Abstract Background Few studies have assessed elderly patients with Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK). Objectives To evaluate the progression of TAK in different age groups and its possible effects on drug treatment and disease activity. Methods This cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study included 66 TAK patients. Patients were interviewed and data of the 12 preceding months were collected from electronic medical records. The patients were divided into four quartiles according to current age and compared for clinical and laboratory data, treatment, comorbidities, disease status, and functional status. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The groups were Q1(22-36 years, n=16), Q2(37-42 years, n=18), Q3(43-49 years, n=17), and Q4(51-66 years, n=15). The frequency of patients with disease activity, fatigue, comorbidities and vascular impairments, and the TAK disease extent index were also comparable between the groups. With age, disease duration was longer (p=0.001), fewer patients used prednisone (Q1:43.8%, Q2:33.3%, Q3:11.8%, and Q4:6.7%; p=0.049) and immunosuppressive drugs [Q1:100.0%, Q2:66.7%, Q3:58.8%, and Q4:46.7%; Q1 versus Q3 (p=0.043), and Q1 versus Q4 (p=0.005) in post-hoc analyses], and patients had greater functional status impairment (Q2 versus Q3, p=0.003). In addition, the levels of disease damage, new TAK symptoms, and complications in the preceding 12 months were not different between the groups. Conclusions Older patients with TAK require minimal drug treatment, and have greater impairment of functional status, which may be attributed to aging-related factors.

Resumo Fundamentos Poucos estudos avaliaram pacientes idosos com Arterite de Takayasu (AT). Objetivo Avaliar o progresso de AT em diferentes grupos etários em seus possíveis efeitos sobre o tratamento medicamentoso e atividade da doença. Métodos este estudo transversal, retrospectivo, do tipo coorte incluiu 66 pacientes com AT. Os pacientes foram entrevistados, e dados dos 12 meses anteriores foram coletados dos prontuários médicos eletrônicos. Os pacientes foram divididos em quatro quartis de acordo com idade atual, e comparados quanto aos dados clínicos e laboratoriais, tratamento, comorbidades, status da doença, e status funcional. Um p<0,05 foi estabelecido como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Os grupos foram definidos como Q1(22-36 anos, n=16), Q2(37-42 anos, n=18), Q3(43-49 anos, n=17), e Q4(51-66 anos, n=15). A frequência de pacientes com atividade da doença, fadiga, comorbidades e comprometimentos vasculares, e o índice de extensão da doença (DEI. Tak) foram comparáveis entre os grupos. Pacientes com idade mais avançada apresentaram maior duração da doença (p=0,001) e maior comprometimento do status funcional (Q2 versus Q3, p=0,003); menos pacientes usaram prednisona (Q1:43,8%; Q2:33,3%; Q3:11,8%; e Q4:6,7%; p=0,049) e agentes imunossupressores [Q1:100,0%; Q2:66,7%; Q3:58,8% e Q4:46,7%; Q1 versus Q3 (p=0,043) e Q1 versus Q4 (p=0,005) nas análises post-hoc]. Além disso, os níveis de danos da doença, sintomas de uma nova ocorrência de AT, e complicações nos 12 meses precedentes não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Conclusão Pacientes com AT e idade mais avançada requerem mínima intervenção medicamentosa e apresentam maior comprometimento no status funcional, o que pode ser atribuído a fatores relacionados ao envelhecimento.

Crotalaria ochroleuca (Fabaceae) is rich in bioactive compounds used for nematode control. Transformed root culture allows the production of a large amount of hairy root biomass, conditioned by auxin biosynthesis-related genes integrated via the process of Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection, which is known to cause a hairy root phenotype. We transformed A. rhizogenes to increase the biomass of hairy roots and optimized the process of production of bioactive compounds. The transformed nature of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, which confers kanamycin resistance. The transformed roots were cultured in full-strength in liquid media to realize the growth of hairy roots and the production of bioactive compounds. The transformed roots were grown in a culture medium supplemented with elicitors to produce total phenols, and flavonoids. Chromatographic analysis of transformed roots revealed the presence of flavonoids apigenin-6,8-C-diglucoside and luteolin-6-C-glucoside. The results were obtained by conducting physiological and biochemical studies with the Flavonoids and studying the pathways that led to the production of large amounts of bioactive compounds from the hairy roots of C. ochroleuca. It was observed that the extraction of the compounds significantly affected nematodes and insect larvae, resulting in significantly high levels of economic damage to crops.

