function. The data analysis benchmark was content analysis. The historical construction of the role of the tutor, his conceptions, attributions and contributions reveal that this worker has exercised the support function, moving from institutional support to pedagogical support, promoting a complex synthesis, that articulates these two dimensions of support.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104201711401 844 downloads

A tutoria como dispositivo de apoio a um Sistema Municipal de Saúde
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Dias, Maria Socorro de Araújo

; Lima, Noraney Alves

; Parente, José Reginaldo Feijão

; Silva, Maria Rocineide Ferreira da

Saúde em Debate

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sep 2017, Volume 41 N. 114 Pages 683 - 693

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104201711401 47 downloads

FORMALDEHÍDO EN VIVIENDAS URBANAS EN SALVADOR, BAHÍA - BRASIL
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Soza Pineda, Norma Irene

; Prata, Pedro Reginaldo dos Santos

; Alves Cardoso, Maria Regina

; Rocha, Gisele Olímpio da

; Alves Ferreira Amorín, Leila Denise

; de Miranda Esquivel, Renata

; Silva de Carvalho, Fabiana

; Lima Barreto, Mauricio

Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental

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2017, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 183 - 197

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Formaldehyde is a common contaminant in indoor environments. The objective of the present study was to identify formaldehyde concentrations in urban households and to investigate a possible association between the formaldehyde concentration and potential indoor sources. This is a cross-sectional study nested within SCAALA, a large longitudinal study conducted to investigate factors associated with asthma and allergy in schoolchildren in Salvador. The homes of 1168 children from 4 to 13 years old were visited between February 2007 and July 2008 to collect data on the household characteristics. Fluorometric determination of gaseous formaldehyde was conducted using the Fluoral-P reagent. Logistic regression with calculation of odds ratios and their respective 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), was used to evaluate ventilation, sources of formaldehyde, and exposure to cigarette smoke according to formaldehyde concentrations. Formaldehyde concentrations were low (a mean of 0.80 μ/m3). A higher number of potential sources of formaldehyde emission (OR: 1.30; 95 % CI: 1.03 - 1.65) and better ventilation (OR: 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.07 - 1.70) were factors associated with higher concentrations. Formaldehyde concentrations were lower in homes where there were smokers, (OR: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.52 - 0.90). Indoor formaldehyde concentrations in the homes evaluated in Salvador were below the maximum allowable concentrations determined nationally and internationally. The characteristics of the homes played a role in formaldehyde levels. The environmental sampling method used to determine formaldehyde concentrations was sufficiently accurate.

RESUMEN El formaldehído es un contaminante común en los espacios interiores. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la concentración de formaldehído en viviendas urbanas y la posible relación de las fuentes potenciales intramuros con dicha concentración. Se utilizó un método transversal anidado en un estudio longitudinal que investiga factores asociados con el asma y la alergia en niños escolares en Salvador. Entre febrero de 2007 y julio de 2008 se visitaron las viviendas de 1168 niños (4 - 13 años) para recolectar información sobre las características de las casas. Para la determinación de formaldehído gaseoso se utilizó un procedimiento fluorimétrico con el reactivo Fluoral P. Se evaluaron los indicadores de ventilación, fuentes de formaldehído y exposición al humo del cigarro según los niveles de formaldehído a través de una regresión logística, en la que se calculó la razón de productos cruzados (RPC) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 %. La concentración de formaldehído en general fue baja (media 0.80 µg/m3). Un mayor número de fuentes potencialmente emisoras de ese compuesto (RPC 1.30; 95 % IC 1.03-1.65), así como las mejores condiciones de ventilación (RPC 1.35; 95 % IC 1.07-1.70), estuvieron asociadas con una mayor concentración de formaldehído. Mientras que en las viviendas donde habitaban fumadores, la concentración de formaldehído fue menor (RPC 0.69; 95 % IC 0.52-0.90). El nivel de concentración del formaldehído en las viviendas estudiadas en Salvador fue inferior a los niveles máximos aceptables nacional e internacionalmente para ambientes interiores. Las características de las viviendas influyeron en la concentración de dicho compuesto. El método de muestreo ambiental utilizado permitió la determinación del formaldehído con suficiente confiabilidad.

