BACKGROUND Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) is commonly found in South American Leishmania parasites belonging to the subgenus Viannia, whereas Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) was previously thought to be restricted to the Old-World pathogens of the subgenus Leishmania. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the presence of LRV2 in strains of Leishmania (L.) infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), originating from different hosts, clinical forms, and geographical regions. METHODS A total of seventy-one isolates were screened for LRV2 using semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. FINDINGS We detected LRV2 in two L. infantum isolates (CUR268 and HP-EMO) from canine and human cases, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of LRV2 in the New World.

RESUMO As mudanças climáticas ameaçam a sobrevivência das culturas comercias com sua base genética estreita. Uma das alternativas é a identificação de plantas com potencial para a tolerância a estresses abióticos. Objetivou-se verificar as adaptações fisiológicas e anatômicas ao período seco e os impactos sobre a produtividade de acessos de cafeeiro Híbrido de Timor. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 7 x 2, sendo sete genótipos (UFV 377-21, UFV 377-21, UFV 442-42, BE 5 Wush-Wush x UFV 366-08, UFV 428-02, UFV 376-31 e UFV 427-55) e dois períodos sazonais (seco e chuvoso), com duas repetições. Foram avaliados a condutância estomática; potencial hídrico na antemanhã; níveis de peróxido de hidrogênio e malondialdeído; atividade das enzimas catalase, superóxido dismutase e ascorbato peroxidase; conteúdo de ascorbato; espessura da cutícula da face adaxial e limbo foliar; densidade estomática; relação entre diâmetro polar e equatorial; área do floema; área, diâmetro e frequência de vasos do xilema; condutividade hidráulica relativa; índice de vulnerabilidade; e produtividade. Observaram-se aclimatações dos acessos ao período seco, sendo que alguns mantiveram maiores valores de potencial hídrico na antemanhã; indução do sistema antioxidante com o aumento da atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase e de níveis de ascorbato; aumento da espessura da cutícula e do limbo foliar; e maior relação entre diâmetro polar e equatorial. A maioria dos acessos avaliados apresentou bom desempenho produtivo, com destaque para UFV 377-21, UFV 442-42 e UFV 376-31, com adaptações ao período seco e potencial produtivo.

ABSTRACT Climate change threatens the survival of commercial crops due to their narrow genetic base. One of the alternatives is the identification of plants with potential for abiotic stress tolerance. This study aimed to verify the physiological and anatomical adaptations to the drought period and the impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree accessions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, being seven genotypes (UFV 377-21, UFV 377-21, UFV 442-42, BE 5 Wush-Wush x UFV 366-08, UFV 428-02, UFV 376-31 and UFV 427-55) and two seasonal periods (dry and rainy), with two replications. The stomatal conductance; predawn water potential; levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde; activity of the enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate oxidase; ascorbate content; cuticle thickness of the adaxial surface and leaf lamina; stomatal density; ratio between polar and equatorial diameter; phloem area; area, diameter and frequency of xylem vessels; relative hydraulic conductivity; vulnerability index; and yield were evaluated. The results showed acclimatization of the accessions to the dry period, with some of them maintaining higher water potential values in the predawn; induction of the antioxidant system with the increase in the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme and ascorbate levels; increase in the cuticle and leaf lamina thickness; and a higher ratio between polar and equatorial diameters. Most of the evaluated accessions showed a good productive performance, especially the ‘UFV 377-21’, ‘UFV 442-42’ and ‘UFV 376-31’, with adaptations to the dry period and yield potential.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o impacto da codetecção de Influenza A (FluA) e Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) por meio de testes imunocromatográficos rápidos em tempo real, em pacientes menores de 2 anos em hospital público e universitário. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo foi conduzido para analisar os desfechos clínicos de crianças hospitalizadas com doença respiratória viral com resultados positivos do teste rápido imunocromatográfico para VSR e/ou FluA, de 2013 a 2018. Um modelo de regressão logística foi ajustado para analisar preditores de intubação orotraqueal durante a internação. Resultados: foram analisados 220 casos: RSV (192), FluA (9) eco-detecção (19). A letalidade foi de 1,8% (2 casos) e 88% (194) casos em menores de 1 ano. O tempo médio de internação foi maior nos pacientes com codetecção. As variáveis significativamente associadas à intubação orotraqueal foram: menor idade em meses, comorbidades, codetecção de VSR e Flu-A e pneumonia bacteriana durante a internação. Conclusões: codetecção VSR e FluA foi associada a prognósticos clínicos desfavoráveis. O teste rápido fornece informações importantes a beira-leito, pois os painéis moleculares não são amplamente acessíveis em hospitais públicos. O diagnóstico rápido permite a avaliação e tratamento oportunos.

