RESUMO O intemperismo de alguns minerais silicáticos em rochas moídas pode ocorrer em alguns dias de cultivo e gerar diferentes propriedades físico-químicas, com benefícios potenciais a solos tropicais. Objetivou-se investigar a infuência da rizosfera do milho (Zea mays L.) nos produtos do intemperismo e na capacidade de troca de cátions da biotita-Mg da biotita xisto e biotita-Fe da biotita sienito. Um experimento em vasos foi conduzido de forma que plantas e rochas moídas foram avaliadas por sete ciclos de cultivo sucessivos. Os nutrientes ferro e potássio foram adquiridos da biotita xisto e da biotita sienito durante o cultivo. O intemperismo das biotitas promovido pela rizosfera causou mudanças mineralógicas. A mudança mais expressiva nos padrões da difração de raios-X ocorreu na fração com partículas < 53 µm, mas as frações 53-300 µm também mudaram. A alteração na biotita-Mg, que possui menor relação Fe/Mg nos sítios octaedrais que a biotita-Fe, foi responsável pelo maior aumento na capacidade de troca de cátions nas frações < 300 µm. Entretanto, o processo de intemperismo da biotita-Fe, a qual apresenta alta relação Fe/Mg nos sítios octaedrais, não aumentou a capacidade de troca de cátions.

ABSTRACT The weathering of some silicate minerals in crushed rocks may occur in a few days of cropping and generate different physicochemical properties, with potential benefits to tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the infuence of maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere on the weathering products and on the cation exchange capacity of Mg-biotite from biotite schist and Fe-biotite from biotite syenite. An experiment was carried out in pots, so that plants and crushed rock materials could be evaluated during seven successive growth cycles. The nutrients iron and potassium were taken up from biotite schist and biotite syenite during cropping. The weathering of both biotites promoted by the rhizosphere caused mineralogical changes. The most expressive change in the X-ray diffraction patterns occurred in the < 53 µm particle size fraction; however, the 53-300 µm fractions also changed. The alteration in the Mg-biotite, which has a lower Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites than the Fe-biotite, was responsible for the most expressive cation exchange capacity increase in the fractions < 300 µm. However, the Fe-biotite weathering process, which presents a higher Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites, did not increase the cation exchange capacity.

ABSTRACT: Tolerance to acid soil is an important trait of Eucalyptus and Pinus species introduced into commercial forestry plantations in tropical ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the exchangeable Al on growth of the seedlings of two species and one hybrid of Eucalyptus and two species of Pinus. We also wanted to identify the role of the root cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) on Al tolerance. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The soil used was collected from the top layer of a red yellow Oxisol, from the Brazilian savanna region. The treatments consisted of different rates of P and the presence or absence of liming with CaCO3 and MgCO3. The species of Eucalyptus and Pinus showed no growth differences between the treatments. For all species, a higher density of fine roots was found in treatments with lower levels of bases and a higher Al exchangeable concentration. The Pinus species had a higher root CEC than the Eucalyptus species, which had a lower leaf Al concentration. Al concentration in the fine roots was 50 fold greater than in the leaves of all species. Similar to Al, concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn in the roots were significantly higher than in the leaves in all species. In contrast, higher Mn concentration was found in the leaf tissue. This may lead species of Eucalyptus and Pinus to be more susceptible to Mn than to Al toxicity.

Resumo O desenvolvimento e crescimento ósseo é um processo contínuo, que dura toda a vida, variando muito entre os indivíduos e grande parte dessa variação pode ser modulada por fatores genéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre os polimorfismos no gene TNF-a e a má oclusão da classe II esquelética. Polimorfismos no gene TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) foram estudados em 79 indivíduos com má oclusão esquelética de classe II e 102 indivíduos com má oclusão esquelética classe I do Grupo de Estudos em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Funcional dos Maxilares do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A genotipagem destes polimorfismos foi realizada por PCR em tempo real, através de DNA genômico extraído de células bucais. Todas as frequências alélicas e genotípicas foram comparadas entre os grupos utilizando o software PLINK® em um modelo livre, dominante e recessivo. Foi aplicado o teste do qui-quadrado (p≤0,05). Não houve associação significativa na distribuição genotipica e alélica do gene TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) com a má oclusão de classe II esquelética. Independentemente do modelo genético dominante ou recessivo, as associações genotípicas preferenciais para rs1799724 e rs1800629 foram insignificantes. Pode-se concluir que, não existe evidência de associação entre polimorfismos genéticos envolvendo TNF-a e má oclusão esquelética de classe II ou a posição da maxila e mandíbula na direção póstero-anterior.