https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2017.33.02.01 796 downloads

Spatial dynamics of urban populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Caxias, State of Maranhão, Brazil
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Nascimento, Maria do Desterro Soares Brandao

; Silva, Maria Helena

; Viana, Graca Maria de Castro

; Leonardo, Francisco Santos

; Bezerra, Geusa Felipa de Barros

; Guimaraes e Silva, Antonia Suely

; Soares, Valeria Cristina Pinheiro

; Pereira, Silma Regina Ferreira

; Rebelo, Jose Manuel Macario

; Brazil, Reginaldo Pecanha

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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sep 2013, Volume 46 N. 5 Pages 555 - 559

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Introduction In this paper, we report the ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Caxias City, located in the eastern part of State of Maranhão, Brazil and highlight its seasonal and geographical distribution by environment. In addition, we discuss natural Leishmania infection and its relationship with visceral leishmaniasis. Methods Between September 2007 and August 2009, the collection of sandflies was performed using Center for Disease Control (CDC) light traps from 15 houses in 5 selected neighborhoods. Results Lutzomyia longipalpis was present in all zones of the city. We also found that Lu. longipalpis was regularly detected both inside and around the house, predominantly in outdoor areas. In urban areas, Lu. longipalpis was present in both the dry and rainy seasons, with a higher density present in the latter. One female specimen of Lu. longipalpis was observed to have natural Leishmania infection. Conclusions The presence of Lu. longipalpis was observed throughout the year during 2 seasonal periods, with a predominance in the rainy season. A low rate of natural Leishmania infection was observed in urban areas during the rainy season.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0150-2013 1984 downloads

10.

Cytogenetic and DNA barcoding reveals high divergence within the trahira, Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from the lower Amazon River
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Marques, Diego Ferreira

; Santos, Fabíola Araújo dos

; Silva, Simoni Santos da

; Sampaio, Iracilda

; Rodrigues, Luís Reginaldo Ribeiro

Neotropical Ichthyology

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jun 2013, Volume 11 N. 2 Pages 459 - 466

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Dados moleculares e citogenéticos tem evidenciado especiação críptica na traíra sul-americana, Hoplias malabaricus. No presente estudo, cariótipos e sequências de DNA barcode de espécimes de sete populações, habitando a região do baixo rio Amazonas, foram analisadas a fim de caracterizar o nível de divergência genética dentro de um único cariomorfo. Todos os espécimes possuem 2n = 40 cromossomos (20m+20sm) os quais são inseridos no grupo de traíras do cariomorfo C. DNA barcode revelou seis haplogrupos, com clara divergência entre populações do Brasil e da Argentina. Os resultados apoiam a hipótese de complexo de espécies e indicam que um único cariomorfo de Hoplias malabaricus pode conter mais de uma espécie

Molecular and cytogenetic data have provided evidence of cryptic speciation in the widespread South American trahira, Hoplias malabaricus. In the present study, karyotypes and DNA barcode sequences of specimens from seven populations inhabiting the lower Amazon River were analyzed in order to characterize the levels of genetic divergence within a single karyomorph. All the specimens presented karyotypes with 2n = 40 chromosomes (20m+20sm) that were consistent with the species' C karyomorph. The DNA barcodes revealed six haplogroups, with clear divergence between populations from Brazil and Argentina. The results support the species complex hypothesis and indicate that a single karyomorph of H. malabaricus may harbor more than one species

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000200015 2849 downloads

11.

Technological properties of precooked flour containing coffee powder and rice by thermoplastic extrusion
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Silva, Reginaldo Ferreira da

; Pereira, Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga

; Ascheri, José Luis Ramirez

; Ascheri, Diego Palmiro Ramirez

Food Science and Technology

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mar 2013, Volume 33 N. 1 Pages 7 - 13

