Abstract Objective: To assess the reproducibility of two clinical criteria for the evaluation of restorations in primary teeth and the impact on treatment decision. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed selecting 71 resin-based composite restorations placed in primary molars of children who had sought dental treatment at a dental school. Two trained examiners evaluated independently the restorations using modified FDI and USPHS criteria. All restorations were assessed separately with each system in random order to avoid memory bias. Kappa statistics were used to determine inter-examiner reliability considering each parameter of both criteria and score final about treatment decision. McNemar test was used to compare the treatment decision with two criteria. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Kappa values ranged from 0.28 to 0.93 with USPHS and 0.28 to 0.88 with FDI, considering each parameter separately. Inter-examiner agreement for treatment decision was excellent for both criteria (Kappa: 0.85-0.90). For clinical decision-making, no difference between criteria was found, irrespective of examiner. Conclusion: Low inter-examiner agreement for evaluation of each parameter of USPHS and FDI criteria does not reflect on reproducibility for treatment decision. Both criteria may be suitable for evaluation of composite restorations in primary teeth.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shortening of etching time for dentin on the restoration survival after selective carious tissue removal in primary molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included sixty-two subjects (5–8 year-old) and 100 primary molars presenting moderate dentin carious lesions on occlusal surface. The sample was randomly assigned into groups previously to adhesive application (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE): etching time recommended by manufacturer (15 s) or reduced (7 s). Resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative; 3M ESPE) was inserted in a single increment for all restorations. Restorations were evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months using FDI criteria. Survival estimates for restorations’ longevity were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to assess the factors associated with failures (p < 0.05). The etching time did not influence the restorations’ survival (HR 0.35 95%CI 0.11–1.12; p = 0.06). Mean estimated time of survival was 17.6 months (95%CI, 17.2–17.9). The survival rates at the 18-month follow-up were 75.7% and 91.4% (AFR: 16.9% and 5.7%) when primary dentin was acid etched for 15 and 7 s, respectively (log-rank p = 0.06). In conclusion, the etching time for dentin did not influence the clinical behavior of adhesives restorations. However, there was a tendency for better clinical outcome when using etching time of 7 s.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Areas at risk of transmission of arboviruses have been monitored using ovitraps. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses and assess the influence of climatic conditions on the infestation of these culicids. METHODS: Ovitraps were installed in Agrestina, Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. RESULTS: Overall, 44,936 eggs were collected, and the indexes of infestation varied. Relative humidity was significantly associated with the infestations. CONCLUSIONS: Using ovitraps, entomologic indexes and analysis of climatic factors might be good strategies for monitoring vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil genotípico específico para scrapie, nos códons 136, 154 e 171, no gene PRNP de ovinos Crioulos pantaneiros. O DNA genômico foi extraído de amostras de sangue de 66 ovinos, e as regiões de interesse da fita de DNA foram amplificadas por PCR. Foram identificados cinco haplótipos: ARR, alanina, arginina, arginina; ARQ, alanina, arginina, glutamina; AHQ, alanina, histidina, glutamina; ARH, alanina, arginina, histidina; e VRQ, valina, arginina, glutamina. Os genótipos mais frequentes foram ARQ/ARQ (27%) e ARR/ARQ (24%). O perfil genotípico de ovinos Crioulos pantaneiros mostra suscetibilidade baixa à moderada.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the genotypic profile specific to scrapie in codons 136, 154, and 171 of the PRNP gene of the Pantanal creole sheep. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 66 sheep, and the regions of interest on the DNA strand were amplified by PCR. Five haplotypes were identified: ARR, alanine, arginine, arginine; ARQ, alanine, arginine, glutamine; AHQ, alanine, histidine, glutamine; ARH, alanine, arginine, histidine; and VRQ, valine, arginine, glutamine. The most common genotypes were ARQ/ARQ (27%) and ARR/ARQ (24%). The genotypic profile of the Pantanal creole sheep shows low to moderate susceptibility.