Abstract Objectives: the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of co-detection of Flu A and RSV using rapid immunochromatographic tests at the point of care, in pediatric patients under 2 years of age in a general hospital. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze clinical outcomes in hospitalized infants with viral respiratory disease with positive results of rapid immunochromatographic test for RSV and/or Flu-A, from 2013 to 2018. A logistic regression model was adjusted to analyze predictors of orotracheal intubation during hospitalization. Results: we analyzed 220 cases: RSV (192), Flu-A (9), co-detection (19). Lethality rate was 1.8% (2 cases), and 88% (194) were under 1 year of age. Mean time of hospitalizations was higher in patients with co-detection. Variables significantly associated with orotracheal intubation were: younger age in months, comorbidities, RSV and Flu-A co-detection, and bacterial pneumonia during hospitalization. Conclusions: RSV and Flu-Aco-detection was associated with the least favorable clinical prognoses in this study. Rapid test diagnosis may provide important information at the point of care, because molecular panels are not widely accessible in general hospitals. Rapid diagnosis allows timely evaluation and treatment.

RESUMO: Na ultrassonografia, o modo bidimensional (modo B) permite a avaliação morfológica e morfométrica de vários tipos de órgãos e tecidos, enquanto o modo Doppler permite a avaliação hemodinâmica. Em humanos, a avaliação com Doppler é usada rotineiramente na avaliação de artérias e veias importantes, como as artérias carótidas e veias jugulares, com diferenças significativas entre gêneros e lados. No entanto, em medicina veterinária, este método diagnóstico ainda não está bem estabelecido na avaliação das artérias carótidas, com apenas poucos relatos em equinos domésticos. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar as artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda de equinos e mulas domésticos, utilizando a avaliação bidimensional (modo B) e por ultrassonografia Doppler espectral. Avaliaram-se as artérias carótidas comuns de 10 equinos domésticos (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) e 10 mulas (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas). As seguintes variáveis foram medidas em três porções diferentes (cranial, médio e caudal): diâmetro, espessura íntima-média (IMT), índice de resistividade (RI), índice de pulsatilidade (PI), pico de velocidade sistólica (pSV) e velocidade diastólica final (fDV). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis bidimensionais (diâmetro e IMT) entre as artérias carótidas comuns de cavalos e muares, independentemente do gênero (p>0,05). No modo Doppler, não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores para carótidas em equinos machos e fêmeas (p>0,05). Nos muares, só foi possível observar diferenças entre os valores de RI e PI (p<0,05), sendo maiores no lado esquerdo (0,81 e 2,04 respectivamente), e o fDV (p<0,05) superior no lado direito (14,35) nos machos. Quanto as fêmeas, houve apenas no fDV (p<0,05), sendo o lado direito superior (23,16). Os diâmetros e IMT não diferem entre os lados em equinos e muares na ultrassonografia modo B. Já o Doppler espectral nos equinos não difere entre os lados, independentemente do gênero. Quanto aos muares, os machos diferenciam no IR, IP e fDV entre os lados, enquanto as fêmeas apenas para fDV.

ABSTRACT: In ultrasonography, the bi-dimensional mode (B-mode) allows the morphological and morphometric evaluation of several types of organs and tissues, while the Doppler mode allows the hemodynamic evaluation. In humans, the Doppler evaluation is routinely used in the assessment of important arteries and veins, such as the carotid arteries and jugular veins, with significant differences between genres and sides. However, in veterinary medicine, this diagnostic method is not yet well established in the evaluation of the carotid arteries, with only few reports in domestic horses. This study aims to compare the right and left common carotid arteries of domestic horses and mules using bi-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound evaluation. The common carotid arteries from 10 domestic horses (five males and five females) and 10 mules (five males and five females) were evaluated. The following variables were measured at three different portions (cranial, middle and caudal): diameter, intima-media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak of systolic velocity (pSV) and final diastolic velocity (fDV). No significant differences were observed in the bi-dimensional variables (diameter and IMT) between the common carotid arteries of horses and mules, regardless of gender (p>0.05). In Doppler mode, there were no significant differences between carotid values in male and female horses (p> 0.05). In the mules, it was only possible to observe differences between the RI and PI values (p<0.05), being higher on the left side (0.81 and 2.04 respectively), and the fDV (p<0.05) higher, on the right side (14.35) in males. As for females, there was only in fDV (p<0.05), with the upper right side (23.16). Diameters and IMT do not differ between sides in horses and mules in B-mode ultrasound. Spectral Doppler in horses does not differ between sides, regardless of gender. As for mules, males differ in RI, PI and fDV between sides, while females differ only in fDV.

