ABSTRACT: The current production of major crops, such as Glycine max L., has become increasingly adept on the use of bio-inputs, such as application of plant growth-promoting inocula. However, the evaluation of the potential of bacterial isolates from soils with different time histories of agricultural use are still scarce, and methods for isolation and testing of multifunctional microorganisms need to be continuously innovated and improved. Thus, we used G. max bait plants to attract rhizobacteria from soils obtained from three areas with different time histories of soybean cultivation. We evaluated the influence of the management and characteristics of soils on the phosphate-solubilizing bacterial population. We then tested the multifunctional potential of the isolated rhizobacteria for calcium phosphate (CaHPO4) and iron phosphate (FePO4) solubilization, considering their potential as microbial inoculants in the future. The use of bait plants enabled the isolation of 139 phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria, including four strains with multifunctional potential. The largest number of solubilizing bacteria was obtained from the interaction of bait plants with soil from an area with a history of soybean cultivation for thirty consecutive years. The high concentration of P, Fe, and K found in the soil were associated with this occurrence. In the in vitro tests, the pH values of the culture media had a moderate negative relationship with the amounts of P made available by the isolates, indicating that other processes besides the availability of organic acids, may underlie the solubilizing action of the isolates. The rhizobacteria SAF9 (Brevibacillus sp.), SAF11 (Brevibacillus sp.), BRC11 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), and SAC36 (Bacillus velezensis) stood out as multifunctional and are indicated within a perspective of obtaining bioinoculants to promote plant growth directly, indirectly, or synergistically, contributing to increase the range of bio-inputs for soybean cultivation and more sustainable agricultural practices.

RESUMO: A produção atual de grandes culturas, como Glycine max L. tem se mostrado cada vez mais adepta da utilização de bioinsumos, como a aplicação de inóculos promotores do crescimento vegetal. No entanto, avaliações do potencial de isolados bacterianos de solos com diferentes históricos de tempo de uso agrícola ainda são escassos e os métodos para isolamento e testagem de micro-organismos multifuncionais precisam ser continuamente inovados e melhorados. Assim, usamos plantas iscas de G. max para atrair rizobactérias de solos obtidos de três áreas com diferentes históricos de cultivo de soja. Avaliamos a influência do manejo e das características dos solos sobre a população de bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato. Em seguida, testamos o potencial multifuncional das rizobactérias isoladas para solubilização de fosfato de cálcio (CaHPO4) e fosfato de ferro (FePO4), considerando seu potencial como inoculantes microbianos no futuro. O uso de plantas iscas permitiu o isolamento de 139 rizobactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato, incluindo quatro cepas com potencial multifuncional. O maior número de bactérias solubilizadoras foi obtido a partir da interação das plantas-isca com o solo de uma área com histórico de cultivo de soja por trinta anos consecutivos. Características como a alta concentração de P, Fe e K neste solo, estiveram associadas a esta ocorrência. Nos testes in vitro, os valores de pH dos meios de cultivo se correlacionaram negativamente, mas de forma moderada com as quantidades de P disponibilizados pelos isolados, indicando que outros processos, além da disponibilização de ácidos orgânicos podem estar subjacentes à ação solubilizadora dos isolados. As rizobactérias SAF9 (Brevibacillus sp.), SAF11 (Brevibacillus sp.), BRC11 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) e SAC36 (Bacillus velezensis) se destacaram como multifuncionais e são indicadas dentro de uma perspectiva de obtenção de bioinoculantes para promoção do crescimento vegetal de forma direta, indireta ou sinérgica, contribuindo para aumentar a gama de bioinsumos destinados à cultura da soja e para práticas agrícolas mais sustentáveis.