Resumo A mosca-dos-estábulos (Stomoxys calcitrans) tem sido historicamente uma praga em gado de leite e gado de corte em confinamento devido à disponibilidade de matéria orgânica vegetal em decomposição, misturada a dejetos animais, nestes sistemas de produção. Nas últimas décadas, surtos de infestação por esta mosca passaram a ocorrer também em rebanhos de corte mantidos extensivamente, geralmente associados ao acúmulo de resíduos de suplementação alimentar durante o inverno, introdução de culturas agrícolas em larga escala no entorno de propriedades pecuárias e/ou uso inadvertido de fertilizantes orgânicos. Eventualmente, explosões populacionais de Stomoxys podem ter causas naturais, afetando animais domésticos e/ou selvagens, além do próprio homem. Este artigo reúne informações sobre surtos da mosca-dos-estábulos no Brasil e em outros países e discute suas causas e consequências.

Abstract The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter mixed with animal excrements in such production systems. In the last few decades, stable fly outbreaks have also been reported in pasture-raised beef cattle, usually associated with wastes accumulated from animal feeding during winter, the introduction of large-scale crop operations near cattle ranches, and/or the inadvertent use of organic fertilizers. Population explosions of Stomoxys flies may also have natural causes, affecting not only domestic and/or wild animals but also humans. This article compiles information on stable fly outbreaks in Brazil and abroad and discusses their causes and consequences.

Foi realizado um levantamento da infecção por Leptospira spp. em mamíferos silvestres do Pantanal sul-mato-grossense com o emprego da reação de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os sorovares de maior frequência nos animais investigados foram Hardjobovis (28%), Icterohemorhagiae (12%), M-110/2006 (isolado de Cerdocyon thous; 16%), Canicola (L014 isolada de Bos taurus, 4%), Whitcombi (4%), Pomona (20%), Autumnalis (12%) e Copenhageni (M9/99 isolada de Rattus norvegicus, 4%). Das 79 amostras examinadas pela PCR, 21 (26,58%) foram positivas, com a amplificação de um fragmento de aproximadamente 331pb. Dois fragmentos amplificados obtidos de amostras de C. thous foram clonados, sequenciados e identificados como L. interrogans por análise filogenética.

A survey of Leptospira spp. in wild mammals from the southern Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul was performed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serovars most frequently found were Hardjobovis (28%), Icterohemorhagiae (12%), M110/2006 strain (isolated from Cerdocyon thous, 16%), Canicola (L014 isolated from Bos Taurus, 4%), Whitcombi (4%), Pomona (20%), Autumnalis (12%) and Copenhageni (M9/99 isolated from Rattus norvegicus, 4%). From the 79 samples tested by PCR, 21 (26.58%) were positive, resulting in the amplification fragment of approximately 331pb. Two amplified fragments from C. thous were cloned, sequenced and identified as L. interrogans by phylogenetic analysis.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms E2FB (AY138588.1: c.305C> T), located in the leptin gene (LEP), and TG5 (X05380.1:g.-422C>T), located in the thyroglobulin gene (TG), and evaluate the association of these polymorphisms in crossbred cattle of seven distinct genetic groups with the following traits: slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (HCW), hot carcass yield (HCY), carcass fat thickness (CFT), ribeye area (REA), marbling (MARM) and shear force (SF). The animals were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP (Polymorphism Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique, using 201 products obtained from F1 Caracu × Nellore, Angus × Nellore and Valdostana × Nellore cows, mated to Canchim, Caracu and Red Angus bulls (only Caracu × Nellore cows were used with Red Angus bulls). The allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared using the Chi-squared test. Associations between the genotype of each polymorphism and the traits were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) of statistical software SAS. The least squares means of genotypes of the polymorphisms were compared using Student's t test. The E2FB polymorphism in the LEP gene was associated with CFT, showing the potential for use in national programs for genetic improvement of beef cattle, through the inclusion of SNP in genotyping commercial tests. The TG5 polymorphism in the TG gene was not associated with any of the evaluated traits and was considered ineffective for selection of beef cattle in Brazilian herds.

As interações entre os seres humanos são muito complexas. A abordagem de um conflito moral utilizando apenas como referencial um código de ética é quase sempre insuficiente. A ética da responsabilidade demanda uma reflexão muito mais profunda, uma discussão sobre a essência do homem e seu papel na sociedade. A responsabilidade do cirurgião é inerente a uma profissão construída desde sua origem não somente sobre o altruísmo e a humanidade, mas também compaixão, coragem e tolerância. O estudo e a compreensão destas qualidades, assim como a transmissão destes valores aos alunos e residentes de cirurgia são fundamentais para formação humana destes indivíduos. Este ensaio se propõe a mostrar que estas virtudes essenciais estão indissoluvelmente ligadas ao trabalho que o cirurgião faz, conquanto sua responsabilidade se inicia antes do ato operatório, já na intenção de agir.