Abstract IPR Celeiro is a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a carioca-type seed and moderate resistance to Bean Golden Mosaic Virus (BGMV). IPR Celeiro has a normal life cycle and an upright architecture. This cultivar was released for the purpose of integrating its use with disease management systems in the cultivation areas affected by this virus.

The investigations of the antibacterial actions, observed in ternary associations involving silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), chitosan and the antibiotics azithromycin (AZ), levofloxacin (LE) or tetracycline (TE), against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, were performed by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing and checkerboard assays. The pH impact in the culture medium was carefully discarded, but preserving the best conditions for solubilizing chitosan. The synergistic antibacterial effects were observed in the most combinations of AgNPs, chitosan and antibiotic, leading to a reduction from 37 to 97% in the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drugs. The mechanisms for the enhanced antimicrobial effects were proposed based on the investigations of the adsorptions of the drugs on the silver surfaces through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.

RESUMEN El compostaje se presenta como una alternativa para reciclar residuos sólidos orgánicos biodegradables, transformarlos en fertilizantes para la agricultura y evitar su deposición inadecuada en rellenos sanitarios. De esta forma, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la calidad físico-química y microbiológica de un compost producido a partir de residuos orgánicos y su desempeño en el desarrollo y productividad del cultivo de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sativa L.), en condiciones de invernadero. La materia prima del compostaje fueron residuos orgánicos domiciliares (restos de alimentos) y estiércol de bovino en proporción 1:1. Para la construcción de los montículos de compost, los residuos orgánicos fueron mezclados con podas de árboles triturados. Diferentes concentraciones de compost madurado, 20, 40, 60, 80 y 100%, fueron incluidos en el sustrato de lechuga en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que el compost orgánico producido presentó características físico-químicas y microbiológicas dentro de los rangos de utilización agronómica y su adición en el sustrato de fibra de coco, favoreció la producción de lechuga, promoviendo un incremento de 63% en la altura de plantas y 75% en el número de hojas.

ABSTRACT Composting is an alternative for recycling biodegradable organic solid wastes, turning them into fertilizers for agriculture and avoiding improper disposal in landfills. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of a compound produced from organic residues and its performance in the development and productivity of a crisp lettuce cultivar (Lactuca sativa L.), in greenhouse conditions. For the compost, household waste (food residue) and cattle manure were used at a 1:1 ratio. For the construction of the compost piles, the organic residues were mixed with wood chips. Different concentrations of the mature compost (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% compost) were evaluated in the lettuce cultivation substrate in a randomized block design, with three replicates. The results showed that the organic compost had physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics within agronomic use patterns that, when added to the coconut fiber substrate, favored lettuce production, promoting a 63% increase in plant height and 75% increase in the number of leaves.

