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Abstract The TP53 3’UTR variant rs78378222 A>C has been detected in different tumor types as a somatic alteration that reduces p53 expression through modification of polyadenylation and miRNA regulation. Its prevalence is not yet known in all tumors. Herein, we examine tumor tissue prevalence of rs7837822 in Brazilian cohorts of patients from south and southeast regions diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD, n=586), sarcoma (SARC, n=188) and uterine leiomyoma (ULM, n=41). The minor allele (C) was identified in heterozygosity in 6/586 LUAD tumors (prevalence = 1.02 %) and none of the SARC and ULM samples. Additionally, next generation sequencing analysis revealed that all variant-positive tumors (n=4) with sample availability had additional pathogenic or likely pathogenic somatic variants in the TP53 coding regions. Among them, 3/4 (75 %) had the same pathogenic or likely pathogenic sequence variant (allele frequency <0.05 in tumor DNA) namely c.751A>C (p.Ile251Leu). Our results indicate a low somatic prevalence of rs78378222 in LUAD, ULM and SARC tumors from Brazilian patients, which suggests that no further analysis of this variant in the specific studied regions of Brazil is warranted. However, these findings should not exclude tumor molecular testing of this TP53 3’UTR functional variant for different populations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0133

Neonatal screening for spinal muscular atrophy: A pilot study in Brazil
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Oliveira Netto, Alice Brinckmann

; Brusius-Facchin, Ana Carolina

; Lemos, Júlia F.

; Pasetto, Fernanda B.

; Brasil, Carolina S.

; Trapp, Franciele B.

; Saute, Jonas Alex Morales

; Donis, Karina Carvalho

; Becker, Michele Michelin

; Wiest, Paloma

; Coutinho, Vivian L. S.

; Castro, Simone

; Ferreira, Juliana

; Silveira, Cynthia

; Bittar, Maria Fernanda R.

; Wang, Cristina

; Lana, Janaina M.

; França Junior, Marcondes Cavalcante

; Giugliani, Roberto

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2023, Volume 46 N. 3 elocation e20230126

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is considered one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 10,000 live births. Testing for SMA has been recommended for inclusion in neonatal screening (NBS) panels since there are several therapies available and there is evidence of greater efficacy when introduced in the pre/early symptomatic phases. In Brazil, the National Neonatal Screening Program tests for six diseases, with a new law issued in 2021 stating that it should incorporate more diseases, including SMA. In the present study, dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected by the Reference Services of Neonatal Screening of RS and SP, to perform the conventional test were also screened for SMA, using real-time PCR, with SALSA MC002 technique. A total of 40,000 samples were analyzed, enabling the identification of four positive cases of SMA, that were confirmed by MLPA. Considering our sampling, Brazil seems to have an incidence comparable to the described in other regions. This work demonstrated that the use of the MC002 technique in samples routinely collected for the conventional NBS program is suitable to screen for SMA in our conditions and can be included in the expansion of the neonatal screening programs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0126

Sobrevida de Pacientes Transplantados Cardíacos com Doença de Chagas Sob Diferentes Regimes de Imunossupressores Antiproliferativos
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Furquim, Silas Ramos

; Galbiati, Luana Campoli

; Avila, Monica S.

; Marcondes-Braga, Fabiana G.

; Fukushima, Julia

; Mangini, Sandrigo

; Seguro, Luis Fernando Bernal da Costa

; Campos, Iascara Wozniak de

; Strabelli, Tania Mara Varejão

; Barone, Fernanda

; Paulo, Audrey Rose da Silveira Amancio de

; Ohe, Luciana Akutsu

; Galante, Mariana Cappelletti

; Gaiotto, Fabio Antonio

; Bacal, Fernando

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 N. 10 elocation e20230133

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background Chagas’ disease (CD) is an important cause of heart transplantation (HT). The main obstacle is Chagas’ disease reactivation (CDR), usually associated to high doses of immunosuppressants. Previous studies have suggested an association of mycophenolate mofetil with increased CDR. However, mortality predictors are unknown. Objectives To identify mortality risk factors in heart transplant patients with CD and the impact of antiproliferative regimen on survival. Methods Retrospective study with CD patients who underwent HT between January 2004 and September 2020, under immunosuppression protocol that prioritized azathioprine and change to mycophenolate mofetil in case of rejection. We performed univariate regression to identify mortality predictors; and compared survival, rejection and evidence of CDR between who received azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and those who changed from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil after discharge (“Change” group). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Eighty-five patients were included, 54.1% men, median age 49 (39-57) years, and 91.8% were given priority in waiting list. Nineteen (22.4%) used azathioprine, 37 (43.5%) mycophenolate mofetil and 29 (34.1%) switched therapy; survival was not different between groups, 2.9 (1.6-5.0) x 2.9 (1.8-4.8) x 4.2 (2.0-5.0) years, respectively; p=0.4. There was no difference in rejection (42%, 73% and 59% respectively; p=0.08) or in CDR (T. cruzi positive by endomyocardial biopsy 5% x 11% x 7%; p=0.7; benznidazole use 58% x 65% x 69%; p=0.8; positive PCR for T. cruzi 20% x 68% x 42% respectively; p=0.1) rates. Conclusions This retrospective study did not show difference in survival in heart transplant patients with CD receiving different antiproliferative regimens. Mycophenolate mofetil was not associated with statistically higher rates of CDR or graft rejection in this cohort. New randomized clinical trials are necessary to address this issue.

