SUMMARY Refractory celiac disease is an uncommon condition which might be associated to poor prognosis. It is often treated with immunosuppressive medications, with poor results. It is divided in type 1 and type 2, the latter carrying a high risk for lymphoma and mortality. A case of a 41 year old female patient with refractory celiac disease type 2 is reported. She was treated with oral budesonide for six months, achieving histological remission.

ABSTRACT Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis considered endemic and limited to Latin America with the majority of registered cases originating from Brazil. The purpose of this paper was to report a case of a female patient with paracoccidioidomycosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and to systematically review available cases of the intestinal presentation of this infectious disease. Case report: Female patient, 32-years old, previously asymptomatic, presenting with acute pain in the lower right abdomen, associated with signs of peritoneal irritation and abdominal distension. Urgent surgery was performed, which identified a severe suppurative perforated ileitis. The anatomopathological study revealed fungal structures shaped as a ship’s pilot wheel in Grocott-Gomori’s staining, suggestive of Paracoccidioides spp. Methods: Studies were retrieved based on Medical Subject Headings and Health Sciences Descriptors, which were combined using Boolean operators. Searches were run on the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), BIREME (Biblioteca Regional de Medicina), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Embase, and Opengray.eu. Languages were restricted to English, Spanish and Portuguese. There was no date of publication restrictions. The reference lists of the studies retrieved were searched manually. Simple descriptive analysis was used to summarize the results. Results: Our search strategy retrieved 581 references. In the final analysis, 34 references were included, with a total of 46 case reports. The most common clinical finding was abdominal pain and weight loss present in 31 (67.3%) patients. Most patients were treated with itraconazole (41.3%) and amphotericin B (36.9%). All-cause mortality was 12.8%. Conclusions: Paracoccidioidomycosis should be suspected in endemics areas, specially as a differential diagnosis for inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopic tests and biopsy are useful for diagnosis and treatment with antifungal drugs seem to be the first treatment option to achieve a significant success rate.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar os níveis de qualidade de vida (QV) de pais de crianças com e sem diagnóstico médico de asma. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo com pais e cuidadores de crianças com e sem asma no período de 2015 a 2016. Foram selecionados pais de crianças com asma (grupo asma) em acompanhamento ambulatorial e pais de crianças sem asma ou com asma em remissão (grupo controle) em escolas proximais ao estudo, sendo aplicado um questionário respiratório para classificação da amostra. Para avaliação dos níveis de QV, foi aplicado o instrumento desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)- The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), previamente validado para a população em estudo, sendo comparados os domínios físico, psicológico, das relações sociais e do meio ambiente e o escore total, além ter sido realizada correlação entre os níveis de autopercepção da QV e da satisfação com a saúde. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 101 cuidadores de crianças com e sem asma- 50 (49,5%) formaram o grupo asma, e 51 (50,5%), o grupo controle. Amaioria dos genitores é do sexo feminino (n=89; 88,1%), com idade média de 33,5±10,4anos. Naavaliação da QV, o valor do escore total dos domínios foi considerado satisfatório, tanto na avaliação geral (68,6±13,4) quanto por grupos (asma: 62,8±10,7; controle: 74,3±13,4), demonstrando diferenças significativas entre estes em todos domínios estipulados pelo instrumento (p<0,001), bem como no escore total (p<0,001). Conclusões: Cuidadores de crianças com asma possuem QV significativamente inferior à dos responsáveis por crianças saudáveis.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the levels of quality of life of parents/caregivers of children with and without diagnosis of asthma. Methods: Parents of children with asthma (asthma group) undergoing outpatient care and parents of children without asthma or asthma in remission (control group) were selected from public schools. They answered a questionnaire about quality of life (The World Health Organization Quality of Life- WHOQOL-BREF), previously validated for the study population. Domains (physical, psychological, social relations, environment and total score) were compared between groups, as well as the levels of correlation of self-perceived quality of life and satisfaction with health. Results: 101 parents/caregivers were included in the sample, that is, 50 (49.5%) parents of asthmatic children and 51 (50.5%) in the control group. Most parents included in the sample were females (n=89; 88.1%), with mean age of 33.5±10.4 years. When assessing quality of life, the overall score of domains was considered satisfactory, both in general evaluation (68.6±13.4) and in each group (asthma: 62.8±10.7; control: 74.3±13.4; p-value<0.001). Comparison of asthma and control groups showed significant differences in total score and in scores of all domains (p<0.001). Conclusions: Parents/caregiversof children with asthma have a lower quality of life compared to parents/caregivers of healthy children.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os níveis de conhecimento em asma de pais de crianças escolares. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com pais de crianças com diagnóstico médico de asma (leve, moderada e grave), em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um centro de referência em asma infantil na Região Sul do Brasil (Grupo Asma). Foram também selecionados pais de crianças com asma em remissão e crianças saudáveis (Grupo Controle). Aplicou-se o questionário Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) em ambos os grupos. Resultados Participaram do estudo 154 pais de crianças, sendo 62 (40,26%) do Grupo Asma e 92 (59,74%) do Grupo Controle, com média de idade de 35,60±10,03 anos. Destes, 132 (85,7%) eram do sexo feminino e 72 (46,8%) eram pais com escolaridade até o Ensino Médio. A pontuação média do nível de conhecimento foi de 18,06±4,11 pontos. Apenas 30,5% dos pais apresentaram níveis aceitáveis de conhecimento em asma, os quais, por sua vez, foram mais prevalentes no Grupo Asma do que no Grupo Controle (41,9% versus 22,8%; p=0,01). E a média de pontuação no Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) foi maior no Grupo Asma (19,32±3,92 versus 17,21±4,03, p=0,001), respectivamente. Os pais de crianças com asma leve e moderada acertaram mais do que os de asma grave (19,5 e 19,9 versus 18,2 pontos; p=0,02). Conclusão A maioria dos pais apresentou nível insatisfatório de conhecimento sobre a asma, o que reforça a necessidade de mudanças nos programas públicos de manejo de asma.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the levels of knowledge about asthma of parents of school children. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with parents of children with medical diagnosis of asthma (mild, moderate and severe), followed up at an outpatient referral center for childhood asthma in the Southern region of Brazil (Asthma Group). Parents of children with asthma in remission and healthy children were also selected (Control Group). The Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) questionnaire was applied in both groups. Results A total of 154 parents of children participated in the study; in that, 62 (40.26%) in the Asthma Group, and 92 (59.74%) in the Control Group, with a mean age of 35.60±10.03 years. Of these, 132 (85.7%) were female, and 72 (46.8%) parents studied up to high school. The average score of level of knowledge was 18.06±4.11 points. Only 30.5% parents had acceptable levels of knowledge about asthma, which were more prevalent in the Asthma Group than in the Control Group (41.9% versus 22.8%, p=0.01). The mean score in Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) was higher in the Asthma Group (19.32±3.92 versus 17.21±4.03, p=0.001), respectively. The parents with mild and moderate asthmatic children scored more than those of severe asthma (19.5 and 19.9 versus 18.2 points, p=0.02). Conclusion Most parents had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about asthma, which reinforces the need for changes in public asthma management programs.