ABSTRACT To characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an intensive care unit of a tertiary-care teaching hospital, between 2005 and 2010. A total of 45 isolates were recovered from patients admitted to the intensive care unit in the study period. Resistance rates higher than 80% were found for clindamycin (100%), erythromycin (100%), levofloxacin (100%), azithromycin (97.7%), rifampin (88.8%), and gentamycin (86.6%). The SCCmec typing revealed that the isolates harbored the types III (66.7%), II (17.8%), IV (4.4%), and I (2.2%). Four (8.9%) isolates carried non-typeable cassettes. Most (66.7%) of the isolates were related to the Brazilian endemic clone from CC8/SCCmec III, which was prevalent (89.3%) between 2005 and 2007, while the USA100/CC5/SCCmec II lineage emerged in 2007 and was more frequent in the last few years. The study showed high rates of antimicrobial resistance among methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates and the replacement of Brazilian clone, a well-established hospital lineage, by the USA100 in the late 2000s, at the intensive care unit under study.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Canine exposure to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites and the potential of Leishmania infantum transmissibility for the vector were evaluated. METHODS Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Lu longipalpis saliva and -L. infantum, and blood parasite load were determined in dogs from endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis. RESULTS Blood parasitism was similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. IgG anti-L. infantum was higher in symptomatic dogs, but IgG anti-Lu. longipalpis saliva was mostly observed in higher titers in asymptomatic dogs, indicating vector preference for feeding on asymptomatic dogs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a pivotal role of asymptomatic dogs in L. infantum transmission in endemic areas.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a eficácia do óleo essencial deA. gratissima como anestésico para jundiás, bem como realizar o fracionamento bio-guiado do óleo essencial a fim de isolar os compostos responsáveis pelos efeitos observados. Os peixes foram submetidos ao banho-anestésico com óleo essencial, suas frações e compostos isolados para determinar o tempo de indução e recuperação da anestesia. O eugenol (50 mg L-1) foi utilizado como controle positivo. O óleo essencial deA. gratissima promoveu anestesia em concentrações de 300 a 900 mg L-1. Os peixes apresentaram contrações musculares involuntárias durante indução e recuperação. Com o fracionamento bio-guiado do óleo essencial foram obtidos E-(-)-pinocanfona, (-)-óxido de cariofileno, (-)-guaiol e (+)-espatulenol. A E-(-)-pinocanfona promoveu os mesmos efeitos adversos observados com o óleo essencial. (-)-Óxido de cariofileno, (-)-guaiol e (+)-espatulenol demonstraram apenas efeitos sedativos nas concentrações proporcionais ao óleo essencial. O (+)-espatulenol (51.2 mg L-1) promoveu anestesia profunda sem efeitos adversos. Uma maior concentração de (+)-espatulenol e menores quantidades ou ausência deE-(-)-pinocanfona poderiam contribuir para melhorar a atividade anestésica e segurança do óleo essencial de A. gratissima. O (+)-espatulenol apresentou potente atividade sedativa e anestésica em jundiás, e poderia ser considerado um composto viável para o desenvolvimento de um novo anestésico.

This work aimed to determine the efficacy of the essential oil of A. gratissima as anesthetic for silver catfish, and to perform the bio-guided fractionation of essential oil aiming to isolate compounds responsible for the noted effects. Fish were submitted to anesthesia bath with essential oil, its fractions and isolated compounds to determine time of anesthetic induction and recovery. Eugenol (50 mg L-1) was used as positive control. Essential oil of A. gratissima was effective as an anesthetic at concentrations of 300 to 900 mg L-1. Fish presented involuntary muscle contractions during induction and recovery. The bio-guided fractionation of essential oil furnishedE-(-)-pinocamphone, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, (-)-guaiol and (+)-spathulenol. E-(-)-pinocamphone caused the same side effects observed for essential oil. (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, (-)-guaiol and (+)-spathulenol showed only sedative effects at proportional concentrations to those of the constituents in essential oil. (+)-Spathulenol (51.2 mg L-1) promoted deep anesthesia without side effects. A higher concentration of (+)-spathulenol, and lower or absent amounts ofE-(-)-pinocamphone could contribute to increase the activity and safety of the essential oil of A. gratissima. (+)-Spathulenol showed potent sedative and anesthetic activities in silver catfish, and could be considered as a viable compound for the development of a new anesthetic.

Objective: Medical training is considered a significant stress factor. We sought to assess the prevalence and intensity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in medical students and compare samples of first-year and sixth-year students. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of first- and sixth-year medical students who attended classes regularly. The study instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: A total of 232 students (110 first-year, 122 sixth-year) completed the questionnaires, for a response rate of 67.4%. Overall 50.4% of respondents were male (56.4% of first-year and 45.1% of sixth-year students). Anxiety symptoms were reported by 30.8% of first-year students and 9.4% of sixth-year students (p < 0.001). Female students were more affected by anxiety. There were no significant between-group differences in depressive symptoms. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms was found in first-year medical students as compared with sixth-year students. Strategies should be developed to help medical students, particularly female students, manage these symptoms at the beginning of their medical training.