Abstract Bone development and growth is a non-going, life-long process, varying greatly among individuals and much of this variation could be modulated by genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms in the TNF-a gene and skeletal class II malocclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) gene were studied in 79 skeletal class II malocclusion and 102 skeletal class I malocclusion subjects from Straight Wire Group of Studies on Orthodontics and Functional Orthopedics for Maxillary from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Genotyping of these selected polymorphisms was carried out by TaqMan real-time PCR using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. All allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups using the PLINK® software in a free, in a dominant and in a recessive model using a chi-square test (p≤0.05). There was no significant association of TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) genotype and allele distribution with skeletal class II malocclusion. Regardless of the dominant or recessive genetic model, the preferential genotype associations for rs1799724 and rs1800629 was insignificant. In conclusion, no evidence of association is apparent between genetic polymorphisms involving TNF-a and skeletal class II malocclusion or the position of the maxilla and mandible in the postero-anterior direction.

ABSTRACT: Nasal hemorrhage or epistaxis is a common finding in the emergency department. The causes of epistaxis are varied and can be classified as local, systemic or a combination of both. The aim of this study was to report a case of embolization of branches of the maxillary artery for treatment of epistaxis secondary to facial trauma. A 43-year-old man suffered blunt trauma in the frontonasal area as a result of a bicycle accident. It presented with amnesia, severe epistaxis, panfacial edema and nasal deformity. The patient was hypotensive and hypothermic, with evidence of hemorrhagic intracranial. Orotracheal intubation was performed immediately to protect the airways and prevent aspiration of blood to the lower respiratory tract. The occlusion of the artery was successful and was immediately followed by cessation of oronasal bleeding. The patient was discharged after ten days. Arterial embolization should be the gold-standard treatment, which provides a safe and effective alternative for the control of epistaxis.

RESUMEN: La hemorragia nasal o epistaxis es un hallazgo común en el servicio de urgencias. Las causas de la epistaxis son variadas y pueden clasificarse como locales, sistémicas o una combinación. El objetivo de este estudio fuerelatar un caso de embolización de ramas de la arteria maxilar para el tratamiento de epistaxis secundaria a trauma facial. Um hombre de 43 años de edad sufrió traumatismo contuso en la zona frontonasal como consecuencia de un accidente de bicicleta. Se presentaba con amnesia, epistaxis grave, edema panfacial y deformidad nasal. El paciente fue hipotenso y hipotermático, con evidencia de hemorragia intracraneal. La intubación orotraqueal fue realizada inmediatamente para proteger las vías aéreas y evitar la aspiración de sangre para el tracto respiratorio inferior. La oclusión de la arteria fue exitosa y fue seguida inmediatamente por cesación de sangramiento oronasal. El paciente fue dado de alta después de diez días. La embolización arterial debe ser el tratamiento de elección, que proporciona una alternativa segura y eficaz para el control de la epistaxis.

ABSTRACT Cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates related to medication use and produce a costly impact in health care. Thus, patients require constant monitoring and proper coordination of care between different professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact generated by a Medication Therapy Management service (MTM) offered to patients with breast cancer in use of polypharmacy. Observational, exploratory, descriptive and retrospective study of a MTM service that included 93 patients. Sociodemographic and clinical data related to pharmacotherapy and the processes associated with the systematization of the service were collected and analyzed. Patients were followed-up by the MTM service on average for 18 months (±4.31) and 185 drug-related problems (DRP) were identified, an average of two DRP per patient. Of these DRP, 48.11% were resolved and 49.73% were in the resolution process. The most common DRP were in the categories of Indication (37.84%), followed by Safety (23.78%). The safety category showed the highest resolution rate (59.09%). The study revealed an increased risk of DRP for patients with three or more comorbidities and using 5 or more medications. The process of systematization of a MTM service in oncology was associated with positive outcomes.