Resumo Fundamento A Doença de Chagas (DC) é uma causa importante de transplante cardíaco (TC). O principal obstáculo é a reativação da DC (RDC), normalmente associada a altas doses de imunossupressores. Estudos anteriores sugeriram uma associação do micofenolato de mofetila com aumento na RDC. No entanto, preditores de mortalidade são desconhecidos. Objetivos Identificar os fatores de risco de mortalidade em pacientes com DC após o TC e o impacto do regime antiproliferativo sobre a sobrevida. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes chagásicos submetidos ao TC entre janeiro de 2004 e setembro de 2020, em protocolo de imunossupressão que priorizava o uso de azatioprina e sua mudança para micofenolato de mofetila em caso de rejeição. Realizamos regressão univariada para identificar preditores de mortalidade e comparamos sobrevida, rejeição, e evidência RDC entre os pacientes que usavam azatioprina, micofenolato de mofetila, e aqueles que mudaram de azatioprina para micofenolato (grupo “Mudança”) após a alta. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, 54,1% homens, idade mediana 49 (39-57) anos, e 91,8% com prioridade na lista de espera. Dezenove (22,4%) usavam azatioprina, 37 (43,5%) micofenolato de mofetila, e 29 (34,1%) trocaram a terapia; a sobrevida não foi diferente entre os grupos, 2,9 (1,6-5,0) x 2,9 (1,8-4,8) x 4,2 (2,0-5,0) anos, respectivamente; p=0,4. Não houve diferença na taxa de rejeição (42%, 73% e 59% respectivamente; p=0,08) ou de RDC (T. cruzi positiva na biópsia endomiocárdica 5% x 11% x 7%; p=0,7; uso benzonidazol 58% x 65% x 69%; p=0,8; PCR positiva para T. cruzi 20% x 68% x 42% respectivamente; p=0,1). Conclusões Este estudo retrospectivo com pacientes com DC e TC não mostrou diferença na sobrevida entre os diferentes regimes antiproliferativos. O uso de micofenolato de mofetila não foi associado com taxas significativamente mais altas de RDC ou rejeição do enxerto nesta coorte. Novos ensaios randomizados são necessários para abordar essa questão.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230133

Macroscopic, histological, and molecular aspects of Sarcocystis spp. infection in tissues of cattle and sheep
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Portella, Luiza Pires

; Fernandes, Fagner D’Ambroso

; Rodrigues, Fernando de Souza

; Minuzzi, Camila Encarnação

; Sangioni, Luis Antonio

; Flores, Mariana Martins

; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 3 elocation e003621

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os aspectos macroscópicos, histológicos e moleculares de Sarcocystis spp. foram examinados nos tecidos de dois bovinos e quatro ovinos, 16 e oito fragmentos analisados, respectivamente, condenados no matadouro. Todas as 24 amostras foram coletadas e analisadas para detecção de macrocistos e lesões macroscópicas. Posteriormente, subdivididas para exame direto, reação em cadeia da polimerase e exame histopatológico. Todas as amostras de tecidos de ovelha apresentavam cistos grosseiramente visíveis, caracterizados como brancos, de redondos a ovais e estruturas variando de 0,3 a 1 cm de diâmetro. Em contraste, os tecidos de bovinos não apresentavam cistos grosseiramente visíveis, mas tinham focos branco-amarelos com contornos irregulares, distribuídos aleatoriamente. Todas as amostras de bovinos e ovinos apresentavam cistos microscópicos. No exame histológico de tecidos ovinos foram observadas estruturas basofílicas circulares a alongadas, encapsuladas, variando de 30 a 3.000 µm de comprimento e 20 a 1.000 µm de largura dentro das fibras do músculo esquelético. Nos tecidos de bovinos, todos os quatro fragmentos de músculo cardíaco analisados continham estruturas basofílicas circulares a alongadas, dentro dos cardiomiócitos e em algumas fibras de Purkinje. PCRs foram realizadas utilizando-se os "primers" 2L e 3H. Em conclusão, todos os 24 tecidos estavam infectados com Sarcocystis spp., sendo S. gigantea (em ovinos) e S. cruzi (em bovinos) as espécies identificadas por sequenciamento.