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O Brasil é um país de tradição na produção e consumo de café, porém, parte do consumo do café é na forma de bebida. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar uma farinha mista instantânea de pó de café com arroz para uso no preparo de bebidas e produtos panificáveis como bolos e biscoitos tipo cookies com sabor de café. Misturas nas proporções de 900:100, 850:150 e 800:200 g de arroz e café, respectivamente, foram processadas em uma extrusora Brabender DS-20 (Duisburg, Alemanha) de parafuso simples, e foi estudado o efeito do processo de extrusão das variáveis umidade da mistura (16%, 18% e 20%) e temperatura na 3° zona (140, 160 e 180 °C). Os resultados observados para as variáveis respostas, índice de expansão, com valores encontrados entre 2,91 e 11,11 mm de diâmetro; índice de absorção de água, com valores variando entre 4,59 a 6,33 g de gel.g- 1 de amostra; e índice de solubilidade em água, com valores encontrados entre 4,05% e 8,57%, mostraram que o alto teor de fibras totais (14,22%) presentes no pó de café provocou uma redução da expansão dos extrusados e, consequentemente, nas propriedades tecnológicas das misturas elaboradas com arroz. Porém, o produto expandido após moagem resultou em um pó de alta solubilidade, o que favorece o seu uso como farinha pré-cozida na alimentação humana.

Although Brazil is a country of tradition in both the production and consumption of coffee, the most of the coffee is consumed as a beverage, which reduces greatly the competitiveness on international market, for reducing the chances of supplying the product under other forms of consumption. Owing to that, the aim of this study was developing a precooked mixed flour containing coffee powder and rice for use in coffee flavored products. Mixtures of rice and coffee in the proportions of 900:100, 850:150 and 800:200 g, respectively, were processed in a single screw extruder (Brabender DS-20, Duisburg, German) and the effect of the extrusion process on the variables moisture content (16%, 18% and 20%) and temperature in the third extruding zone (140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C) was studied. The results for expansion index ranged from 2.91 to 11.11 mm in diameter; the water absorption index from 4.59 to 6.33 g gel/g sample and the water solubility index varied from 4.05% to 8.57%. These results showed that, despite coffee powder influenced the variables studied, the expanded product after milling resulted in a extruded mixture with good absorption and water solubility indices, which favors the use of the precooked mixed flour for human consumption.

2753 downloads

12.

Variabilidade genética entre acessos do gênero Manihot por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR
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Silva, Kaliny Veiga Pessoa da

; Alves, Alfredo Augusto da Cunha

; Martins, Maria Isabel Gomes

; Melo, Cláusio Antônio Ferreira de

; Carvalho, Reginaldo de

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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sep 2011, Volume 46 N. 9 Pages 1082 - 1088

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética intra e interespecífica de acessos de Manihot por meio de marcadores ISSR. Foram analisadas cinco espécies e duas variedades de Manihot, além de duas espécies do gênero Croton, utilizadas como grupo externo, por meio de 20 oligonucleotídeos iniciadores (Olii) ISSR UBC. Para análise do índice de similaridade entre as espécies e os acessos foram utilizados os coeficientes de Jaccard e de 'simple matching'. Os 20 Olii testados foram altamente polimórficos para todas as espécies analisadas, e 89,7% dos locus foram polimórficos. Há maior similaridade genética entre espécies diferentes de Manihot, como M. dichotoma var. undulata e M. caerulescens, do que entre indivíduos da mesma espécie, como M. dichotoma e M. dichotoma var. undulata.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among accessions of Manihot by using ISSR markers. Five species and two varieties of Manihot, besides two species of the genus Croton, used as the out‑group, were analyzed by using 20 oligonucleotide (Olii) ISSR UBC primers. To analyze the similarity index between species and accessions, the Jaccard and simple matching coefficients were used. The 20 Olii tested were highly polymorphic in all species analyzed, and 89.7% of the loci were polymorphic. A higher genetic variability is observed among different species of Manihot, such as M. dichotoma var. undulata and M. caerulescens, than among individuals of the same species, such as M. dichotoma and M. dichotoma var. undulata.