ABSTRACT Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent alternative strategies to reduce the cost and increase the production of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) seedlings associated with different substrates. This study aimed to assess the effect of inoculating PSM and AMF in different substrates for cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) culturing. The experiment was installed with a completely randomized design, using a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four inoculation treatments (PSM, AMF, PSM + AMF, and Control - absence of inoculation), and two soils substrates (pure sandy substrate and mixed substrate). The substrates and microorganism had influence in cagaita seedling growth. The pure substrate conferred better performance of plant growth parameters. In this substrate, cagaita seedlings had higher stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume and root dry weight. The cultivation of seedlings in pure substrate inoculated with AMF and PSM provided greater Mo content in the leaves. The higher root volume of cagaita seedlings was obtained with the inoculation of PSM. A sandy substrate seems to be the most adequate for the cultivation of cagaita seedlings. In addition, co-inoculation provides higher Fe, Mg, and K content in the leaves, as this work showed.

RESUMEN Los microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato (PSM) y los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) representan estrategias alternativas para reducir el costo y aumentar la producción de plántulas de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) asociadas a diferentes sustratos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de PSM y HMA en diferentes sustratos para el cultivo de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica). El experimento se instaló con un diseño completamente al azar, utilizando un esquema factorial 4 × 2, con cuatro tratamientos de inoculación (PSM, HMA, PSM + HMA y Control - ausencia de inoculación), y dos sustratos de suelo (sustrato arenoso puro y sustrato mixto). Los sustratos y microorganismos influyeron en el crecimiento de las plántulas de cagaita. El sustrato puro propició un mejor desempeño de los parámetros de crecimiento de las plantas. En este sustrato, las plántulas de cagaita presentaron mayor diámetro de tallo, masa fresca y seca de brotes, volumen de raíz y masa seca de la raíz. El cultivo de plántulas en sustrato puro inoculadas con HMA y PSM proporcionó mayor contenido de Mo en las hojas. El mayor volumen de raíces de plántulas de cagaita se obtuvo con la inoculación de PSM. Un sustrato arenoso parece ser el más adecuado para el cultivo de plántulas de cagaita. Además, la coinoculación proporciona un mayor contenido de Fe, Mg y K en las hojas, como mostró este trabajo.

RESUMO: Análise de crescimento de plantas pode ser utilizada para avaliação de plantas e identificação de mudanças causadas por microrganismos de solo, depois de serem inoculados nas sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir as mudanças no crescimento de plantas de soja inoculadas em condição de cultivos extensivos de campo no Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido para comparar cinco tratamentos inoculados: T1 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum e B. diazoefficiens), T2 (T1 e Azospirillum brasilense), T3 (T1 e Trichoderma asperellum), T4 (T1 and T. virens, e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) e T5 (T1 e Penicillum bilaiae). A área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes foram medidas nos estádios vegetativos e reprodutivos. Os resultados validam a contribuição da análise de crescimento de plantas de soja para identificar as respostas causadas pela inoculação de sementes com combinação de microrganismos selecionados. Os efeitos dos microrganismos no crescimento das plantas não variam apenas entre os microrganismos, mas também entre as partes das plantas e ao longo do seu desenvolvimento. A introdução de diferentes micróbios na rizosfera de soja, combinados com cepas de Bradyrhizobium sp. pode aumentar a produtividade de massa seca das culturas durante o seu ciclo de crescimento.

ABSTRACT: Plant growth analysis can be used for soybean plants evaluation to identify morphologic changes caused by soil microbes after seed inoculation. The objective was to measure changes of inoculated soybean plants grown under regular field Brazilian production conditions. The experiment was carried out to compare 5 inoculation treatments: T1 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. diazoefficiens), T2 (T1 and Azospirillum brasilense), T3 (T1 and Trichoderma asperellum), T4 (T1 and T. virens, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and T5 (T1 and Penicillum bilaiae). Leaf area, shoot and root dry matter were measured at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Results of this study validate the contribution of plant growth analysis of soybeans plants for identifying their responses promoted by the combined inoculation of their seeds with selected microbes. Also, the microbial effects on plant growth vary not only between microbes but also between parts of the plants and through the plant development stages. The introduction of different microbes in soybean rhizosphere combined with Bradyrhizobium sp. strains can contribute to increase crop dry matter productivity during its growing cycle.

