Abstract Recently, the morphology and encephalization of the brain endocast of the Triassic non-mammaliaform probainognathian cynodont Riograndia guaibensis were studied. Here, we analyzed the brain endocast of an additional specimen of this species. The new endocast shows well-defined olfactory bulbs and a median sulcus dividing the hemispheres, traits that were not clearly observed in the first studied specimen. Encephalization quotients were also calculated, revealing similar values to other non-mammaliaform cynodonts and lower than those of the first analyzed specimen. The analyzed cranium is slightly larger than the first studied one and may represent an advanced ontogenetic stage. Hence, these differences may be related to the intraspecific variation of this cynodont or alternatively, to the preservation of each specimen.

Abstract The Middle-Upper Triassic section of the Paraná Basin is included in the Santa Maria Supersequence. This stratigraphic unit is classified as a second-order Supersequence, being subdivided into three third-order sequences in which four Assemblage Zones (AZ) based on tetrapods are recognized. In this work, chemical analyses of fossils and hosting rocks of each AZ were performed in order to verify whether the geochemical patterns of the rocks could serve to distinguish them even in the absence of fossils. For this purpose, nine samples of fossils and their sedimentary matrices were analyzed, by ICP-MS. The results show that there were changes in the chemical parameters in force at the depositional time of each sequence (and corresponding AZ). In general, the lower portion of the package was deposited under more basic and dry environmental conditions, indicated by the Ca and Ba concentrations found in the rocks and bones that contains them. By its turn, the top of the section is characterized by more acid and humid conditions, evidenced by Al, Si, and Sr increase. Such a geochemical shift from dry to humid conditions occurred just at the beginning of the Late Triassic and is probably related to the Carnian Pluvial Episode.

ABSTRACT: In this contribution, we present an analysis of the main faciological features of the São Jerônimo da Serra Site, related to the Morro Pelado Member of Rio do Rasto Formation (Middle/Upper Permian), from Paraná State, Brazil, integrated to its taphonomic context. The outcrop, rich in vertebrates and bivalves remains, presents a succession of red siltstones bedded with fine to medium sandstones in which three architectural elements were observed: SF (sheetflood deposits), FF (fine of flood plain) and CS (crevasse). These data, allied to the taphonomic signatures of fossils assigned to eight levels, allowed the identification of three taphofacies. The taphofacies I is characterized by preserved bones in floodplain facies, with different articulation grades and absence of any sign of transport. The taphofacies II is composed by small isolated or fragmented bones and fish scales deposited in terminal splay facies. The taphofacies III is characterized by sandy layers with bivalve shells and fish scales, preserved in crevasse-splay deposits. The obtained data shows that the studied sedimentary succession was generated on a dry trend environment, with sporadic water supply, which conditioned the fossil preservation.

INTRODUÇÃO: A alta prevalência de interrupções nas fases iniciais do atendimento psicoterapêutico tem sido demonstrada em estudos nacionais e internacionais. Estudos com pacientes adultos têm demonstrado variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas associadas à aderência/não aderência à psicoterapia, porém a literatura voltada a crianças é escassa. OBJETIVO:Examinar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas/clínicas e aderência/não aderência à psicoterapia psicanalítica de crianças. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo documental, retrospectivo, realizado a partir dos prontuários de todas as crianças atendidas em duas instituições de atendimento psicológico em Porto Alegre entre 1979 e 2007. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 2.106 prontuários, sendo que 1.083 compuseram a amostra final da presente investigação. Destas, 21,5% não aderiram ao tratamento. A variável fonte de encaminhamento mostrou-se associada ao desfecho, demonstrando que o encaminhamento à psicoterapia por psiquiatras é um fator protetor à não aderência ao tratamento, enquanto que o encaminhamento pela família é um fator de risco para a não aderência. CONCLUSÃO: Conhecer o perfil das crianças que não aderem à psicoterapia possibilita aos terapeutas o estabelecimento de técnicas de intervenção em fases iniciais do tratamento, a fim de facilitar a adesão da família à psicoterapia da criança. Abandono e não aderência à psicoterapia devem ser entendidos por clínicos e pesquisadores como fenômenos distintos, tendo em vista que apresentam preditores diferentes.

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence of interruptions in the early stages of psychotherapeutic treatment has been shown in national and international studies. Studies conducted with adults have demonstrated association between social, demographic, and clinical characteristics and adherence/non-adherence to psychotherapy; however, literature focused on children is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between social, demographic, and clinical variables and adherence/non-adherence to treatment in child psychoanalytic psychotherapy. METHOD: This is a retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of all children who received treatment at two psychological clinics in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, between 1979 and 2007. RESULTS: A total of 2,106 records were analyzed, and 1,083 children were included in the final sample. Of these, 21.5% did not adhere to treatment. The variable referral source was associated with the outcome, i.e., referral to psychotherapy by psychiatrists was a protective factor to non-adherence to treatment, whereas referral by the family was a risk factor for non-adherence. CONCLUSION: Knowing the profile of children who do not adhere to psychotherapy enables therapists to establish intervention techniques in the early stages of treatment, so as to facilitate family adherence to child psychotherapy. Because dropout and non-adherence to therapy have different predictive factors, they should be considered as distinct phenomena by clinicians and investigators.