Abstract The macroscopic, histological, and molecular aspects of Sarcocystis spp. were examined in the tissues of two cattle and four sheep, 16 and eight fragments analyzed respectively, condemned in the slaughterhouse. All 24 samples were collected and analyzed for detecting macrocysts and macroscopic lesions. Subsequently, subdivided for direct examination, polymerase chain reaction and histopathological examination. All sheep tissues samples had grossly white round to oval tissue cysts, ranging from 0.3 to 1 cm in diameter. In contrast, cattle tissues did not present grossly visible cysts but had randomly distributed white-yellow foci with irregular contours. All samples from cattle and sheep had microscopic cysts. In the histological examination of sheep tissues, circular to elongated, encapsulated, basophilic structures ranging from 30 to 3,000 µm in length and 20 to 1,000 µm in width were observed within the skeletal muscle fibers. In cattle tissues, all cardiac muscle four fragments analyzed contained circular to elongated basophilic structures inside cardiomyocytes and in some Purkinje fibers. PCR were performed using the primers: 2L and 3H. In conclusion, all 24 tissues were infected with Sarcocystis spp., and S. gigantea (in sheep) and S. cruzi (in cattle). were the identified species by sequencing.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021050 194 downloads

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) extract inhibits hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette smoke-induced oxidative pulmonary damage
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CAMARA, FERNANDA D.M.

; PEDROSO, GIULIA S.

; ROMAN, SILVANE S.

; DALLAGO, ROGÉRIO M.

; VALDUGA, ALICE T.

; FERNANDES, BRUNA B.

; CUNHA, EDUARDO B.B.

; SILVEIRA, PAULO CESAR L.

; NESI, RENATA T.

; PINHO, RICARDO A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 N. 2 elocation e20191141

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) extract (YME) on oxidative stress parameters and pathological changes in the lungs of mice chronically exposed to hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette (HRC) smoke. Twenty-four male Swiss mice were divided into four groups exposed to the following treatments: control (ambient air), HRC, YME, and HRC plus YME. The animals were exposed to four HRCs per session, with 3 sessions/day, every day for 30 days. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, the mice were killed, and the left lungs were removed. The results showed that HRC contains elevated levels of tin and carbon oxide, but less arsenic, cobalt, manganese, and selenium than commercial cigarettes. YME administration reversed fibrosis, alveolar enlargement, and hemorrhage induced by HRC smoke. In addition, the YME and HRC significantly reduced the production of oxidants, oxidative damage and promoted a significant increase in total thiol. In conclusion, exposure to HRC smoke compromised pulmonary histoarchitecture by promoting structural changes and increasing oxidative stress in tissues. However, concomitant treatment with YME regulated the redox state and reduced the harmful effects of HRC smoke exposure in the lungs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020191141 582 downloads

Cytotoxic Effect of Erythroxylum suberosum Combined with Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines
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Macedo, Taysa B. C.

; Elias, Silvia T.

; Torres, Hianne M.

; Yamamoto-Silva, Fernanda Paula

; Silveira, Dâmaris

; Magalhães, Pérola O.

; Lofrano-Porto, Adriana

; Guerra, Eliete N. S.

; Silva, Maria Alves G.

Brazilian Dental Journal

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feb 2016, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 108 - 112

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O câncer de boca e de orofaringe emerge como o 6º tipo de câncer mais comum no mundo. O tratamento pode envolver cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia. Mais de 50% das drogas com atividade de combate ao câncer foram isoladas de fontes naturais, tais como a Catharanthus roseus e a epipodofilotoxina, isolada de Podophyllum. O maior desafio é maximizar o controle da doença, enquanto minimiza a morbidade e toxicidade para os tecidos normais circundantes. O Erythroxylum suberosum é uma planta comum no bioma Cerrado brasileiro e é popularmente conhecida como "cabelo-de-negro". O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade dos extratos da planta Erythroxylum suberosum do bioma Cerrado brasileiro, associados à radioterapia em linhagens celulares humanas de carcinomas de língua e de hipofaringe. As células foram tratadas com os extratos aquoso, etanólico e hexânico do Erythroxylum suberosum e irradiadas com 4 Gy, 6 Gy e 8 Gy. A citotoxidade foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT e a absorvância foi medida a 570 nm em uma leitora Beckman. A cisplatina, quimioterápico padrão, foi utilizada como controle positivo. O uso de extratos de Erythroxylum suberosum mostrou potencial efeito radiosensibilizante in vitro no câncer de cabeça e pescoço. O efeito da citotoxicidade nas linhagens foi de forma não seletiva e muito semelhante ao efeito da quimioterapia padrão. O extrato aquoso de Erythroxylum suberosum, combinado com radioterapia, foi o extrato mais citotóxico para os carcinomas de língua e hipofaringe, associados à radioterapia.