A baixa disponibilidade de boro (B) no solo é um dos fatores que mais limita a produção do girassol, planta oleaginosa caracterizada por ampla adaptabilidade climática. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de doses de boro, aplicadas em distintas classes de solos, no desenvolvimento do girassol cultivar Hélio 863. As amostras foram coletadas na camada de 0-20 cm dos solos: Argissolo Acinzentado (PAC); Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (PVA); Neossolo Litólico (RL); Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico (PVe); Neossolo Flúvico (RY) e Vertissolo Háplico (VX). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 4 (solos x doses), com quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi representada por uma planta por vaso. Os solos apresentaram efeito significativo (p < 0,01) sobre todos os parâmetros de crescimento estudados. As plantas de girassol cultivadas nos solos RY, VX, PAC e RL apresentaram a maior área foliar, os maiores capítulos, o maior teor de boro foliar e maior número de folhas e altura de plantas, respectivamente. A adubação com boro não influenciou a produção de fitomassa seca do girassol cv. Hélio 863.

The low availability of boron (B) in the soil is one of the limiting factors for the production of sunflower, which is an oleaginous plant characterized by broad climatic adaptability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of boron rates applied in different soil classes on the development of sunflower cultivar Helium 863. The samples were collected in the layer 0-20 cm of the soil classes Gray Argisol - GL, Red Yellow Argisol -RYA, Litholic Neosol -LN, Eutrophic Red Argisol - ERA, Fluvic Neosol -FN and Haplic Vertisol - HV. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block 4 x 6 factorial (soils x doses) design, with four replications. The experimental unit was represented by one plant per pot. The soils showed significant effect (p <0.01) for all growth parameters studied. The sunflower plants grown in the soils FN, HV, GL and LN showed the highest leaf area, the largest inflorescence diameter, the highest levels of foliar boron, largest number of leaves and highest plant height, respectively. Fertilization with boron did not influence the production of dry matter of sunflower cv. Helium 863.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o metabolismo energético, proteico e mineral de ovelhas Santa Inês hígidas e com mastite subclínica acompanhadas durante o final da gestação e na lactação. Foram acompanhadas ovelhas submetidas ao mesmo sistema de criação semi-intensivo. Os animais foram avaliados conforme os momentos a seguir: 10 dias que precedeu o parto (dap) e 15 dias pós parto (dpp), 30 dpp, 60 dpp e 90 dpp. Os metabólitos sanguíneos foram avaliados a partir do momento que antecedeu ao parto e os metabólitos no soro lácteo nos momentos subsequentes. Após exame clínico e bacteriológico foi realizada a triagem das ovelhas acompanhadas neste estudo, sendo 12 hígidas e 18 com mastite subclínica. Durante a lactação, mantendo os mesmos critérios de triagem, foram selecionadas 11 glândulas mamárias sadias e 20 infectadas, das quais foi colhido o leite para obtenção do soro lácteo. Foram mensurados no soro sanguíneo os metabólitos do perfil energético (ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs), β-hidroxibutirato (BHB), frutosamina, colesterol e triglicérides), do perfil proteico (proteína total, albumina, uréia e creatinina) e do perfil mineral (ferro, cobre, zinco, magnésio, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, sódio e potássio). No soro lácteo foram mensurados os íons cálcio, sódio e potássio, bem como os AGNEs e o BHB. A bioquímica sanguínea revelou haver influência (P<0,05) do período do periparto e da lactação sobre as concentrações sanguíneas dos AGNEs, BHB, colesterol, albumina, uréia, cálcio ionizado e no soro lácteo sobre o íon potássio. As ovelhas portadoras de mastite subclínica apresentaram valores sanguíneos superiores (P<0,05) de colesterol, albumina e cobre e no soro lácteo teores superiores do íon sódio e dos AGNEs e inferiores do íon potássio. O bom escore corporal das ovelhas observado durante o estudo aliado aos achados bioquímicos permitiu concluir ter ocorrido maior requerimento energético no primeiro mês da lactação, porém não o suficiente para desencadear qualquer transtorno metabólico e o aparecimento de um quadro de cetonemia, sendo estas discretas alterações mais expressivas nas ovelhas com mastite subclínica.

