O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o processo de mineralização do C em amostras de cama de frango e de seu respectivo biocarvão, além de determinar a capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) e as taxas de mineralização do C nos solos tratados com cama de frango e biocarvão. A mineralização do C foi avaliada em experimento com quantificação do C-CO2 liberado a partir de incubação (64 dias) de misturas de solo com cama de frango e de solo com biocarvão, em doses equivalentes a 0, 1.000, 2.000, 4.000 e 8.000 mg kg-1 de C. Ao final da incubação, determinaram-se, nas amostras de solo, o teor de C, o pH e a CTC. A mineralização do C dos materiais obedeceu à cinética química de primeira ordem. Os fluxos de C-CO2 foram mais intensos dos 20 aos 40 dias de incubação, seguidos da redução desses fluxos até a estabilização no tempo. As taxas de mineralização do C da cama de frango e de seu biocarvão foram respectivamente de 49,7 e 5,1%. Incrementos da CTC foram observados nos tratamentos com biocarvão, em consequência da elevação do pH, e, em ambos os materiais, em consequência de alterações do teor de C no solo.

The objective of this work was to characterize carbon mineralization process in poultry litter samples and in its biochar, as well as to determine the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the C mineralization rates in soils treated with poultry litter and biochar. Carbon mineralization was evaluated through the quantification of released C-CO2 from mixtures of soil and poultry litter and of soil and biochar at doses equivalent to 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg kg-1 C, in a 64-day incubation experiment. At the end of the incubation period, carbon content, pH, and CEC were determined in soil samples. Carbon mineralization of the materials fitted to first order kinetics equation. Fluxes of C-CO2 were more intense from 20 to 40 days of incubation, followed by flux decreases until their stabilization. Carbon mineralization rates of poultry litter and its biochar were respectively 49.7 and 5.1%. Increases of CEC were observed in the biochar treatments, as a consequence of pH rising, and in both materials due to soil-carbon content alterations.

Biomass Refinery (BR) is a null pollution thermochemical sequential cracking of any biomass and some petrochemical products, which generates chemicals, liquid or solid fuels and inorganic submicrometric/nanometric powders (SM/NM) such as ashes, silica, and carbon black. The processing route, powder characterisation and addition of some ashes to red clay resulting a grès-type ceramics will be presented. Rupture strengths of the vitrified ceramics were respectively 36 MPa for pure clay, 44 MPa for clay + 13.5% MOL ash (organic matter of municipal solid waste), 50 MPa for clay + 20% F+20% CL* ash (50% MOL + 50% wood) and 42 MPa for clay + 40% feldspar (used for comparison). The reason why the BR-ashes are better than feldspar is due to their submicrometric and partially nanometric nature. The impact of BR-ash technology can be evaluated by its national potential production of 2 × 10(6) ton/year only from municipal solid waste (MSW) compared to 350,000 ton/year of national consumption. The first BR is under installation in Lorena - SP, Brazil.

This article introduces a simplified model for the theoretical study of the physical adsorption process of gaseous He on the planes (100) and (111) of the solid Xe matrix, whose crystalline structure is face centered cubic (fcc). The Ab initio calculations were carried out at the MP2 level of theory employing basis sets obtained through the Generator Coordinate Method, where the core electrons were represented by a pseudopotential. The calculated adsorption energies for the (100) and (111) faces are 5,39 and 4,18 kJ/mol, respectively. This simplified model is expected to be suitable for treating complex systems of applied interest.