RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a implementação das ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em duas maternidades de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Foram incluídas todas as mulheres admitidas para o parto com diagnóstico de HIV e seus respectivos recém-nascidos, nos anos de 2014 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: a população foi composta por 46 pares de mães e recém-nascidos. O manejo foi considerado inadequado em 30 casos de parturientes/puérperas (65,2 %) e em 14 casos de recém-nascidos (30,4%). Os principais motivos para a inadequação do manejo materno foram: ausência da inibição farmacológica da lactação (53,3%) e do aconselhamento/consentimento na realização do exame anti-HIV (43,3%). Para os recém-nascidos, início tardio da primeira dose daZidovudina (50,0%) e não prescrição da Nevirapina (28,6%). Conclusões: oportunidades importantes de prevenção foram perdidas, apontando para a necessidade de melhoria da assistência.

ABSTRACT Objectives: assess the implementation of actions to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Methods: a retrospective cohort study conducted in two maternity hospitals in the city of Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais. All women admitted for childbirth diagnosed with HIV and their respective newborns were included from 2014 to 2017. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively. Results: population consisted of 46 pairs of mothers and newborns. Management was considered inadequate in 30 cases of parturient/postpartum women (65.2%) and 14 cases of newborns (30.4%). The main reasons for inadequate maternal management were lack of pharmacological inhibition of lactation (53.3%) and counseling/consent for HIV testing (43.3%). For newborns, late onsetoffirst dose ofZidovudine (50.0%) and no prescriptionofNevirapine (28.6%). Conclusions: important prevention opportunities were missed, pointing to the need for improved care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la implementación de acciones para prevenir la transmisión vertical del VIH. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado en dos hospitales de maternidad em la ciudad de Montes Claros, estado de Minas Gerais. Todas las mujeres ingresadas para el parto diagnosticadas con VIH y sus respectivos reciénnacidos se incluyeron entre 2014 y 2017. Los datos se recopilaron de los registros médicos y se analizaron descriptivamente. Resultados: la población consistió en 46 pares de madres y reciénnacidos. El manejo se consideró inadecuado en 30 casos de mujeres parturientas/posparto (65,2%) y 14 casos de reciénnacidos(30,4%). Las razones principales para el manejo materno inadecuado fueron: falta de inhibición farmacológica de lalactancia (53.3%) y asesoramiento/consentimiento para la prueba del VIH (43,3%). Para los reciénnacidos, inicio tardío de la primera dosis de zidovudina (50.0%) y sin prescripción de nevirapina (28,6%). Conclusiones: se perdieron importantes oportunidades de prevención, lo que indica la necesidad de una mejor atención.

ABSTRACT Objectives: assess the implementation of actions to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Methods: a retrospective cohort study conducted in two maternity hospitals in the city of Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais. All women admitted for childbirth diagnosed with HIV and their respective newborns were included from 2014 to 2017. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively. Results: population consisted of 46 pairs of mothers and newborns. Management was considered inadequate in 30 cases of parturient/postpartum women (65.2%) and 14 cases of newborns (30.4%). The main reasons for inadequate maternal management were lack of pharmacological inhibition of lactation (53.3%) and counseling/consent for HIV testing (43.3%). For newborns, late onsetoffirst dose ofZidovudine (50.0%) and no prescriptionofNevirapine (28.6%). Conclusions: important prevention opportunities were missed, pointing to the need for improved care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la implementación de acciones para prevenir la transmisión vertical del VIH. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado en dos hospitales de maternidad em la ciudad de Montes Claros, estado de Minas Gerais. Todas las mujeres ingresadas para el parto diagnosticadas con VIH y sus respectivos reciénnacidos se incluyeron entre 2014 y 2017. Los datos se recopilaron de los registros médicos y se analizaron descriptivamente. Resultados: la población consistió en 46 pares de madres y reciénnacidos. El manejo se consideró inadecuado en 30 casos de mujeres parturientas/posparto (65,2%) y 14 casos de reciénnacidos(30,4%). Las razones principales para el manejo materno inadecuado fueron: falta de inhibición farmacológica de lalactancia (53.3%) y asesoramiento/consentimiento para la prueba del VIH (43,3%). Para los reciénnacidos, inicio tardío de la primera dosis de zidovudina (50.0%) y sin prescripción de nevirapina (28,6%). Conclusiones: se perdieron importantes oportunidades de prevención, lo que indica la necesidad de una mejor atención.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a implementação das ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em duas maternidades de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Foram incluídas todas as mulheres admitidas para o parto com diagnóstico de HIV e seus respectivos recém-nascidos, nos anos de 2014 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: a população foi composta por 46 pares de mães e recém-nascidos. O manejo foi considerado inadequado em 30 casos de parturientes/puérperas (65,2 %) e em 14 casos de recém-nascidos (30,4%). Os principais motivos para a inadequação do manejo materno foram: ausência da inibição farmacológica da lactação (53,3%) e do aconselhamento/consentimento na realização do exame anti-HIV (43,3%). Para os recém-nascidos, início tardio da primeira dose daZidovudina (50,0%) e não prescrição da Nevirapina (28,6%). Conclusões: oportunidades importantes de prevenção foram perdidas, apontando para a necessidade de melhoria da assistência.

ABSTRACT Objective The prevalence of overweight and obesity is gradually increasing in both developed and developing countries. Obesity, for instance, can present multifactorial causes that interact with each other. Among the important factors, parental obesity plays a prominent role in the onset of obesity during childhood and teenage years through genetics and ambient aspects. This study aims to verify the possible existence of an association between overweight/obesity of schoolchildren and cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors for their parents. Subjetcs and methods For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1,243 children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 17. Out of the total number of participants, 563 (45.3%) were boys who were selected across 19 schools in the urban and rural areas of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). The overweight/obesity status of the schoolchildren was evaluated through their body mass index (BMI). Additionally, a self-reference questionnaire was employed to measure their parents’ CVR. Results The results of this study revealed that students with overweight/obesity have a higher probability of having a father with hypertension (OR = 1.49; p = 0.038) and obesity (OR = 2.36; p = 0.002) and a mother with obesity (OR = 1.72; p = 0.016). Conclusion To conclude, this study confirms a relationship between overweight/obesity of schoolchildren with CVR for their parents.

ABSTRACT Fig tree (Ficus carica L.) breeding programs using conventional methods, such as directed crosses, to obtain new cultivars, are unworkable in many countries, including Brazil. Consequently, genetic breeding through mutagenesis has emerged as an important line of research that can improve this crop, and be a significant source of information about this species and assist in the implementation of propagation projects and appropriate management. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of epigenetic variability attributable to DNA methylation in irradiated fig selections when compared both to each other and to the main commercial cultivar, “Roxo-de-Valinhos”, which had previously used methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) and DNA sequencing to detect the position of polymorphic regions, analyzable by bioinformatic tools. The sequencing of DNA, isolated from the differentially methylated sites, makes it possible to observe different patterns of methylation by sequencing the treated DNA with sodium bisulfite in the coding regions of regulatory genes active in the development, and fruit ripening stages. Furthermore, they have been found in the mitochondrial DNA of treatments which regulate the supply of energy in Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) form in plants. Closely related to their development, they justify the different phenotypes found in both fruit and plant growth that have suffered stress due to exposure to gamma radiation. Thus, future studies on gene expression in treatments have emerged as an extremely important strategy for understanding these complex regulatory systems, which may lead to the identification of genes of agricultural interest for the fig tree crop, and allow for manipulation and subsequent propagation of improved crops for commercial purposes.