O modelo Soil Nitrogen Availability Predictor (SNAP) prevê as taxas diárias e anuais de mineralização líquida de N (MLN) a partir de medições diárias das condições climáticas, de predições diárias da umidade e temperatura do solo e de índices de correção da temperatura e umidade obtidos durante os processos de incubação aeróbica (taxa básica) para determinar a MLN. O modelo foi desenvolvido com base em medições in situ da MLN em solos australianos sob clima temperado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adequação desse modelo para o uso em solos tropicais sob plantações de eucalipto no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Com base em incubações de campo por um mês, as taxas de MLN (0-20 cm de profundidade) foram medidas em 10 locais durante 21 meses. Os dados obtidos no período úmido e quente (janeiro a março) proveram as taxas básicas de mineralização. Taxas anuais de MLN in situ variando entre 150 e 350 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N foram preditas com boa precisão pelo modelo SNAP (R2 = 0,84). Em outros períodos, sob condições de umidade e temperatura menores, as taxas de MLN foram superestimadas. Assim, com o uso cuidadoso, o modelo pode proporcionar predições adequadas da MLN anual, podendo ser útil em aplicações práticas. Para predições da MLN em períodos menores do que um ano ou se as condições de incubação estiverem fora da faixa ideal, os índices de correção da temperatura e umidade precisam ser recalibrados para condições tropicais.

The Soil Nitrogen Availability Predictor (SNAP) model predicts daily and annual rates of net N mineralization (NNM) based on daily weather measurements, daily predictions of soil water and soil temperature, and on temperature and moisture modifiers obtained during aerobic incubation (basal rate). The model was based on in situ measurements of NNM in Australian soils under temperate climate. The purpose of this study was to assess this model for use in tropical soils under eucalyptus plantations in São Paulo State, Brazil. Based on field incubations for one month in three, NNM rates were measured at 11 sites (0-20 cm layer) for 21 months. The basal rate was determined in in situ incubations during moist and warm periods (January to March). Annual rates of 150-350 kg ha-1 yr-1 NNM predicted by the SNAP model were reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.84). In other periods, at lower moisture and temperature, NNM rates were overestimated. Therefore, if used carefully, the model can provide adequate predictions of annual NNM and may be useful in practical applications. For NNM predictions for shorter periods than a year or under suboptimal incubation conditions, the temperature and moisture modifiers need to be recalibrated for tropical conditions.

Dermatosparaxia em animais é uma doença autossômica recessiva do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por fragilidade e hiperextensibilidade cutânea. A doença em ovinos White Dorper é provocada pela mutação c.421G>T no gene ADAMmetalopeptidase com trombospondina tipo 1 motif, 2 (ADAMTS2). O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os achados clínicos, moleculares e histopatológicos da dermatosparaxia em ovinos White Dorper de um rebanho localizado no Centro-Oeste Paulista. O rebanho era composto por nove animais, sendo um reprodutor, quatro matrizes e seus respectivos borregos. Dos nove animais examinados, dois apresentavam sinais clínicos compatíveis com dermatosparaxia. O exame histopatológico de amostras cutâneas das lesões destes dois animais revelou também achados compatíveis com dermatosparaxia, sendo caracterizados por epiderme e anexos cutâneos preservados e sem características atípicas; colágeno displásico arranjado em feixes pequenos, fragmentados e com focos de degeneração, anexos cutâneos proeminentes e na região da derme foco hemorrágico intenso associado a moderado infiltrado neutrofílico na derme profunda. Com o objetivo de realizar o diagnóstico molecular da enfermidade, uma PCR foi padronizada utilizando primers específicos desenhados para amplificar a região do gene ADAMTS2 que continha a mutação c.421G>T e o DNA obtido de amostras de sangue de todos os animais do rebanho. O sequenciamento direto dos produtos da PCR, comprovou que os dois animais clinicamente afetados possuíam a mutação responsável pela dermatosparaxia. A metodologia descrita neste estudo possibilitou o diagnóstico definitivo da doença. Segundo a literatura consultada, esta é a primeira vez que a dermatosparaxia é descrita em ovinos White Dorper no Brasil. A metodologia aqui descrita poderá ser empregada em estudos futuros que avaliem a prevalência desta mutação no Brasil, possibilitando a adoção de medidas que previnam a disseminação dessa mutação no rebanho brasileiro de ovinos White Dorper.