Abstract Brazil, the world’s largest citros producer, yields around 19 million tons per year and exports most part of its production as orange juice. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from leaves, fruit and flowers of many species of the genus Citrus have been widely used as the result of their promising bioactivities. The fungus Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., an agent which causes soft rot in fruit, has been considered one of the main factors that cause postharvest diseases, thus, leading to major economic losses in agribusiness. This research aimed at evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal effect of EOs from two varieties of fresh Citrus sinensis (lima orange and bahia navel orange) peel on mycelial growth of R. stolonifer. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation, which was carried out by a Clevenger-type apparatus, while their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Limonene was the major monoterpene identified in EOs from lima orange (95.2%) and bahia navel orange (93.2%) peel. EOs from lima orange and bahia navel orange inhibited 91.95% and 80.05% mycelial growth of R. stolonifer, respectively, at the highest dose under evaluation (100 µL). This study revealed the biotechnological potential of EOs extracted from fruit peel of two varieties of citros which may applied to biofilm preparation, so as to coat and preserve different types of fruit.

Starch is a promising source of biopolymers and the incorporation of essential oils (EOs) into it can improve some biological properties of films. This study aimed at developing and characterizing barrier, biodegradability and optical properties of biopolymeric films made from arrowroot starch and at incorporating EOs from Piper aduncum leaves and inflorescences in order to analyze their antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The casting method was used for developing arrowroot starch films and incorporating EOs into them. Resulting films exhibited satisfactory barrier properties, low water vapor permeability (WVP), transparency and good barrier property against UV-vis light, besides being 100% biodegradable. In addition, films enriched with EOs at 0.75% and 1.0% revealed promising antifungal activity. Results showed, for the first time, that arrowroot starch enriched with EOs from P. aduncum can potentially be used as an active film due to its excellent physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity.

RESUMO: Existem fatores que podem afetar o conteúdo de óleo essencial das plantas, sendo o horário de coleta um deles. Assim, observa-se que o teor e a composição química de óleo essencial podem variar em certas plantas de acordo com horário de coleta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do horário de coleta sobre o conteúdo e a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de goiabeira ( Psidium guajava ). Folhas de Psidium guajava foram coletadas em diferentes horários do dia para determinar teor e composição química de seu óleo essencial. O óleo essencial não apresentou variação qualitativa da composição química em relação ao horário de coleta das folhas de Psidium guajava , mas alterou a concentração das substâncias, entre elas o α-humuleno e o trans-cariofileno. Os constituintes principais do óleo essencial das folhas de Psidium guajava são o limoneno (2,2-4,4%), trans-cariofileno (18,1-17,1%), α-humuleno (26,3-20,4%), aromadendreno (7,6-12,2%), α-selineno (7,3-11,3%), óxido de cariofileno (3,7-3,3%) epóxido de humuleno II (4,1-1,9%) e o selin-11-en-4α-ol (7,2-11,1%). No entanto, a maior produção de óleo essencial, foi obtida com as folhas coletadas às 19h, apresentando conteúdo de 0,38% (b.s.) e a mais baixa produção às 07h, apresentando conteúdo de 0,24% (b.s.). Através da análise química, identificou-se que compostos sesquiterpênicos apresentaram uma maior concentração (62,0%) e os monoterpenos e monoterpenoides foram os que apresentaram menor concentração (2,2 e 1,1%, respectivamente). As classes que sofreram maiores mudanças em relação ao horário de coleta foram os monoterpenos (2,2-4,4%) e os sesquiterpenos e os sesquiterpenoides (63,8-61,7% e 15,9-13,2%, respectivamente).