3770 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

In natura açaí beverage: quality, pasteurization and acidification
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Oliveira, Palmira Antonia Alves Cruz de

; Silva, Idelfonso Generôzo da

; Souza, Maria Luzenira de

; Furtado, Cydia Menezes

; Silva, Reginaldo Ferreira da

Food Science and Technology

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jun 2011, Volume 31 N. 2 Pages 502 - 507

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas, físico-químicas, químicas e microbiológicas da bebida de açaí (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) in natura, processada e comercializada em Rio Branco-Acre, submetê-la a tratamentos de acidificação e pasteurização e avaliar seus efeitos. Frutos de açaí foram processados para obtenção da bebida, conforme geralmente consumida. Uma amostra de 25 litros foi coletada de uma unidade processadora, no mercado municipal de Rio Branco, transportada ao laboratório da Unidade de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do Acre para montagem de experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Na bebida in natura e após tratamentos realizou-se as análises de sólidos totais, pH, acidez total titulável, proteínas, lipídios, bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes a 45 ºC. Os resultados da ANOVA mostraram, exceto lipídios, diferença (p < 0,01) nos parâmetros. A bebida de açaí in natura apresenta elevada contaminação por coliformes totais e termotolerantes a 45 ºC, bolores e leveduras, estando em condições higiênico-sanitária insatisfatória e insegura ao consumo. A pasteurização foi eficaz na redução da microbiota da bebida, reduziu a contaminação para nível aceitável, conforme a legislação, garantindo qualidade e segurança alimentar. O tratamento acidificado reduziu parcialmente a microbiota. A bebida é classificada como açaí fino ou tipo C.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the physical, physicochemical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of in natura açai (Euterpe precatoria Mart.)beverageprocessed and commercialized in Rio Branco, Acre, submitting it to acidification and pasteurization treatments and evaluating their effects. Açaí fruits were processed to obtain the beverage as generally consumed. A 25 L sample was collected from a processing unit at a market in Rio Branco and transported to the Laboratory of Food Technology at the Federal University of Acre, for sampling of the experiments in a completely randomized design. Analyses of total solids, pH, total titrable acidity, proteins, lipids, moulds and yeasts, total and heat-tolerant coliforms at 45 ºC were performed in in natura beverage and after treatments. The results of the ANOVA showed, except for lipids, difference (p < 0.01) in the parameters. The in natura açaí beverage presented an elevated contamination by total and heat-tolerant coliforms at 45 ºC, moulds and yeasts, being in hygienic-sanitary conditions both unsatisfactory and unsafe for consumption. Pasteurization was efficient in reducing the beverage microbiota; it reduced contamination to an acceptable level according to the legislation, warranting food quality and safety. The acidified treatment partially reduced the microbiota. The beverage was classified as fine or type C.

4994 downloads

14.

Histological, biochemical and pharmacologycal characterization of the gastric muscular layer in Chagas disease
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Carlucci, Wagner

; Ceneviva, Reginaldo

; Ferreira, Sérgio Henrique

; Silva, Orlando Castro de

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2011, Volume 26 Suppl. 2 Pages 74 - 78

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar in vitro a correlação entre o número de neurônios e a sensibilidade a drogas colinérgicas e a atividade da acetilcolinesterase em pacientes chagásicos. MÉTODOS: Em 10 pacientes chagásicos crônicos (6 homens) submetidos à cirurgia de megaesôfago ou de megacólon e em 10 pacientes não chagásicos (4 homens) submetidos a outros tipos de cirurgia (grupo controle), respectivamente com idade média de 52,3 e 50,1 anos, retirou-se uma tira de 3x1 cm da camada muscular da parede anterior do estômago, sempre junto á cisura angular, que serviu para os estudos histológicos e farmacológicos. A ação de drogas colinérgicas foi feita em preparação isolada de acordo com o método de superfusão de Ferreira e Costa, e a determinação da atividade da acetilcolinesterase pelo método de Ellman. Para a contagem de neurônios a tira muscular foi submetida a cortes de 8 micra segundo método padronizado por Alcântara. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença do número de neurônios entre os grupos chagásico (5,6) e controle (7,3). A atividade da acetilcolinesterase mostrou-se diminuída nos chagásicos (4,32) expressa como número de moles do substrato hidrolisado por minuto por grama de tecido, em relação aos controles (7,30). Não se encontrou hipersensibilidade da musculatura gástrica a drogas colinérgicas, encontrando-se inclusive efeito máximo reduzido ao carbacol e betanecol no grupo chagásico. CONCLUSÕES: A redução de neurônios no plexo mioentérico do estômago de pacientes chagásicos crônicos pode ser demonstrada mesmo na ausência de gastropatia chagásica clínica. A hipersensibilidade da musculatura gástrica a drogas colinérgicas provavelmente depende de desnervação intensa. A redução da atividade da acetilcolinesterase demonstra o comprometimento da inervação colinérgica no estômago de pacientes chagásicos crônicos. Não houve correlação entre número de neurônios, sensibilidade a drogas colinérgicas e atividade da acetilcolinesterase na musculatura gástrica de pacientes chagásicos ou não chagásicos.