Dermatosparaxis in animals is an autosomal recessive disorder of the connective-tissue clinically characterized by skin fragility and hiperextensibility. The disease in White Dorper sheep is caused by mutation (c.421G>T) in the ADAM metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2 (ADAMTS2) gene. This study describes the dermatological, histological and the molecular findings of the dermatosparaxis in White Dorper sheep from a herd located in the center-west of São Paulo State. The herd consisted of one ram, four ewe and their lambs. In this herd two lambs had clinical signs consistent with dermatosparaxis. Histopathological evaluation of the affected skin of these two animals also revealed consistent findings with dermatosparaxis, characterized by dysplasia of the collagen, which were arranged in small and fragmented collagen bundles and with foci of degeneration of collagen. Prominent cutaneous appendages and severe hemorrhagic focus in dermis region associated with mild neutrophilic infiltrate in the deep dermis. PCR using DNA blood and specific primers to amplify the mutation region c.421G>T was optimized in order to perform molecular diagnosis of the disease. The direct sequencing of the PCR products proved that the two clinically affected animals had the mutation responsible for dermatosparaxis, previously described for this breed and allowed the definitive diagnosis of the disease. This is the first report of the dermatosparaxis in White Dorper sheep in Brazil and the methodology used to confirm the diagnosis could be used in future studies to assess the prevalence of this mutation in Brazil, allowing the adoption of measures to prevent the spread of this mutation in the Brazilian White Dorper herd.

AIM: To evaluate health parameters (blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose), the use of medicines and alcohol consumption in elderly residents in the city of São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. METHODS: A sample of 500 elderly individuals (98 men and 402 women, with mean age of 69.5 years) was examined. Personal data and medicines used by the patients were recorded, general health aspects were assessed and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was applied to survey alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Two hundred and four patients (40.8%) presented high blood pressure and 93 patients (18.6%) had hyperglycemia. The most used pharmacological groups were antihypertensive drugs, antilipidemics, drugs to control hypothyroidism and hypoglycemic agents. Possible pharmacological interactions with alcohol were present in 60.9% of the used medicines. The AUDIT results showed that 91% of the sample presented a low-level intake of alcohol and only 1% presented characteristics of alcohol addiction. Associations were found among AUDIT scores with age (p=0.037), since a larger number of alcohol addicts were found among younger patients, and use of drugs (p=0.046), since patients who consumed more daily medicines made less use of alcohol (low-level). CONCLUSIONS: The studied sample presented a high prevalence of hypertension and relatively low incidence of diabetes. A low use of drugs was verified and women made more use of daily medications than men. Low alcohol consumption was also observed, and women consumed less alcohol than men.