Interactions among human beings are very complex. Using only an ethical code as reference to deal with moral conflicts is hardly ever enough. Responsibility ethics demand such a profound reflection as well as a discussion about human essence and its role in society. The responsibility of a surgeon is inherent in a profession based since its origin, not only on altruism and humanity, but also on compassion, courage and tolerance. The studies and the comprehension of these qualities as well as the transmission of these values to the students and to the surgery residents are essential for human education of these individuals. This essay offers to show that these essential virtues are strongly connected to the work the surgeon develops whereas his/her responsibility starts before the surgery - when one intends to act.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a soroprevalência de anticorpos da classe IgG contra Anaplasma marginale em bovinos de corte da região Sul de Moçambique. Para esse efeito, 809 amostras de soro foram coletadas e avaliadas pelo ensaio imunoadsorção enzimático indireto (ELISA-i). O teste Qui-Quadrado, a 5% de significância, foi utilizado para avaliar a associação entre a soroprevalência e as variáveis sexo, idade e origem geográfica dos animais. A soropositividade geral foi de 76,5% (n = 619), e anticorpos anti-A. marginale foram detectados em 89,1% (n = 156), 68,4% (n = 308) e 84,2% (n = 155) dos animais nas províncias de Maputo, Gaza e Inhambane, respectivamente. Uma associação significativa (p < 0,05) foi observada entre a origem geográfica dos animais, enquanto o sexo não demonstrou uma relação significativa. A frequência de soropositivos com relação à faixa etária foi de 63,2% (n = 72), 80,0% (n = 92), 83,1% (n = 98) e 77,3% (n = 357) para animais de <12; >12 a <24; >24 <36; >36 meses, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstram que, no Sul de Moçambique, existem áreas de estabilidade enzoótica para A. marginale, em animais maiores de 12 meses. Assim, monitoramento epidemiológico deve ser realizado para o acompanhamento do status imunológico dos animais na região.

The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in cattle from Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south Mozambique. A total of 809 serum samples from cattle were obtained and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). The chi-square test at 5% significance was used to assess the association between seroprevalence and the variables gender, age and geographic origin of animals. The overall seropositivity was 76.5% (n = 619) and anti-A. marginale antibodies were detected in 89.1% (n = 156), 68.4% (n = 308) and 84.2% (n = 155) of the animals in the provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane, respectively. A significant association (p < 0.05) was found with the geographic origin of the animals, while sex had no significant relationship. The frequencies of seropositive in the age groups were 63.2% (n = 72), 80.0% (n = 92), 83.1% (n = 98) and 77.3% (n = 357) for animals <12; >12 and <24; >24 and <36; >36 months, respectively. These results indicate that in southern Mozambique there are areas of enzootic stability to A. marginale. Thus, epidemiological monitoring is required to monitor the immune status of animals in the region.

This work reports a survey of Leptospira spp in pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) in the Pantanal wetlands of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seventy pampas deer were captured in the dry season and surveyed using PCR, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) (n = 51) and by both techniques (n = 47). PCR detected infections in two pampas deer and MAT detected infections in three. Through sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, the PCR-amplified fragment detected in deer was identified as Leptospira interrogans. Serovars Pomona and Butembo were detected using MAT and the highest titre was 200 for serovar Pomona. Epidemiological aspects of the findings are discussed.

INTRODUÇÃO: Tumores sólido-cístico papilares têm sido reconhecidos como uma doença neoplásica distinta, cuja incidência tem aumentado atualmente em decorrências dos avanços em imaginologia. RELATO DO CASO: Mulher de 17 anos, procurou atendimento médico em virtude de uma massa homogênea sólido-cística em cauda pancreática, e foi submetida a pancreatectomia distal com preservação do baço, apesar da excisão dos vasos esplênicos. Avaliação histológica revelou protrusões pseudopapilares revestidas de epitélio, sem degeneração maligna. A evolução clínica pós-operatória ocorreu sem complicações. CONCLUSÃO: Estes tumores têm que ser reconhecidos pelos clínicos, patologistas e radiologistas, e cirurgicamente ressecados com preservação do baço, conquanto apresentam prognóstico favorável.