ABSTRACT The production of inoculum from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at a large scale and low cost is essential for establishing methods to assist in producing pineapple plantlets with high nutritional and phytosanitary quality. However, this objective is difficult to accomplish because of the biotrophic nature of these fungi. The on-farm multiplication method for AMF inoculum presents a good alternative to supply the demand for the production of glomerospores. This study aimed to multiply and evaluate AMF inoculum originating from isolated species (including Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum) versus native AMF from pineapple and coffee plantations multiplied by the on-farm method on the colonization in pineapple plantlets. Initially, inocula of R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and native AMF (pineapple and coffee) were multiplied by the on-farm method in Sorghum bicolor. After four months, the number of AMF spores and the percentage of viable spores at the layers of 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m were evaluated. There were no differences in spore numbers in relation to the source of the inoculum (R. clarus, C. etunicatum, pineapple, and coffee) and evaluated layers, with an average number of 605 spores per 100 cm3 of soil. The percentage of viable spores was greater at the layer of 0.00-0.05 m (76.32 %) compared to the layer of 0.05-0.10 m (72.05 %), regardless of the inoculum source. The viability of the inoculum obtained from C. etunicatum was higher than that from the coffee crop (77.93 and 68.06 %, respectively). Subsequently, the spores were inoculated in pineapple plantlets to assess the rate of colonization. Pineapple plantlets inoculated with AMF had an average of colonization of 18 and 67.73 % after 50 and 180 days cultivation, respectively, with no significant difference being detected between treatments. Therefore, on-farm inoculum production was effective at multiplying the AMF of both isolates of R. clarus and C. etunicatum, as well as for commercial crops (pineapple and coffee), with spores having high viability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonized pineapple plantlets independently of the inoculum utilized and favored its growth.

Besouros do gênero Rhinochenus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) danificam sementes de espécies da flora do Cerrado brasileiro como o jatobá (Hymenea courbaril L.) e a copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de pupas e adultos de R. stigma, bem como aspectos comportamentais, como a emissão de sons, para auxiliar a sexagem desta espécie. Os insetos foram obtidos de frutos de jatobá coletados no Município de São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. As características morfométricas de pupas e adultos não apresentaram diferenças pelo teste t, não sendo seguras para a diferenciação dos sexos. Para adultos de R. stigma, a sexagem só foi possível após a morte, pela dissecação dos órgãos genitais.

Beetles of genus Rhinochenus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage the seeds of species of flora of Brazilian savannah such as jatobá (Hymenea courbaril L.) and copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Thus, the objective of the present was to evaluate the morphology of pupae and adult R. stigma, as well as behavioral aspects such as emission of sounds, to assist in sexing this species. The insects were obtained from jatobá fruits collected in São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The morphometric characteristics of both phases did not differ by t test, being not safe for the differentiation of the sexes. For adults of R. stigma, sexing was possible only after death, by dissection of the genitalia.

O objetivo deste artigo foi caracterizar o processo do trabalho rural em nove municípios de Minas Gerais, considerando indicadores sócio-demográficos, a estrutura agrária dos estabelecimentos rurais, práticas de trabalho relacionadas ao uso de agrotóxicos e, a intoxicação associada a seu uso. Os dados foram obtidos de uma pesquisa realizada pela Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo, de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, que aplicou um questionário a 1.064 trabalhadores rurais, entre os anos de 1991 a 2000. Por meio de uma regressão logística, foram obtidos os fatores de risco associados à intoxicação por agrotóxicos dos grupos organofosforados e carbamatos. Cerca de 50% dos entrevistados se encontravam ao menos moderadamente intoxicados. Os fatores de risco encontrados foram: ter o último contato a menos de duas semanas com agrotóxicos; não usar proteção; ser orientado pelo vendedor; citar organofosforado ou carbamato como agrotóxico principal e trabalhar nos municípios de Teófoli Otoni, Guidoval ou Piraúba. Os resultados apontam para o alto grau de risco de agravos à saúde a que estão sujeitos trabalhadores rurais em contato com agrotóxicos.