Abstract The mouth and oropharynx cancer is the 6th most common type of cancer in the world. The treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More than 50% of drugs against cancer were isolated from natural sources, such as Catharanthus roseus and epipodophyllotoxin, isolated from Podophyllum. The biggest challenge is to maximize the control of the disease, while minimizing morbidity and toxicity to the surrounding normal tissues. The Erythroxylum suberosum is a common plant in the Brazilian Cerrado biome and is popularly known as "cabelo-de-negro". The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Erythroxylum suberosum plant extracts of the Brazilian Cerrado biome associated with radiotherapy in human cell lines of oral and hypopharynx carcinomas. Cells were treated with aqueous, ethanolic and hexanic extracts of Erythroxylum suberosum and irradiated at 4 Gy, 6 Gy and 8 Gy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm in a Beckman Counter reader. Cisplatin, standard chemotherapy, was used as positive control. The use of Erythroxylum suberosum extracts showed a possible radiosensitizing effect in vitro for head and neck cancer. The cytotoxicity effect in the cell lines was not selective and it is very similar to the effect of standard chemotherapy. The aqueous extract of Erythroxylum suberosum, combined with radiotherapy was the most cytotoxic extract to oral and hypopharynx carcinomas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600014 2349 downloads

Babesia canis vogeli infection in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Araujo, Andreina C.

; Silveira, Júlia A.G.

; Azevedo, Sérgio S.

; Nieri-Bastos, Fernanda A.

; Ribeiro, Múcio F.B.

; Labruna, Marcelo B.

; Horta, Mauricio C.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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may 2015, Volume 35 N. 5 Pages 456 - 461

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo:Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência de Babesia canis vogeli em cães e carrapatos de áreas urbanas e rurais do município de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Amostras de soro e sangue periférico de 404 cães foram testadas pela Reação de Imunoflorescência Indireta (RIFI), e por esfregaço sanguíneo. A presença de infestação por carrapatos foi avaliada, e alguns espécimes foram submetidos à amplificação do DNA pela Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). A presença de anticorpos anti-B. canis vogeli foi determinada em 57,9% (234/404) dos cães. A soroprevalência em áreas urbanas e rurais foi 48,5% e 67,3%, respectivamente. A detecção direta de Babesia spp foi obtida em 0,5% dos cães pela visualização de formas intraeritrocitárias. A infestação pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi observada em 54,5% (220/404) dos cães. DNA de Babesia canis vogeli obtido pela PCR foi 6% (3/50) em carrapatos processados individualmente e 8,7% (7/80) em pools. Os fatores de risco para presença de anticorpos anti- B. canis vogeli utilizando modelo de regressão logística (P < 0,05) foram porte médio (P <0,001), contato com áreas de floresta (P = 0,021), e acesso dos cães à rua (P = 0,046). Este estudo descreve pela primeira vez a confirmação da infecção de Babesia canis infectando cães e carrapatos em uma região semiárida de Pernambuco, Brasil.

Abstract:This study aimed to report the prevalence of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the urban and rural areas of Petrolina, Pernambuco. Serum and peripheral blood samples of 404 dogs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and by blood smears, respectively. The presence of tick infestation was evaluated, and some specimens were submitted to DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of antibodies anti-B. canis vogeli was determinate in 57.9% (234/404) of dogs. The direct detection of Babesia spp was obtained in 0.5% (2/404) dogs by visualization of intraerythrocytic forms. Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was observed in 54.5% (220/404) of dogs in both urban and rural areas. DNA of Babesia canis vogeli were obtained by PCR in 6% individual (3/50) and 8.7% of pool of ticks (7/80). The risk factors for the presence of anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies, as determined through the application of logistic regression models (P<0.05), were the following: medium breed size variables (P<0.001); contact with areas of forest (P=0.021); and access on the street (P=0.046). This study describes, for the first time, the confirmation of infection of B. canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000500012 4383 downloads

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi
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Maia, Leonor C.

; Carvalho Júnior, Aníbal A. de

; Cavalcanti, Laise de H.

; Gugliotta, Adriana de M.

; Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R.

; Santiago, André L.M. de A.

; Cáceres, Marcela E. da S.

; Gibertoni, Tatiana B.

; Aptroot, André

; Giachini, Admir J.

; Soares, Adriene M. da S.

; Silva, Allyne C.G.

; Magnago, Altielys C.

; Goto, Bruno T.

; Lira, Carla R.S. de

; Montoya, Carlos A.S.

; Pires-Zottarelli, Carmen L.A.

; Silva, Danielle K.A. da

; Soares, Dartanhã J.

; Rezende, Diogo H.C.

; Luz, Edna D.M.N.

; Gumboski, Emerson L.

; Wartchow, Felipe

; Karstedt, Fernanda

; Freire, Fernando M.

; Coutinho, Flávia P.

; Melo, Georgea S. N. de

; Sotão, Helen M. P.

; Baseia, Iuri G.

; Pereira, Jadergudson

; Oliveira, Jadson J.S. de

; Souza, João F.

; Bezerra, José L.