ABSTRACT: The essential oil plants contents can be affected by several factors. For example, in certain plants, collection time has been observed to affect the content and chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of collection time on the content and chemical composition of the essential oil from guava ( Psidium guajava L.) leaves. Leaves were collected at different times of the day and the content and chemical composition of their essential oil was determined. Collection time did not qualitatively affect the chemical composition of the essential oil. However, concentration of certain substances in the oil, such as α-humulene and trans-caryophyllene, did significantly vary at different collection times. The main constituents of the essential oil of Psidium guajava are limonene (2.2-4.4%), trans-caryophyllene (18.1-17.1%), α-humulene (26.3-20.4%), aromadendrene (7.6-12.2%), α-selinene (7.3-11.3%), caryophyllene oxide (3.7-3.3%), humulene epoxide II (4.1-1.9%), and selin-11-en-4α-ol (7.2-11.1%). Leaves collected at 7:00 AM had higher essential oil production, with a content of 0.38% (d.b.), whereas leaves collected at 7:00 PM had lower essential oil production, 0.24% (d.b.). Chemical analysis showed that sesquiterpene compounds represented the highest concentration (62.0%), and monoterpenoids and monoterpenes represented the lowest concentrations (1.1 and 2.2%, respectively). Chemical classes that underwent major changes with respect to collection time were monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenoids (2.2-4.4%, 63.8-61.7%, and 15.9-13.2%, respectively).

Soil mictobiota catties out important functions in ecosystems, since it influences growth, mineral nutrition and plant health. Phosphorus (P) is the most limiting nutrient in tropical soils and P-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most important groups of the soil microbial community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculating PSMs and AMF on the development of cashew trees (Anacardium othonianum Rizzini) from the Brazilian Cerrado growing on different substrates. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial 4 × 2 arrangement of treatments: PSMs, AMF, PSMs + AMF and the control. In addition, two substrates were used: a pure one with a sandy loam texture and a mixture of clay loam and clayish textures. Twelve replicates were performed. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and means were compared with the Tukey test (p<0.05). The co-inoculation with PSMs and AMF resulted in greater height and shoot dry matter of seedlings compared to isolated inoculations with these organisms. Seedlings increased height and shoot fresh and dry matter when grown in a mixture of substrates (soil with clay loam and clay textures). The use of a mixture of substrates also resulted in a greater symbiotic efficiency of Glomus etunicatum.

La microbiota del suelo desarrolla importantes funciones en los ecosistemas, ya que influye en el crecimiento, la nutrición mineral y la salud de las plantas. El fósforo (P) es el nutrimento más limitante en los suelos tropicales, y los microorganismos solubilizadores de P (MSP) y los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) son los grupos más importantes de la comunidad microbiana del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de MSP y HMA en el desarrollo de árboles de anacardo (Anacardium othonianum Rizzini) de el Cerrado Brasileño con distintos sustratos. Se realizó un experimento en invernadero y el diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorio con un arreglo factorial de 4 × 2 de los tratamientos: MSP, HMA, MSP+HMA y el control. Además, se usaron dos sustratos: uno puro, con textura franco arenoso, y una mezcla de texturas franco arcillosa y arcillosa. Se realizaron 12 réplicas. Los datos se procesaron con un análisis de varianza y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p<0.05). La coinoculación con MSP y HMA resultó en mayor altura y materia seca del vástago de las plántulas comparado con las inoculaciones aisladas con estos organismos. Las plántulas aumentaron su altura y materia húmeda y seca del vástago al cultivarse en una mezcla de sustratos (suelo con texturas franco arcillosa y arcillosa). El uso de una mezcla de sustratos también resultó en una eficiencia simbiótica mayor con Glomus etunicatum.