A proposta deste estudo prospectivo, randomizado e duplo cego foi comparar o período de latência e duração da anestesia pulpar utilizando lidocaina 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000, articaina 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 e articaina 4% com epinefrina 1:200.000 no bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior (BNAI). Trinta pacientes receberam 1,8 mL de cada uma das soluções anestésicas no BNAI. Os períodos de latência e duração da anestesia pulpar foram determinados usando estimulação pulpar elétrica. O tempo médio da latência da anestesia pulpar foi 8,7, 7,4 e 7,7 min e da duração média da anestesia pulpar foi 61,8, 106,6 e 88,0 min para lidocaina 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000, articaina 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 e articaina 4% com epinefrina 1:200.000, respectivamente. Para latência houve somente diferença significante entre lidocaina 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000 e articaina 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 (p=0,037). Para a duração houve diferença significante para todas as soluções anestésicas locais (p≤0,05). Em conclusão, articaina 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 exibiu mais rápida latência e também obteve mais longa duração da anestesia pulpar no BNAI.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind study was to compare the onset and duration periods of pulpal anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Thirty subjects received 1.8 mL of each of the three local anesthetic solutions in IANB. Onset and duration periods of pulpal anesthesia were determined using electric pulp stimulation. The mean time of onset of pulpal anesthesia was 8.7, 7.4 and 7.7 min and the mean duration of pulpal anesthesia was 61.8, 106.6 and 88.0 min for 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, respectively. For onset, there was only a significant difference between 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (p=0.037). For duration, there was significant difference for all the local anesthetic solutions (p≤0.05). In conclusion, 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine exhibited faster onset and also had longest duration of pulpal anesthesia in IANB.

The objective of the study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness of dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium administered preemptively after surgical removal of third molars. Forty-four ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I patients (19 men, 35 women; 16–28 years old) randomly and double-blindly received diclofenac sodium (50 mg) or dexamethasone (8 mg) or placebo 1 h before surgery. Intensity of pain, measured with a visual analog scale (VAS), was the variable studied at different postoperative times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 48 h, 4 d and 7 d). The total amount of rescue medication (TARM) ingested (paracetamol) was another variable of the study. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used. A p value of < .05 was adopted to reject the null hypothesis. The dexamethasone group showed lower pain intensity (p < .05) than the diclofenac sodium and placebo groups (p < .05). No difference in TARM was observed among the groups (p < .05). Preemptively administered, dexamethasone was effective in controlling postoperative pain.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between testicular echotexture and seminal quality, in addition to evaluate the testicular parenchyma echogenicity pattern in young Montana bulls classified as sound and unsound for breeding. Fifty-two young Montana Tropical Compound bulls from 22 to 33 months of age were used. The animals were previously evaluated by breeding soundness evaluation and thereafter divided into two groups of breeding soundness classes: 1 = 16 animals sound for breeding; 2 = 36 animals unsound for breeding by means of physical and morphological analysis of semen. All animals underwent an ultrasound examination of the testes, and the images were analyzed with the software "Image J". ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, to determine the effect of groups in relation to testicular measurements, physical and morphological semen features and ultrasound pixel analysis. There was a difference between scrotal circumference between classes, with 39.7±2.1 cm and 37.3±3.1 cm for sound and unsound animals, respectively. Regarding testicular echotexture, mean values for the pixel intensity were 95.7 and 94.0 for sound and unsound animals for breeding, respectively, with no difference between the classes. None of the studied parameters were correlated with each other, indicating that the quantification of the pixel intensity in testicular echotexture was not effective in determining the degree of sexual maturity in Montana Tropical Compound bulls.

A procura por cultivares de feijão mais produtivas, com menor custo de produção e adaptadas as mais variadas condições tecnológicas tem aumentado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade das linhagens de feijoeiro comum do grupo carioca em ensaios da rede de avaliação final de feijoeiro-comum no cerrado central do Brasil, anos de 2005 e 2006. Foram avaliadas 12 linhagens e quatro cultivares testemunhas em 23 ambientes. Foi empregado o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições, sendo as parcelas constituídas de quatro linhas de quatro metros. Os dados de produtividade de grãos foram submetidos a análises de variância e de estabilidade e adaptabilidade pelas metodologias de Lin and Binns, Annichiarico e Visual. As linhagens CNFC 10429, CNFC 10431 e CNFC 10408 mostraram-se mais estáveis e promissoras para indicação como nova cultivar.

The search for more productive varieties of beans, with lower production cost and adaptable to most technological conditions has been intensified. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the stability and adaptability of common bean lines of the carioca group in the final evaluation network in the Central Cerrado of Brazil, in 2005 and 2006. Twelve lines and four cultivars were evaluated in 23 environments. A completely randomized block design was used with three replications, with plots of four rows of four meters. Grain yield data were subjected to analysis of variance, stability and of adaptability by the methodologies of Lin and Binns, Annichiarico and visual assessment, respectively. The most stable and promising lines for recommendation as new cultivars were CNFC 10429, CNFC 10431 and CNFC 10408.