; Neta, Lídia S. Araujo

; Pfenning, Ludwig H.

; Gusmão, Luís F.P.

; Neves, Maria A.

; Capelari, Marina

; Jaeger, Melissa C.W.

; Pulgarín, Melissa P.

; Menolli Junior, Nelson

; Medeiros, Priscila S. de

; Friedrich, Raquel C.S.

; Chikowski, Renata dos S.

; Pires, Ricardo M.

; Melo, Roger F.

; Silveira, Rosa M.B. da

; Urrea-Valencia, Salomé

; Cortez, Vagner G.

; Silva, Valéria F. da

Rodriguésia

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2015, Volume 66 N. 4 Pages 1033 - 1045

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Até 2010, o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos do Brasil estava registrado em publicações esparsas de taxonomia e ecologia e em algumas poucas listas de espécies. Com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, e a disponibilização da lista online, tem sido possível agregar o conhecimento disperso. A versão ora apresentada acrescenta 2.111 nomes de espécies aos 3.608 listados em 2010. São citadas 5.719 espécies de fungos distribuídas em 1.246 gêneros, 102 ordens e 13 divisões, consistindo em considerável aumento em relação a 2010, quando estavam registrados 924 gêneros e 78 ordens. Predominam os Basidiomycota (2.741 espécies, em 22 ordens) e Ascomycota (1.881 espécies, em 41 ordens). A Mata Atlântica possui a maior quantidade de registros, com 3.017 espécies, seguido pela Amazonia (1.050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) e Pampa e Pantanal com 84 e 35 espécies, respectivamente. A região Nordeste tem a maior riqueza (2.617 especies), seguida pelo Sudeste (2.252), Sul (1.995), Norte (1.301) e Centro Oeste (488 espécies). Em relação aos Estados da Federação, São Paulo (1.846 espécies), Pernambuco (1.611) e Rio Grande do Sul (1.377) são os mais diversos.

Abstract Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version presented here adds 2,111 species names to the 3,608 listed in 2010. A total of 5,719 species of fungi distributed in 1,246 genera, 102 orders and 13 phyla represents a considerable increase over the last five years, when only 924 genera and 78 orders were registered. Basidiomycota (2,741 species in 22 orders) and Ascomycota (1,881 species in 41 orders) predominate over other groups. The Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of records, with 3,017 species, followed by Amazon Rainforest (1,050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) and Pampa and Pantanal with 84 and 35 species, respectively. The Northeast region has the greatest richness (2,617 species), followed by Southeast (2,252), South (1,995), North (1,301) and Central-West (488 species). Regarding the States of the Federation, São Paulo with 1,846 species, Pernambuco with 1,611 and Rio Grande do Sul with 1,377 species are the most diverse.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566407 9322 downloads

Genotypic study documents divergence in the pathogenesis of bloodstream infection related central venous catheters in neonates
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Brito, Cristiane Silveira

; Ribas, Rosineide Marques

; Resende, Daiane Silva

; Brito, Denise Von Dolinger de

; Abdallah, Vânia Olivetti Steffen

; Santos, Kátia Regina Netto dos

; Cavalcante, Fernanda Sampaio

; Matos, Pricilla Dias Moura de

; Gontijo Filho, Paulo P.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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aug 2014, Volume 18 N. 4 Pages 387 - 393

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of bloodstream infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis, using the molecular epidemiology, in high-risk neonates. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of neonates with bloodstream infection using central venous catheters for more than 24 h. "National Healthcare Safety Network" surveillance was conducted. Genotyping was performed by DNA fingerprinting and mecA genes and icaAD were detected by multiplex-PCR. RESULTS: From April 2006 to April 2008, the incidence of bloodstream infection and central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection was 15.1 and 13.0/1000 catheter days, respectively, with S. epidermidis accounting for 42.9% of episodes. Molecular analysis was used to document the similarity among six isolates of bloodstream infection by S. epidermidis from cases with positive blood and central venous catheter tip cultures. Fifty percent of neonates had bloodstream infection not identified as definite or probable central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection. Only one case was considered as definite central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and was extraluminally acquired; the remaining were considered probable central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections, with one probable extraluminally and another probable intraluminally acquired bloodstream infection. Additionally, among mecA+ and icaAD+ samples, one clone (A) was predominant (80%). A polyclonal profile was found among sensitive samples that were not carriers of the icaAD gene. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of infections caused by S. epidermidis in neonates had an unknown origin, although 33.3% appeared to have been acquired intraluminally and extraluminally. We observed a polyclonal profile between sensitive samples and a prevalent clone (A) between resistant samples.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2013.11.010 1131 downloads

10.