Avaliou-se a ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) em tanques contendo resíduo da mineração de bauxita cultivados com espécies arbóreas inoculadas com Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck e Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall na fase de viveiro. Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don juntamente com Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. ou uma mistura de várias espécies foram transplantadas em tanques contendo resíduo de bauxita. Coletaram-se amostras de resíduos em agosto/1998 (estação seca) e abril/1999 (estação chuvosa), extraíram e identificaram-se os esporos de FMAs. Determinaram-se a densidade dos esporos de FMAs, a densidade relativa, a freqüência de ocorrência de cada espécie por período de amostragem e o índice de abundância e freqüência (IAF). A densidade dos esporos e a diversidade das espécies de FMAs foram baixas sob ambas as coberturas. Um maior número de esporos de Glomus clarum, e alto IAF, foram detectados no substrato cultivado com Acacia holosericea e Sesbania virgata na época seca. Isto também ocorreu em ambas as áreas na época chuvosa. Não foram encontrados esporos de Gigaspora margarita em ambas as áreas, nas duas épocas. Independentemente da inoculação, verificaram-se esporos de Archeospora leptoticha (Schenck & Smith) Morton & Redecker, Entrophospora colombiana Spain & Schenck, Acaulospora mellea Spain & Schenck e Glomus macrocarpum Tulasne & Tulasne em abundância.

The establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was evaluated in two areas of bauxite mining residue planted to tree species inoculated with Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck and Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall in the nursery phase. Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don and Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. and a mixture of several tree species were transplanted to deposits of containing bauxite mining residue. In August, 1998 (dry season) and April, 1999 (rainy season) residue samples were collected and AMF spores extracted and identified. AMF spore density, relative density, frequency of occurrence of each AMF species per sampling period and abundance and frequency index (AFI) were estimated. Spore density and AMF diversity were low in both areas. A greater number of Glomus clarum spores and high AFI were found in bauxite residue grown to A. holosericea and S. virgata in the dry season. This was also detected in both areas in the rainy season. Spores of Gigaspora margarita were not detected in both areas and sampling periods. Independent of AMF inoculation, a large number of spores of Archeospora leptoticha (Schenck & Smith) Morton & Redecker, Entrophospora colombiana Spain & Schenck, Acaulospora mellea Spain & Schenck and Glomus macrocarpum Tulasne & Tulasne was detected.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de solubilização de fosfato de alumínio e apatita de Araxá por diversos isolados de fungos solubilizadores de fosfato e o sinergismo entre o fungo solubilizador de fosfato, FSF 7, e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, na promoção do crescimento de trevo fertilizado com fosfato de alumínio. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, o primeiro em laboratório e o segundo em câmaras de cultivo. No primeiro experimento, os isolados FSF 7, FSF 9, FSF 21 e FSF 22, mais controle foram incubados em meio líquido, sob agitação, a 28ºC, por oito dias. Avaliou-se o pH e P solúvel no segundo, quarto e oitavo dia de incubação. No segundo experimento, semeou-se trevo em copos de plástico contendo 300 g de substrato esterilizado, fertilizado com fosfato de alumínio, 3 g L-1, com e sem FSF 7 e fungos micorrízicos. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 2x2 (presença e ausência de FSF 7 e fungos micorrízicos), com cinco repetições. No primeiro experimento, foram encontradas maiores quantidades de P solúvel no meio contendo fosfato de alumínio. O FSF 7 aumentou a solubilização desse fosfato. O crescimento do trevo foi favorecido pela presença do FSF 7 e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, o que evidencia sinergismo entre esses microrganismos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of several P-solubilizing fungi to solubilize aluminum phosphate and Araxá apatite as well as the synergism between the P-solubilizing fungus, PSF 7, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote clover growth amended with aluminum phosphate. Two experiments were carried out, the first under laboratory conditions and the second in a controlled environmental chamber. In the first experiment, PSF 7, PSF 9, PSF 21 and PSF 22 isolates plus control were incubated in liquid medium at 28ºC for eight days. On the 2nd, 4th and 8th day of incubation, pH and soluble P were determined. In the second experiment, clover was sowed in plastic pots containing 300 g of sterilized substrate amended with aluminum phosphate, 3 g L-1, in presence and absence of PSF 7 isolate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A completely randomized design, in factorial outline 2x2 (presence and absence of PSF 7 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and five replicates were used. In the first experiment, higher P content was detected in the medium containing aluminum phosphate. PSF 7 is the best fungi isolate which increases aluminum solubilization with major tolerance to Al3+. Clover growth was stimulated by presence of PSF 7 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. There is synergism between microorganisms utilized to improve plant nutrition.