BACKGROUND: Solid papillary-cystic pancreatic tumors have been recognized as a distinct neoplastic disease, whose incidence has increased in recent years with advancements in imaging technology. CASE REPORT: Woman 17-year-old consulted with a symptomatic giant homogeneous solid-cystic mass in the pancreatic tail, undergone a spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy, with excision of the splenic vessels. Histopathology revealed epithelium-lined pseudopapillary protrusions, without malignant change. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Solid papillary-cystic pancreatic tumor has uncommon incidence and silent presentation, a high degree of suspicion on the part of the surgeon is warranted. In early diagnosis, complete resection is curative. The spleen should be preserved, if feasible.

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar dos refinamentos em cirurgia gastrointestinal, vazamentos anastomóticos persistem como grave problema, associados à morbidade e mortalidade elevadas e constituem a complicação mais temida. Na tentativa de prevenir e reduzir estas complicações, diversidade de técnicas de reforço anastomótico tem sido investigada e diversas medidas auxiliares têm sido desenvolvidas. OBJETIVO: Revisar os dados associados a aplicação de adesivos em cirurgia digestiva. MÉTODO: Revisão bibliográfica de artigos disponíveis no Medline/Pubmed utilizando-se os descritores: adesivo, trato gastrointestinal, anastomose cirúrgica e fístula. Foram selecionados os artigos mais atualizados sobre o assunto os quais utilizaram adesivos como estratégia para reduzir a morbidade e mortalidade relacionada à cirurgia digestiva. CONCLUSÃO: Adesivos teciduais parecem seguros na prática clínica e têm sido utilizados com crescente frequência em várias especialidades cirúrgicas em decorrência de suas propriedades hemostáticas e selante, ganhando cada vez maior aceitação por parte dos cirurgiões. Estudos sugerem que adesivos cirúrgicos podem reforçar e melhorar a cicatrização de anastomoses intestinais, elevando a pressão de ruptura e aumentando a força tênsil. Os potenciais efeitos deletérios teciduais destas substâncias podem limitar sua utilização. Em decorrência da heterogeneidade dos estudos e falta de evidência forte, novas pesquisas deverão ser desenvolvidas.

BACKGROUND: Despite refinements in the field of gastrointestinal surgery, anastomotic leakage still remains a serious problem associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and is the fearest life threatening complication in digestive surgery. To prevent or reduce these complications, a diversity of line reinforcement techniques have been investigated and several adjunctive measures have been developed. AIM: To review the data associated with the application of adhesives in digestive surgery procedures. METHOD: Review of papers available at Medline/Pubmed database using the follow headings: adhesive, gastrointestinal tract, surgical anastomosis, fistula. It was chosen recent articles on the subject which showed adhesives as strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality related to digestive surgery. CONCLUSION: Tissue adhesives appears to be safe in the clinical setting and are been used with increasing frequency in a variety of surgical field for its unique hemostatic and adhesive abilities, gaining increasing acceptance among surgeons. Studies suggest that surgical adhesive can be useful to reinforce and improve intestinal anastomotic healing, increase anastomotic bursting pressures and tensile strength. The potentially harmful tissue effects of the preparations might compromise the use of these substances. Because of the heterogeneity and lack of high level evidence, new studies have to be performed.

CONTEXTO: O crescimento de carcinoma de células escamosas a partir de linfedema crônico foi relatado apenas 11 vezes na literatura (12 casos). Aspectos sobre sua patogênese ainda não foram completamente elucidados e pela primeira vez chama-se atenção para os dados epidemiológicos. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, branca, 90 anos de idade, portadora de linfedema crônico unilateral de membro inferior secundário a trauma sofrido há 20 anos, apresentou história de lesão cutânea vegetante de três meses. Não havia relato de lesão local prévia. O tumor foi completamente excisado e sua análise histopatológica mostrou tratar-se de carcinoma escamocelular infiltrante. Uma revisão da literatura nos bancos de dados Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) e Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), utilizando-se dos termos MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) "Carcinoma, Squamous Cell" AND "Lymphedema", identificou 112 citações e encontrou relatos de 12 casos semelhantes.