PURPOSE: To assess in vitro the correlation between the number of neurons and the sensitivity to cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase activity in chagasic patients. METHODS: A 3x1 cm strip of the muscle layer of the anterior part of the stomach, always close to the angular incisure, was removed from 10 chronic chagasic patients (6 men) submitted to megaesophagus or megacolon surgery and from 10 non-chagasic patients (4 men) submitted to other types of surgery (control group), aged on average 52.3 and 50.1 years, respectively, for histological and pharmacological studies. The action of cholinergic drugs was investigated in isolated preparations according to the superfusion method of Ferreira and Costa, and acetylcholinesterase activity was determined by the method of Ellman. For neuron count, the strips were cut into 8 µm sections according to the method standardized by Alcântara. RESULTS: There was a difference in number of neurons between the chagasic (5,6) and control (7,3) groups. Acetylcholinesterase activity, in moles of hydrolyzed substrate per minute per gram tissue, was reduced in chagasic patients (4,32) compared to the controls (7,30). No hypersensitivity of the gastric musculature to cholinergic drugs was detected, with a reduced maximum response to carbachol and betanechol in the chagasic group. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the stomach of chronic chagasic patients can be demonstrated even in the absence of clinical chagasic gastropathy. The hypersensitivity of the gastric musculature to cholinergic drugs probably depends on intense denervation. The reduced acetylcholinesterase activity demonstrates the involvement of the cholinergic innervation in the stomach of chronic chagasic patients. There was no correlation between number of neurons, sensitivity to cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase activity in the gastric musculature of chagasic and non-chagasic patients.

2646 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

15.

Influência do processo de beneficiamento na qualidade de amêndoas de castanha-do-brasil
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Silva, Reginaldo Ferreira da

; Ascheri, Jose Luis Ramirez

; Souza, Joana Maria Leite de

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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apr 2010, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 445 - 450

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) é uma matéria-prima importante que constitui a base de subsistência para os povos da região Amazônica. Em razão do alto teor de lipídios insaturados, cerca de 60 a 70% torna-se altamente perecível. Inadequadas práticas de beneficiamento fazem com que o descascamento resulte alto índice de amêndoas quebradas ou danificadas. Neste trabalho objetivou-se fazer um comparativo das propriedades físico-químicas, teor de minerais, ácidos graxos e perfil de aminoácidos essenciais de amêndoas que sofreram danos mecânicos em comparação a amêndoas intactas, que foram beneficiadas, embaladas e armazenadas nas mesmas condições. O teor de minerais totais de amêndoas danificadas e intactas, armazenadas durante três meses à temperatura ambiente, não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si. Entretanto, resultou em perdas significativas de ácidos graxos insaturados, como o oléico e o linoléico, além de aminoácidos essenciais, principalmente a lisina. Isso pode implicar na redução do valor biológico da castanha, principalmente na sua qualidade sensorial.

Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is an important raw material. It constitutes a basic stable of the population living in the Amazon region. Due to high unsaturated lipid content, around 60 to 70% is highly perishable. Moreover, inadequate processing practices result in high broken or damaged nuts. The objective this work was to make a comparative study of the physicochemical properties, mineral contents, lipids, and essential amino acid profiles between intact and highly damaged Brazil nut. All samples were stored in the same conditions. Samples were stored during three months at room temperature.The mineral profile of both samples did not show significant variation in total contents. It resulted, however, in significant loss of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acid, besides essential amino acid, specially lysine. This fact can imply a reduction in the nutritional and sensory properties of the nut.

7915 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

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