Os objetivos neste estudo foram verificar se a própolis e o ácido ascórbico têm efeito sobre a integridade da membrana plasmática dos espermatozoides de caprinos e investigar o potencial desses antioxidantes no uso de meios diluidores de criopreservação de sêmen caprino. Foram utilizados cinco bodes adultos das raças Alpina (n = 2) e Saanen (n = 3). Após a coleta de sêmen, realizaram-se o exame físico do sêmen e morfológico dos espermatozoides, o teste supravital e o teste hiposmótico. Em seguida, o sêmen fresco foi diluído com o diluidor Bioxcell® (controle); Bioxcell® + 0,25% de extrato liofilizado de própolis; Bioxcell® + 0,5% de extrato liofilizado de própolis; Bioxcell® + 0,05% de ácido ascórbico; ou Bioxcell® + 0,25% de ácido ascórbico. Após as diluições finais, foram avaliados a motilidade e o vigor espermático obtidos com cada diluidor e posteriormente o sêmen foi submetido a envase, resfriamento e congelamento. No sêmen fresco, os aspectos físicos e morfológicos e os resultados dos testes supravital e hiposmótico não diferiram entre os animais nem entre raças. As médias gerais de motilidade e vigor espermático e dos testes supravital e hiposmótico obtidos logo após o descongelamento e após 3 horas de teste de termorresistência diferiram entre si, de modo que o diluidor contendo ácido ascórbico e o controle foram similares e superiores àqueles contendo própolis. O ácido ascórbico mantém a integridade estrutural da membrana dos espermatozoides durante o processo de criopreservação, bem como sua viabilidade após o teste de termorresistência, e pode ser uma alternativa na composição de diluentes para criopreservação de sêmen caprino; a própolis não é eficaz na manutenção da integridade e da viabilidade espermática pós-descongelamento e é tóxica aos espermatozoides nas concentrações de 0,25 e 0,5%.

