Abstract The state of Uttarakhand in India lies in a highly seismically active zone, therefore earthquake resistant design criteria have been followed for major construction practice in this region. One of the major inputs for earthquake-resistant design is average shear wave velocity (V S ) at 30 m depth. In the present work, at twenty-six different sites, the Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique and multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) is used for joint analysis to obtain a one-dimensional velocity model that supports both the HV spectrum and dispersion curve obtained from HVSR and MASW methods, respectively. Shear wave profiles obtained at various sites are compared with the bore log data obtained from drilling and it clearly shows that the (V S ) for the same formation have a strong dependence on the depth at which it occurred. Data from twenty-four shear wave profiles have been used to prepare a linear regression relation of (V S ) for different lithological formations with respect to their depth of occurrence. Root mean square error obtained from the developed relationship for various lithologies clearly shows that the results are fairly well within the range of acceptance. The developed relations have been further validated by calculating Vs profile from bore log data obtained at two new location sites that are not included in the data set used for the preparation of regression relations. A comparison of two velocity sections clearly shows that the velocity profile computed from regression relation matches closely with that obtained from the seismic survey and thereby establishing the efficacy of developed regression relationship for its practical implementation. This developed relation allows soil type classification for zoning purposes.

Resumen El estado de Uttarakhand en la India se encuentra en una zona de alta actividad sísmica, por lo que se han seguido criterios de diseño resistentes a los terremotos para las principales prácticas de construcción en esta región. Una de las principales entradas para el diseño resistente a los terremotos es la velocidad media de la onda de corte (V S ) a 30 m de profundidad. En el presente trabajo, en veintiséis sitios diferentes, la técnica de la relación espectral horizontal a vertical (HVSR) y el análisis multicanal de onda de superficie (MASW) se utiliza para el análisis conjunto para obtener un modelo de velocidad unidimensional que soporta tanto la curva de espectro de HV como la curva de dispersión obtenida de los métodos HVSR y MASW, respectivamente. Los perfiles de onda de corte obtenidos en varios sitios se comparan con los datos de registro de perforación obtenidos de la perforación y muestra claramente que los Vs para la misma formación tienen una fuerte dependencia de la profundidad en la que ocurrió. Se han utilizado datos de veinticuatro perfiles de onda de corte para preparar una relación de regresión lineal de Vs para diferentes formaciones litológicas con respecto a su profundidad de ocurrencia. El error cuadrático medio obtenido a partir de la relación desarrollada para varias litologías muestra claramente que los resultados están bastante bien dentro del rango de aceptación. Las relaciones desarrolladas han sido validadas adicionalmente por el cálculo de perfil Vs de los datos de registro de perforación obtenidos en dos nuevos sitios de ubicación que no están incluidos en el conjunto de datos utilizado para la preparación de relaciones de regresión. Una comparación de dos secciones de velocidad muestra claramente que el perfil de velocidad calculado a partir de la relación de regresión coincide estrechamente con el obtenido de la encuesta sísmica y por lo tanto se establece la eficacia de la relación de regresión desarrollada para su implementación práctica. Esta relación desarrollada permite la clasificación del tipo de suelo para fines de zonificación.

The garlic (Allium sativum L., Amaryllidaceae) has been popularly used in the treatment of diabetes and cardiac complications. In the present work, we have studied the possible mechanisms, sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) selectivity of allicin in diabetic hypertensive rats. Diabetic hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) followed by daily administration of dexamethasone (10 µg/kg, s.c.). Different parameters, blood pressure and blood glucose levels were studied in the rats weekly up to eight weeks. Allicin (8 mg/kg, p.o.) shows potent antidiabetic (*p<0.001) as well as antihypertensive effect (**p<0.001, *p<0.01). It may act as a vasodilator by hyperpolarizing the membrane of normal vascular smooth muscle cells. The hyperpolarization in vascular smooth muscle occurs due to K+ channel opener activity. Antihypertensive effect of allicin is inhibited by glibenclamide, nonselective SUR blocker while combination of allicin with nateglinide, selective SUR1 blocker exerted synergistic antihypertensive effect. The results indicates that allicin is effective in the treatment of diabetic hypertension; through a mechanism that might involve selective opening of SUR2.

Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the final step of triglyceride synthesis. The DGAT1 gene is a strong functional candidate for determining milk fat content in cattle. In this work, we used PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism) and DNA sequencing to examine polymorphism in the region spanning exon 7 to exon 9 of the DGAT1 gene in Murrah and Pandharpuri buffaloes. Three alleles (A, B and C) and four novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the buffalo DGAT1 gene. The frequencies of the alleles differed between the two buffalo breeds, with allele C being present in Murrah but not in Pandharpuri buffalo. The allele variation detected in this work may influence DGAT1 expression and function. The results described here could be useful in examining the association between the DGAT1 gene and milk traits in buffalo.