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate several N2-fixing and non N2-fixing tree species, in relation to their surviving rate and growth in grass pasture, in order to form a wood-pasture system at the Atlantic Forest region. Two experiments were carried out in a grass pasture area, one with five N2-fixing tree species (Acacia holosericea, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Pseudosamanea guachapelle) and other with five non N2-fixing (Schinus terebinthifolius, Eucalyptus grandis, Tabebuia chrysotricha, Khaya senegalensis and Senna siamea). M. caesalpiniaefolia, E. contortisiliquum, A. holosericea and E. grandis were the most recommended species for wood - pastures system mainly due to their rapid establishment rate.

Resumo Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar diversas espécies arbóreas fixadoras e não fixadoras de N2, quanto à sobrevivência e crescimento em pastagem, para formar um sistema silvipastoril na região da Mata Atlântica. Dois experimentos foram instalados em uma área de pastagem, um com cinco espécies fixadoras de N2 (Acacia holosericea, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum e Pseudosamanea guachapelle) e outro com cinco não fixadoras (Schinus terebinthifolius, Eucalyptus grandis, Tabebuia chrysotricha, Khaya senegalensis e Senna siamea). Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Acacia holosericea e Eucalyptus grandis foram as espécies mais recomendadas para arborização de pastagem quanto a rapidez de estabelecimento.

Abstract In a regenerating forest in Paraty-RJ, four N2-fixing tree species (Acacia holosericea, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Enterolobium contortisiliquum) and two Non-N2- fixing (Schinus terebinthifolius and Eucalyptus grandis) were transplanted. N2-fixing tree species were inoculated with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while Non-N2-fixing tree species only with AMF. Otherwise, half of the plants were inoculated with P-solubilizing bacteria. P-solubilizing bacteria did not increase the growth and plant nutrition after field transplantation. M. caesalpiniifolia and E. contortisiliquum showed better performance being the most recommended species for enrichment of regenerating forest.

Resumo Numa área de capoeira em regeneração em Paraty-RJ, foram introduzidas quatro espécies arbóreas fixadoras de N2 (Acacia holosericea, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Anadenanthera macrocarpa e Enterolobium contortisiliquum) e duas não fixadoras (Schinus terebinthifolius e Eucalyptus grandis). As espécies fixadoras foram inoculadas com rizóbio e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) enquanto que as não fixadoras apenas com FMAs. Além disso, metade das mudas foi inoculada com bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato. As bactérias solubilizadoras não beneficiaram o crescimento e nutrição das plantas após o transplante para o campo. M. caesalpiniifolia e E. contortisiliquum apresentaram melhor performance sendo mais recomendadas para enriquecimento de capoeiras em regeneração.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade e a eficiência de solubilização de CaHPO4, AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá em meio sólido, e de AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá em meio líquido, por fungos (Aspergillus) e bactérias (Enterobacteriaceae) do solo. Em meio sólido, todos solubilizaram CaHPO4, nenhum solubilizou apatita de Araxá e apenas o isolado de fungo FSF 7 solubilizou AlPO4. Em meio líquido, todos solubilizaram AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá. A seleção de solubilizadores deve ser feita com a quantificação do potencial de solubilização em meio líquido.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability and efficiency of solubilization of CaHPO4, AlPO4 and Araxá apatite in solid medium, and AlPO4 and Araxá apatite in liquid medium. Soil P-solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) were tested. In solid medium, all isolates solubilized CaHPO4, not any isolate solubilized Araxá apatite, and one fungus isolate (PSF 7) solubilized AlPO4. In liquid medium, all isolates solubilized AlPO4 and Araxá apatite. Screening of P-solubilizing microorganisms must be done by quantifying their potential of phosphate solubilization in liquid growth medium.