CONTEXT: Squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic lymphedema has only been reported in the literature 11 times (12 cases). Some aspects of its pathogenesis remain unclear and, for the first time, attention has been drawn to epidemiological data. CASE REPORT: A 90-year-old white female with chronic unilateral lower-limb lymphedema, secondary to trauma 20 years earlier, presented with a three-month history of a vegetating cutaneous lesion. There had not been any previous local ulceration. The tumor was completely excised and the histopathological analysis showed that it was an infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma. A literature review in the Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) and Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) databases using the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms "Carcinoma, Squamous Cell" AND "Lymphedema" identified 112 references and found 12 similar case reports.

A ocorrência de manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais semelhantes às encontradas na doença de Lyme e da coinfecção com a babesiose já foi demonstrada em trabalhos anteriores em adultos, porém não existem estudos desta natureza em crianças. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico da síndrome de Lyme-Símile em crianças do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e avaliar a prevalência dos anticorpos anti-Borrelia burgdorferi e anti-Babesia bovis no soro de pacientes que preencheram os critérios estabelecidos. MÉTODOS: 100 pacientes entre 9 meses e 16 anos de idade foram submetidos à pesquisa dos anticorpos pela técnica de ELISA e a soroprevalência foi comparada com um grupo-controle. RESULTADOS: Positividade para anticorpos anti-B. burgdorferi ocorreu em 27% dos pacientes com suspeita clínica, sendo 17% IgM e 12% IgG. As manifestações articulares ocorreram em 21 pacientes, as manifestações cutâneas em três pacientes e as manifestações neurológicas em três pacientes. A prevalência de anticorpos contra B. burgdorferi nos pacientes do grupo-controle foi de 15% (p < 0,05). Os anticorpos anti-B. bovis estiveram presentes em 24% dos pacientes suspeitos e em 3% do grupo-controle (p < 0,05). Concomitância dos anticorpos ocorreu em 10 pacientes com suspeita clínica e em nenhum controle. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a etiologia de caráter infeccioso e reacional das manifestações clínicas encontradas nos pacientes, podendo caracterizar uma síndrome, que possivelmente ocorra na presença de múltiplos microrganismos e está relacionada com carrapatos. Foi encontrada freqüência superior de anticorpos contra Borrelia e Babesia nos pacientes em relação aos controles. Embora pequena, essa diferença foi estatisticamente significante. Este achado não atesta que o quadro clínico dos pacientes seja causado por espécies de Borrelia ou Babesia, mas levantam a possibilidade de participação de algum agente infeccioso que possa estar relacionado a esses microrganismos. Os estudos devem prosseguir para melhorar a delineação desta síndrome em nosso meio, assim como isolar o agente etiológico.

The occurence of clinical and laboratory manifestations similar to the Lyme disease and the coinfection with babesiosis was already demonstraded in previous researches with adult patients. However, there are no studies in children. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical-epidemiological profile of the Lyme Simile Syndrome in children of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia bovis in the serum of patients that had fulfilled the established criteria. METHODS: One hundred patients (age range: 9 months and 16 years-old) were screened for the presence of those antibodies, using ELISA, comparing to a control group. RESULTS: Antibodies against B. burgdoferi were found in 27% of the patients with a clinical picture. The articular manifestations occurred in 21 patients, cutaneous in 3 and neurological in 3. The prevalency in the control group was 15% (p < 0.05). The antibodies for Babesia bovis were present in 24% of suspect patients and in 3% of the control group (p < 0.05). Concomitance of the two antibodies occurred in 10 patients with clinical suspect and no one of control group. CONCLUSION: The results found in this study suggest the infective and reactive character of the clinical manifestations of the patients, which can characterize a Syndrome, which possibly occurs in the presence of multiple microorganisms that can be associated with tick-borne. It was found a higher frequency of antibodies against borrelia and babesia in patients in relation to the controls. Although small, this difference was statistically significant. This finding does not certify that the clinical features of patients is caused by species of borrelia or babesia, but raised the possibility of involvement of some infectious agent that could be related to these micro-organisms. The studies should continue in order to improve the delineation of this syndrome and to try the isolation of the etiologic agent in our State.