This paper aimed to characterize the rural work process in nine counties in Minas Gerais State, considering socio-demographic indicators, the land tenure structure of farm operations, and work practices related to pesticide use and poisoning Data were obtained through the Jorge Duprat Figueiredo Foundation for Workers' Safety and Occupational Medicine, which applied a questionnaire to 1,064 rural workers from 1991 to 2000. Through a logistic regression, risk factors associated with pesticide poisoning were obtained for the carbamate and organophosphate groups. Some 50% of interviewees displayed at least moderate pesticide toxicity. Risk factors for pesticide poisoning were: last contact with pesticides less than two weeks before the blood cholinesterase test; no use of personal protective equipment by workers applying pesticides; having received instructions from the pesticide salesperson; report of carbamates/organophosphates as the main pesticides used; and working in the counties of Teófoli Otoni, Guidoval, or Piraúba. The results emphasize the high level of health risk associated with pesticide use among these rural workers.

O objetivo deste artigo foi caracterizar o processo do trabalho rural em nove municípios de Minas Gerais, considerando indicadores sócio-demográficos, a estrutura agrária dos estabelecimentos rurais, práticas de trabalho relacionadas ao uso de agrotóxicos e, a intoxicação associada a seu uso. Os dados foram obtidos de uma pesquisa realizada pela Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo, de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, que aplicou um questionário a 1.064 trabalhadores rurais, entre os anos de 1991 a 2000. Por meio de uma regressão logística, foram obtidos os fatores de risco associados à intoxicação por agrotóxicos dos grupos organofosforados e carbamatos. Cerca de 50% dos entrevistados se encontravam ao menos moderadamente intoxicados. Os fatores de risco encontrados foram: ter o último contato a menos de duas semanas com agrotóxicos; não usar proteção; ser orientado pelo vendedor; citar organofosforado ou carbamato como agrotóxico principal e trabalhar nos municípios de Teófoli Otoni, Guidoval ou Piraúba. Os resultados apontam para o alto grau de risco de agravos à saúde a que estão sujeitos trabalhadores rurais em contato com agrotóxicos.

This paper aimed to characterize the rural work process in nine counties in Minas Gerais State, considering socio-demographic indicators, the land tenure structure of farm operations, and work practices related to pesticide use and poisoning Data were obtained through the Jorge Duprat Figueiredo Foundation for Workers' Safety and Occupational Medicine, which applied a questionnaire to 1,064 rural workers from 1991 to 2000. Through a logistic regression, risk factors associated with pesticide poisoning were obtained for the carbamate and organophosphate groups. Some 50% of interviewees displayed at least moderate pesticide toxicity. Risk factors for pesticide poisoning were: last contact with pesticides less than two weeks before the blood cholinesterase test; no use of personal protective equipment by workers applying pesticides; having received instructions from the pesticide salesperson; report of carbamates/organophosphates as the main pesticides used; and working in the counties of Teófoli Otoni, Guidoval, or Piraúba. The results emphasize the high level of health risk associated with pesticide use among these rural workers.

Para este trabalho, analisou-se a dependência do coeficiente de cultura para o estádio de desenvolvimento inicial (Kc ini) à lâmina de irrigação e textura do solo; os Kc ini foram estimados por meio da relação entre a evaporação direta da água do solo (Es) avaliada pelo modelo de Ritchie, e a evapotranspiração de referência, pelo método de Penman-Monteith, padrão FAO - 1991. Os dados meteorológicos utilizados referentes ao ano de 1998, foram coletados na estação meteorológica do INMET, situada no Campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em que o modelo de Ritchie possibilitou a estimativa da Es para nove valores de lâminas de irrigação aplicadas (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 e 60 mm) com o objetivo de se analisar a dependência de Kc ini à lâmina de irrigação e textura do solo. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de Kc ini são maiores quando se aumenta o valor da lâmina de água aplicada, mas eles não aumentaram quando o valor da lâmina aplicada foi maior que o suficiente para que, no modelo de Ritchie, ocorresse o retorno ao início da fase 1 de evaporação da água do solo, para todas as texturas de solo estudadas.

The dependency of the crop coefficient of the initial stage of crop development (Kc ini) upon applied irrigation water depth was analyzed for three different soil textures. Nine depths of irrigation water (5, 10,15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mm) were studied. The Ritchie’s model was carried out to estimate the direct soil water evaporation for different patterns of soil wetness. The Kc ini values were obtained for the different soil textures, and for each soil wetness condition, to analyse the dependency of the Kc ini on the applied irrigation water depth. It was observed that the dependency Kc ini was directly proportional to the amount of irrigation water applied. However, it was also observed that the Kc ini values did not increase when the irrigation water applied was not enough to bring the soil moisture condition to phase 1 of direct soil water evaporation in the Ritchie model for the soils of three different textures.