The study aimed to evaluate the energy, protein and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês ewes, healthy and with subclinical mastitis, followed up during late gestation and lactation periods. Ewes subjected to the same semi-intensive nursing system were followed up. The animals were evaluated according to the following stages: 10 days before parturition (dbp) and 15 days postpartum (dpp), 30 dpp, 60 dpp, and 90 dpp. Blood metabolites were evaluated starting from the stage previous to parturition and whey metabolites were evaluated in the subsequent stages. A screening of the ewes followed up in this study (12 healthy and 18 with subclinical mastitis) was performed after a clinical and bacteriological examination. During lactation, maintaining the same screening criteria, 11 healthy and 20 infected mammary glands were selected; the milk for whey extraction was collected from these glands. Energy profile metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids [NEFAs], β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], fructosamine, cholesterol and triglycerides), protein profile (total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine) and mineral profile (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, total calcium, ionized calcium, sodium, and potassium) were measured in the blood serum. Calcium, sodium and potassium ions, as well as NEFAs and BHB were measured in the whey. Blood biochemistry revealed an influence (P<0.05) of the peripartum and lactation periods on the blood concentrations of NEFAs, BHB, cholesterol, albumin, urea, ionized calcium. An analysis of the whey also revealed an influence on the potassium ion. Ewes with subclinical mastitis showed higher (P<0.05) blood levels of cholesterol, albumin and copper; higher sodium ion concentrations and NEFAs, and lower potassium ion in whey. Good physical score of ewes observed during this study, combined with the biochemical findings, allowed us to conclude that there was a larger energy requirement in the first month of lactation; however, this requirement was not enough to trigger any metabolic disorder or the emergence of ketonemia, and these discrete changes were more apparent in ewes with subclinical mastitis.

No presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a influência das fases de lactação sobre o proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Foram acompanhadas ovelhas em sistema de criação semi-intensivo com o mesmo manejo higiênico, sanitário e nutricional avaliadas aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o parto (final da lactação e desmame). Procedeu-se ao exame clínico da glândula mámaria e triagem e cultivo bacteriológico. A triagem do material resultou em 44 amostras de leite de glândulas sadias baseadas no exame negativo simultâneo do CMT e do bacteriológico. Para a obtenção do soro lácteo utilizou-se solução de renina. O soro lácteo foi fracionado em alíquotas e mantido em freezer a -80°C para posterior separação das frações protéicas. Para determinação da proteína total do soro lácteo empregou-se o biureto. A separação das frações protéicas foi realizada utilizando-se eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Foram observadas oito proteínas entre elas lactoferrina, albumina sérica, IgA, IgG ( IgG de cadeia pesada - IgG CP e IgG de cadeia leve - IgG CL), β-lactoglobulina, α-lactoalbumina e as proteínas identificadas como PM 15.000 Da e PM 29.000 Da. Não foi observada diferença significativa nas diferentes fases de lactação nas seguintes proteínas: IgA (P>0,3895), lactoferrina (P>0,1611), PM 29000 (P>0,4879), αlactoalbumina (P>0,0799) e PM 15000 (P>0,4494). Na proteína total (P<0,0022) e nas proteínas albumina (P<0,0377), IgG (P<0,0354) verificou-se variação significativa nos primeiros momentos de observação, na proteína β-lactoglobulina (P<0,0005) verificou-se variação significativa com diminuição dos 15 até 30 dias pós parto com elevação progressiva até a última fase de lactação (90 dias pós parto). A técnica de SDS-PAGE permitiu a quantificação de oito proteínas no soro lácteo de ovelhas sadias. As proteínas identificadas refletem o perfil do soro lácteo para a espécie ovina, havendo influência das fases da lactação na concentração albumina, IgG e β-lactoglobulina.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactation phases on the proteinogram of whey protein in Santa Inês ewes. Ewes were accompanied in a semi-intensive system using the same sanitary and nutritional management evaluated at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum (end of weaning and lactation). Clinical examination of the mammary gland was carried out through and bacteriological culture. The screening of the material resulted in 44 milk samples of healthy glands concurrent negative by CMT and bacteriological culture exam. For obtaining the whey protein renin solution was used. The whey was fractionated into aliquots and kept in the -80C freezer to later separation of protein fractions. For determination of total protein of whey protein was employed the biuret, observing the linearity of the test. Separation of protein fractions was performed, using polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Eigth protein were observed including lactoferrin, serum albumin, IgA, IgG (heavy chain IgG (IgG CP), light chain IgG (IgG CL), β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and proteins identified as PM 15000 and PM 29000. No significant difference was observed at different stages of lactation in the following protein: IgA (P>0.3895), lactoferrin (P>0.1611), PM 29000 (P>0.4879), α-lactalbumin (P>0.0799) and PM15000 (P>0.4494). In total protein (P<0.0022), albumin protein (P<0.0377) and IgG (P<0.0354) it was observed a significant variation in the first moments of observations, in the β-lactoglobulin protein (P<0.0005) there was significant variation with reduction of 15 to 30 days postpartum with progressive elevation until the last stage of lactation (90 days postpartum). The SDS-PAGE technique allowed the quantification of eigth whey proteins in health ewes. The protein fractions identified reflect the profile of whey to ovine species, with influence of stages of lactation in albumin, IgG and β-lactoglobulin.