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and generic Escherichia coli on beef carcasses sampled at a brazilian slaughterhouse
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Silva, Fabiana Fernanda Pacheco da

; Horvath, Mariana Bandeira

; Silveira, Juliana Guedes

; Pieta, Luiza

; Tondo, Eduardo Cesar

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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2014, Volume 45 N. 1 Pages 17 - 24

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A total of 120 beef carcasses were analyzed during processing at a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil. The carcasses were sampled by swab at three different steps of the slaughter line and then they were tested for Salmonella and E. coli. The Salmonella isolates were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella prevalence distribution was modeled and the probability of contamination was simulated using @Risk program and 10,000 interactions. Results demonstrated that 4 beef carcasses (3.3%) were positive for Salmonella only in the first point. The six isolates of Salmonella were classified: S. Newport (n = 3), S. Saintpaul (n = 2) and S. Anatum (n = 1). No Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to any of the antimicrobials tested. As expected, the most contaminated point with E. coli was the first point (hide), presenting counts from 0.31 to 5.07 log cfu/100 cm². Much smaller E. coli counts were observed in the other points. Results indicated low levels of Salmonella and E. coli on the beef carcasses analyzed and also low probability of contamination of the carcasses by Salmonella, suggesting adequate microbiological quality.

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11.

Effect of high temperature on germination of four legumes from a forest-grassland mosaic in Southern Brazil
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Silveira, Fernanda Schmidt

; Overbeck, Gerhard Ernst

Biota Neotropica

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jun 2013, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 331 - 335

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A passagem do fogo pode quebrar a dormência de sementes de muitas espécies em ecossistemas suscetíveis ao fogo. Essa resposta ao fogo é especialmente bem conhecida para espécies da família Fabaceae, mas tem sido pouco estudado no Sul do Brasil. Coletamos sementes de quatro espécies de Fabaceae presentes em mosaicos de campo-florestas do Sul do Brasil: Mimosa bimucronata, Desmodium barbatum, Sesbania virgata e Collaea stenophylla. As sementes foram expostas a diferentes tratamentos de calor (60 °C e 80 °C, ambos por 5 minutos, e 100° C por 2 minutos, mais controle sem tratamento de calor). Nem todas as espécies foram submetidas a todos os tratamentos. Após o tratamento, as sementes foram mantidas em câmara de germinação com fotoperíodo 12/12 horas e temperatura de 25 °C. A porcentagem de sementes germinadas foi contada a cada 2 dias. Os resultados foram analisados por teste de aleatorização. A taxa de germinação de D. barbatum e S. virgata aumentou quando expostas a altas temperaturas (80 °C e 60 °C, respectivamente), enquanto M. bimucronata mostrou redução e C. stenophylla nenhuma resposta aos tratamentos. Esse estudo foi o primeiro para o Sul do Brasil a mostrar uma resposta positiva na germinação de espécies campestres expostas a altas temperaturas, simulando os efeitos do fogo. Como o estudo apresentou respostas distintas, é importante conduzir trabalhos com outras espécies da família a fim de detectar padrões gerais.

Passage of a fire can break dormancy of the seeds of many plant species in fire-prone ecosystems. This response to fire is especially well known for the Fabaceae family, but has been poorly studied in Southern Brazil. We collected seeds of four Fabaceae species present in grasslands-forest mosaics of Southern Brazil: Mimosa bimucronata, Desmodium barbatum, Sesbania virgata and Collaea stenophylla. Seeds were exposed to different heat treatments (exposure to 60° and 80 °C for 5 minutes, to 100 °C for 2 minutes, control without heat treatment); not all species were tested in all treatments. After the treatment, the seeds were kept in a germination chamber with a light period of 12/12 hours and temperature of 25 °C. Germinated seeds were counted every 2 days. The results were analyzed by randomization testing. Germination of D. barbatum and S. virgata was increased after exposure to high temperatures (80° and 60 °C, respectively), while M. bimucronata showed reduced germination after temperatures of 80 °C and C. stenophylla no response. This study is the first for Southern Brazil to show a positive response of germination for grassland species exposed to high temperatures, simulating fire effects. As the study presented distinct responses of species to the heat treatment, it seems important to conduct more works with other species from the family, in order to be able to detect more general patterns.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000200035 2822 downloads

12.

Acaricide activity of leaves extracts of Sambucus australis Schltdl. (Caprifoliaceae) at 2% on engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
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Krawczak, Felipe da Silva

; Buzatti, Andréia

; Pivoto, Felipe Lamberti

; Sangioni, Luís Antônio

; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores

; Botton, Sônia de Avila

; Zanetti, Gilberto Dolejal

; Manfron, Melânia Palermo

Ciência Rural

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dec 2011, Volume 41 N. 12 Pages 2159 - 2163