The objectives of this study were to verify whether propolis and ascorbic acid have an effect on plasmatic membrane integrity of goat spermatozoa and investigate the potential of these antioxidants in the use of goats spermatozoa cryopreservation extenders. Five adult boars were used of the Alpine (n = 2) and Saanen (n = 3) breeds. After semen collection, the evaluation consisted of the physical and morphological exam, live and dead cells (supravital test) and hyposmotic swelling test. Afterwards, the fresh semen was diluted with the Bioxcell® extender (control); Bioxcell® + 0.25% freeze dried propolis extract); Bioxcell® + 0.5% freeze dried propolis extract); Bioxcell® + 0.05% ascorbic acid) or Bioxcell® + 0.25% ascorbic acid). After final dilutions, the sperm motility and vigor were assessed obtained in each extender, and then the semen was sealed, cooled and frozen. In fresh semen, the physical and morphological aspects and the results of the supravital test and hyposmotic swelling test did not differ between animals or breeds. The general means of the sperm motility and vigor, supravital test and hyposmotic swelling test obtained immediately after thawing and after three hours of heat resistence test were different, so that the extender with ascorbic acid and the control were similar and higher than the extenders containing propolis. The ascorbic acid maintained the structural integrity of the spermatozoa membrane during the cryopreservation process and its viability after the heat resistance test, and may be an alternative in extender composition for cryopreservation of goat semen; the propolis was not effective in maintaining sperm integrity and viability after thawing and was toxic to spermatozoa at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5%.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do bioprotetor Agrotrich® e do fungicida Vitavax-Thiram®, isoladamente ou combinados, sobre a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de soja, pelas avaliações de sanidade, germinação, avaliação de plântulas, emergência em casa de vegetação e no campo. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Fitopatologia e na área experimental do Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no período de junho a novembro de 2007. Na avaliação de sanidade, os tratamentos com fungicida químico, isolado ou em combinação, apresentaram os menores valores de incidência de fungos. Para germinação e primeira contagem, o tratamento com metade da dosagem dos produtos apresentou o melhor resultado. Na avaliação de plântulas em casa de vegetação, os tratamentos não diferiram entre si, em nenhuma das variáveis, assim como na emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, primeiro, segundo e terceiro trifólio, no campo. Na análise de correlação entre os fungos e as variáveis da qualidade fisiológica, predominou o efeito negativo sobre estas. A combinação dos produtos com metade da dose proporciona efeito positivo sobre o potencial fisiológico das sementes de soja.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bioprotector Agrotrich® and the fungicide Vitavax-Thiram®, alone or combined, on the sanitary and physiological quality of soybean seeds, through assessments of health, germination, seedling evaluation , emergence in a greenhouse and in the field. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory and in the experimental area of the Department of Plant Health Defense at the Federal University of Santa Maria, from June to November 2007. In the seed health assessment, the treatments with chemical fungicide, alone or in combination, showed the lowest values of fungus incidence. For germination and first count, the treatment using half the dosage of the products obtained the best result. In the assessment of seedlings in a greenhouse, the treatments did not differ among themselves, for any of the variables, and nor for emergence, emergence speed index, first, second and third leaflet, in the field. In the analysis of correlation between the fungi and the physiological quality variables, a negative effect predominated. The combination of products at half the doses showed better effect on seed quality assessments.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar geneticamente estirpes de Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isoladas de humanos e de diferentes origens animais (bovinas, suínas, cães, primatas, javalis, suínos e aves de corte). Um total de 828 amostras (fezes, carcaças, fetos abortados e útero histerectomizado) foram analisadas por métodos de rotina bacteriológica e 36 estirpes de C. jejuni foram isoladas. Trinta estirpes de origem fecal humana foram obtidas de laboratórios de análises clínicas da cidade de São Paulo. As 66 estirpes de C. jejuni isoladas foram submetidas à caracterização genética. Oligonucleotídeos baseados no gene fla A foram usados na reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR) e amplificou um fragmento de 702 pb. Os produtos obtidos pela PCR foram avaliados pelas técnicas de seqüenciamento e análise genealógica. Análise da variabilidade genética das 66 estirpes revelou 44 diferentes subtipos de C. jejuni. Um subtipo de origem humana apresentou seqüência idêntica à de C. jejuni depositada no GenBank (GENBANK acesso número AF050186). A subtipagem das estirpes de C. jejuni baseadas no seqüenciamento da região variável do gene fla A e na análise do alinhamento das seqüências pelo método da Máxima Parcimônia, mostraram-se altamente discriminatórios fornecendo melhores condições para a correta diferenciação entre estirpes originárias de surto e as isoladas esporadicamente. Este foi o primeiro estudo de subtipagem molecular de estirpes de C. jejuni de origem humana e animal utilizando a técnica do seqüenciamento com análise genealógica realizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

The objective of the present trial was to characterize genetically strains of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from humans and several animal sources (bovines, swine, dogs, primates, wild boars and poultry). A total of 828 different animal samples (feces, carcass, aborted fetus and hysterectomized uterus) were analysed by means of routine bacteriological methods, and 36 C. jejuni strains were isolated. Thirty strains of human fecal origin were obtained in clinical analysis laboratories in the city of São Paulo. The 66 C. jejuni strains isolated were submitted to genetic characterization. Primers based on fla A gene were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplified a fragment of the 702 bp. PCR products were evaluated by means of sequencing and genealogic analysis. Genetic variability analysis of 66 strains showed 44 different subtypes of C. jejuni. One subtype was identical to a C. jejuni strain of human origin with the sequence in the GenBank (GENBANK accession number AF050186). Subtyping analysis of C. jejuni strains based on sequencing of the fla A gene variable region and analysis of sequence alignment by the Maximum Parsimony method showed to be highly discriminatory, providing the best conditions to differentiate strains involved in outbreaks from those sporadically isolated. This is the first study of molecular subtyping analysis of human and animal C. jejuni strains using sequencing technique and genealogic analysis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.