O mormo é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa de caráter agudo ou crônico que acomete principalmente os equídeos, causando enormes prejuízos na cadeia produtiva do cavalo. Para controlar a enfermidade o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) instituiu medidas sanitárias obrigatórias em todo território nacional que incluem o diagnóstico oficial pela fixação do complemento (FC), maleinização e sacrifício dos animais positivos. Os kits atuais utilizados no diagnóstico da doença são importados, dificultando e encarecendo sua aplicação na rotina. Objetivou-se com este estudo padronizar um teste de ELISA indireto utilizando o extrato protéico de Burkholderia mallei isolada a partir de equídeo portador no estado de Pernambuco. As amostras foram cultivadas em ágar sangue 10%, incubada por 48h a 37°C; posteriormente caracterizou-se fenotípica e genotipicamente uma das colônias isoladas, e em seguida a cultivou em BHI para enriquecimento; logo após, esta foi repicada para o meio Dor-set Henley o qual foi incubado a 37ºC sob 60rpm por oito semanas. Para padronização do teste utilizou-se o Conjugado Proteína G Peroxidase Sigma na diluição de 1:90.000, com soros diluídos em 1:100 e o antígeno em 1:400. Utilizou-se 60 soros como controle negativo testados frente à FC para determinação do ponto de corte o qual ficou em 0,042nm. Feitas as padronizações, foram testadas 300 amostras, onde 99% (297) foram concordantes com os resultados obtidos na FC. Ao final, o ensaio apresentou 100% de sensibilidade e 98,2% de especificidade com valores preditivo positivo e negativo de 97,7% e 100%, respectivamente. O teste de concordância kappa foi 0,98 e a repetibilidade intra e interplaca ficaram em 8,8 e 10,3%, respectivamente. Diante dos resultados obtidos durante os ensaios, conclui-se que o teste de ELISA indireto pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico eficiente. Entretanto, mais ensaios devem ser realizados visando consolidar a confiabilidade do referido teste.

Glanders is an infectious-contagious disease of acute or chronic character which principally affects horses, causing enormous losses in the productive chain of this animal. To control the disease, the Ministry of Agriculture, Husbandry and Supply instituted mandatory sanitation measures in the entire national territory which include an official diagnosis through the complement fixation (CF) test, maleinization and sacrifice of the animals that are positive. Nowadays the kits used for the diagnosis of the disease are imported, making their routine application difficult and more expensive. The objective of this study was to standardize an indirect ELISA test, using the proteic extract of Burkholderia mallei isolated from a carrier horse in the state of Pernambuco. The samples were cultivated in 10% blood agar and incubated for 48h at 37°C; later, one of the isolated colonies was characterized phenotypically and genotypically and immediately cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) for enrichment; then it was peaked (repicada) for the Dor-set Henley medium which was incubated at 37ºC under 60rpm for eight weeks. To standardize the test the Protein G Peroxidase Sigma Conjugate was used in the dilution of 1:90.000, with serums diluted in 1:100 and the antigen in 1:400. Sixty serums were used as negative controls, tested before the CF to determine the cutting point which was 0.042nm. After establishing the standardization, 300 samples were tested, of which 99% (297) were in agreement with the results obtained in the CF. At the end, of assay presented 100% sensibility and 98.2% specificity, with predictive (preditivo) positive and negative values of 97.7% and 100% respectively. The Kappa concordance test was 0.98 and the intra and interplac repeatability were 8.8% and 10.3% respectively. From the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that the indirect ELISA test can be used as an efficient diagnosis tool. However, more essays must be carried out to consolidate the reliability of this test.