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A infestação por Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por grandes perdas econômicas em países produtores de bovinos nas áreas tropicais e subtropicais. Usos indiscriminados de acaricidas químicos têm contribuído para o aparecimento da resistência dos ixodídeos a múltiplas drogas, representando um sério problema no controle de carrapatos. As flores da planta Sambucus australis, conhecidas pelo nome popular de sabugueiro do Brasil, são usadas, na forma de infusão ou emplastros, na medicina popular como diurético, antipirético, antiinflamatório e laxativo; também empregado no tratamento de doenças respiratórias em humanos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial in vitro de extratos de folhas de S. australis, como agente carrapaticida. O extrato etanólico a 70% foi dessecado e retomado parte em etanol a 70% ou em água destilada, numa concentração final de 2% (0,2mg-1). No biocarrapaticidograma obteve-se resultados de eficácia entre 34% e 66% para o extrato de folhas diluído em água e etanol a 70%, respectivamente. Esse estudo é o primeiro relato de ação carrapaticida de S. australis. Estudos adicionais para determinar os metabólitos ativos, em diferentes estágios de S. australis, fornecerão subsídios para identificar os extratos apropriados a serem testados no controle do R. (B.) microplus.

Parasite infections caused by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus are responsible for the most of economic losses in producing-cattle countries in tropical and subtropical areas. Indiscriminate uses of chemical acaricides have contributed with the appearance of tick resistance to many drugs available in the marketplace, and it is a serious problem in the tick control. Flowers of Sambucus australis (South America), called "sabugueiro-from-Brazil", are used on infusions or decoctions forms in the folk medicine with diuretic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and laxative purpose, also employed for treating respiratory diseases in human. The main goal of this study was to evaluate in vitro potential of S. australis leaves extracts as an acaricide agent. Ethanol extract at 70% has been dehydrated and a fraction was suspended in 70% ethanol or in distillated water at final concentration of 2% (0.2mg-1). Using the immersion test of engorged females the efficiency results were obtained in 34% and 66% with the leaves extract diluted in water and 70% ethanol, respectively. This study is the first report on acaricidal activity of S. australis against cattle tick. Further studies to determine the active metabolites in different stages of S. australis could aid to identify suitable extracts to be tested in the R. (B.) microplus control.

2501 downloads

13.

Anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies in free-ranging and captive capybaras from southern Brazil
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Fortes, Fernanda S.

; Santos, Leonilda C.

; Cubas, Zalmir S.

; Barros-Filho, Ivan R.

; Biondo, Alexander W.

; Silveira, Iara

; Labruna, Marcelo B.

; Molento, Marcelo B.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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nov 2011, Volume 31 N. 11 Pages 1014 - 1018

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As capivaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) estão entre os principais hospedeiros do carrapato Amblyomma spp., o qual pode transmitir algumas espécies de riquétsias para seres humanos e animais. Como são frequentemente infestadas por carrapatos vetores potenciais, as capivaras podem ser usadas como sentinelas para riquetsioses, como a Febre Maculosa Brasileira. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a soroprevalência de Rickettsia spp. por meio da reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) em 21 capivaras de vida livre e 10 capivaras de cativeiro do Zoológico do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, Itaipu Binacional, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil. Antígenos de seis espécies de riquétsias já identi[1]icadas no Brasil (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. bellii, R. rhipicephali, R. amblyommii e R. felis) foram utilizados para a RIFI. Carrapatos de cada capivara foram coletados para posterior identi[1]icação taxonômica. Um total de 19 (61,3%) amostras reagiu a pelo menos uma das espécies testadas. Foi encontrada soropositividade em 14 (45,2%), 12 (38,7%), 5 (16,1%), 4 (12,9%), 3 (9,7%) e 3 (9,7%) animais para R. rickettsii, R. bellii, R. parkeri, R. amblyommii, R. felis e R. rhipicephali, respectivamente. Duas capivaras de cativeiro apresentaram títulos sugestivos de infecção por R. rickettsii e uma amostra apresentou reação homóloga frente à R. parkeri. Apenas uma capivara de vida livre apresentou evidência de infecção por R. bellii. Os carrapatos coletados sobre as capivaras foram identificados como Amblyomma dubitatum e Amblyomma sp. Os resultados evidenciam a circulação de riquétsias na região, sugerindo uma potencial participação da capivara no ciclo de vida desta bactéria.

Capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) are among the main hosts of Amblyomma spp. ticks, which is able to transmit Rickettsia species to human beings and animals. Since they are often infested with potential vector ticks, capybaras may be used as sentinels for rickettsiosis, such as the Brazilian Spotted Fever. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in 21 free-ranging and 10 captive animals from the Zoological Park of the 'Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary' (BVBS), Itaipu Binational, Foz do Iguaçu, Southern Brazil. Antigens of six rickettsial species already identified in Brazil (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. bellii, R. rhipicephali, R. amblyommii and R. felis) were used for IFA. Ticks from each capybara were collected for posterior taxonomic identification. A total of 19 (61.3%) samples reacted to at least one of tested species. Seropositivity was found in 14 (45.2%), 12 (38.7%), 5 (16.1%), 4 (12.9%), 3 (9.7%) and 3 (9.7%) animals for R. rickettsii, R. bellii, R. parkeri, R. amblyommii, R. felis and R. rhipicephali, respectively. Two captive capybaras presented suggestive titers of R. rickettsii infection and one sample showed homologous reaction to R. parkeri. Only one free-ranging capybara presented evidence R. bellii infection. Ticks collected on capybaras were identified as Amblyomma dubitatum e Amblyomma sp. Results evidenced the rickettsial circulation in the area, suggesting a potential role of capybaras on bacterial life cycle.

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14.

Glicoalcaloides antifúngicos, flavonoides e outros constituintes químicos de Solanum asperum
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Pinto, Francisco das Chagas L.

; Uchoa, Daniel Esdras de A.

; Silveira, Edilberto R.

; Pessoa, Otília Deusdênia L.

; Braz-Filho, Raimundo

; Silva, Fernanda M. e

; Theodoro, Phellipe N. E. T.

; Espíndola, Laila S.

Química Nova

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2011, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 284 - 288

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Two glycoalkaloids: solamargine and solasonine; three flavonoids: tiliroside, 7-O-α-L-ramnopyranosyl-kaempferol and 3-O-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-L-ramnopyranosyl]-7- O-α-L-ramnopyranosyl-kaempferol, in addition to the tripeptide Leu-Ile-Val, the aminoacid proline and the eicosanoic acid were isolated from Solanum asperum (Solanaceae). The structures of all compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectra (IR, MS, ¹H and 13C NMR) and comparison with the literature data. All compounds, except the glycoalkaloids, are being reported for the first time for S. asperum. Solasonine showed strong activity (MIC < 0.24 μg/mL) against four filamentous fungi species of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton.

4618 downloads

15.

Characterization of powdery mildews strains from soybean, bean, sunflower, and weeds in Brazil using rDNA-ITS sequences
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Almeida, Álvaro M.R.

; Binneck, Eliseu

; Piuga, Fernanda F.

; Marin, Silvana R.R.

; Valle, Paula R.Z. Ribeiro do

; Silveira, Cesar A.

Tropical Plant Pathology

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feb 2008, Volume 33 N. 1 Pages 20 - 26

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O oídio da soja, causado por Erysiphe diffusa, foi considerado uma doença de menor importância, desde a sua identificação no Brasil. Entretanto, após o surto na safra de 1996/97, em todas as áreas cultivadas, a doença tornou-se uma ameaça constante para os agricultores, com perdas relatadas de até 25%. A identificação de uma nova espécie (E. glycines) no Japão e a ocorrência em outras espécies de plantas comumente encontradas próximas a campos de soja (Phaseolus vulgaris,Helianthus annuus,Sonchus oleraceus,Hypochaeris brasiliensis e Bidens pilosa) levantou questões em relação à taxonomia dos oídios encontrados nas lavouras. Análises moleculares da região espaçadora interna transcrita (ITS) do rDNA foi utilizada para a identificação molecular das espécies presentes em cada planta hospedeira. Oídios isolados de soja (Glycine max) foram identificados como E. diffusa. Isolados de feijão (P. vulgaris) foram similares a E. diffusa, com 4 nt diferentes, e diferiram de E. poligony em 11 nt. Isolados de H. annuus e S. oleraceus agruparam-se com a espécie Golovinomyces cichoracearum, enquanto isolados de H. brasiliensis e B. pilosa foram similares a Podosphaera fusca e Neoerysiphe cumminsiana, respectivamente. Ao nosso conhecimento esta é a primeira identificação molecular de oídios no Brasil, através da comparação de seqüências de rDNA. Esta também é uma evidência da ocorrência de N. cumminsiana na América.

Soybean powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) was considered a minor disease in Brazil in the decades immediately after its identification. However, since the outbreak in 1996/97 in all cultivated areas the disease has become a constant threat to farmers and losses of up to 25% have been reported. The report of a new species, E. glycines, infecting soybean in Japan, and the occurrence of the disease in other plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris, Helianthus annuus,Sonchus oleraceus,Hypochaeris brasiliensis, and Bidens pilosa) commonly found growing nearby soybean fields, raised questions in relation to the taxonomy of the powdery mildew strains found in or around soybean fields in Brazil. Analysis of the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) of the rDNA was undertaken to ascertain the pathogen species associated to each of the hosts. Powdery mildew strains isolated from Glycine max were identified as E. diffusa. Strains from P. vulgaris were very similar to E. diffusa, with 4 nt differences, and differed from Erysiphe poligony by 11 nt. Strains from H. annuus and S. oleraceus grouped with the species Golovinomyces cichoracearum, while strains from H. brasiliensis and B. pilosa were similar to Podosphaera fusca and Neoerysiphe cumminsiana, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first molecular identification of powdery mildew in Brazil based on rDNA sequence comparison. In addition, this study presented evidence for the occurrence of N. cumminsiana in America.

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